人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land单元易错综合练习（含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land单元易错综合练习（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-06-24 14:40:27 | ||
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Unit 5 单元易错综合练习
(考试时间： 120 分钟 试卷满分： 150 分)
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考 证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动， 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4 ．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共 30 分，略)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Experience College at Harvard
Challenge yourself in college-level academics. Meet new friends from around the world. Strengthen your college application. And, build important life skills that can make your future college experience a success.
Pre-College Program
An intense and exciting glimpse into the college experience. During this intensive two-week program, you will take the first steps toward your college journey alongside a diverse group of exceptional high school students.
Challenge yourself in a college course taught by Harvard faculty and affiliates, without the pressure of grades.
Engage with your peers in structured co-curricular activities, college readiness workshops, and social events.
Two weeks, non-credit
Secondary School Program
Immerse yourself in college life for seven weeks! In this dynamic seven-week program, you can earn college credit while experiencing firsthand what it’s really like to be a college student.
Choose one or two college-level classes that delve deeply into subjects that really excite you and may not be offered in high school.
Prepare for the future as you experience what it’s really like to balance responsibility with independence in one of three program formats – online, commuting, or residential.
Seven weeks, college credit
Application is now open for both high school programs! See program calendars for important dates and
deadlines.
To get our updates, join our mailing list for helpful information and important deadlines. Start your education journey today!
1 ．What can we learn about the two programs
A ．All the learning activities take place online.
B ．They are required procedures for college application.
C ．They challenge the students with college-level courses.
D ．Students can earn college credits after learning the two programs.
2 ．According to this passage, applicants can ________.
A ．start to apply for both programs now
B ．pay for the program calendars from today
C ．apply for the programs throughout the year
D ．download a mailing list to get helpful updates
3 ．What is the purpose of this passage
A ．To raise money for Harvard Summer Programs.
B ．To show the diverse courses in Harvard University.
C ．To share the college learning experience with readers.
D ．To introduce Harvard Summer Programs for high school students.
B
Nearly two years after the COVID- 19 outbreak, China has granted approval to its first antibody combination therapy for COVID- 19 treatment, adding a tool to the world’s fight against the disease.
A team from Tsinghua University, along with the Shenzhen People’s Hospital, has accomplished the task in 20 months. It would usually take 10 years. “It can reduce the rate of hospitalization and death by 80 percent,” said Zhang Linqi, leader of the research team.
The new antibody drug is immediately effective after being used. Moreover, the therapy can protect people, especially those whose physical condition doesn’t allow vaccination (接种疫苗), from becoming infected (感染) by COVID- 19 for around 9 to 12 months, said Zhang.
How does it work When a virus infects a cell, it relies on an important type of protein: the spike proteins (棘 突蛋白) on its surface. The spike proteins serve as a key to unlocking a cell. If a virus cannot enter a cell, it will disappear immediately. The job of our antibodies is to block the virus from entering cells. So its target is very precise. In addition, thanks to the coordination between the two antibodies, it is highly efficient in preventing the virus,
according to Zhang. The qualities of the new drug make it especially useful for high-risk groups, such as frontline
medical workers and people not suitable for vaccination due to various underlying health problems. The new drug is expected to come to the market soon, but it’s not cheap. That’s because of limited production.
Noting that China has used science and technology to fight COVID- 19 since the beginning of the outbreak, Zhang said, “Science is the key to solving the issue. Science has shown its power in all sectors, from medical treatment, medicine and vaccine development to prevention and control measures.”
4 ．What can we know about the new therapy according to paragraph 1 and paragraph 2
A ．It’s the first way to treat COVID- 19.
B ．It dramatically improves the survival rate of patients.
C ．It takes researchers 10 years to develop the new drug.
D ．It was developed by the team from one of China’s top universities.
5 ．Which statement does the author probably agree with
A ．Only medical workers can take this drug.
B ．Antibodies stop spike proteins entering a cell.
C ．The new drug takes effect after a period of use.
D ．The new drug can protect people from infection for life.
6 ．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A ．It is easy to produce the drug.
B ．The new drug has been put into use.
C ．Zhang thought highly of the power of science.
D ．China is the first country to use technology to fight disease.
7 ．Where does the text probably come from
A ．A textbook.
B ．An educational magazine.
C ．A medical journal.
D ．A tourist guide.
C
A groundbreaking new study finds that coffee beans are bigger and more plentiful when birds and bees team up to protect and pollinate (授粉) coffee plants.
Without these winged helpers, some traveling thousands of miles, coffee farmers would see a 25% drop in crops, a loss of roughly $1,066 per acre of coffee. That’s important for the $26 billion coffee industry — including consumers, farmers, and corporations who depend on nature’s unpaid labor — but the research goes beyond that.
The study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is the first to show, using real-world
experiments at 30 coffee farms, that the contributions of nature — in this case, bee pollination combined with pest (害虫) control by birds — are larger than their individual contributions.
“Until now, researchers have typically calculated the benefits of nature separately, and then simply added them up, which actually underestimates the benefits biodiversity provides to agriculture and human wellbeing,” says lead expert Alejandra. “But nature is an interacting system, full of important synergies (协同). We show the ecological and economic importance of these interactions in one of the first experiments in actual farms.”
For the experiment, researchers dealt with coffee plants across 30 farms, excluding birds and bees with a combination of large nets and small bags. They tested four key situations: bird activity alone, bee activity alone, no bird or bee activity at all, and finally, a natural environment, where bees and birds were free to pollinate and eat insects like the coffee berry borer, one of the most damaging pests affecting coffee production worldwide. The combined positive effects of birds and bees on fruit set, fruit weight and fruit uniformity — key factors in quality and price — were greater than their individual effects, the study shows.
“Birds, bees, and millions of other species support our lives and livelihoods, but face threats like habitat destruction and climate change,” says Alejandra. “One important reason we measure these contributions is to help protect the many species that we depend on, and sometimes take for granted.”
8 ．What does the new research focus on
A ．Ways to increase coffee production.
B ．Winged helpers’ effects on coffee plants.
C ．Factors affecting coffee plants’ pollination.
D ．The importance of pest control on coffee plants.
9 ．Which of the following is a major boost to the coffee industry
A ．High-quality service. B ．Government intervention.
C ．Expanding investment. D ．Maintaining biodiversity.
10 ．How did the researchers conduct the tests according to paragraph 5
A ．By introducing a concept. B ．By making comparisons.
C ．By explaining statistical data. D ．By referring to a previous study.
11 ．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A ．Advertisement. B ．Health. C ．Science. D ．Travel.
D
Bicycle riding has taken the world by storm. Bicycles are typically made of steel or aluminum (铝) but now there is a unique company that is growing bikes on trees, literally. These bicycles are made of British grown ash
trees by Welsh maker Andy Dix. His Hay-on-Wye company, Twmpa Frames, is making bikes that are of high
performance and environmentally sustainable.
“It’s great to push for more bikes and fewer cars on the road, but there’s no escaping the fact that the bike industry as a whole is pretty energy intensive,” Dix told Cycling Industry, “I’ve always tried to minimize environmental impact in my work. Rather than relying on heavily-processed metals, or layers of plastic that will one day end up in landfill, I’m building bikes from captured carbon, in a process powered by sunlight.”
It took two years to build the prototype (雏形) that was made from ash wood. Dix tested the wooden bike on the roughest roads he could find and discovered that it was comfortable, durable, and excellent at absorbing shakes. He put more than 3,000 miles on the bike. Dix explained, “I was running along battered roads that would have shaken me to bits on a aluminum bike. The penny dropped. Not only could I make a bike out of wood, but it had inherent advantages over other materials.”
Though cutting down trees can add to more carbon in the atmosphere, sustainable tree farming is possible. Dix said that manufacturing a British tonne of aluminum results in carbon emissions of 4,532 kg while producing a tonne of wood only emits 457 kg. Currently, the cost of a new Twmpa Cycle is out-of-reach for many bicycle riders; but the idea of using sustainable materials like ash trees could start a new cycling revolution that puts the environment first. Helping the environment could be just a pedal away.
12 ．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about
A ．The materials for building bikes. B ．The driving force for wooden bikes.
C ．The problems with cycling industry. D ．The process of building wooden bikes.
13 ．What does the underlined part “The penny dropped” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A ．The truth came out. B ．Money was missing.
C ．The bike broke down. D ．The efforts were in vain.
14 ．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A ．Logging trees is a wrong practice.
B ．Developing sustainable forestry is a must.
C ．Carbon emission calls for urgent attention.
D ．The wooden bike does more good than harm.
15 ．Which of the following is a suitable title of the text
A ．Less Carbon, More Sustainable B ．Amazing Bikes Grow on Trees
C ．No Innovation, No Development D ．Amusing Bike Riding Is Taking off
第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Did you know that Albert Einstein didn’t speak at all for the first 3 years of his life People thought he was
lazy and unintelligent. But he never gave up and he pushed through adversity to become one of the most brilliant minds of all time. You don’t have to be a physics genius to overcome adversity in your own life, but it’s easy to feel overwhelmed sometimes. ____ 16____
A positive mind can make overcoming adversity easier. ____ 17____ While it’s true that you need to be realistic and see things clearly, if you view everything with a negative mind, you’ll only see the bad things. Push out pessimistic thoughts and attitudes so you can focus on finding ways to keep pushing through adversity.
____ 18____ It can help you give yourself feedback about your life, help you better understand your current situation, and help you think outside the box and find solutions to problems you’re dealing with. Try to spend a few minutes each day writing down whatever emotions, feelings, or thoughts come to mind. Write about things that were difficult or that you’re struggling with so you can think about potential solutions.
Preparing yourself for adversity can make it easier to deal with. Adversity is pretty much a necessary in life, especially if you’re working toward a big goal. The key is to keep pushing in the face of it. ____ 19____ Expect to have to deal with setbacks and difficulties and keep faith that you can overcome any adversity that comes your way.
