中考英语全国通用版二轮复习专项二 阅读理解(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
专项二　阅读理解
析考情●把握命题
攻考点●讲透技巧
练考题●把脉中考
阅读理解是通过语篇考查学生综合运用语言能力的综合题型。其考查内容包括文章主旨、细节事实、词义理解、分析和推断能力。纵观全国中考题型，阅读理解的考查基本可以分为三大类题型：1. 判断正误型；2. 阅读还原型；3.短文选择型。其中短文选择题型以多种文体形式体现，常见有应用文、记叙文和说明文，有部分地区也会有议论文。
一、判断正误型
阅读理解判断正误题的一般解题思路是：
1. 阅读原文，捕捉信息，理解大意。先通读原文，捕捉文中所提供的信
息，抓住文章内容概略，理解短文的大意和理清全文脉络。
2. 审读题目，找出相关依据判断。读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每
个待定句子的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落
与词句，然后依据短文内容对试题所给出的句子进行是非判断。
3. 重读全文，逐题复检，检查无误。
二、阅读还原型
阅读还原题型主要考查理解故事情节和事件发展先后顺序以及理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系的能力。针对阅读还原的考查点，我们总结出此类题型的解题步骤及得分技巧，具体如下：
三、短文选择型
短文选择型阅读在问题设置上可总结为四种题型：归纳概括题、细节理解题、语句理解题和推理判断题。下面简要分析这四种题型的解题技巧：
(一)答题步骤
1. 细读选项，巧化关键词，初步排序。
2. 细读文章，逻辑推理，抓住过渡词。
3. 先易后难来解题。
4. 回读文章定答案。
(二)得分技巧
1. 通读全文，了解文章大意。
2. 细读五个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系。
3. 根据文章整体结构、具体内容，并结合关键词，将选项填入文中。
4. 将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
类型 归纳概括题
此类题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次(主题句或主题段)、作者的写作目的等方面，要求考生在准确理解全文后，归纳短文要点，概括中心思想，分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点等。 这类题常见的命题方式有：
1. What is the main idea of this passage
2. What does this passage mainly talk about
3. The main theme of this passage is ____________.
4. The main point of the passage is ____________.
5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
6. The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is ____________．
7. The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is ____________.
8. Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole
领会全文大意，灵活运用判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法，真正理解文章的主题和中心思想。一般而言，英语文章的主题通常反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题。如新闻报道第一段通常是故事的梗概(lead paragraph)。但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中。主题句(topic sentence)常在一段的开头，也有可能在段中或段末。
类型 细节理解题
细节理解题常出现在应用文中， 一般针对某个特定细节而提出问题，难度小，属浅层理解，通读短文后一般能直接找出答题依据。 细节类问题的命题方式有：
1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage
2. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage
3. What is the example of… as described in the passage
4. The author mentions all of the following except…
5. The reason for… is…
6. The author states that…
7. According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc)…
1. 通读全文，领悟大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：数字、日期和时间等；同位语、破折号、括号和省略号等；表示附加说明的词，如：by the way, besides, what's more, in addition to, including, as well as等；倒装句及加强语气的词，如above all, mainly, mostly, certainly, indeed等。
2. 选用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。
类型 语句理解题
要求正确理解短文中一些关键词、短语或句子的含义。常用的手段是利用多种表达法、词的多义性、同近义词语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等。 语句理解类问题的命题方式有：
1. The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to / means ________.
2. What does “________” in paragraph… stand for / mean
3. “________” could best be replaced by which of the following
4. The expression/phrase “________” means ________．
5. The word “________” is closest in meaning to ________．
透彻理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境判断理解，推敲斟酌，最后确定含义。 猜测词义要根据：上下文间意义的联系；同义和反义关系；词的定义；对词的解释和举例以及构词法知识来进行。
(一)2019·吉林
People send birthday greetings by using cards in both eastern and western countries. It is not known when and where exactly the tradition of sending birthday cards began. It is believed that it began in England in the early nineteenth century. In those days people sent birthday cards when they couldn't wish somebody a happy birthday in person.
In 1840 the first stamp was used in Britain and sending birthday cards became easier, cheaper and more popular. The development of color printing processes(工艺流程) in the 1930s also helped to increase sales of birthday cards.
【判断正误型】
Today cards are often given with a present, even when people can express their wishes face to face. In recent times e cards have also become popular. Many people are starting to use e cards instead of traditional cards because they are free, environmentally friendly and easy to arrive. So will e cards take place of paper cards completely in ten or twenty years Probably not. For example, for kids and old people, they don't use e cards very often.
If our birthday is coming soon, do you wish that at least one person could congratulate you with a beautiful card then
根据短文内容，判断下列各句正(T)、误(F)。
(　　 )1. People send birthday cards in different countries.
(　　 )2. The tradition of sending birthday cards began in 　France in the
early 18th century.
