北京聚智堂培训学校2014高中英语 Unit4 定语从句（1）讲义

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定语从句（1）
教学目的 1、复习定语从句中关系代词的用法。 2、在句中如何选择正确的关系代词。
教学内容
1、定语从句中关系代词的用法。 2、 that与 which的区别分析下面的句子成分I have an useful dictionary.I have a dictionary that/which was given by my sister.此句中a dictionary 为___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ that/which was given by my sister为_________修饰限定_________ that/which 为___一. 定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句分为限定性和非限定性定语从句。He has a sister who i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a musician. He has a sister, who is a musician.二．关系代词 1．作用：_______________ _____________________ _________________ 2．用法：观察并翻译下面几个句子，然后总结引导词的用法。The student who/that answered the question was John.Here is the man whom/that/\ you want to see.She is no longer the girl that/\ she used to be before.The book which /that was on the desk was bought by my father.The book which/that/\I bought yesterday is very interesting.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.I’d like a room whose ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) window faces south.= of which the window = the window of whichTom’s father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist,在从句中充当主语在从句中充当宾语/表语在从句中充当定语人物/事非限制性定语从句不用___________引导， 引导词也不能省略。 做题步骤：_____________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________She is the girl ____________ lives next door.She is the girl _____________ I teach.This is the house _________window broke last week.This is the book ______________she gave me yesterday.That is his father, ________ works in Shanghai.Tom has made rapid progress, which makes us very happy.He studied ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.which 在非限制性定从中，还可指代__________________________。三．that与which的区别 用that的情况1._________ ________________________________ Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself 2._________________________________________ This is the very bus that I’m waiting for. She is the only person that understands me. This is the same pen that I lost.3._______________________________________ This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.4.___________________________________ Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about 5._________ ______________________ Who is the boy that won the gold medal 6. 当先行词是way（方法）时，关系代词常用that代替in which,也常可省略。如：I don’t like the way (that) she spoke to me.不用that 1._________________ He has two sons, who work in the same company.2._________________ This is a house in which Luxun once lived. The man to whom you spoke was a scientist. 四．介词如何选_____________________ ______________________ __________________________ In the dark str ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eet, there wasn’t a single person________ she could turn for help. The poor man has no house ________ he can live. Do you like the book _______________ she spent $10 Do you like the book _______________ she paid $10 Do you like the book _______________ she learned a lot Do you like the book _______________ she often talks I have a pair of gl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asses, __________ ___________ I can’t see anything.China has a l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot of rivers, the second longest ____________is the Yellow River. of 表___________________ He paid t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _____________hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. I visited the mu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )seum, the construction _________ ___________had taken more than three years. 下面句子中，介词能提前吗？Is this the watch t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat you are looking for The old man whom I am looking after is better. 五．As 1)前有such, the same时，可用as.He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. ________从句 He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.________从句 He is not the sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me man as he was. This is the same pen that I lost. 2)as 与which的区别 ①意义不同 在非限制性定从中as译为“正如”，。Which常译作“这一点，这件事”。As is known, the moo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n travels round the earth. = It is known that…= What is known is that…Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.②位置不同as 可放主句前, 主句中，主句后，指代前面或后面整句话; which只能放主句后，指代前面整句话的内容。They failed in the exam，as/which is natural.As is often the ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se, little boys tend to be very active and out of control.（......这是常见的情况）③用法不同当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用whichHe came here very late, which was unexpected.As在句中作主语时，常接动词的被动语态。She has been absent again, as is expected.(正如预料的那样) Exercises.1. I've become good ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which 2. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What3.After graduat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing from college，I took some time off to go traveling,______ turned out to be a wise decision． A．that B．which C．when D．where4. As a child , Jac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 5. The newly built ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fé, the walls of__ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 6. The old tem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose7. I refuse to acce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pt the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what8. My mother was so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) proud of all ______________（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)9. ______________________(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)10. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that www. /gaokao/beijing11. In china, the numb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that12．The settlement ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A．whom B．which C．them D．those1. Friendship is ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eded by all, _____ plays an important role in people’s lives. A. which B. that C. who D. it2. Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now. A. who B. whom C. with whom D. to whom
3. Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
4. Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before. A. who B. tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t C. which D. whose
5. The Olympic Games , _____ is first played in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
6. The houses ___ is to be built for the teachers and the construction work will start soon. A. whose B. which C. who D. whom7. How many of us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )attending a meeting _______ is not important to us would be interested in the discussion
A.whose B. that C. whom D. who
8. She has three children, _____ is working in Australia. A. who B. one of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) whom C. one of them D. none of them
9 Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed. A. whom I thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nk did B. whom I think she did C. who I think did D. I think who did
10. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.