You can learn a lot from others about how to deal with adversity. Look to historical figures who survived and dealt with extraordinary adversity such as Helen Keller or Franklin Roosevelt. You can also look around you at people in your life who have dealt with adversity, such as friends, family members, or colleagues. ____20____ A ．Use adversity to learn and improve yourself.
B ．Writing down your thoughts can help you stay focused.
C ．Try to remain optimistic whenever you’re faced with a difficult situation.
D ．There are some ideas you can use to find a better way to deal with adversity.
E ．Emotions aren’t necessarily a bad thing, but they can make you unreasonable.
F ．It’s safe to assume that you’re going to face some struggles, so mentally prepare for it.
G ．Use their success stories as inspiration to help you keep pushing back against adversity.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Diebedo Francis Kcre is a young architect from Africa. There was no ___21___ school when Mr. Kere was growing up in Gando, one of the world's poorest countries. Since childhood he had alrendy had a keen sense of ___22___ .His family sent him away to school at the age of seven and he did not ___23___ them. He won a scholarship from the German government and went to study in Germany.
___24___ still studying for his architecture degree in Berlin, Mr. Kere learned that the school building in his
hometown was on the point of ___25___ . The school had been built some years previously. ___26___ to share with
his village the advantages that ___27___ had given him. Mr. Kere launched the School Bricks for Gando project and ___28___ raising money needed to build a school.
Opened in 2001, the school now ___29___ more than 300 pupils. The school not only _____30_____education for the village children, but is used to pass on new skills and _____31_____ to the entire village.
" Africa is full of very bright and _____32_____ young people. But only through _____33_____ to education will they be able to build themselves a better world. For me, Gando School is a _____34_____ because the villagers
no longer see it as a waste of time for their children to be in school _____35_____ working in the fields."Kere said.
21 ．A ．art B ．medical C ．business D ．local
22 ．A ．loss B ．occasion C ．responsibility D ．family
23 ．A ．blame B ．disappoint C ．cheat D ．trouble
24 ．A ．While B ．Although C ．Whenever D ．Since
25 ．A ．sale B ．opening C ．collapse D ．exchange
26 ．A ．Determined B ．Reminded C ．Asked D ．Encouraged
27 ．A ．poverty B ．courage C ．fortune D ．education
28 ．A ．set about B ．insisted on C ．picked up D ．looked into
29 ．A ．monitors B ．feeds C ．advises D ．counts
30 ．A ．changes B ．funds C ．provides D ．spares
31 ．A ．tradition B ．knowledge C ．wealth D ．freedom
32 ．A ．generous B ．patient C ．modest D ．capable
33 ．A ．devotion B ．access C ．tendency D ．application
34 ．A ．treat B ．term C ．success D ．promise
35 ．A ．instead of B ．except for C ．thanks to D ．far from
第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1. 5 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the International Conference on Food Loss and Waste closed on Saturday in Jinan, Shandong Province, the country has sent a signal to ____36____ world that China will deal with issues concerning food security by reducing loss and waste in agriculture. With the theme of reducing food loss and food waste and promoting ____37____ (globe) food security, the three-day event ____38____ (hold) both online and offline attracted more than 300 participants.
The current world grain production is about 2.8 billion tons a year. Therefore, the loss of only one percentage
____39____ (be) equal to the loss of 28 million tons of food. This can feed about 70 million people.
In recent years, China ____40____ (make) great progress in controlling loss and waste in food, with main efforts including upgrading facilities and ____41____ (equip). In Shandong Province, China’s major grain producer, the Sinograin ( 中 粮 集 团 ) grain storage site is equipped with 4,500 high-definition cameras and 280,000 temperature sensors ____42____ (ensure) that the stock (储备) is in the best condition. Data shows that during China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020) , about 13 million tons of food had been saved ____43____ (year) after production.
We cannot end hunger ____44____ we do not deal with the high levels of food loss and waste. Cooperation and innovations ( 创新) in business models, technologies and digital solutions could all contribute ____45____ reducing food loss and waste.
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分 40 分)
第一节(满分 15 分)
46．食品安全对我们来说是非常重要的，我们怎样才能使食品安全呢？请以食品安全(Food Safety) 为主 题，写一篇短文。词数 100 左右。
1.食品安全的重要性。
2.保证食品安全的措施。
3.提出倡议。
第二节(满分 25 分)
47 ．读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
For many years I have been feeling pity for orphans(孤儿). They lack the love of their parents and need the love and help of others. So I am doing what I can to help them. I visited them many times to experience their daily life.
Three years ago I even lived with the orphans on the street. These kids would mostly beg through the day to buy some food for themselves or eat the food given to them by the people passing by. One unusual incident happened during my second week of staying with them on the sidewalk.
I sat with them and shared the meal I had bought for them from a nearby restaurant. They sat with me in a circle and happily started eating. Suddenly one of them, a twelve-year-old boy, caught my hand, looked at me and removed my watch, and I continued eating the meal without turning around to see where the little boy ran with my watch.
After about forty-five minutes he showed up and sat beside me again. I just looked at him and smiled without saying anything about the watch. The little boy took a small packet from his pocket, opened it, had a bite of the bread and offered the same bread to me. I took it and ate it willingly. As soon as I finished eating the bread, a smile
appeared on his face. Slowly he put his hand in his pocket and returned my watch. I smiled at him and wore my
watch once again. The little boy later on told me that I passed the test.
Paragraph 1:
I was a little surprised and asked him what test I passed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Then I asked him why he gave me food to eat.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1 ．C
2 ．A
3 ．D
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了哈佛体验学院的两个项目的详细信息
1．细节理解题。根据 Pre-College Program 中的“ Challenge yourself in a college course taught by Harvard faculty and affiliates, without the pressure of grades. ( 在哈佛大学教授的课程中挑战自己，没有分数的压力。 )” 和 Secondary School Program 中的“ Choose one or two college-level classes that delve deeply into subjects that really excite you and may not be offered in high school. ( 选择一到两门大学水平的课程， 深入研究那些真正让 你兴奋的、高中可能不会提供的科目。 )”可知，这两个项目都用大学水平的课程挑战学生。故选 C。
2．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Application is now open for both high school programs! (现在两所高中的项目 申请都开放了。 )”可知，申请人可以现在开始申请两个项目。故选 A。
3．
推理判断题。阅读全文以及标题 Experience College at Harvard (哈佛体验学院)和第一段 Challenge yourself incollege-level academics.Meet new friends from around the world.Strengthen your college application.And, buildimportant life skills that can make your future college experience a success.(在大学水平的学术中挑战自己。 认识来自世界各地的新朋友。加强你的大学申请。此外,培养重要的生活技能,使你未来的大学生活获得成 功。)可知本文主要介绍了哈佛体验学院的两个项目的详细信息,可推断，本文的目的是为高中学生介绍哈 佛暑期项目。故选 D。
4 ．B
5 ．B
6 ．C
7 ．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是中国批准的首个用于治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的抗体联合疗法及该疗法 的原理和作用。
4．
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句““It can reduce the rate of hospitalization and death by 80 percent,” said Zhang
