2023年中考英语复习动名词和不定式课件 (共21张PPT)

(共21张PPT)
动名词和不定式
Gerunds动名词
A gerund is a verbal; that is, a word form derived from a verb. Even though they are derived from verbs, verbals perform grammatical functions that real verbs cannot. Gerunds are verbals that act as nouns
动名词是动词性动词;也就是说，从动词衍生出来的词形。尽管动词是由动词衍生而来的，但是动词具有真正的动词所不能具有的语法功能。动名词是充当名词的动词
Gerunds动名词
Moving to a new city is always stressful.
I enjoy listening to music and reading books.
Mentioning this to Barbara would be a big mistake.
Gerunds look identical to present participles (base form of verb + –ing), but they do not act like present participles. In the first sentence, the gerund moving is acting as the noun subject of the
sentence.
动名词看起来和现在分词(动词+ -ing的基本形式)一样，但它们的行为不像现在分词。在第一个句子中，动名词充当句子的名词主语。
Gerunds动名词
Moving is stressful.
subject (noun) linking verb complement (adjective)
In the second sentence, the gerunds listening and reading are direct objects of the verb enjoy.
Gerunds are often part of phrases. Moving to a new city includes the gerund and a prepositional phrase modifying it, but grammatically, it is one unit in the sentence, acting as a subject.
Example Problems
Identify the gerunds in these sentences.
1. Managing the store is becoming a burden for Stella.
Answer: Managing. Becoming is not a gerund; it is part of the present progressive tense verb is becoming.
2. I am looking forward to meeting you in person.
Answer: Meeting. Looking is part of the present progressive verb am looking.
Work Problems
1. (Read) and (write) are vital skills.
2. (Jog) has never been my favorite form of exercise.
3. (Hear) Maya Angelou speak was inspiring.
4. We cannot ask him to help without (alert) him to our plans.
5. Practice (swing) the bat with a fluid motion.
Work Problems
6. He made a living by (repair) antique cars.
7. They do not seem to have time for anything but (drink) and (stay) out late.
8. The manager’s responsibilities are (supervise) employees and (schedule) work shifts.
9. (Decide) what to do with our profits was not difficult.
10. I warned him that (program) the new server would take several days
答案及解析
1. Reading, writing. (For read, add –ing; for write, remove the final e before adding –ing.)
2. Jogging. (Double the consonant because the word has only one syllable.)
3. Hearing. (Add –ing to the base form.)
4. Alerting. (Add –ing to the base form.)
5. Swinging. (Add –ing to the base form.)
答案及解析
6. Repairing. (Add –ing to the base form.)
7. Drinking, staying. (Add –ing to the base form.)
8. Supervising, scheduling. (Remove the final e before adding –ing to the base form.)
9. Deciding. (Remove the final e before adding –ing to the base form.)
10. Programming. (The consonant must be doubled at the end of the base form, program,
when adding –ing or –ed; not all two-syllable words require this, for example: profiting,
debiting.)
Infinitives
Like gerunds, infinitives are verbals that act as nouns.
I wanted to go with you. (To go is the direct object of the verb want.)
To become a ballerina is her greatest ambition. (To become is the subject of the verb is.)
We hope to open our new store soon. (To open is the direct object of the verb hope.)
Infinitives
The pattern for forming infinitives is as follows:
To + base form of the verb
Like gerunds, infinitives are often part of phrases: To become a ballerina is the entire subject of
the second sentence.
Infinitives
Some verbs that take verbal complements must be followed by infinitives.
有些带动词补语的动词必须跟不定式。
The doctor advised her to get treatment quickly.
We expect to sign the agreement soon.
Unfortunately, Mike forgot to give me his phone number.
Infinitives
Typically these are words expressing preference or intent, or giving orders or permission. Some
common examples are as follows:
agree decide permit
allow encourage plan
ask expect prefer
choose forget require
command hope want
intend
However, some verbs take gerund complements, and others can take either a gerund or an in_x0002_finitive depending on the context. Unfortunately, no reliable rules exist for determining what
kind of verb complement is required.
然而，一些动词可以使用动名词补语，而另一些动词可以使用动名词或不定式，这取决于上下文。不幸的是，没有可靠的规则来确定需要什么样的动词补语。
To form the negative of an infinitive, place not in front of the infinitive.
She asked me not to tell you.
Because I was not feeling well, I decided not to go swimming.
Example Problems
Identify the infinitives in these sentences.
1. I plan to fly to New York next week.
Answer: To fly. To New York is a prepositional phrase, not an infinitive. It tells where I
plan to fly.
2. My teacher advised me to take the test so that I can go to college.
Answer: To take. To college is another prepositional phrase.
3. We needed to break the window to get into the house.
Answer: To break, to get. In this sentence, the expression in order could be inserted to
clarify the meaning of the second infinitive: “We needed to break the window in order to
get into the house.”
Work Problems
1. Jiang Li enjoys (read) mystery stories.
2. Someday I want (visit) Moscow.
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3. My saxophone teacher asked me (come) to his performance.
4. Do you like (live) in Seattle
5. They expect (arrive) on time.
Work Problems
6. The coach advised the team (practice) more often.
7. Remind me (buy) a carton of milk.
8. Giorgio hopes (attend) college in the United States.
9. I remember (hear) him say that he loves coconut cream pie.
10. Remember (lock) the door when you leave.
Worked Solutions答案及解析
1. Gerund: Reading.
2. Infinitive: To visit.
3. Infinitive: To come.
4. Gerund: Living.
5. Infinitive: To arrive.
Example Problems答案及解析
6. Infinitive: To practice.
7. Infinitive: To buy.
8. Infinitive: To attend.
9. Gerund: Hearing.
10. Infinitive: To lock.
Thank you !