初中英语形容词和副词General revision for grammar (共86张PPT)

(共86张PPT)
adj & adv
形容词和副词
General revision for grammar
概念
形容词用于修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质、 状态和特征。
副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征,说明时间，地点，程度等概念。它用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或句子。
定语 表语 宾补 状语
adj 形容词用于修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的属性或特征等 √ √ √ √
adv 副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征,说明时间，地点，程度等概念。它用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或句子。 √ √ √ √
形容词的用法及位置
adj 作定语
前置定语
A difficult situation, efficient approach|way
2. 后置定语:
1）修饰不定代词:something, anything, nothing, everything
Nothing serious, anything special
2) 某些a-开首的形容词:afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, ashamed, awake, aware
He is the only man alive.
adj 作表语
1) 用在be之后.
They are capable of doing the job.
2) 相当于be 的动词之后：appear, seem, come, cook, die, fall, keep, lay,prove, remain, run, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, go, get, grow, become, turn…
remain calm, go hungry, fall asleep,
come true, appear effective, die young
只用作表语的形容词：well, ill, content, fond, glad, likely, ready, sorry, sure
He is likely to see me today.
This is a possible solution.
The boy is ill/sick.
The sick boy is lying in bed.
ill news, ill wind, ill luck
adj 作宾补
You keep the classroom clean.
Leave me alone, please.
I find the book very interesting.
adj 作状语
She came home sick.（伴随状语）
He went to bed, cold and hungry and exhausted.(结果状语)
Eager to see her friends, she took a taxi home rather than ride a bike.(原因状语)
常用的顺序为：限定词（these,those)+数量形容词（three）+描绘性形容词
（beautiful）+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词（large,long,high）+新旧（new）
+颜色（blue）+国籍（Chinese）+材料
（wood）+用途(writing)+被修饰名词（desk）
P42
限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老；
颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。
（县官行令宴国才）
all these last few days 最近的这些日子
A light blue silk skirt一件浅蓝色丝裙
the first/last two paragraphs
最前/最后两段
another three English books 另外三本英语书
some beautiful little flowers
an old brown woolen carpet
副词的用法及位置
adv. 作定语：主要为表示时间或点的副词：
here,there,in,out,up,down,below,above,upstairs,downstairs,now,then等，这些副词做定语时应后置。
I bought something to drink on my way home.
All the commodities(日用百货) here are made in Shanghai.
It is quite fine today.
the air here is fresh.
adv. 作表语
主要指主语的方位、方向、动作情况。常见的副词有：on, in, up, down, out, off, back, away,over等
The fire is on.
We'll be home at ten tonight..
adv. 作状语：可以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或全句。
The room is quite small and dark.
（修饰形容词）
He worked out the problem very easily.（修饰副词）
He got on that train fortunately.
Fortunately, he got on that train.
（修饰全句）
beautiful
beautifully
serious
seriously
adj & adv
She always looks ___________ .(美丽）
She is always dressed ____________ (美丽)
He has got a ___________(严重) illness.
He is ______________（严重）ill.
widely
badly
great
very
English is a __________ (wide) used language.
This soldier was ________(bad) wounded.
great/very
This painting is of ________ value.
This painting is _______ valuable.
This meeting is of .(important)
1.You can’t sit on this newly bought chair___.
A.comfort B.comfortable
C.comfortably D.with comfortable
2. The apple tastes _____ and sells ___ .
A. well; well B. good; good
C. good; well D. well; good
3. Your answer sounds _____ .
A. correct B. correctly
C. correctness D. correcting
C
C
A
4. There was a ____ talk between the two teams last week.
A.friend B.friendship C.friendly D.warmly
5. At the meeting, they kept ____ all the time.
A. silent B.silence C. quietly D.silencely
6. They all looked _____ at the mistakes and felt quite _____ .
A.sad; sad B. sadly; sadly
C. sad; sadly D. sadly; sad
C
A
D
lively, lonely, deadly, silly, orderly, timely, costly, brotherly
7.—Mum, I think I’m __ to get back to school. --Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well B. so good
C. well enough D. good enough
C
8.we decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ____.
A. badly B. hardly
C. strongly D. heavily
D
9.John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes ____.
A. open B. to be opened
C. to open D. opening
A
10. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _____ to her mother.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
A
11. --- I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
--- You can never be ___ careful in the street.
A. much B. very C. so D. too
D
can not (never) too… 怎么…也不为过
12.It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, ____ if you don’t speak the language.
A. extremely B. naturally
C. basically D. especially
13. In that case, there is nothing you can do ___ than wait.
A. more B. other C. better D. any
D
B
other than 除了
14.I don’t mind picking up your things from the store. ____ , the walk will do me good.