Linqi, leader of the research team. (“它可以将住院率和死亡率降低 80% ，”研究小组组长张林奇说)”可知， 这种新疗法可以将住院率和死亡率降低 80%，换句话说，新疗法显著提高了患者的存活率。故选 B 项。
5．
推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“How does it work When a virus infects a cell, it relies on an important type of protein: the spike proteins (刺突蛋白) on its surface. The spike proteins serve as a key to unlocking a cell. If a virus cannot enter a cell, it will disappear immediately. The job of our antibodies is to block the virus from entering cells. (它是如何产生作用的？当病毒感染细胞时，它依赖于一种重要的蛋白质：其表面的刺突蛋白。刺突 蛋白是解锁细胞的钥匙。如果病毒不能进入细胞，它会立即消失。我们的抗体的作用是阻止病毒进入细 胞)”可知，病毒感染细胞时依赖于刺突蛋白，抗体阻止病毒进入细胞，也就是说抗体可以阻止刺突蛋白进 入细胞。由此可知，作者可能同意“抗体阻止刺突蛋白进入细胞”这一说法。故选 B 项。
6．
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Noting that China has used science and technology to fight COVID- 19 since the beginning of the outbreak, Zhang said, “Science is the key to solving the issue. Science has shown its power in all sectors, from medical treatment, medicine and vaccine development to prevention and control measures.” (张指 出， 自疫情爆发以来，中国一直在利用科学技术抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎，他说：“科学是解决这一问题的 关键。从医疗、药物和疫苗开发到预防和控制措施， 科学在各个领域都显示出了其影响力。 ”)”可知， 张认 为科学是解决疫情的关键， 在各个领域都显示出了其影响力。由此可知， 张高度评价了科学的力量。故选 C 项。
7．
推理判断题。通读文章，结合第一段内容“Nearly two years after the COVID- 19 outbreak, China has granted approval to its first antibody combination therapy for COVID- 19 treatment, adding a tool to the world’s fight against the disease. (在新型冠状病毒肺炎爆发近两年后， 中国批准了首个用于治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的抗体联合疗 法，为世界抗击该疾病增添了一个工具)”可知，本文主要介绍的是中国批准的首个用于治疗新型冠状病毒 肺炎的抗体联合疗法及该疗法的原理和作用。由此可知， 这是一篇和医疗相关的文章， 最有可能出自一本 医学杂志。故选 C 项。
8 ．B
9 ．D
10 ．B
11 ．C
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。一项突破性的新研究发现， 当鸟类和蜜蜂合作保护咖啡树并为其授粉时， 咖啡豆会更 大、更丰富。
8．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Without these winged helpers, some traveling thousands of miles, coffee farmers would see a 25% drop in crops, a loss of roughly $1,066 per acre of coffee. That’s important for the $26 billion coffee industry — including consumers, farmers, and corporations who depend on nature’s unpaid labor — but the research goes beyond that. (如果没有这些带翅膀的帮手，有些需要长途跋涉数千英里，咖啡农的收成将下降 25% ， 每英亩咖啡的损失约为 1066 美元。这对价值 260 亿美元的咖啡产业来说很重要——包括依赖大自然无偿 劳动的消费者、农民和企业——但研究的范围不止于此)”可知，新研究关注的是长翅膀的帮手对咖啡树的 影响。故选 B。
9．
细节理解题。根据第四段““Until now, researchers have typically calculated the benefits of nature separately, and then simply added them up, which actually underestimates the benefits biodiversity provides to agriculture and human wellbeing,” says lead expert Alejandra. (“到目前为止，研究人员通常单独计算自然的好处，然后简单 地把它们加起来，这实际上低估了生物多样性对农业和人类福祉的好处，”首席专家 Alejandra 说)”可知， 维护生物多样性是对咖啡产业的重大推动。故选 D。
10．
推理判断题。根据第五段“For the experiment, researchers dealt with coffee plants across 30 farms, excluding birds and bees with a combination of large nets and small bags. They tested four key situations: bird activity alone, bee activity alone, no bird or bee activity at all, and finally, a natural environment, where bees and birds were free to pollinate and eat insects like the coffee berry borer, one of the most damaging pests affecting coffee production worldwide. The combined positive effects of birds and bees on fruit set, fruit weight and fruit uniformity — key factors in quality and price — were greater than their individual effects, the study shows. (在实验中， 研究人员在 30 个农场中处理咖啡植物，不包括鸟类和蜜蜂，同时使用大网和小袋子。他们测试了四种关键情况：只有 鸟的活动， 只有蜜蜂的活动， 没有鸟或蜜蜂的活动， 最后， 一个自然环境， 蜜蜂和鸟类可以自由授粉和吃 昆虫， 比如咖啡浆果蛀虫， 这是影响全球咖啡生产的最具破坏性的害虫之一。研究显示， 鸟类和蜜蜂对坐 果率、果实重量和果实均匀度的综合积极影响——这些都是影响质量和价格的关键因素)”可知，研究人员 通过对比进行测试的。故选 B。
11．
推理判断题。根据第一段“A groundbreaking new study finds that coffee beans are bigger and more plentiful when
birds and bees team up to protect and pollinate (授粉) coffee plants. (一项突破性的新研究发现， 当鸟类和蜜蜂 合作保护咖啡树并为其授粉时，咖啡豆会更大、更丰富)”可知，这是一篇新研究。由此推知，文章也许选 自报纸的科学版面。故选 C。
12 ．B
13 ．A
14 ．D
15 ．B
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。威尔士家具制造商 Andy Dix 使用英国种植的白蜡树制造自行车，这将减少环境污染， 对环境保护有非常重要的意义。
12．
主旨大意题。根据第二段“I’ve always tried to minimize environmental impact in my work. Rather than relying on heavily-processed metals, or layers of plastic that will one day end up in landfill, I’m building bikes from captured carbon, in a process powered by sunlight. (我一直试图在我的工作中尽量减少对环境的影响。我不再依赖于过 度加工的金属，或终有一天会被填埋的塑料，而是用碳制造自行车，这个制造过程由阳光驱动。)”可推知， 本段中 Dix 介绍了他用碳和太阳能制造自行车的原因是尽量减少对环境的影响， 所以本段主要讲了他制作 木制自行车的推动力。故选 B 项。
13．
词义猜测题 。根据第三段划线句前 “Dix tested the wooden bike on the roughest roads he could find and discovered that it was comfortable, durable, and excellent at absorbing shakes.( Dix 在他能找到的最崎岖的道路 上测试了这辆木制自行车， 发现它舒适、耐用， 并且非常善于减震。 )”和“I wasrunning along battered roads that would have shaken me to bits on a aluminum bike. (我在一条颠簸的路上骑着自行车，如果骑上一辆铝制 自行车， 我会被震得浑身发抖。 )”可知， Dix 对木质自行车进行了一系列测试， 结合划线句后“Notonly could I make a bike out of wood, but it had inherent advantages over other materials. (我不仅能用木头做自行车， 而且 木头比其他材料有固有的优势。)”可知，测试结果令人满意，所以划线句“The pennydropped.”是对测试的 总结，结合选项， “The truth came out.(真相大白了)”与划线句意思相近。故选 A 项。
14．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though cutting down trees can add to more carbon in the atmosphere, sustainable tree farming is possible. Dix said that manufacturing a British tonne of aluminum results in carbon emissions of 4,532
kg while producing a tonne of wood only emits 457 kg. Currently, the cost of a new Twmpa Cycle is out-of-reach
for many bicycle riders; but the idea of using sustainable materials like ash trees could start a new cycling revolution that puts the environment first. Helping the environment could be just a pedal away. (虽然砍伐树木会 增加大气中的碳， 但可持续的树木种植是可能的。 Dix 说， 生产一吨铝会产生 4532 千克的碳排放， 而生产 一吨木材只会产生 457 千克的碳排放。目前，一辆新的 Twmpa 自行车的成本对于许多骑自行车的人来说 是遥不可及的；但将环境放在首位，使用白蜡树等可持续材料的想法可能会引发一场新的自行车革命。帮 助环境可能只是一步之遥。)”可推知，虽然砍伐树木会造成一定的环境污染，但砍伐树木比生产铝造成的 污染少很多，而且白蜡树将可能可持续种植，这对环境来说还是利大于弊的。故选 D 项。
15．
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Bicycles are typically made of steel or aluminum but now there is a unique company that is growing bikes on trees, literally. (自行车通常由钢或铝制成， 但现在有一家独特的公司 能让树上长出自行车。)”可知，本文介绍了威尔士家具制造商 Andy Dix 使用英国种植的白蜡树制造自行车， 这将减少环境污染， 对环境保护有非常重要的意义， B 项“Amazing Bikes Grow onTrees(神奇吗 自行车长 在树上)”新颖有趣，引出话题，是文章最佳标题。故选 B 项。
16 ．D
17 ．C
18 ．B
19 ．F
20 ．G
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了几种如何应对逆境的方法。
16．
本文是总分结构， 空处位于第一段段尾， 有承上启下的作用。根据上文“Youdon’t have to be a physics genius to overcome adversity in your own life, but it’s easy to feel overwhelmed sometimes.(你不一定要成为一个物理 天才才能克服自己生活中的逆境，但有时很容易感到不知所措。)”可知，文章接下来要叙述如何应对逆境， 所以 D 项“有一些想法可以用来找到更好的应对逆境的方法”符合题意。故选 D 项。
17．
根据本段首句“A positive mind can make overcoming adversity easier.(积极的心态可以使克服逆境更容易。)” 可知， 本段主要讲述用积极的心态应对困境， 所以 C 项“当你面临困难时， 试着保持乐观”符合上下文逻辑 关系。故选 C 项。
18．
空处位于段首。根据下文“It can help you give yourself feedback about your life, help you better understand your current situation, and help you think outside the box and find solutions to problems you’re dealing with. Try to spend a few minutes each day writing down whatever emotions, feelings, or thoughts come to mind. (它可以帮助 你对自己的生活提供反馈， 帮助你更好地了解你当前的情况， 帮助你跳出思维定式， 找到你正在处理的问 题的解决方案。试着每天花几分钟时间写下脑海中的情绪、感受或想法。)”可知，本段讲述的是用写作的 方法应对逆境，所以 B 选项“写下你的想法可以帮助你保持专注”符合题意。故选 B 项。
19．
根据本段首句“Preparing yourself for adversity can make it easier to deal with. (为逆境做好准备可以使其更容 易应对。 )”可知， 本段讲述的是自身要做好应对逆境的准备；而空处前一句“Thekey is to keep pushing in the face of it.(关键是要继续面对它。 )”也表明要面对逆境， 所以 F 选项“可以放心地假设你将面临一些困难， 所 以要做好心理准备”符合文意。故选 F 项。
20．
空处位于段尾， 需要根据本段文意选择合适选项。根据本段首句“You can learn a lot from others about how to deal with adversity.(你可以从别人那里学到很多关于如何应对逆境的知识。)”及根据下文“Look to historical figures who survived and dealt with extraordinary adversity such as Helen Keller or Franklin Roosevelt. You can also look around you at people in your life who have dealt with adversity, such as friends, family members, or colleagues.(看看那些幸存下来并处理过非凡逆境的历史人物，比如海伦 · 凯勒或富兰克林 · 罗斯福。你也可 以在你周围看看你生活中经历过逆境的人，比如朋友、家人或同事。)”可知，本段讲述的是用他人成功战 胜逆境的故事激励自己，所以 G 选项“利用他们的成功故事作为灵感，帮助你不断战胜逆境”。符合题意， 其中选项中的 their 指代的就是上面所提到的人。故选 G 项。