(　　 )3. Sending birthday cards became more popular after the stamps
were used.
(　　 )4. We are sure that e cards will take paper cards' place completely
in twenty years.
(　　 )5. Kids and old people often use e cards.
T
F
T
F
F
(二)2019·兰州
Sun Book Store ★20%Off July 5th—July 15th ★Opening hours: 9:00 a.m.—9:30 p.m. ★Address: 66 King Street ★For more details, please call us at 8860858. Moon Flower Store
★50%Off July 25th—Aug 1st
★Opening hours: 9:00 a.m.—6:00 p.m.
★Address: 85 Center Street
★For more details, please call us at 8765569.
　阅读以上信息，根据其内容判断下列各小题的正误。正确的填A，错误的填B。
(　　)1. Sun Book Store is on King Street.
(　　)2. The books are thirty percent off at Sun Book Store.
(　　)3. Lucy's father can order some flowers by calling at 8765998.
(　　)4. The clothes are on sale at Star Clothes Store at 9:10 a. m. on July 20th.
(　　)5. Lucy can buy some toys at good prices at Earth Toy Store on July 16th.
Star Clothes Store ★60%Off July 19th—Aug 6th ★Opening hours: 9:00 a.m. —8:00 p.m. ★Address: 56 Bridge Street ★For more details, please call us at 8765998. Earth Toy Store
★40%Off July 15th—July 21st
★Opening hours: 9:00 a.m.
—5:00 p.m.
★Address: 98 Long Street
★For more details, please
call us at 8769059.
A
B
B
A
A
(一)2019·长沙
阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项补全短文。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Summer is here. One of the best ways to cool off on a hot summer day is to jump into a swimming pool. Swimming is great exercise, and a trip to a pool or beach is a good way to have fun with friends. 1. ，so it's important to stay safe as you do it. Here are a few things you can do to swim safely.
●Swim only in areas set for swimming.
Don't swim unless there is a lifeguard(救生员) on duty. If you're on a beach near the ocean, this is especially important. In some places, fast currents(急流) can sweep swimmers away without warning. So if a sign says “no swimming”， please take care.
【阅读还原型】
C
●Be careful when diving(跳水) into the water headfirst.
Most pools have deep ends where diving is safe. In natural water, don't dive
unless you know that the water is deep enough. 2. ， causing injury(伤害)or death.
●Make sure you have a partner with you.
Nobody knows what will happen while you are swimming. If something goes wrong, you can get help from that person as soon as possible. In this situation, 3. ．
●Pay close attention to children's safety.
Kids who don't know how to swim should wear life jackets. But by themselves they are not enough, 4. If you have a pool at home, put a fence(围栏)around it in case children fall in. And if a child disappears, check the pool first.
E
D
B
A. skilled kids may forget green hands
B. so an adult should always be present
C. But swimming can also be dangerous
D. a few seconds can make a big difference
E. Or you could hit your head on the bottom
(二)2019·广州
阅读短文及文后A～E选项，选出可以填入1～5各题空白处的最佳选项。
Smoke alarms(报警器)
House fires cause many deaths each year and a large number of these fires are unfortunately set by children. 1. Kids must understand that they'd better not play with fire. You should keep matches and lighters out of their reach.
2． The main job of such an alarm is to protect you while you're asleep. You should have a smoke alarm outside each bedroom and on each floor of your home. You ought to have two plans for getting out of your house if there is a fire and practise these plans in the dark with your family.
D
E
A smoke alarm warns you of the danger. 3. Take action immediately. When you come to a closed door, check it with the back of your hand. If it feels hot, there may be smoke or fire behind the door, so take care. Once you are out of your house, call the fire department from a neighbor's house. If a family member or a pet is caught inside, you shouldn't go back in. Firemen know how to perform rescues safely.
4． Change the batteries at least once a year. You should use the test button each month to see if the alarm and batteries are still working. A smoke alarm lasts about ten years. You ought to change it even if it seems to be working.
B
C
A. Most of these deaths can be avoided.
B. But when you hear it, you don't have much time.
C. A smoke alarm is only good if it's working properly.
D. So, it's important to teach them that fire is a tool, not a toy.
E. A smoke alarm greatly reduces your chances of being hurt in a fire.
About two out of three fire deaths happen in homes with no working smoke alarms. 5. .
A
Fairs & Festivals 集市与节日
This summer from June to August, there is something to
celebrate in Colorado, USA：the arts, culture, food, and
music. Because of that, families always have a fair or
festival to attend, with fun for all ages. We've made a list
of some of the most popular, by month.
June 6～20，2019
Dragon Boat Festival
Learn about Chinese culture in Colorado through dragon boat races, performances and vendors of Chinese specialties (rice dumplings，silk clothes and chopsticks)．
cdbf.org
一、应用文
(一)2019·上海
【短文选择型】
(　 　)1. The fairs and festivals take place in ______.