A. by which B. on which C. with which D. for which
1. The girl a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ___ she would stay at for an hour. A where B who C which D what2. Wind power is an a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ncient source of energy ______ we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which3. The prize will go t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o the writer ________ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what4. Ted came fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, __is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which5. Mary was much ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that6. You’ll find taxis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as7. The old town has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that8. She showed the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which9. English is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 10. She has a gift ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who 11. Julie was goo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 12. The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month. A. where B. which C. to which D. on which
Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks __1__ than words. According to specialists，our bodies send out more __2__ than we realize. In fact，non verbal（非言语）communication takes up about 50% of what we really __3__.And body language is particularly __4__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed，what is called body language is so __5__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.__6__，different societies treat the __7__ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having __8__ contact（接触）even with friends，and certainly not with __9__.People from Latin American countries，__10__，touch each other quite a lot. Therefore，it's possible that in __11__，it may look like a Latino is __12__ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving __13__.The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep __14__—which the Latino will in return regard as __15__.Clearly，a great deal is going on when people __16__.And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from __17__ cultures，there's a strong possibility of __18__.But whatever the situation，the best __19__ is to obey the Golden Rule：treat others as you would like to be __20__.1．A．straighter B．louder C．harder　 D．further2．A．sounds　 B．invitations C．feelings　 D．messages3．A．hope　 B．receive C．discover　 D．mean4．A．immediate　 B．misleading C．important　 D．difficult5．A．well　 B．far C．much D．long6．A．For example B．Thus C．However 　D．In short7．A．trade　 B．distance C．connections　 D．greetings8．A．eye B．verbal C．bodily D．telephone9．A．strangers B．relatives C．neighbours　 D．enemies10．A．in other word ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s　B．on the other hand C．in a similar way　 D．by all means11．A．trouble B．conversation C．silence D．experiment12．A．disturbing B．helping C．guiding D．following13．A．closer B．faster C．in D．away14．A．steppin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g forward B．going on C．backing away　 D．coming out15．A．weakness B．carelessness C．friendliness D．coldness16．A．talk ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B．travel C．laugh D．think17．A．different ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B．European C．Latino D．rich18．A．curiosity ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B．excitement C．misunderstanding D．nervousness19．A．chance B．time C．result D．advice20．A．noticed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B．treated C．respected D．pleased When newspapers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and radio describe the damage caused by a hurricane named Hazel, girls named Hazel are probably teased by their friends. To keep out of trouble, the Weather Bureau says，“Any resemblance between hurricane names and the names of particular girls is purely accidental.”Some women became angry because hurricanes are given their names, but many other women are proud to see their names make headlines. They don't even care that they are the names of destructive storms. Because more women seem to like it than dislike it, the Weather Bureau has decided to continue using girls' names for hurricanes.In some ways a hurrica ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne is like a person. After it is born, it grows and develops, then becomes old and dies. Each hurricane has a character of its own. Each follows its own path through the world, and people remember it long after it has gone. So it is natural to give hurricanes names, and to talk about them almost as if they were alive.60．