21 ．D
22 ．C
23 ．B
24 ．A
25 ．C
26 ．A
27 ．D
28 ．A
29 ．D
30 ．C
31 ．B
32 ．D
33 ．B
34 ．C
35 ．A
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Mr. Kere 是来自非洲一个世界上最贫穷的国家之一，他从小就有责任感， 理想远大。为了掌握先进知识， 出国学习， 成绩优秀， 成为了一名建筑师。后来得知家乡建设学校， 积极 参与学校建设，为家乡做出巨大贡献，也赢得的人们的赞许。
21．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Kere 成长在世界上最贫穷的国家之一—Gando ，当地没有学校。 A. art 艺术；
B. medical 医疗；C. business 商业；D. local 当地。根据后文“from the German government and went to study in Germany”，结合作者的国家是世界上最贫穷的国家，可知当地没有学校。故选 D 项。
22．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从小就有强烈的责任感。 A. loss 损失；B. occasion 场合； C. responsibility
责任；D. family 家庭。根据前文“a young architect from Africa”，可知他从小就有强烈的责任感，后来才能 取得成功。故选 C 项。
23．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的家人在他七岁时送他去上学， 他没有让他们失望。A. blame 责备；B. disappoint 使人失望；C. cheat 欺骗；D. trouble 麻烦。根据后文“He won a scholarship” ，可知他成绩优秀，学有所成， 此处应该表达“没有失望”。故选 B 项。
24．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：在柏林攻读建筑学学位期间，克里得知家乡的校舍即将被掉换。A. While 在……期间；B. Although 尽管；C. Whenever 无论…… 时候；D. Since 自从…… 以来。根据后文“still studying for his architecture degree in Berlin”，可知此处表达“在此期间”。故选 A 项。
25．
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 在柏林攻读建筑学学位期间，克里克里得知家乡的校舍即将倒塌。A. sale 销售； B. opening 开业 ；C. collapse 倒塌 ；D. exchange 掉换 。根据后文 “The school had been built some years
previously.”，可知之前的学校太旧，即将倒塌。故选 C 项。
26．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：决心与他的村庄分享教育给他的优势。A. Determined 决定；B. Reminded 提醒； C. Asked 询问；D. Encouraged 鼓励。根据后文“to share with his village the advantages”，可知此处作者因为 爱自己的家乡，所以一定是决定去贡献自己的力量。故选 A 项。
27．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：决心与他的村庄分享教育给他的优势。A. poverty 贫穷；B. courage 勇气；C. fortune 财富；D. education 教育。根据前文提及作者出国学有所成，此处应该是指“他所接受的教育”。故选 D 项。 28．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：凯尔先生启动了“甘多学校砖”项目，并着手筹集修建一所学校所需的资金。 A. set about 开始；B. insisted on 坚持；C. picked up 拿起；D. looked into 调查。根据前文“Mr. Kere launched the School Bricks for Gando project”，可知作者应该是“着手筹款建设学校”。故选 A 项。
29．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这所学校于 2001 年开学，现在有 300 多名学生。 A. monitors 监视；B. feeds 喂 养；C. advises 建设；D. counts 计数。根据后文“more than 300 pupils”，可知，所学校于 2001 年开学，现在 有 300 多名学生。此处是指“计数”。故选 D 项。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这所学校不仅为村里的孩子提供教育，还用来向全村传授新的技能和知识。A. changes 改变；B. funds 为 …提供资金；C. provides 提供；D. spares 拨出。根据后文“education for the village children”，可知是此处指“提供教育”。故选 C 项。
31．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这所学校不仅为村里的孩子提供教育，还用来向全村传授新的技能和知识。A. tradition 传统；B. knowledge 知识；C. wealth 财富；D. freedom 自由。根据前面“new skills”，可知此处表达 “技能和知识”。故选 B 选。
32．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：非洲有很多聪明能干的年轻人。 A. generous 慷慨的；B. patient 有耐心的； C. modest 谦虚的；D. capable 能干的。根据前文“bright” (聪明的)，可知此处形容词与之对应的是“能干的”。 故选 D 项。
33．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但只有通过接受教育，他们才能建设一个更美好的世界。 A. devotion 投入； B.
access 进入或使用； C. tendency 趋势； D. application 申请。根据“they be able to build themselves a better
world”，可知此处表达“只有通过接受教育”。故选 B 项。
34．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，甘多学校是一个成功的学校，因为村民们不再认为他们的孩子上学
而不是在田里工作是浪费时间。凯尔说。 A. treat 对待； B. term 学期； C. success 成功； D. promise 承诺。
根据后文“no longer see it as a waste of time”，可知此处表达“甘多学校是一个成功的学校”。故选 C 项。 35．
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：对我来说，甘多学校是一个成功的学校，因为村民们不再认为他们的孩子
上学而不是在田里工作是浪费时间。 “凯尔说。 A. instead of 代替； B. except for 除……之外；C. thanks to
由于； D. far from 远没有。根据后文“working in the fields”与前文“to be in school”是相反的。故选 A 项。
36 ．the
37 ．global
38 ．held
39 ．is
40 ．has made
41 ．equipment
42 ．to ensure
43 ．yearly
44 ．if##when
45 ．to
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在中国召开的国际粮食减损大会的主要内容。分析了目前粮食浪费的现状， 以及中国为此作出的努力，呼吁反对浪费。
36．
考查冠词。句意：随着国际粮食损失和浪费会议于周六在山东省济南市闭幕， 中国向世界发出了一个信号， 即中国将通过减少农业损失和浪费来解决粮食安全问题。根据句意可知，此处 world 是特殊名词，因为只 有一个世界，所以必须加 the。故填the。
37．
考查形容词。句意：以减少粮食损失和粮食浪费、促进全球粮食安全为主题，为期三天的线上和线下活动
吸引了 300 多名参与者。设空处缺少形容词修饰名词短语 food security，故填 global。
38．
考查过去时。句意：以减少粮食损失和粮食浪费、促进全球粮食安全为主题，为期三天的线上和线下活动 吸引了 300 多名参与者。粮食减损大会已经闭幕， 文中描述的是发生在过去的事情， 因此使用一般过去时。 故填 held。
39．
考查主谓一致。句意：因此，只要损失一个百分比，就等于损失 2 800 万吨粮食。本句的主语是the loss of only one percentage，因此谓语动词用单数。故填 is。
40．
考查现在完成时。句意：近年来，中国在控制粮食损失和浪费方面取得了很大进展，主要努力包括升级设 施和设备。现在完成时的时间标志词 Inrecent years,，并且根据句意可知 makeprogress 发生在过去并且对 现在有影响，因此使用现在完成时，故填 has made。
41．
考查名词。句意：近年来，中国在控制粮食损失和浪费方面取得了很大进展，主要努力包括升级设施和设 备。and 连接的两个并列成分，facilities 是名词，因此设空处应填不可数名词 equipment。故填 equipment。 42 ．
考查动词不定式。句意：在中国主要粮食生产省份山东省， Sinograin 粮仓配备了4500 个高清摄像头和 28 万个温度传感器，以确保库存处于最佳状态。设空处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填 to ensure。
43．
考查副词。句意：数据显示，在中国“十三五”期间(2016-2020 年)，每年节约粮食约 1300 万吨。分析句子 结构可知，副词 yearly 修饰动词 save 。故填 yearly。
44．
考查连词。句意：如果我们不解决严重的粮食损失和浪费问题， 我们就无法消除饥饿。分析句子结构可知， 设空处前后皆为完整的句子，因此此处应填连词，根据句意可知，从句为条件状语从句，故填 if/when 。 45．
考查固定搭配。句意：商业模式、技术和数字解决方案方面的合作与创新都可以有助于减少粮食损失和浪 费。 contribute to 为固定搭配，意为“贡献” ，to 为介词，故填 to。
46 ．Food Safety
Food safety is very important to us. As the old saying goes,the food is what matters to the people. Food plays an important role in people's life.How can we make food safe
First, we shouldn’t go out to eat fast food often. At the restaurant there is also some food that isn’t safe, such
as unhealthy oil. Second, we should make food clean before cooking. Remember to boil food. Third, we should buy and eat food carefully. If the food is in bags, we should read instructions and dates carefully. Make sure the food is safe. At the same time ,our consumers should learn more knowledge about food safety.
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文， 要求考生写一篇倡议书， 说明食品安全的重要性及保证食品安全的措施， 最后 就注重食品安全提出倡议。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1.说明食品安全的重要性。
2.保证食品安全的措施：
1)尽量不在外面吃饭；
2)保证食物干净并充分煮熟；
3) 多学习相关食品安全知识。
第二步:列提纲 (重点词组)
be very important to ;play an important role in; unhealthy oil;make food clean;in bags,read instructions and dates; make sure; food safety.
第三步：连词成句
1. Food safety is very important to us.
2. Food plays an important role in people's life.
3. we shouldn’t go out to eat fast food often.
4. we should make food clean before cooking.
5. we should buy and eat food carefully.
6. If the food is in bags, we should read instructions and dates carefully.
7. our consumers should learn more knowledge about food safety.
根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇(衔接词)
1.表文章结构顺序： First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3. 表转折对 比关系 ：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause( 从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系： Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】
文章要内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。that 引 导的定语从句 At the restaurant there is also some food that isn’t safe, such as unhealthy oil. if 引导的条件状语 从句 If the food is in bags, we should read instructions and dates carefully. 言简意赅，显得很有文采，同时文
章中过渡词的合理使用可以使文章条理清晰，层次分明。
47 ．Paragraph 1. I was a little surprised and asked him what test I passed. He told me that he took the watch and ran away to see my reaction and for that good forty-five minutes he was hiding in a building and watching my expressions. He said that I simply kept quiet. There was no sign of anger or disappointment on my face. Nor did I start to catch up with him angrily. He said that meant I was generous and regarded him as one ofmy family members.
Paragraph 2. Then I asked him why he gave me food to eat. He told me that when I gave them something to eat, they ate happily so he wanted to see whether I was happy to eat what he gave me. I happily ate the food he gave me in his presence. He was greatly moved and felt that I did not mind his dirt. I am one of them. I realized these kids are hungry for love and trust.