A. USA B. China C. Britain D. Italy
(　 　)2. The underlined word “vendors” in the list means “people who ______”.
A. cook foods B. sell things
C. make clothes D. give performances
June 25～28, 2019 Fun Fair Enjoy unlimited rides, live music, fireworks, traditional activities, and farm animals. Aug.3～4, 2019 Culture Festival
Take part in and observe traditional British games, hear music, and try traditional foods.
britishgames.org
July 31～Aug.4, 2019 Kids' Fair Hear music, play with farm animals, and enjoy activities for kids. kidsfair. org Aug.15～18, 2019 Fruit Festival
Try something fruity(eating & learning to cook with fruits).

A
B
(　 　)3. If you want to play with animals in June, you may go to______.
A. Dragon Boat Festival B. Kids' Fair
C. Fruit Festival D. Fun Fair
(　 　)4. In the Fruit Festival, you may learn to ______.
A. pick up fruits B. grow fruit trees
C. make fruit jams D. store fruits
(　 　)5. Local people who are interested in foreign culture can visit______for
further information.
A. B. kidsfair.org
C. D. britishgames.org
(　 　)6. The list above is aimed at ______.
A. giving introductions of companies
B. providing information on activities
C. offering resources for job hunting
D. helping schools to organize fairs
D
C
D
B
LAUGH YOUR HEAD OFF！！！
If you are a huge fan of stand up comedy(脱口秀), you'll have an amazing afternoon at EZ Comedy Club!
The greatest live show ever is coming to town!
Do you want to be part of the live audience(观众)
Recording Time
Friday, July 12th, 2019
Recording Location(位置)
361, 3rd Ave, New Haven, CT
How to join the audience
Please email us the following information at：
ezccaudience2019@
Name, ID number, phone number, one recent photo.
PS: Please check your inbox for our email.
Please show this email to the ticket office.
(二)2019·长沙
(　 　)1. If you are accepted as part of the audience by EZ Comedy Club，
you can ______.
A. perform there
B. watch a live show
C. record your own comedies
(　 　)2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the poster(海报)
A. The host of the show.
B. The way to join the audience.
C. Recording time and location.
(　 　)3. We can infer(推断) from the poster that the show could be ______.
A. very serious　　　　　
B. quite funny
C. kind of boring
B
A
B
二、记叙文
2019·南京
Scene 1
(The setting is a room in the palace of the Queen of Sheba. The Queen sits at one end of the room on a chair. Zahrah stands on one side of the chair. Amram is showing some silks to the Queen.)
Amram：Would your Majesty be good enough to feel this silk See how fine
and soft it is!
(Amram comes a little closer to the Queen and holds out some
purple silk. She feels it.)
Queen：Yes, it is. And I like this bright purple color very much. (She turns to
Zahrah.) Zahrah, what do you think of it
Zahrah：I like it very much，and it is a good color for a queen, your Majesty.
(She folds up the silk and puts it to one side.)
Amram：The king of my own country, the wise King Solomon, likes this
bright purple better than any other color.
Queen：I have heard many things about your king.
Amram：He is a good king, your Majesty, and a kind man. All his people love him.
Queen：I have also heard that he is very wise. Is it true, Amram, that King Solomon
understands what animals say
Amram：It is true, your Majesty.
Queen (Smiles)：It's very hard to believe.
Amram：If I told you what happened one time when I was with the king, I think
you would believe it.
Queen：I'd like to hear your story.
Amram：Well, one day our king and some men of his palace were riding on
horseback to a nearby city. The king was riding ahead of the rest of us.
All at once he pulled his horse to stop. He looked down at the sand in the
road.
Queen：Go on.
Amram：Then the king turned his horse off the road and onto the grass. He kept
his horse on the grass a little way before turning back onto the road.
Queen：Did he say why he stopped and then turned his horse off the road
Amram：King Solomon told us he had seen some ants hurrying along in the
sand of the road. He said he had heard them say they were afraid that
the horses would walk on them.
Queen (Surprised)：And that was why your mighty king turned off the road
Amram (Proud)：Yes, your Majesty. The mighty King Solomon stopped to hear
what the little ants in the sand were saying. He turned off the road to
save them from being hurt.
Queen：Then he must be as wise and as kind as people say he is.
Amram：Now you can believe it, can't you
Queen：I won't fully believe it until I see and hear him myself, Amram.
Amram：Then why don't you come to our country and pay him a visit, your
Majesty
Queen：Yes, I think I shall do that, Amram. But first I must think of a way to
test this wise king. You may go now, Amram.
Amram：Good day, your Majesty. (He backs away.)
(Curtain)
(　 　)1. Where does this scene take place
A. On the way to a city. B. In a room of a palace.
C. In the sand of a road. D. On the grass near a road.
(　 　)2. Amram told the story of his king to show______.