A. Sooner or later B. Still
C. In time D. Besides
D
15. Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and _____, fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.
A. accidentally B. purposefully
C. obviously D. formally
C
16. Mr Smith used to smoke ___ but he has given it up.
A. seriously B. heavily
C. badly D. hardly
B
17. Everyone was on time for the meeting ____ Chris, who’s usually ten minutes late for everything.
A. but B. only C. even D. yet
C
18. Alien had to call a taxi because the box was ____ to carry all the way home.
A. much too heavy
B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much
D. too heavy much
A
形容词、副词
比较等级的用法
形容词和副词的比较等级
原级
1. 肯定 as (adv.) ＋ adj. / adv. 原级 ＋ as (conj.)
2. 否定 not as (so) ＋ adj. / adv. 原级 ＋ as
3. 倍数 倍数 ＋ as ＋ adj. / adv. 原级 ＋ as
1. Mr. Sun speaks English as fluently as you .
2. This building looks not so (as) high as that one.
3. This room is three times as large as that one.
原级 比较级 最高级
much/many
ill/bad/badly
little
more most
worse worst
less least
比较级
1. 构成形式
- er
more
注意不规则变化
good / well
far
better best
farther farthest
further furthest
误
more and more better
正
better and better
2.用法
A. 表示一方超过另一方 “ 比较级 ＋ than ”
B. 表示一方不及另一方 “ less ＋ 原级 ＋ than ”
C. 表示 越来越 … “ 比较级 ＋ and ＋ 比较级 ”
D. 表示 越 … 越 … “ the ＋比较级 … , the ＋
比较级 …”
E. 表示 倍数 “ 倍数＋比较级 ＋ than ”
3. 可以修饰比较级的副词或副词短语。
even, much, still, a bit, (quite) a little , far, etc.
注意：very 修饰原级，much 修饰比较级，修饰动词用much 或 very much.
2.as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词 p45
The building is as tall as 100 meters.
=The building is 100 meters tall.
The well is as deep as 130 meters.
=The well is 130 meters deep.
John is the tallest boy in the class, as tall as five foot height according to himself.(2005,安徽）
3.看似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语。
as long as只要，有…之久
as far as到…地点，就…而言
as far as i'm concerned,.....
as soon as 一…就
as well as既…又
as good as(=very nearly)与…几乎一样，几乎，简直
I will work as (so) long as I live.
只要活着，我就要工作。
The average cost of one day in a hospital in
that country can run as high as $400.（高达）
二、比较级
1.比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much,
still, even, far, any(用于否定句或疑问句），a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times等。
The students study even harder than
before.
A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.
by far通常用于修饰最高级。若修饰比较级，常放在比较级之后，若放在前面，其后应接“the+比较级”结构。
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the tallest of all the boys.
He is by far the taller of the two boys.
2. “the+比较级…,the+比较级…”
表示“越……,越……”
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you.
The longer you stay, the better (it will be).
3.比较级+and+比较级 “越来越……”
The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.
4.the+taller（比较级）+ of the two+名词
表示“两个中较……的”
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
5.用介词by表示相差的程度。
She is taller than I by three inches.
=She is three inches taller than I.
I missed the last train by one minute.
4.同一个人或事物的两种性质的比较，用more…than…结构。P47
more … than后跟形容词、副词、动词、名词等，一般情况下，要求more后部分和than后部分词类相同，但偶尔也有例外。表示“与其说……不如说、是……不是”等。例如：
He is more dead than alive. 与其说他还活在人世，不如说他是行尸走肉。
She is more shy than unsocial. 她是害羞而不是不爱交际。
She is more a singer than an actress. 与其说她是个演员，不如说是个歌唱家。
The boy is more diligent than clever. 与其说这男孩聪明，不如说他勤奋。
Dogs bark more for custom than fierceness. 狗叫主要是因为习惯，而不是生性凶狂。
5.比较的对象不能相互包容，常见句型是：
1）比较级+than + any other+单数名词
2）比较级+than+all (the) other+复数名词
3）比较级+than +anyone else
4）比较级+than +any of the other+复数名词
5）比较级+than +the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词.
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
The Mississippi River is longer than any other river
in the United States.
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
China is larger than any country in Africa.
He is taller than any other student in his class.
He is taller than any of the others in his class.
He is taller than anyone else in his class.
He is taller than the others in his class.
He is taller than the other students in his class.
四、几组易混形容词、副词的比较
1.too much, much too
too much所要表达的是much（多）的意思；
much too所要表达的是too（太）的意思。
The teacher gave us too much homework today.
I am much too pleased to see you.