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开， 讲述了作者多年来一直同情关爱孤儿， 经常尽自己所能帮助他们， 并和他们一起 体验生活。一次作者给孤儿们买了一些吃的和他们共享， 一个男孩摘走了作者的手表， 作者并没有生气和 着急， 继续和孩子们共享食物。 45 分钟后， 男孩回来了， 作者没有追问男孩手表的事， 男孩把手表还给作 者，还分给作者面包吃。男孩还告诉作者通过了他的测试。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我有点吃惊，问他我通过了什么考试。”可知，第一段可描写男孩指的是什么测试， 怎样测试。 ②由第二段首句内容“然后我问他为什么给我食物吃。 ”可知，第二段可描写男孩的理由和作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：用手表测试——观察作者表情——发现作者把他当作家人——用食物测试—— 男孩被感动— —通过测试——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①观察表情： watch expressions /observe expressions
②追赶： catch up with /run after
③意识到： realize/be aware of/ aware 情绪类
①高兴： be happy/be cheerful/delight
②渴望： long for/be eager to/desire to do 【点睛】
[高分句型 1] Nor did I start to catch up with him angrily. (否定词 Nor 开头的倒装句)
[高分句型 2] He told me that when I gave them something to eat, they ate happily so he wanted to see whether I was happy to eat what he gave me. (that ，whether ，what 引导宾语从句)
[高分句型 3]I happily ate the food he gave me in his presence. (he gave me 是定语从句)
(考试时间： 120 分钟 试卷满分： 150 分)
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考 证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动， 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4 ．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共 30 分，略)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Experience College at Harvard
Challenge yourself in college-level academics. Meet new friends from around the world. Strengthen your college application. And, build important life skills that can make your future college experience a success.
Pre-College Program
An intense and exciting glimpse into the college experience. During this intensive two-week program, you will take the first steps toward your college journey alongside a diverse group of exceptional high school students.
Challenge yourself in a college course taught by Harvard faculty and affiliates, without the pressure of grades.
Engage with your peers in structured co-curricular activities, college readiness workshops, and social events.
Two weeks, non-credit
Secondary School Program
Immerse yourself in college life for seven weeks! In this dynamic seven-week program, you can earn college credit while experiencing firsthand what it’s really like to be a college student.
Choose one or two college-level classes that delve deeply into subjects that really excite you and may not be offered in high school.
Prepare for the future as you experience what it’s really like to balance responsibility with independence in one of three program formats – online, commuting, or residential.
Seven weeks, college credit
Application is now open for both high school programs! See program calendars for important dates and
deadlines.
To get our updates, join our mailing list for helpful information and important deadlines. Start your education journey today!
1 ．What can we learn about the two programs
A ．All the learning activities take place online.
B ．They are required procedures for college application.
C ．They challenge the students with college-level courses.
D ．Students can earn college credits after learning the two programs.
2 ．According to this passage, applicants can ________.
A ．start to apply for both programs now
B ．pay for the program calendars from today
C ．apply for the programs throughout the year
D ．download a mailing list to get helpful updates
3 ．What is the purpose of this passage
A ．To raise money for Harvard Summer Programs.
B ．To show the diverse courses in Harvard University.
C ．To share the college learning experience with readers.
D ．To introduce Harvard Summer Programs for high school students.
B
Nearly two years after the COVID- 19 outbreak, China has granted approval to its first antibody combination therapy for COVID- 19 treatment, adding a tool to the world’s fight against the disease.
A team from Tsinghua University, along with the Shenzhen People’s Hospital, has accomplished the task in 20 months. It would usually take 10 years. “It can reduce the rate of hospitalization and death by 80 percent,” said Zhang Linqi, leader of the research team.
The new antibody drug is immediately effective after being used. Moreover, the therapy can protect people, especially those whose physical condition doesn’t allow vaccination (接种疫苗), from becoming infected (感染) by COVID- 19 for around 9 to 12 months, said Zhang.
How does it work When a virus infects a cell, it relies on an important type of protein: the spike proteins (棘 突蛋白) on its surface. The spike proteins serve as a key to unlocking a cell. If a virus cannot enter a cell, it will disappear immediately. The job of our antibodies is to block the virus from entering cells. So its target is very precise. In addition, thanks to the coordination between the two antibodies, it is highly efficient in preventing the virus,
according to Zhang. The qualities of the new drug make it especially useful for high-risk groups, such as frontline
medical workers and people not suitable for vaccination due to various underlying health problems. The new drug is expected to come to the market soon, but it’s not cheap. That’s because of limited production.
Noting that China has used science and technology to fight COVID- 19 since the beginning of the outbreak, Zhang said, “Science is the key to solving the issue. Science has shown its power in all sectors, from medical treatment, medicine and vaccine development to prevention and control measures.”
4 ．What can we know about the new therapy according to paragraph 1 and paragraph 2
A ．It’s the first way to treat COVID- 19.
B ．It dramatically improves the survival rate of patients.
C ．It takes researchers 10 years to develop the new drug.
D ．It was developed by the team from one of China’s top universities.
5 ．Which statement does the author probably agree with
A ．Only medical workers can take this drug.
B ．Antibodies stop spike proteins entering a cell.
C ．The new drug takes effect after a period of use.
D ．The new drug can protect people from infection for life.
6 ．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A ．It is easy to produce the drug.
B ．The new drug has been put into use.
C ．Zhang thought highly of the power of science.
D ．China is the first country to use technology to fight disease.
7 ．Where does the text probably come from
A ．A textbook.
B ．An educational magazine.
C ．A medical journal.
D ．A tourist guide.
C
A groundbreaking new study finds that coffee beans are bigger and more plentiful when birds and bees team up to protect and pollinate (授粉) coffee plants.
Without these winged helpers, some traveling thousands of miles, coffee farmers would see a 25% drop in crops, a loss of roughly $1,066 per acre of coffee. That’s important for the $26 billion coffee industry — including consumers, farmers, and corporations who depend on nature’s unpaid labor — but the research goes beyond that.
The study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is the first to show, using real-world
experiments at 30 coffee farms, that the contributions of nature — in this case, bee pollination combined with pest (害虫) control by birds — are larger than their individual contributions.
“Until now, researchers have typically calculated the benefits of nature separately, and then simply added them up, which actually underestimates the benefits biodiversity provides to agriculture and human wellbeing,” says lead expert Alejandra. “But nature is an interacting system, full of important synergies (协同). We show the ecological and economic importance of these interactions in one of the first experiments in actual farms.”
For the experiment, researchers dealt with coffee plants across 30 farms, excluding birds and bees with a combination of large nets and small bags. They tested four key situations: bird activity alone, bee activity alone, no bird or bee activity at all, and finally, a natural environment, where bees and birds were free to pollinate and eat insects like the coffee berry borer, one of the most damaging pests affecting coffee production worldwide. The combined positive effects of birds and bees on fruit set, fruit weight and fruit uniformity — key factors in quality and price — were greater than their individual effects, the study shows.
“Birds, bees, and millions of other species support our lives and livelihoods, but face threats like habitat destruction and climate change,” says Alejandra. “One important reason we measure these contributions is to help protect the many species that we depend on, and sometimes take for granted.”
8 ．What does the new research focus on
A ．Ways to increase coffee production.
B ．Winged helpers’ effects on coffee plants.
C ．Factors affecting coffee plants’ pollination.
D ．The importance of pest control on coffee plants.
9 ．Which of the following is a major boost to the coffee industry
A ．High-quality service. B ．Government intervention.
C ．Expanding investment. D ．Maintaining biodiversity.
10 ．How did the researchers conduct the tests according to paragraph 5
A ．By introducing a concept. B ．By making comparisons.
C ．By explaining statistical data. D ．By referring to a previous study.
11 ．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A ．Advertisement. B ．Health. C ．Science. D ．Travel.
D
Bicycle riding has taken the world by storm. Bicycles are typically made of steel or aluminum (铝) but now there is a unique company that is growing bikes on trees, literally. These bicycles are made of British grown ash
trees by Welsh maker Andy Dix. His Hay-on-Wye company, Twmpa Frames, is making bikes that are of high
performance and environmentally sustainable.
“It’s great to push for more bikes and fewer cars on the road, but there’s no escaping the fact that the bike industry as a whole is pretty energy intensive,” Dix told Cycling Industry, “I’ve always tried to minimize environmental impact in my work. Rather than relying on heavily-processed metals, or layers of plastic that will one day end up in landfill, I’m building bikes from captured carbon, in a process powered by sunlight.”
It took two years to build the prototype (雏形) that was made from ash wood. Dix tested the wooden bike on the roughest roads he could find and discovered that it was comfortable, durable, and excellent at absorbing shakes. He put more than 3,000 miles on the bike. Dix explained, “I was running along battered roads that would have shaken me to bits on a aluminum bike. The penny dropped. Not only could I make a bike out of wood, but it had inherent advantages over other materials.”
Though cutting down trees can add to more carbon in the atmosphere, sustainable tree farming is possible. Dix said that manufacturing a British tonne of aluminum results in carbon emissions of 4,532 kg while producing a tonne of wood only emits 457 kg. Currently, the cost of a new Twmpa Cycle is out-of-reach for many bicycle riders; but the idea of using sustainable materials like ash trees could start a new cycling revolution that puts the environment first. Helping the environment could be just a pedal away.
12 ．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about
A ．The materials for building bikes. B ．The driving force for wooden bikes.
C ．The problems with cycling industry. D ．The process of building wooden bikes.
13 ．What does the underlined part “The penny dropped” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A ．The truth came out. B ．Money was missing.
C ．The bike broke down. D ．The efforts were in vain.
14 ．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A ．Logging trees is a wrong practice.
B ．Developing sustainable forestry is a must.
C ．Carbon emission calls for urgent attention.
D ．The wooden bike does more good than harm.
15 ．Which of the following is a suitable title of the text
A ．Less Carbon, More Sustainable B ．Amazing Bikes Grow on Trees
C ．No Innovation, No Development D ．Amusing Bike Riding Is Taking off
第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Did you know that Albert Einstein didn’t speak at all for the first 3 years of his life People thought he was
lazy and unintelligent. But he never gave up and he pushed through adversity to become one of the most brilliant minds of all time. You don’t have to be a physics genius to overcome adversity in your own life, but it’s easy to feel overwhelmed sometimes. ____ 16____
A positive mind can make overcoming adversity easier. ____ 17____ While it’s true that you need to be realistic and see things clearly, if you view everything with a negative mind, you’ll only see the bad things. Push out pessimistic thoughts and attitudes so you can focus on finding ways to keep pushing through adversity.
