北京聚智堂培训学校2014高中英语 Unit1 句子构成及简单句、复合句变化的理解讲义

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句子构成及简单句、复合句变化的理解
教学目的 1、复习简单句的构成、句子成分的划分。2、理解简单句、并列句、复合句的变化与关系。3、认识必修1（unit1）中宾语从句和强调句的运用。
教学内容
1、复习简单句的构成、句子成分的划分。2、理解简单句、并列句、复合句的变化与关系。3、认识必修1（unit1）中宾语从句和强调句的运用。 ●简单句类型英语五种基本句型列式如下：1. Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）2. Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋谓＋表）3. Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）4. Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）5. Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）I am a student.I met my teacher. I met my teacher yesterday. I met my teacher at the meeting yesterday. My teacher teaches me English. She finds me clever.怎样划分句子成份？先找谓语，再找其它，句意基本也就搞清了。●并列句(compound sentence): 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，则成为一个并列句。I turned on the TV. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I watched it. I turned on the TV and watched it. I bought my sister a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )present. She didn’t like it. I bought my sister a present, but she didn’t like it. 常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions平行并列连词: and, both…and, not only… but also, neither…nor转折并列连词：but, while, yet因果并列连词: for, so 选择并列连词: or, either…or请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.He was tired. He went to bed. 2.The child hid behin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d his mother's skirt. He was afraid of the dog. 3. He made a promise. He didn’t keep it4. Mary is op ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ening the door. John is greeting her guests. ● 复合句:主句+(引导词)+从句I met my teacher. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I met my teacher who teaches me English.I met my teacher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yesterday. I met my teacher when we attended a meeting. I met my teacher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at the meeting yesterday. I met my teacher where we held a meeting yesterday.主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句： 1.主语从句 2.宾语从句 3.表语从句 4.同位语从句 5.状语从句 6.定语从句分析下列句子,划分句子成份并翻译.1. Work hard and you will succeed.2. The student who/that answered the question was John.3. I don't be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lieve we've met before, although I must say you do look familiar.4. The notic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.5. It’s good to kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.6. From space, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )earth looks blue. This is why about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.7. What makes the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.8. Experts believe t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.9. Do not let any ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.10. Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. ●必修1（unit1）中从句和强调句的运用。Do you want a frien ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts Or are you afraid of that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. ……I wonder if it’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the songs of the bird, moonlight and flower could ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ver have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I came here. 强调句型:结构为It is（was）+ 被强调部分+ that （who） + 句子的其余部分。此结构强调的成分限于主语，宾语和状语。例如：It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。It was not until I ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 直到读了你的信，我才知道实际情形。 My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.　 强调主语：______________________________________________________　 强调宾语：________________________________________________________　 强调时间： _____________________________________________________　 强调地点：________________________________________________.如何判断是否为强调句型: 去掉It be… that还是一个完整的句子, 则为强调句型.典型例题1）It was last ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )night ___ I see the comet. A.　the time　B.　when　 C.　that　　D.　which2）It is ten years _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. that　B. when　 C. since　 D. asnot … until … 句型的强调句 1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句__________________________________________________________________ 2、注意：因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句， 切勿再用否定句了。 强调谓语用助动词do （did，does）进行强调。例如： 　 She does like this h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orse.　她的确喜欢这匹马。 Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。 宾语从句 May we ask what y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou are doing in this country and what your plans are Your success will largely depend on what you do and how you do it.I am sure that you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )will make greater progress in English through hard work.He doesn't know where the post office is.I thought it strange that he didn’t call me．I don’t think you are right.位置_______________语序：_________ 有时用it____________真正的宾语置后.注意事项（一）引导词连词(在从句中不作成分）that(可省); whether; if (介宾表是否不用if,用whether)连接代词（在从句中充当主，宾，表, 定）what; which; who; whom; whose; wh-ever连接副词（在从句中充当状，表）where; when; why; how做题步骤 __________________ __________________; ____________________He told us______he f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elt ill.
Do you know ___________ dictionary it is？
He has informed me ________________ they are to discuss the work plan.I doubt ____________he will succeed.注意事项（二）时态 1）主句为过去时态时，宾语从句用__________________. He said that he had lived in Beijing since liberation.2）主句为现在时态时，宾语从句用它所需的任何时态。You can't imagine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) how they were excited when they won the first place in the game.3）从句为客观真理时, 时态__________. Mike asked whether the earth moves around the sun.4）表示要求，建议，请求，命令的动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后接宾语从句时，从句谓语部分需用______________________这类动词有demand, require, suggest, advise, command, request, insist等。My mother suggested ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that I should study hard. My mother insisted that I should apologize to him.但suggest表暗示，表明，insist表坚持说一事实时，则不用虚拟。 Her pale fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce suggested that she was ill. He insisted that he hadn’t stolen the money.正误判断I know he lives here .I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow. I saw she is talking with her mother. The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.注意事项（三）否定前移在think, consi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )der, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，如有否定意思，一般要把否定词前移到主句的语上，从句的谓语用肯定的形式。
I don't think he can do it better than me.