2.so,such
so作为副词，修饰形容词、副词；such作为形容
词，修饰名词。但如果such修饰的是单数可数名词
，且该名词又被其他形容词所修饰，即“such+a/an+形容词+单数名词”可转换为“so+形容词+a/an+单数名词”
He is such a good teacher that we all like him.
=He is so good a teacher that we all like him.
当名词被many,much,few, little（注意：little作“少”，不作“小”讲）修饰
时，应用so,即：so many/much/few/little+名词
When learning to ride a bicycle, he got so many falls that he was black and blue all over.
3.common,usual,normal, ordinary
common表示“普通的，随时会发生或随处可见
的，共同的”，与rare “罕见的，珍稀的”相反。
usual表示“customary”,即 “惯常的，通常的，符合习
惯的”；normal与norm（规范，标准）同源，意为
“符合标准的，正常的，正规的”；
ordinary与special（特殊的）相反，意为“普通的，一
般的，不特殊的”。
Yesterday he got up earlier than usual, for it was not an ordinary day for him
Don’t tell me about that! It is a common sense.
What is the normal body temperature
4.slight,weak,tender,soft
weak身体弱，无力气的，容易被击败的，功能不佳的，无说服力的
slight不严重的，轻微的，细长的
tender脆弱的，心肠软的，温和的，文雅的，（肉）嫩的，柔软的
soft软的，光滑柔软的，（光线、色彩）柔和的，（风）温和的，（声音）轻柔的，有同情心的，缺乏勇气的
5.well,healthy
两个词都可理解为“身体好”，但是well
常表示短期的或暂时的身体状态，healthy
表示较长时间的身体状态。
--Are you feeling well
---No, I’m not feeling well now.
They are healthy children.
6.fairly与 rather
1)不定冠词 a可放在rather 前或后，但只能放在fairly前。a fairly good story
a rather cold day/rather a cold day
2)rather 通常含有“不适当”之意，而fairly
通常含有“适当”之意。
It’s fairly warm in spring.
It’s rather cold today.
3)rather可以和-ed形式、比较级或too连用，而fairly不能。
My brother is rather better today.
This book is rather too difficult for the
juniors but rather too easy for the seniors.
7.具有两种形式的副词
英语中有的副词兼有两种形式：一种是与形容词同形；
另一种是在该形容词后面加副词词缀-ly构成。这两种
形式的副词在词义上和用法上有一定的差异，有的甚至
完全不同。
firm稳固地 firmly坚固地
direct径直地 directly恰好，直接，坦率地
free自由地、免费地 freely自由自在地
flat平淡地 flatly直截了当地
short突然（=suddenly） shortly不久
even甚至 evenly平均地
clean完全地、径直地 cleanly清洁地
clear隔开、不接触 clearly清晰地，明显地
close近 closely紧密地、接近地
easy安适地 easily容易地
dead突然地，完全地 deadly死一般地、非常
fair公平地，正直地 fairly相当地
hard努力地 hardly几乎没有、几乎不
most最 mostly重要地
right直接地，径直地、立即 rightly公正地、合理地、正确地
(2)否定词not可放在nearly之前，构成not nearly的结构，意为“一点儿也不，相差甚远”，但没有not almost的结构。
She is not nearly as pretty as her sister.（她一点儿也没有她妹妹漂亮。）
（3）almost 和nearly都可用于表示极端之意的形容词前，但却不能用于修饰不具有极端之意的形容词。
That is an almost/a nearly perfect plan.
那几乎是完美之计。
8.nearly,almost,hardly
(1)almost可以与any,no,nobody,never,nothing搭配，但nearly却不能跟这些词搭配。在表达中也经常用hardly any, hardly nobody来代替almost no, almost nobody.
Almost no one came to the party.
Hardly anybody came to the party.
You can find the meaning of almost any word here.
The elderly need special care in winter,as they
are__ to the sudden change of weather.
A. sensitive B. sensible
C. flexible D. positive
解析： (sensitive—strongly or easily
Influenced or changed by something易受影响
的，敏感的 sensible明智的；合理的）
A
Correct the mistakes:
1. This box is more heavier than that one.
2. Tom is the youngest in the three.
3. He is taller of the two.
4. Today is our the busiest day.
5. I think math is very more difficult than Chinese.
6. There are much more people in the street than usual.
7. Mike is so tall as Jack.
8. Li Ying jumped farther than Jim jumped.
9. The Yellow River is the second longer river in China.
10. We must get farther information.
___________
heavier
__
of
____
the taller
______
our
____
much
_____
many
__
as
______
(did)
_____
longest
______
further
1.She doesn’t speak___ her friends, but her written work is excellent.
A.as well as B. as often as
C. so much as D. as good as
2.Of all the story books, I like this one ____. It’s not interesting at all.
A. very much B. the best
C. very less D. the least
A
D
3.---If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
---Ok, but do you have ___size in blue This one is a bit tight for me.