____ 18____ It can help you give yourself feedback about your life, help you better understand your current situation, and help you think outside the box and find solutions to problems you’re dealing with. Try to spend a few minutes each day writing down whatever emotions, feelings, or thoughts come to mind. Write about things that were difficult or that you’re struggling with so you can think about potential solutions.
Preparing yourself for adversity can make it easier to deal with. Adversity is pretty much a necessary in life, especially if you’re working toward a big goal. The key is to keep pushing in the face of it. ____ 19____ Expect to have to deal with setbacks and difficulties and keep faith that you can overcome any adversity that comes your way.
You can learn a lot from others about how to deal with adversity. Look to historical figures who survived and dealt with extraordinary adversity such as Helen Keller or Franklin Roosevelt. You can also look around you at people in your life who have dealt with adversity, such as friends, family members, or colleagues. ____20____ A ．Use adversity to learn and improve yourself.
B ．Writing down your thoughts can help you stay focused.
C ．Try to remain optimistic whenever you’re faced with a difficult situation.
D ．There are some ideas you can use to find a better way to deal with adversity.
E ．Emotions aren’t necessarily a bad thing, but they can make you unreasonable.
F ．It’s safe to assume that you’re going to face some struggles, so mentally prepare for it.
G ．Use their success stories as inspiration to help you keep pushing back against adversity.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Diebedo Francis Kcre is a young architect from Africa. There was no ___21___ school when Mr. Kere was growing up in Gando, one of the world's poorest countries. Since childhood he had alrendy had a keen sense of ___22___ .His family sent him away to school at the age of seven and he did not ___23___ them. He won a scholarship from the German government and went to study in Germany.
___24___ still studying for his architecture degree in Berlin, Mr. Kere learned that the school building in his
hometown was on the point of ___25___ . The school had been built some years previously. ___26___ to share with
his village the advantages that ___27___ had given him. Mr. Kere launched the School Bricks for Gando project and ___28___ raising money needed to build a school.
Opened in 2001, the school now ___29___ more than 300 pupils. The school not only _____30_____education for the village children, but is used to pass on new skills and _____31_____ to the entire village.
" Africa is full of very bright and _____32_____ young people. But only through _____33_____ to education will they be able to build themselves a better world. For me, Gando School is a _____34_____ because the villagers
no longer see it as a waste of time for their children to be in school _____35_____ working in the fields."Kere said.
21 ．A ．art B ．medical C ．business D ．local
22 ．A ．loss B ．occasion C ．responsibility D ．family
23 ．A ．blame B ．disappoint C ．cheat D ．trouble
24 ．A ．While B ．Although C ．Whenever D ．Since
25 ．A ．sale B ．opening C ．collapse D ．exchange
26 ．A ．Determined B ．Reminded C ．Asked D ．Encouraged
27 ．A ．poverty B ．courage C ．fortune D ．education
28 ．A ．set about B ．insisted on C ．picked up D ．looked into
29 ．A ．monitors B ．feeds C ．advises D ．counts
30 ．A ．changes B ．funds C ．provides D ．spares
31 ．A ．tradition B ．knowledge C ．wealth D ．freedom
32 ．A ．generous B ．patient C ．modest D ．capable
33 ．A ．devotion B ．access C ．tendency D ．application
34 ．A ．treat B ．term C ．success D ．promise
35 ．A ．instead of B ．except for C ．thanks to D ．far from
第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1. 5 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the International Conference on Food Loss and Waste closed on Saturday in Jinan, Shandong Province, the country has sent a signal to ____36____ world that China will deal with issues concerning food security by reducing loss and waste in agriculture. With the theme of reducing food loss and food waste and promoting ____37____ (globe) food security, the three-day event ____38____ (hold) both online and offline attracted more than 300 participants.
The current world grain production is about 2.8 billion tons a year. Therefore, the loss of only one percentage
____39____ (be) equal to the loss of 28 million tons of food. This can feed about 70 million people.
In recent years, China ____40____ (make) great progress in controlling loss and waste in food, with main efforts including upgrading facilities and ____41____ (equip). In Shandong Province, China’s major grain producer, the Sinograin ( 中 粮 集 团 ) grain storage site is equipped with 4,500 high-definition cameras and 280,000 temperature sensors ____42____ (ensure) that the stock (储备) is in the best condition. Data shows that during China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020) , about 13 million tons of food had been saved ____43____ (year) after production.
We cannot end hunger ____44____ we do not deal with the high levels of food loss and waste. Cooperation and innovations ( 创新) in business models, technologies and digital solutions could all contribute ____45____ reducing food loss and waste.
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分 40 分)
第一节(满分 15 分)
46．食品安全对我们来说是非常重要的，我们怎样才能使食品安全呢？请以食品安全(Food Safety) 为主 题，写一篇短文。词数 100 左右。
1.食品安全的重要性。
2.保证食品安全的措施。
3.提出倡议。
第二节(满分 25 分)
47 ．读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
For many years I have been feeling pity for orphans(孤儿). They lack the love of their parents and need the love and help of others. So I am doing what I can to help them. I visited them many times to experience their daily life.
Three years ago I even lived with the orphans on the street. These kids would mostly beg through the day to buy some food for themselves or eat the food given to them by the people passing by. One unusual incident happened during my second week of staying with them on the sidewalk.
I sat with them and shared the meal I had bought for them from a nearby restaurant. They sat with me in a circle and happily started eating. Suddenly one of them, a twelve-year-old boy, caught my hand, looked at me and removed my watch, and I continued eating the meal without turning around to see where the little boy ran with my watch.
After about forty-five minutes he showed up and sat beside me again. I just looked at him and smiled without saying anything about the watch. The little boy took a small packet from his pocket, opened it, had a bite of the bread and offered the same bread to me. I took it and ate it willingly. As soon as I finished eating the bread, a smile
appeared on his face. Slowly he put his hand in his pocket and returned my watch. I smiled at him and wore my
watch once again. The little boy later on told me that I passed the test.
Paragraph 1:
I was a little surprised and asked him what test I passed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Then I asked him why he gave me food to eat.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1 ．C
2 ．A
3 ．D
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了哈佛体验学院的两个项目的详细信息
1．细节理解题。根据 Pre-College Program 中的“ Challenge yourself in a college course taught by Harvard faculty and affiliates, without the pressure of grades. ( 在哈佛大学教授的课程中挑战自己，没有分数的压力。 )” 和 Secondary School Program 中的“ Choose one or two college-level classes that delve deeply into subjects that really excite you and may not be offered in high school. ( 选择一到两门大学水平的课程， 深入研究那些真正让 你兴奋的、高中可能不会提供的科目。 )”可知，这两个项目都用大学水平的课程挑战学生。故选 C。
2．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Application is now open for both high school programs! (现在两所高中的项目 申请都开放了。 )”可知，申请人可以现在开始申请两个项目。故选 A。
3．
推理判断题。阅读全文以及标题 Experience College at Harvard (哈佛体验学院)和第一段 Challenge yourself incollege-level academics.Meet new friends from around the world.Strengthen your college application.And, buildimportant life skills that can make your future college experience a success.(在大学水平的学术中挑战自己。 认识来自世界各地的新朋友。加强你的大学申请。此外,培养重要的生活技能,使你未来的大学生活获得成 功。)可知本文主要介绍了哈佛体验学院的两个项目的详细信息,可推断，本文的目的是为高中学生介绍哈 佛暑期项目。故选 D。
