2024届高考英语虚拟语气总结学案（含答案）

【英语虚拟语气专项语法总结】
虚拟语气是英语中一种表达假设、愿望、建议、要求和怀疑等非现实情况的语法结构。在虚拟语气中，动词形式会发生变化，常见的有虚拟条件句、虚拟假设句和虚拟愿望句。
虚拟条件句:
虚拟条件句表示与现实相反、假设的情况。它有三种形式：
对过去的假设：
If + 过去完成时，would/could/should/might + 现在完成时（have + 过去分词）
例句：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
对现在的假设：
If + 过去时，would/could/should/might + 现在时
例句：If it rained, we would stay at home.
对将来的假设：
If + 过去时，would/could/should/might + 动词原形
例句：If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
虚拟假设句:
虚拟假设句表示对现在或将来情况的假设、推测、猜测或意愿。它有以下形式：
对现在的假设：
主语 + 过去式动词（be动词用were） + 动词原形
例句：I wish I were a bird.
对将来的假设：
主语 + 过去式动词（be动词用were） + to + 动词原形
例句：I wish he were to arrive on time.
表达建议和要求：
(should) + 动词原形
例句：I suggest that you (should) study harder.
虚拟愿望句:
虚拟愿望句表示对过去、现在或将来情况的愿望，常用表示遗憾、无法实现等情感。它有以下形式：
对过去的愿望：
主语 + 过去完成时，(but) + 主语 + hadn't/ hadn't been + 过去分词
例句：I wish I had taken the opportunity.
对现在的愿望：
主语 + 过去式（be动词用were） + 动词原形
例句：I wish I were rich.
对将来的愿望：
主语 + would/could/should/might + 动词原形
例句：I wish I could go there tomorrow.
【练习题1】
根据上述虚拟语气的语法总结，完成以下练习题，并标注正确答案：
1. If she harder, she a higher score on the exam.
a) studied, could have got
b) had studied, could have gotten
c) had studied, could get
d) studies, can get
Answer: b) had studied, could have gotten
2. I wish I taller.
a) were
b) am
c) will be
d) be
Answer: a) were
3. If I free tomorrow, I to the beach.
a) am, will go
b) were, would go
c) will be, go
d) had been, would have gone
Answer: b) were, would go
4. I suggest that he earlier next time.
a) leaves
b) would leave
c) leave
d) left
Answer: c) leave
5. I wish I their wedding ceremony. It was so beautiful.
a) attended
b) have attended
c) had attended
d) will attend
Answer: c) had attended
6. If I a billionaire, I a luxurious mansion.
a) am, would buy
b) were, would buy
c) will be, will buy
d) had been, would have bought
Answer: b) were, would buy
7. I wish I to the party last night, but I was busy with work.
a) go
b) went
c) have gone
d) had gone
Answer: d) had gone
8. If he the lottery, he a world tour.
a) wins, will take
b) won, would take
c) will win, takes
d) had won, would have taken
Answer: b) won, would take
9. I suggest that she the meeting on time.
a) attends
b) attended
c) will attend
d) would attend
Answer: a) attends
10. I wish I a good voice, then I could become a singer.
a) have
b) had
c) will have
d) would have
Answer: b) had
11. If they more funding, they able to expand their business.
a) have, are
b) had, would be
c) will have, will be
d) had had, would have been
Answer: b) had, would be
12. I wish he me the truth.
a) told
b) tell
c) tells
d) has told
Answer: a) told
13. If I you, I for a job in that company.
a) am, apply
b) were, would apply
c) will be, will apply
d) have been, would have applied
Answer: b) were, would apply
14. I suggest that we a vacation together next month.
a) take
b) took
c) will take
d) would take
Answer: a) take
15. I wish he more effort into his studies.
a) puts
b) put
c) will put
d) would put
Answer: b) put
【练习题2】
填空题：
If I _______ a superhero, I _______ the world a better place.
Answer: were, would make
I wish she _______ me about the party earlier.
Answer: had told
If they _______ harder, they _______ the championship.
Answer: had worked, would have won
I suggest that he _______ his phone during the meeting.
Answer: not use
I wish I _______ more time to finish the project.
Answer: had
选择题：
It is important that they _______ to the instructions carefully.
a) listen
b) listened
c) will listen
d) would listen
Answer: a) listen
If she _______ more experience, she _______ a better chance of getting the job.
a) has, will have
b) had, would have
c) will have, has
d) had had, would have had
Answer: b) had, would have
I suggest that they _______ for the exam in advance.
a) study
b) studied
c) will study
d) would study
Answer: a) study
I wish they _______ more attention to detail.
a) pay
b) paid
c) will pay
d) would pay
Answer: b) paid
If he _______ his dream job, he _______ happier.
a) gets, will be
b) got, would be
c) will get, is
d) had gotten, would have been
Answer: b) got, would be
It is important that she _______ the meeting on time.
a) attends
b) attended
c) will attend
d) would attend
Answer: a) attends
If I _______ you, I _______ the same decision.
a) am, will make
b) were, would make
c) will be, am making
d) had been, would have made
Answer: b) were, would make
I suggest that we _______ a vacation next month.
a) take
b) took
c) will take
d) would take
Answer: a) take
I wish he _______ me the truth.
a) told
b) tell
c) tells
d) has told
Answer: a) told
If they _______ the concert, they _______ a great time.
a) attend, will have
b) attended, would have
c) will attend, have
d) had attended, would have had
Answer: b) attended, would have