I don't believe they have finished their work yet. I.单项选择1. It was from only a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) few supplies that she had bought in the village _______ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A. where B. that C. when D. which2. John's success has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today. A. why B. when C. which D. that 3. Was it on a lonely ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )island ______ he was saved one month after the boat went down A. where B. that C. which D. what4.It is not ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w much we do but how much love we put into what we do ______ benefits our work most. A. who B. which C. that D. what5.—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree — Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made.A. that B. where C. when D. which6. It’s not what ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we do consistentlyA .which B. that C. how D. when 7. It was not until I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) came here_____ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. A. who B. that C. where D. before8. It was 80 years ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _____ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. A. when B. that C. after D. since9.Can you tell me _______ the railway station A. how I can get ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to B. how can I get to C. where I can get to D. where can I get to10. He asked me _______ his story. A. I liked B. did you like C. if did I like D. if I liked11. Mother asked the kid _____ with his toy car. A.what the m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atter was B. what was the matter C. what the matter is D. what is the matter12. Tim told his teacher that he ______ born in 1986. A. was B. had been C. is D. has been13. She told me that she________ you in London a year before. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. has met14. She suggested that we ______ lunch at the new restaurant. A. will have B. had C. have D. has gone15. Cindy shut the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew ____she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 单项选择1. The shocking ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ws made me realize ________ terrible problems we would face. A. what B. how C. that D. why2. The message you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of______others actually understand. A. why B. that C. which D. what3. We’ve off ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ered her the job, but I don’t know____ she’ll accept it. A. where B. what C. whether D. which4. Our teachers a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lways tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which5. Twenty st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udents want to attend the class that aims to teach ______ to read fast. A. what B. who C. how D. why6. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.
A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever7. Jerry did not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
A. why B. how C. that D. whether8. Police have f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ound _____ appears to be the lost ancient statue(雕像). A. which B. where C. how D. what9. We promise _________attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever10. Scientists study _____ human brains work to make computers. A. when B. how C. that D. whether11. Experts b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elieve _____ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. why B. where C. that D. what 12. Do not let ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _______ close you may be to victory. A. how B. that C. which D. where I was feeling a little blue because my mother had lost her job.One day, while I was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )26 on the street, I heard the piano music and singing rising above the noise of the people. I walked more slowly to 27 where it was coming from. Then I saw a young lady sitting at a piano.She was singing songs about love, 28 yourself and keeping on trying. The way she was singing made me a little comfortable. I stood there 29 ，watching her playing on such a crowded New York square. I thought that she must be 30 enough to perform in front of so many people.She noticed me. I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )walked over and told her how good her 31 sounded. “Thank you.” she said.“I have been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) going through a hard time recently, 32 you’ve made me hopeful again.” I said to her.“I’m glad that I could help,” she replied, “Why are you so 33 ”“Well, my mom has lost her job, and I’m not sure what to do …”“Did you not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iced the 34 you were walking Your head was down.” she said. “Don’t be upset, because 35 comes in different ways and if your head is down, you might not see it. You should 36 more… lift your head up.”I looked 37 her, amazed at how she was encouraging me. “ 38 are you playing the piano here ” I asked her with a smile.She 39 that she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) saw a lot of unhappy people in the world and she tried to cheer 40 up by playing music.I smiled a little w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ilder, realizing that no difficulties could stop me from going on.26. A. driving B. riding C. running D. walking27. A. find out B. send out C. take out D. get out28. A. dressing B. believing C. hurting D. losing29. A. nervously B. rudely C. angrily D. quietly30. A. brave B. shy C. bored