4 ．B
5 ．B
6 ．C
7 ．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是中国批准的首个用于治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的抗体联合疗法及该疗法 的原理和作用。
4．
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句““It can reduce the rate of hospitalization and death by 80 percent,” said Zhang
Linqi, leader of the research team. (“它可以将住院率和死亡率降低 80% ，”研究小组组长张林奇说)”可知， 这种新疗法可以将住院率和死亡率降低 80%，换句话说，新疗法显著提高了患者的存活率。故选 B 项。
5．
推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“How does it work When a virus infects a cell, it relies on an important type of protein: the spike proteins (刺突蛋白) on its surface. The spike proteins serve as a key to unlocking a cell. If a virus cannot enter a cell, it will disappear immediately. The job of our antibodies is to block the virus from entering cells. (它是如何产生作用的？当病毒感染细胞时，它依赖于一种重要的蛋白质：其表面的刺突蛋白。刺突 蛋白是解锁细胞的钥匙。如果病毒不能进入细胞，它会立即消失。我们的抗体的作用是阻止病毒进入细 胞)”可知，病毒感染细胞时依赖于刺突蛋白，抗体阻止病毒进入细胞，也就是说抗体可以阻止刺突蛋白进 入细胞。由此可知，作者可能同意“抗体阻止刺突蛋白进入细胞”这一说法。故选 B 项。
6．
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Noting that China has used science and technology to fight COVID- 19 since the beginning of the outbreak, Zhang said, “Science is the key to solving the issue. Science has shown its power in all sectors, from medical treatment, medicine and vaccine development to prevention and control measures.” (张指 出， 自疫情爆发以来，中国一直在利用科学技术抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎，他说：“科学是解决这一问题的 关键。从医疗、药物和疫苗开发到预防和控制措施， 科学在各个领域都显示出了其影响力。 ”)”可知， 张认 为科学是解决疫情的关键， 在各个领域都显示出了其影响力。由此可知， 张高度评价了科学的力量。故选 C 项。
7．
推理判断题。通读文章，结合第一段内容“Nearly two years after the COVID- 19 outbreak, China has granted approval to its first antibody combination therapy for COVID- 19 treatment, adding a tool to the world’s fight against the disease. (在新型冠状病毒肺炎爆发近两年后， 中国批准了首个用于治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的抗体联合疗 法，为世界抗击该疾病增添了一个工具)”可知，本文主要介绍的是中国批准的首个用于治疗新型冠状病毒 肺炎的抗体联合疗法及该疗法的原理和作用。由此可知， 这是一篇和医疗相关的文章， 最有可能出自一本 医学杂志。故选 C 项。
8 ．B
9 ．D
10 ．B
11 ．C
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。一项突破性的新研究发现， 当鸟类和蜜蜂合作保护咖啡树并为其授粉时， 咖啡豆会更 大、更丰富。
8．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Without these winged helpers, some traveling thousands of miles, coffee farmers would see a 25% drop in crops, a loss of roughly $1,066 per acre of coffee. That’s important for the $26 billion coffee industry — including consumers, farmers, and corporations who depend on nature’s unpaid labor — but the research goes beyond that. (如果没有这些带翅膀的帮手，有些需要长途跋涉数千英里，咖啡农的收成将下降 25% ， 每英亩咖啡的损失约为 1066 美元。这对价值 260 亿美元的咖啡产业来说很重要——包括依赖大自然无偿 劳动的消费者、农民和企业——但研究的范围不止于此)”可知，新研究关注的是长翅膀的帮手对咖啡树的 影响。故选 B。
9．
细节理解题。根据第四段““Until now, researchers have typically calculated the benefits of nature separately, and then simply added them up, which actually underestimates the benefits biodiversity provides to agriculture and human wellbeing,” says lead expert Alejandra. (“到目前为止，研究人员通常单独计算自然的好处，然后简单 地把它们加起来，这实际上低估了生物多样性对农业和人类福祉的好处，”首席专家 Alejandra 说)”可知， 维护生物多样性是对咖啡产业的重大推动。故选 D。
10．
推理判断题。根据第五段“For the experiment, researchers dealt with coffee plants across 30 farms, excluding birds and bees with a combination of large nets and small bags. They tested four key situations: bird activity alone, bee activity alone, no bird or bee activity at all, and finally, a natural environment, where bees and birds were free to pollinate and eat insects like the coffee berry borer, one of the most damaging pests affecting coffee production worldwide. The combined positive effects of birds and bees on fruit set, fruit weight and fruit uniformity — key factors in quality and price — were greater than their individual effects, the study shows. (在实验中， 研究人员在 30 个农场中处理咖啡植物，不包括鸟类和蜜蜂，同时使用大网和小袋子。他们测试了四种关键情况：只有 鸟的活动， 只有蜜蜂的活动， 没有鸟或蜜蜂的活动， 最后， 一个自然环境， 蜜蜂和鸟类可以自由授粉和吃 昆虫， 比如咖啡浆果蛀虫， 这是影响全球咖啡生产的最具破坏性的害虫之一。研究显示， 鸟类和蜜蜂对坐 果率、果实重量和果实均匀度的综合积极影响——这些都是影响质量和价格的关键因素)”可知，研究人员 通过对比进行测试的。故选 B。
11．
推理判断题。根据第一段“A groundbreaking new study finds that coffee beans are bigger and more plentiful when
birds and bees team up to protect and pollinate (授粉) coffee plants. (一项突破性的新研究发现， 当鸟类和蜜蜂 合作保护咖啡树并为其授粉时，咖啡豆会更大、更丰富)”可知，这是一篇新研究。由此推知，文章也许选 自报纸的科学版面。故选 C。
12 ．B
13 ．A
14 ．D
15 ．B
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。威尔士家具制造商 Andy Dix 使用英国种植的白蜡树制造自行车，这将减少环境污染， 对环境保护有非常重要的意义。
12．
主旨大意题。根据第二段“I’ve always tried to minimize environmental impact in my work. Rather than relying on heavily-processed metals, or layers of plastic that will one day end up in landfill, I’m building bikes from captured carbon, in a process powered by sunlight. (我一直试图在我的工作中尽量减少对环境的影响。我不再依赖于过 度加工的金属，或终有一天会被填埋的塑料，而是用碳制造自行车，这个制造过程由阳光驱动。)”可推知， 本段中 Dix 介绍了他用碳和太阳能制造自行车的原因是尽量减少对环境的影响， 所以本段主要讲了他制作 木制自行车的推动力。故选 B 项。
13．
词义猜测题 。根据第三段划线句前 “Dix tested the wooden bike on the roughest roads he could find and discovered that it was comfortable, durable, and excellent at absorbing shakes.( Dix 在他能找到的最崎岖的道路 上测试了这辆木制自行车， 发现它舒适、耐用， 并且非常善于减震。 )”和“I wasrunning along battered roads that would have shaken me to bits on a aluminum bike. (我在一条颠簸的路上骑着自行车，如果骑上一辆铝制 自行车， 我会被震得浑身发抖。 )”可知， Dix 对木质自行车进行了一系列测试， 结合划线句后“Notonly could I make a bike out of wood, but it had inherent advantages over other materials. (我不仅能用木头做自行车， 而且 木头比其他材料有固有的优势。)”可知，测试结果令人满意，所以划线句“The pennydropped.”是对测试的 总结，结合选项， “The truth came out.(真相大白了)”与划线句意思相近。故选 A 项。
14．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though cutting down trees can add to more carbon in the atmosphere, sustainable tree farming is possible. Dix said that manufacturing a British tonne of aluminum results in carbon emissions of 4,532
kg while producing a tonne of wood only emits 457 kg. Currently, the cost of a new Twmpa Cycle is out-of-reach
for many bicycle riders; but the idea of using sustainable materials like ash trees could start a new cycling revolution that puts the environment first. Helping the environment could be just a pedal away. (虽然砍伐树木会 增加大气中的碳， 但可持续的树木种植是可能的。 Dix 说， 生产一吨铝会产生 4532 千克的碳排放， 而生产 一吨木材只会产生 457 千克的碳排放。目前，一辆新的 Twmpa 自行车的成本对于许多骑自行车的人来说 是遥不可及的；但将环境放在首位，使用白蜡树等可持续材料的想法可能会引发一场新的自行车革命。帮 助环境可能只是一步之遥。)”可推知，虽然砍伐树木会造成一定的环境污染，但砍伐树木比生产铝造成的 污染少很多，而且白蜡树将可能可持续种植，这对环境来说还是利大于弊的。故选 D 项。
15．
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Bicycles are typically made of steel or aluminum but now there is a unique company that is growing bikes on trees, literally. (自行车通常由钢或铝制成， 但现在有一家独特的公司 能让树上长出自行车。)”可知，本文介绍了威尔士家具制造商 Andy Dix 使用英国种植的白蜡树制造自行车， 这将减少环境污染， 对环境保护有非常重要的意义， B 项“Amazing Bikes Grow onTrees(神奇吗 自行车长 在树上)”新颖有趣，引出话题，是文章最佳标题。故选 B 项。
16 ．D
17 ．C
18 ．B
19 ．F
20 ．G
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了几种如何应对逆境的方法。
16．
本文是总分结构， 空处位于第一段段尾， 有承上启下的作用。根据上文“Youdon’t have to be a physics genius to overcome adversity in your own life, but it’s easy to feel overwhelmed sometimes.(你不一定要成为一个物理 天才才能克服自己生活中的逆境，但有时很容易感到不知所措。)”可知，文章接下来要叙述如何应对逆境， 所以 D 项“有一些想法可以用来找到更好的应对逆境的方法”符合题意。故选 D 项。
17．
根据本段首句“A positive mind can make overcoming adversity easier.(积极的心态可以使克服逆境更容易。)” 可知， 本段主要讲述用积极的心态应对困境， 所以 C 项“当你面临困难时， 试着保持乐观”符合上下文逻辑 关系。故选 C 项。
18．
空处位于段首。根据下文“It can help you give yourself feedback about your life, help you better understand your current situation, and help you think outside the box and find solutions to problems you’re dealing with. Try to spend a few minutes each day writing down whatever emotions, feelings, or thoughts come to mind. (它可以帮助 你对自己的生活提供反馈， 帮助你更好地了解你当前的情况， 帮助你跳出思维定式， 找到你正在处理的问 题的解决方案。试着每天花几分钟时间写下脑海中的情绪、感受或想法。)”可知，本段讲述的是用写作的 方法应对逆境，所以 B 选项“写下你的想法可以帮助你保持专注”符合题意。故选 B 项。
19．
根据本段首句“Preparing yourself for adversity can make it easier to deal with. (为逆境做好准备可以使其更容 易应对。 )”可知， 本段讲述的是自身要做好应对逆境的准备；而空处前一句“Thekey is to keep pushing in the face of it.(关键是要继续面对它。 )”也表明要面对逆境， 所以 F 选项“可以放心地假设你将面临一些困难， 所 以要做好心理准备”符合文意。故选 F 项。
20．