According to the passage, which is more reasonable A．Some women feel unhappy because hurricanes are given their names.B．A lot of women complain of the Weather Bureau.C．Many women want to be known.D．All the hurricanes are caused by women.61．Public opinions make the Weather Bureau________.A．consider the dis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )agreement of some women B．go on naming hurricanes after womenC．name hurri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )canes after men D．look for a new method to name hurricanes62．It is natural to give hurricanes names because______.A．they becom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e old and die B．all of them should be rememberedC．each hurricane h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as its own day to come D．each hurricane has its own character 智慧和勇气 双语故事 我们的问题A little mouse livi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng on a farm was looking through a crack in the wall one day and saw thefarmer and his wife opening a package.　　一天，一只住在农场的小老鼠透过墙上的洞看到农场主和他的妻子打开了一个包裹。　　The mouse was intr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )igued by what food the package may contain. He was aghast to discoverthat it was a mousetrap. The mouse ran to the farmyard warning everyone： “There is amousetrap in the house， there is a mousetrap in the house.”　　小老鼠很好奇里面装的是什么好吃的食 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )物。但是令它震惊的是，里面居然是一个老鼠夹。于是它跑到农场的院子里向每一个动物警告说：“屋里有一个老鼠夹!屋里有一个老鼠夹!”　　The chick raised his head and said， “Mr. Mouse， I can tell you this trap is a grave concern toyou， but it has no consequence to me and I cannot be bothered with it.”　　一只小鸡抬起头说：“老鼠先生，我敢说老鼠夹是专为你设置的，不会给我带来任何后果，我用不着担心。”　　The mouse turned to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the pig， “I am so sorry Mr. Mouse， but the trap is no concern of mineeither!” the pig said　　老鼠转向猪。“我也很抱歉，老鼠先生，老鼠夹和我也没有任何关系。”小猪说道。　　The mouse then turned to the bull， “It sounds like you have a problem， Mr. Mouse， but notone that concerns me.” the bull said.　　老鼠又去跟牛讲。老牛对它说：“听起来你好像遇到了麻烦，老鼠先生，但是这也不关我的事。”　　The mouse ret ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urned to the house， head down and dejected that no one would help him or hasconcerned about his dilemma.　　老鼠耷拉着脑袋回到屋子里，他感到很沮丧，因为没有谁愿意帮助它，没有谁为它的困境担心。　　He knew he had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to face the trap on his own. That night the sound of a trap catching its preywas heard throughout the house. The farmer’s wife rushed to see what was caught. In thedarkness she could not see that it was a venomous snake whose tail the trap had caught.　　它只有独自面对这个老鼠夹 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了。那天晚上大家都听到了夹子夹住东西的声音。农夫的妻子急忙跑过去看是什么被抓住了。黑暗中她看不清，其实是一条毒蛇的尾巴被夹住了。　　The snake bit the fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rmer’s wife. The wife caught a bad fever and the farmer knew the best wayto treat a fever was with chicken soup. The farmer took his hatchet to the farmyard to get thesoup’s main ingredient.　　农夫的妻子被毒蛇咬了一口，发起了高热。农夫知道最好的退热办法是喝鸡汤，于是他拿着菜刀走进院子去取做汤的原料。　　The wife got sicker ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and friends and neighbors came by to take turns sitting with her round theclock. The farmer knew he had to feed them， so he butchered the pig.　　农夫的妻子病得更重了，朋友和邻居们轮流来看她。农夫必须招待他们，所以就把猪杀了。　　The farmer’s wife di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d not get better， in fact she died and so many friends and family came toher funeral that the farmer had to slaughter the bull to feed all of them.　　农夫的妻子还是没有好转，最后还是死了，很多朋友和家人来参加她的葬礼，农夫只有杀牛来招待他们。　　So the next t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ime we hear that one of our teammates is facing a problem and think it does notconcern or effect us， let us remember that when any one of us is in trouble， we are all at risk.　　所以，下一次当我们听到同伴当中的一员遇到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )问题时，不要想这不关自己的事，不会影响自己。记住，如果我们中任何一个人遇到麻烦，我们都将处于危险之中。　　Life is a celebration. Be happy and make others happy.　　生活就是联欢，高兴一点，让其他人也高兴起来!
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