A. a big B. a bigger
C. the big D. the bigger
4.If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ___choice.
A.good B.the best C.better D.the better
B
D
5.Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs ___ for the poor.
A.more B.much C.many D.most
6.—This story book is not interesting at all.
--Well, I’ll lend you ___one, Ok
A.the most interesting
B.a most interesting
C.most interesting D.much interesting
A
B
7.---It’s so hot today.
---It surely is. It’s ___yesterday.
A.two degrees hotter than
B.two degrees as hot as
C.two degree hotter than
D.as two degrees hot as
A
8.Our neighbour has ___ ours.
A.as a big house as B.as big a house as
C. the same big house as
D. a house the same big as
9.He insisted that those who worked ___ than anyone else should get ___ money.
A.harder, the most B.harder, most
C.hardest, the most D.hardest, most
B
A
10.He is not ___ as any of us, but he is brave enough.
A.as a good player B.as good a player
C.a player so good D.a so good player
B
11.The harder you work, ____.
A. the greater progress you’ll make
B. the greater you’ll make progress
C. you’ll make the greater progress
D. you’ll make greater progress
A
12.Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ___known for his plays.
A. the best B. more
C. better D. the most
C
13.(NMET2001全国) It is generally believed that teaching is ____ it is a science.
A. an art much as
B. much an art as
C. as an art much as
D. as much an art as
D
14.Tom’s handwriting is better than ____.
A. any other student’s handwriting
B.any student’s handwriting else
C.any of the other students
D.any student handwriting
15.Greenland, ____ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers.
A. it is the largest B.that is the largest
C. is the largest D. the largest
A
D
V-ed & V-ing
1. Mr. Smith , ___ of the ____ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
2. It is believed that if a book is ____, it will surely ____ the reader.
A.interested;interest B.interesting,be ～ed
C. interested; be ～ing D. ～ing; interest
A
D
3.___ that he didn’t know what do do.
A. So excited he was
B. So exciting he was
C. So excited was he
D. So exciting was he
C
4. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _____.
A. exhausting B. exhausted
C. being exhausted
D. having exhausted
B
题目演练
1.Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was getting.
A. heavier B. heavy
C. the heavier D. the heaviest
A
2. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not ____ a native speaker.
A.as fluent as B. more fluent than
C.so fluently as D. much fluently than
C
3. That doesn’t sound very frightening, Paul, I’ve seen ____. What did you like most about the film
A. better B. worse
C. best D. worst
B
4.The house rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying _____ here.
A. as three times much
B. as much three times
C. much as three times
D.three times as much
D
5.After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for _____ an hour, thinking of her young and happy days.
A. as long as B. as soon as
C. as much as D. as many as
A
6.All the people ____ at the party were his supporters.
A. present B. thankful
C. interested D. important
A
7.As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, _____.
A. the more for life are you equipped
B. the more equipped for life you are
C. the more life you are equipped for
D. you are equipped the more for life
B
8. The magazine is a(n) _______ number. You can take it out of the reading–room.
A.back B. past
C. old D. former
A
9.Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has ______ IQ.
A. a high B. a higher
C. the higher D. the highest
B
10.
---I’m very ____ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
---Mm, it does have a ____ smell.
A.pleasant,pleased B.pleased,pleased
C.pleasant,pleasant D.pleased,pleasant
D
11.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____, neither of them could swim.
A. In fact B. Luckily
C. Unfortunately D. Naturally
C
12.In recent years travel companies have succeed in selling us the idea that the further we go, ___.
A. our holiday will be better
B. our holiday will be the better
C. the better our holiday will be
D. the better will our holiday be
C
13.According to the new research gardening is a more ____ exercise for older women than jogging or swimming.
A. mental B. physical
C. effective D. efficient
C
14. I would be very ___ if you could give me an early reply.
A. pleasant B. grateful
C. satisfied D. helpful
B
15.He left in such a hurry that I ____ had time to thank him.
A. almost B. even
C. hardly D nearly
16. When you turn on the TV set, clear pictures will ___ appear on the screen.
A.rapidly B.hurriedly
C.lately D.immediately
C
D
17.You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move _____
A. a bit far B.a little farther
C. a bit of farther D. a little far
B
18.There was no news; _____, she did not give up hope.
A. moreover B.therefore
C. but D.nevertheless
D
19.The old man is still in danger. He is __ than he was yesterday.
A.as well as B.not worse
C.no better D.more worse
C
20. Some people like drinking coffee, for it has ____ effects.
A. promoting B. stimulating
C. enhancing D. encouraging
B
21.Would you be ___ do me a favour, please
A. kind enough B. so kind as to
C. so kind to D. kind as to
B