北京聚智堂培训学校2014高中英语 Unit2 直接引语变间接引语讲义

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直接引语变间接引语
教学目的 1、学习并掌握直接引语变间接引语的要点及应用。 2、在日常生活中灵活使用间接引语。
教学内容
Pay attention to how I retell some people said!1. My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish. She said that her name was Anne Frank and her family was Jewish.2. “Are you going to buy this coat ” Sam asked Mary. Sam asked Mary if she was going to buy that coat.3. She said, “I passed this exam.”She said that she had passed that exam.4. John said, “I can’t finish the job this afternoon.”John told me that he couldn’t finish the job that afternoon.5.“Where have you been these days ” he asked. He asked me where I had been those days.Direct speech:______________________Indirect speech:____________________________Can you tell me the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )differences between direct speech and indirect speech in the sentences 1、学习并掌握直接引语变间接引语的要点及应用。 2、在日常生活中灵活使用间接引语。直接引语变间接引语A． 陈述句与疑问句1.连词 若直接引语引号里的内容是陈述句，那么改为间接时，要用连词__________(可以省略) ……………….一般疑问句，…….，要用连词________________(不可以省略) ……………….特殊疑问句，…….，要用连词 ____________________________（不可省） 2.变化 （1）主句动词的变化 一般说来，主句谓语动词常为said或said to，变为间接引语时，当直接引语是陈述句时，said不变。当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时，则要把said或said to变为asked /wonder/ asked sb. （2）从句人称的变化 由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。a. 直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。b. 如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。c. 如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。例如： They said, “We will g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o there by bus.” →___________________________________ She said to me, “Ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e you interested in science ” →__________________________________His mother sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id to me, “He can't go to school.” →______________________________________ （3）、从句动词时态的变化 a. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。①一般现在时→一般过去时；②一般过去时→过去完成时；③现在进行时→过去进行时；④现在完成时→过去完成时；⑤过去完成时→过去完成时（不变）；⑥一般将来时→过去将来时。 The girl said, “I'm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sorry for being late for class.” →The girl said that _________________________b. 直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。例如： He says, “I have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )finished my homework.” →_______________________________She will say, “I' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll do it tomorrow.” →She will say that ____________________________c. 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。例如： The teacher said, “The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) earth moves around the sun.” →________________________________ （4）、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词的变化为this→that， these→those等；时间状语的变化为now→then， today→that day， yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day, last week/year→the week/year before, three days ago→three days before地点状语的变化为here→there；动词的变化为come→go（go 不要变come）; bring→ take; borrow→lend 1. She said, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“I will come this evening.” →________________________________ 2. He said, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.” →___________________________________B.表示请求或祈使的句子改为句型tel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l/ask/order sb (not) to do sth 当直接引语引号里的内容表示要求时用tell sb (not) to do sth 当直接引语引号里的内容表示请求时用ask sb (not) to do sth 当直接引语引号里的内容表示强制要求时用order sb (not) to do sth扩展1、直接引语如果表示客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。2、直接引语若有明确的表示时间的词语，变间接引语时，时态不变。3、若直接引语中含有could, must, should等情态动词，变间接引语时，时态不变。将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat.2. “I’ve found my w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )allet.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.3. “I took it hom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e with me.” she said. She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.4. The teacher said, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.5. “I met her yeste ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rday.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.6. “You must co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me here before five.” he said. He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.7. “I bought the ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )use 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.8. “Did you see her l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ast week ” he said. He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.9. He said, “Y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou can sit here, Jim.” He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there10. He asked, “How ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )did you find it, mother ” He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days ” he asked. He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days. 12. “Do you know wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere she lives ” he asked. He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.13. “Stop making so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )much noise, children.” he said. He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.14. “Don’t tell him th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e news.” she said. She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news. 15. “Are you inter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ested in this ” he said. He ______ ______ I was interested in ______. 同位语从句1) 同位语从句只放在某些抽象名词之后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggesution, idea, news, problem, possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连词有that, how，when, where等，that只起引导名词性从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省。There is no doubt that we will win.I have no idea whether he'll come or not.We haven't yet settl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.2) 表是否不用if, 而用whether.I have no idea whether he will come or not.3) that 引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别：The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.The news that we heard on the radio was not true. Wonderful! You’re good! Come on, baby! 1. The best momen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.A. where B. when C. how D. why2. Some people bel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ieve _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever. C. wherever D. however3. Exactly ____ the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 4. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing you're afraid to do. A. that B. what C. how D. whether5. As John Le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nnon once said，life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.A. which B. that C. what D. where6. —What a mess! You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame, mum. I am ____you have made me.A. how B. what C. that D. who7. It is difficult fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. A. where B. what C. which D. why 8. Grandma pointed to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the hospital and said, "That's ______ I was born."A. when B. how C. why D. where9. I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A. what B. that C. which D. who10. “Every time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me. A. what B. how C. that D. whether完形专练Michael Greenberg is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a very popular New Yorker. He is not famous in sports or the arts, But people in the streets 16 him, especially those who are 17 .For those people, h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e is "Gloves" Greenberg. How did he get that 18 He looks like any ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) other businessman, wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase (公文箱). But he's 19 _. His briefcase always has some gloves。In winter, Mr.Gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eenberg does not 20 like other New Yorkers, who look at the sidewalk and 21 the street. He looks around at 22 He stops when he 23 someone with no gloves. He gives them a pair and then he 24 , looking for more people with cold 25 .On winter days, Mr. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Greenberg 26 gloves. During the rest of the year, he 27 gloves. People who have heard about him 28 him gloves, and he has many in his apartment. Mr. Greenberg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )29 doing this 21 years ago. Now, many poor New Yorkers know him and 30 his behavior. But people who don't know him are sometimes 31 him. They don't realize that he just wants to make them 32 .It runs in the 33 .Michael's father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier. Michael Greenberg feels the 34 .A pair of gloves may be a 35 thing ,but it can make a big difference in winter.16. A. know about B. learn from C. cheer for D. look after17. A. old B. busy C. kind D. poor18. A. job B. name C. chance D. message19. A. calm B. different C. crazy D. curious20. A. act B. sound C. feel D. dress21. A. cross over B. drive along C. hurry down D. keep off22. A. cars B. people C. street numbers D. traffic lights23. A. helps B .chooses C. greets D. sees24. A. holds up B. hangs out C. moves on D. turns around25. A. hands B. ears C. faces D. eyes26. A. searches for B. stores up C. gives away D. puts on27. A. borrows B. sells C. returns D. buys28. A. call B. send C. lend D. show29. A. delayed B. remembered C. began D. enjoyed30.A. understand B. dislike C. study D .excuse31. A. sorry for B. satisfied with C. proud of D. surprised by32. A .smart B. rich C. special D. happy33. A. city B. family C. neighborhood D. company34. A. honor B. pain C. same D. cold35. A. small B. useful C. delightful D. comforting句型转换1. My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”→---- My father said practice _____ perfect.2. The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”→ ---- The boy told us he usually _______ ______ at six every day.3. The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”→---- The engineer said he _____ at college in 1967.4. My uncle said,“I sowed my carrot seed yesterday.” ----My uncle said _______carrot seed__________________.5. The farmers said,“We picked these cabbages three days ago.” ----The farmers said that ____________cabbages______________.6. He sked me,“What's the weather going to be like tomorrow ” ----He asked m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e _____________the weather__________to be like ____________.7. The teacher said to us ,“Light travells much faster than sound.” ----The teacher_____________light____________________ .8. She said to me ,“I've left my fork in your room.” ----She______________that__________fork in_____________.9. He said,“I will come here tonight.” ----He said that_______________.10.“Did you plant rice last week ”he said to us. ----He_______________planted rice________________.11. .“Are you ready,children ”asked Mrs Li. ----Mrs Li asked_______________ready.12. .“Where is your brother ploughing now ”he asked. ----He asked____________brother___________ploughing_____________.13.She said,“How many times do you harvest crops every year,Mike ” ----She asked___________how many times_____________crops every year.14.“Can I borrow this book of yours,Miss Gao ”asked the boy. ----The boy asked Miss Gao___________borrow___________of__________15.“How long ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) did it take you to remove the weeds ”he asked the farmers.----He asked the farmers how long_______________the weeds.1) You can reac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h almost any goal if you want to — but sometimes it takes great efforts to realize your dream. That was q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uite true for me. When I was 17 years old, I broke my father’s 1 . He had saved enough from an average income to send me to college to become a lawyer. Three months later I was home telling him that I had left college—and for first time I saw him 2 . “Son, I’m always going to love you even though you’ll never achieve anything,” he said with tears (眼泪) in his eyes.When I walked out ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of that room, I was burning with something within my body. Not everyone has the chance to feel it. I did not just want to 3 —I had to.But I couldn’t s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ee how to do it and all the time my father’s words in my mind. I became a salesperson. It was not 4 because I knew almost nothing about marketing. Then a man introduced me to the Edwards training course. I went and learned a lot of useful 5 . I tried my best to put them to work. Soon after that, I started tasting the sweet fruits of success for the first time.Some time later, I told the manager of my company that I would like to meet with Mr. Edwards. They arranged it for me. When the day came, I told him, “Mr. Edwards, my goal is to be able to train people just as you trained me.” 6 , he agreed to let me try.All that came tru ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e because I set goals to make it happen. Sticking to the goal was the most important. 