A. King Solomon is wise and kind
B. King Solomon is afraid of ants
C. King Solomon looks after his horse well
D. King Solomon can talk to animals
B
A
(　 　)3. King Solomon turned his horse off the road because______.
A. there was sand in the way
B. the horse needed to have a rest
C. he wanted to enjoy the beauty there
D. he wanted to avoid hurting the ants
(　 　)4.Which of the following words is used to help readers know the
feeling of the Queen
A. Fine. B. Surprised.
C. Proud. D. Afraid.
(　 　)5. What may happen next according to Scene 1
A．Amram will refuse to leave the Queen's palace.
B．Zahrah will certainly keep the purple silk for herself.
C．King Solomon will test whether Amram's story is true.
D．The Queen will pay a visit to King Solomon's country.
D
B
D
三、说明文
2019·河北
What are you holding in your hand while you are taking the examination Right. A pen.
Though it is small, the pen has changed the history, improved the trade of countries, recorded events, carried news, and done far more work for human beings than all other tools.
Progress without it would have been almost impossible. The invention of the wheels, the introduction of steam engine(蒸汽机), the use of electricity, all these have changed the lives of millions of people, but the pen has done more. It has taken away mountains, and it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society.
In the past the pen did all the work if you wanted to keep any writing for some time. The lawyers took up their pens and wrote the law of the country from the days when papyrus(纸莎草纸) was first used. The most famous lettersin the world were written with a pen. It was with a pen that the greatest thinkers of all time wrote down their thoughts.
The pen is very utilitarian. We cannot sign a bill or write a letter or buy a house without our pen. An agreement is worthless till our name is written with a pen. The writers encourage the world with it. The students take their examinations with it as well.
Our coming into the world is recorded with a pen. Before we have been at school, our name is written on the name list with a pen. We cannot be married till we have signed. A pen records the important events in our life.
Let us remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful instrument which man owns. The pen is a magic tool. Whenever you use it, enjoy it.
(　 　)1. What is the writer trying to do in this passage
A. Describe what a pen looks like.
B. Introduce the history of the pen.
C. Advise people to prepare a new pen.
D. Show the importance of the pen.
D
(　 　)2. The word “mountains” in the third paragraph refers to(指代)
“something to ______”．
A. explain the use of electricity
B. lower the students' scores
C. stop the social development
D. change the law of the country
(　 　)3. The lawyers started to write the law of the country ______.
A. before their thoughts were changed
B. when papyrus was first used
C. as soon as they recorded their names
D. after they took an important exam
C
B
(　 　)4. The underlined word “utilitarian” in the passage means“______”．
A. cheap B. boring C. special D. useful
(　 　)5. What is the best title for this passage
A. A Powerful Tool B. An Important Law
C. A Valuable Record D. An Exciting Event
D
A
四、议论文
2019·长沙
Recently, a junior high school sent several
students back home because they broke the school
uniform(校服) rules. Should students wear school
uniforms The YoungWorld magazine held a discussion
on this topic(话题)．
Kennedy: The school uniform is very important, because it always reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my way to study hard. It also helps prevent school bullying(欺凌). If everyone wears the same clothes, it is impossible to laugh at other people's clothing.
Manson: The uniform has to be earned(获得) through efforts. Students should start school with no uniforms. As they make progress at school, they start wearing it. I always think children need to be proud of their school. The uniform is important for that. So, make students earn it! If they don't perform
well, they should not be allowed to get one.
Moorhead: In my opinion, kids don't have to wear uniforms. There should be more choices open to kids in education. They ought to develop their own independence and just be themselves. Their personalities would be expressed through their own clothes at school. And different dress could be one way of showing their understanding of beauty. Besides, they make the school lively and colorful.
Patrick: I can see the advantages of wearing school uniforms. They play a very important role in managing schools. However, a school should not depend heavily on uniforms to improve students' behaviors. Teaching them how to express themselves with confidence(信心) is more important.
(　 　)1. What does the writer mean to do in Paragraph 1
A. Present an opinion on a subject.
B. Introduce a topic for discussion.
C. Provide a way to solve problems.
(　 　)2. What is Kennedy in the second paragraph
A. A student.　 B. A teacher.　 C. A parent.
B
A
(　 　)3. In Manson's opinion, ______.
A. students have the right to get school uniforms for free
B. students should be encouraged to earn school uniforms
C. students performing well needn't wear school uniforms
(　 　)4. According to Patrick, what is more important
A. Managing schools by uniforms.
B. Improving students' behaviors.
C. Helping students express themselves confidently.
(　 　)5. We can learn from the text that ______.
A. Kennedy can't stand school uniforms
B. Moorhead is against school uniform rules
C. the writer holds the same opinion as Patrick's
B
C
B