D. honest31. A. advice B. idea C. music D. interest32. A. or B. but C. so D. and33. A. dirty B. busy C. sad D. lazy34. A. way B. time C. reason D. station35. A. opportunity B. health C. pain D. life36. A. complain B. rest C. smile D. pay 37. A. like B. after C. for D. at38. A. How B. Why C. When D. Where39. A. dreamed B. hoped C. guessed D. explain40. A. us B. them C. me D. her Last month, some volunteers from Xi’an went to a middle school in the mountain area. They gave away 40 beds, 2 computers and hundreds of books to the students. The school lies deep in the mountains. Students have to live in the school. But the school was too poor to provide beds for them, so they had to sleep on the desks. Thanks to the volunteers, now the students can sleep on their own beds in the school. The Zapps, from Ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gentina( 阿根廷), began their tour in their old cars several years ago. They travelled to over 40 countries with four kids. Many people wondered what made them travel around the world. They said, “It’s just our dream, a big dream, from Argentina to the whole world. Thanks to those who supported us during our journey, our dream came true in the end. “Do you want to see your dream come true ” If so, why not start right away Jack Tsonis and Lindsay Morrison in Sydney decided to do something special on the UN’s International Day of Peace. They both loved peace. They both wanted to break the world record for the longest handshake to bring more love and peace to the world. To break the world record, they needed to shake hands for over 11 hours without a stop. Finally they make it. Their arms hurt a lot, but they were very happy.46. The volunteer gave away to the students. A. beds and computers B. clothes and books C. desks and beds D. beds and bags.47. What can we learn from the second story A. We can hardly travel around the world if we have an old car. B. We can travel around the world if nobody helps us. C. We should realize our dreams if we have lots of money. D. We should start right away if we want to realize our dream.48. Which is TRUE about the men in the last story A. It took them less than 11 hours to break the world record. B. They were happy though they didn’t break the world record. C. Both of them loved peace. D. They often shook hands智慧和勇气的双语哲理故事:七只狮子和一头牛There were seven li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ons who were friends to a cow. One day, the lions invited the cow for a meal.　　七只狮子和一头牛决定做朋友。起初，狮子请它们的新朋友吃饭。They prepared lots of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )meat to share with the cow. However the cow could not eat the meat but he remained quiet about it and thanked the lions for their hospitality.　　他们为牛准备了好多食物。 然而，这头牛不吃肉，仍然保持安静，还谢谢狮子们的热情招待。Later, the cow invited the lions be his guests.　　后来轮到牛请客了。The seven lions ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) saw big bundles of fresh grass when they reached the cow's house. They were very surprised.　　七只狮子在约定的一天到了牛那儿，它们看见一大堆新鲜的草。狮子们非常惊奇"Don't you have a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny meat Are you going to serve us with grass only Don't you know that we eat meat "The cow said nervously, "I think grass tastes better than meat. Try it and see."　　“怎么搞的 你没有肉 你不见得请我们吃草吧 ”牛胆小他说：“依我看来，草比肉好吃得多。我劝你们试试看。”"When you were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) invited as our guest, we did not force you to take the meat, " the lions said, "and we did not ask you to try it.　　“我们可没有一定要你吃肉，”狮子们说，“我们没有对你说：‘尔吃’，But here you are askin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g us to try eating the grass, If you were sincere about inviting us for a meal.　 可你一定要我们吃草。要是你真想请客，就应该预备好吃的东西。You would prepare foo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d in favor of the guests. Without meat to eat, how could it be a feast ¨" But where could I get meat " the cow argued.　　没有肉，算什么筵席呢 ”“但是叫我哪儿去找肉呢 ”牛替自己辩护说。The lions said, "It is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) definitely discourteous! You invited us as your guests but starve us.　　这时候狮子们说：“这真是极端的无礼!请我们来吃饭，结果却叫我们挨饿。If anyone else ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )were to treat us like this, we would tear him into pieces. Since you are our friend, we will be kind to you and eat only one of your legs.　　要是别人像你这样的话，我们早就把他撕得粉碎了。可你是我们的朋友，所以我们对你特别宽大。为了表示我们的仁慈，我们只吃掉你一条腿。”"The cow knew very well that he could not argue with the many more and he trembled as he said, "That's very kind of you.　　牛知道跟它们争论是没有用的，只得浑身颤抖他说：“你们待我真好。”"The lions bit off one ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of the cow's tegs and enjoyed eating it while he was left there bleeding to death. Soon the lions said, "Since the cow is dead, we may as well finish him.　　狮子就咬掉可怜的牛的一条后腿，开始吃起来。牛因为流血过多，倒在地上死掉了。" Thus they c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ontinued feasting on the cow. A fox passed by and wanted to have a taste of the delicious meat too.　　于是狮子们决定：“反正这牛已经死了，我们把它全吃光吧。”它们就继续大吃。So he sneaked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in quietly and carried away the cow's heart. He hid himself behind a tree to enjoy his food.　　有一只狐狸正好走过。它也想尝尝美味的肉，于是悄悄地走到近旁，叼着牛心，躲到树背后去。When the seven lio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns had eaten up the whole cow, they asked among themselves, "Where is the cow's heart Do you mean the cow has no heart at all "　　七只狮子把牛吃得连骨头也不剩。它们吃完了互相惊奇地问道：“这牛的心在哪儿 也许它根本没有心吧 ”The fox came out fro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m his hiding place and said, "You're wrong! He has a heart but no brain or else he would not be friends with you at all. "　　这时候狐狸从躲的地方走出来，一边舔着嘴唇一边说：“你们错了，可敬的先生们。它是有心的，就是没有头脑。不然的话，它也不会跟你们做朋友了。”
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