1. A. promise B. record C. heart D. law2. A. shout B. cry C. laugh D. relax3. A. succeed B. argue C. stop D. move4. A. fair B. easy C. serious D. safe5. A. poems B. dialogues C. excuses D. skills6. A. Luckily B. Usually C. Clearly D. Suddenly2) When I wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a young child, my parents often told me that a positive heart brought man everything. I didn’t understand and wondered why ___1___ has such a big influence on a person. And now, although I’m just a middle school student, I’d like to ___2___ my own opinions on this saying. Once I read a s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )entence— “To make this world a ___3___ place to live in, rather than the whole world, you’d better change your ___4___.” It made me lost in thought. There are so many things around us that go ___5___ our will. We can’t force life to follow our wishes. The earth won’t ___6___ turning whether we accept it or not. What we can do is just ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to make ourselves suit the world. I think we should learn to ___7___ welcome whatever life gives us, the spring sunlight or the winter snowfall, and try to get ___8___ from it. I have tried to catch every pleasant thing in my life, but I ___9___ catch most of the pleasant moments, such as being hugged by mother when in fear, being ___10___ by the teacher when in trouble, being helped by a stranger when ___11___. I realize that I don’t just live alone and that there are others around me I should ___12___. They all pay attention to my growing up, and are proud of my achievements ___13___ it is just a little progress. It is their care and love that ___14___ remind me I live in a warm and happy world. Different people m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay have different ___15___ towards life. But there is one rule should be followed and that is to make the world better. 1. A. it B. he C. she 2. A. hold B. make C. show 3. A. nice B. dull C. rich4. A. job B. heart C. taste 5. A. above B. along C. against 6. A. stop B. keep C. start 7. A. casually B. politely C. warmly8. A. friendship B. success C. pleasure 9. A. won’t B. can’t C. needn’t10. A. invited B. trained C. cheered 11. A. in line B. in danger C. in agreement 12. A. think of B. hear of C. dream of 13. A. as for B. now that C. even though 14. A. never B. often C. sometimes 15. A. plans B. habits C. attitudes 46. Which of the following is TRUE to Shanghai Disneyland A. A 10-kilo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )meter-long river goes in the middle of the park. B. There will be many Chinese characters.C. It is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) same as the others. D. It opened 5 years ago.47. In order to ke ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ep the road safe, European Commission wants to . A. make buses and t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )axis go slowly B. fit buses and taxis with "black hones"C. make the police f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ind out what happened D. find out what "black boxes" can do48. The robots will in a UK hospital. A. carry medical ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) rubbish B. give out newspapers C. cook dinner D. water flowers49. TV stations and newspapers buy the holes because . A. the roads have been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) broken badly B. they want to have their own holesC. they want to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) make more money D. the government doesn't have enough money 双语故事 微不足道的善举A man was strolling along the beach when he suddenly noticed from afar what he thought were children dancing.有个人在沙滩上散步，在不经意间看到远处好像有孩子在跳舞。“What on earth ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e they doing dancing on the beach ”as he quickly paced towards them.“他们为什么要在沙滩上跳舞呢 ”他边想边快速地朝孩子们走去。 He was sur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )prised that a boy and a girl were not dancing but picking up the starfishes which were washed ashore by the tide and throwing them back into the sea.他惊奇地发现，那个男孩和那个女孩并不是在跳舞，而是在捡被潮水冲上岸来的海星，然后把它们扔回大海。“Excuse me, why are yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u throwing the starfishes back into the sea ”he asked.“请问，你们为什么要把海星扔回大海呢 ”他问。The children ignored the remark but they continued picking up the starfishes and kept throwing them back into the sea.孩子们没有理会他，继续捡海星向大海扔去。“Don't you think it i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a waste of your time as there are hundreds of starfishes still lying around. Surely you can't keep this act all day long.”“你们不觉得这是在浪费时间吗 还有成千上万只海星躺在岸上呢!你们肯定不会一整天都这样扔下去吧。”At last the elder boy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )replied,“Sir, you see the sun would soon rise and the tide will ebb away.后来，年龄大一点儿的男孩说：“先生，你知道吗，太阳很快就要升起来了，潮水也会退去。Though my siste ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r and I can't throw all the starfishes back into the sea, we are sure it matters to the ones we succeed in throwing.虽然我和妹妹不能把所有的海星都扔回大海，但我相信，对于被我们扔回大海的海星来说，我们所做的是至关重要的。Would you like to join ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) us, it would make a difference.”The man smiled and said,“It certainly would,”so he too pick up the starfishes and threw them into the sea.你想加入我们吗 这很有意义。”那人笑了笑说：“非常愿意。”于是，他也捡起海星，朝大海扔去。
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Going to Disneyland is a dream vacation for kids. You may have been to the Disney-land in Hong Kong Or in other places. Soon you will be able to enjoy a Disney Park in Shanghai. Shanghai Disneyland started building on April 8, 2011. There will be many Chinese characters in Shanghai Disneyland, It is different from the Others. There is a 10-kilometer-long river. It goes around the whole park. Shanghai Disneyland will cost 24. 4 billion yuan to build. It will open in five years.
In order to keep the road safe, European Commission (欧盟) says that buses and taxis can be fitted (安装) with "black boxes". The black boxes can help police to find what happened after an accident.
Some robots will soon be used to carry medical rubbish, pass, food and give out medicine at a UK hospital. The newest technology(技术) is already in hospitals in Japan, the US and France.
A village in eastern Germany doesn't have enough money to repair the holes in the road. So they sell the holes to the people in the village. Each hole is $ 68. The government will repair them with the money and put a message on top of each hole to remember the buyers. It's a funny idea. Most buyers just want to do some good things to the society. However, some TV stations and newspapers buy some holes just to make more money from advertising.
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