空处位于段尾， 需要根据本段文意选择合适选项。根据本段首句“You can learn a lot from others about how to deal with adversity.(你可以从别人那里学到很多关于如何应对逆境的知识。)”及根据下文“Look to historical figures who survived and dealt with extraordinary adversity such as Helen Keller or Franklin Roosevelt. You can also look around you at people in your life who have dealt with adversity, such as friends, family members, or colleagues.(看看那些幸存下来并处理过非凡逆境的历史人物，比如海伦 · 凯勒或富兰克林 · 罗斯福。你也可 以在你周围看看你生活中经历过逆境的人，比如朋友、家人或同事。)”可知，本段讲述的是用他人成功战 胜逆境的故事激励自己，所以 G 选项“利用他们的成功故事作为灵感，帮助你不断战胜逆境”。符合题意， 其中选项中的 their 指代的就是上面所提到的人。故选 G 项。
21 ．D
22 ．C
23 ．B
24 ．A
25 ．C
26 ．A
27 ．D
28 ．A
29 ．D
30 ．C
31 ．B
32 ．D
33 ．B
34 ．C
35 ．A
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Mr. Kere 是来自非洲一个世界上最贫穷的国家之一，他从小就有责任感， 理想远大。为了掌握先进知识， 出国学习， 成绩优秀， 成为了一名建筑师。后来得知家乡建设学校， 积极 参与学校建设，为家乡做出巨大贡献，也赢得的人们的赞许。
21．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Kere 成长在世界上最贫穷的国家之一—Gando ，当地没有学校。 A. art 艺术；
B. medical 医疗；C. business 商业；D. local 当地。根据后文“from the German government and went to study in Germany”，结合作者的国家是世界上最贫穷的国家，可知当地没有学校。故选 D 项。
22．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从小就有强烈的责任感。 A. loss 损失；B. occasion 场合； C. responsibility
责任；D. family 家庭。根据前文“a young architect from Africa”，可知他从小就有强烈的责任感，后来才能 取得成功。故选 C 项。
23．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的家人在他七岁时送他去上学， 他没有让他们失望。A. blame 责备；B. disappoint 使人失望；C. cheat 欺骗；D. trouble 麻烦。根据后文“He won a scholarship” ，可知他成绩优秀，学有所成， 此处应该表达“没有失望”。故选 B 项。
24．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：在柏林攻读建筑学学位期间，克里得知家乡的校舍即将被掉换。A. While 在……期间；B. Although 尽管；C. Whenever 无论…… 时候；D. Since 自从…… 以来。根据后文“still studying for his architecture degree in Berlin”，可知此处表达“在此期间”。故选 A 项。
25．
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 在柏林攻读建筑学学位期间，克里克里得知家乡的校舍即将倒塌。A. sale 销售； B. opening 开业 ；C. collapse 倒塌 ；D. exchange 掉换 。根据后文 “The school had been built some years
previously.”，可知之前的学校太旧，即将倒塌。故选 C 项。
26．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：决心与他的村庄分享教育给他的优势。A. Determined 决定；B. Reminded 提醒； C. Asked 询问；D. Encouraged 鼓励。根据后文“to share with his village the advantages”，可知此处作者因为 爱自己的家乡，所以一定是决定去贡献自己的力量。故选 A 项。
27．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：决心与他的村庄分享教育给他的优势。A. poverty 贫穷；B. courage 勇气；C. fortune 财富；D. education 教育。根据前文提及作者出国学有所成，此处应该是指“他所接受的教育”。故选 D 项。 28．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：凯尔先生启动了“甘多学校砖”项目，并着手筹集修建一所学校所需的资金。 A. set about 开始；B. insisted on 坚持；C. picked up 拿起；D. looked into 调查。根据前文“Mr. Kere launched the School Bricks for Gando project”，可知作者应该是“着手筹款建设学校”。故选 A 项。
29．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这所学校于 2001 年开学，现在有 300 多名学生。 A. monitors 监视；B. feeds 喂 养；C. advises 建设；D. counts 计数。根据后文“more than 300 pupils”，可知，所学校于 2001 年开学，现在 有 300 多名学生。此处是指“计数”。故选 D 项。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这所学校不仅为村里的孩子提供教育，还用来向全村传授新的技能和知识。A. changes 改变；B. funds 为 …提供资金；C. provides 提供；D. spares 拨出。根据后文“education for the village children”，可知是此处指“提供教育”。故选 C 项。
31．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这所学校不仅为村里的孩子提供教育，还用来向全村传授新的技能和知识。A. tradition 传统；B. knowledge 知识；C. wealth 财富；D. freedom 自由。根据前面“new skills”，可知此处表达 “技能和知识”。故选 B 选。
32．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：非洲有很多聪明能干的年轻人。 A. generous 慷慨的；B. patient 有耐心的； C. modest 谦虚的；D. capable 能干的。根据前文“bright” (聪明的)，可知此处形容词与之对应的是“能干的”。 故选 D 项。
33．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但只有通过接受教育，他们才能建设一个更美好的世界。 A. devotion 投入； B.
access 进入或使用； C. tendency 趋势； D. application 申请。根据“they be able to build themselves a better
world”，可知此处表达“只有通过接受教育”。故选 B 项。
34．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，甘多学校是一个成功的学校，因为村民们不再认为他们的孩子上学
而不是在田里工作是浪费时间。凯尔说。 A. treat 对待； B. term 学期； C. success 成功； D. promise 承诺。
根据后文“no longer see it as a waste of time”，可知此处表达“甘多学校是一个成功的学校”。故选 C 项。 35．
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：对我来说，甘多学校是一个成功的学校，因为村民们不再认为他们的孩子
上学而不是在田里工作是浪费时间。 “凯尔说。 A. instead of 代替； B. except for 除……之外；C. thanks to
由于； D. far from 远没有。根据后文“working in the fields”与前文“to be in school”是相反的。故选 A 项。
36 ．the
37 ．global
38 ．held
39 ．is
40 ．has made
41 ．equipment
42 ．to ensure
43 ．yearly
44 ．if##when
45 ．to
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在中国召开的国际粮食减损大会的主要内容。分析了目前粮食浪费的现状， 以及中国为此作出的努力，呼吁反对浪费。
36．
考查冠词。句意：随着国际粮食损失和浪费会议于周六在山东省济南市闭幕， 中国向世界发出了一个信号， 即中国将通过减少农业损失和浪费来解决粮食安全问题。根据句意可知，此处 world 是特殊名词，因为只 有一个世界，所以必须加 the。故填the。
37．
考查形容词。句意：以减少粮食损失和粮食浪费、促进全球粮食安全为主题，为期三天的线上和线下活动
吸引了 300 多名参与者。设空处缺少形容词修饰名词短语 food security，故填 global。
38．
考查过去时。句意：以减少粮食损失和粮食浪费、促进全球粮食安全为主题，为期三天的线上和线下活动 吸引了 300 多名参与者。粮食减损大会已经闭幕， 文中描述的是发生在过去的事情， 因此使用一般过去时。 故填 held。
39．
考查主谓一致。句意：因此，只要损失一个百分比，就等于损失 2 800 万吨粮食。本句的主语是the loss of only one percentage，因此谓语动词用单数。故填 is。
40．
考查现在完成时。句意：近年来，中国在控制粮食损失和浪费方面取得了很大进展，主要努力包括升级设 施和设备。现在完成时的时间标志词 Inrecent years,，并且根据句意可知 makeprogress 发生在过去并且对 现在有影响，因此使用现在完成时，故填 has made。
41．
考查名词。句意：近年来，中国在控制粮食损失和浪费方面取得了很大进展，主要努力包括升级设施和设 备。and 连接的两个并列成分，facilities 是名词，因此设空处应填不可数名词 equipment。故填 equipment。 42 ．
考查动词不定式。句意：在中国主要粮食生产省份山东省， Sinograin 粮仓配备了4500 个高清摄像头和 28 万个温度传感器，以确保库存处于最佳状态。设空处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填 to ensure。
43．
考查副词。句意：数据显示，在中国“十三五”期间(2016-2020 年)，每年节约粮食约 1300 万吨。分析句子 结构可知，副词 yearly 修饰动词 save 。故填 yearly。
44．
考查连词。句意：如果我们不解决严重的粮食损失和浪费问题， 我们就无法消除饥饿。分析句子结构可知， 设空处前后皆为完整的句子，因此此处应填连词，根据句意可知，从句为条件状语从句，故填 if/when 。 45．
考查固定搭配。句意：商业模式、技术和数字解决方案方面的合作与创新都可以有助于减少粮食损失和浪 费。 contribute to 为固定搭配，意为“贡献” ，to 为介词，故填 to。
46 ．Food Safety
Food safety is very important to us. As the old saying goes,the food is what matters to the people. Food plays an important role in people's life.How can we make food safe
First, we shouldn’t go out to eat fast food often. At the restaurant there is also some food that isn’t safe, such
as unhealthy oil. Second, we should make food clean before cooking. Remember to boil food. Third, we should buy and eat food carefully. If the food is in bags, we should read instructions and dates carefully. Make sure the food is safe. At the same time ,our consumers should learn more knowledge about food safety.
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文， 要求考生写一篇倡议书， 说明食品安全的重要性及保证食品安全的措施， 最后 就注重食品安全提出倡议。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1.说明食品安全的重要性。
2.保证食品安全的措施：
1)尽量不在外面吃饭；
2)保证食物干净并充分煮熟；
3) 多学习相关食品安全知识。
第二步:列提纲 (重点词组)
be very important to ;play an important role in; unhealthy oil;make food clean;in bags,read instructions and dates; make sure; food safety.
第三步：连词成句
1. Food safety is very important to us.
2. Food plays an important role in people's life.
3. we shouldn’t go out to eat fast food often.
4. we should make food clean before cooking.
5. we should buy and eat food carefully.
6. If the food is in bags, we should read instructions and dates carefully.
7. our consumers should learn more knowledge about food safety.
根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇(衔接词)
1.表文章结构顺序： First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3. 表转折对 比关系 ：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause( 从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系： Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】
文章要内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。that 引 导的定语从句 At the restaurant there is also some food that isn’t safe, such as unhealthy oil. if 引导的条件状语 从句 If the food is in bags, we should read instructions and dates carefully. 言简意赅，显得很有文采，同时文
章中过渡词的合理使用可以使文章条理清晰，层次分明。
47 ．Paragraph 1. I was a little surprised and asked him what test I passed. He told me that he took the watch and ran away to see my reaction and for that good forty-five minutes he was hiding in a building and watching my expressions. He said that I simply kept quiet. There was no sign of anger or disappointment on my face. Nor did I start to catch up with him angrily. He said that meant I was generous and regarded him as one ofmy family members.
Paragraph 2. Then I asked him why he gave me food to eat. He told me that when I gave them something to eat, they ate happily so he wanted to see whether I was happy to eat what he gave me. I happily ate the food he gave me in his presence. He was greatly moved and felt that I did not mind his dirt. I am one of them. I realized these kids are hungry for love and trust.
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开， 讲述了作者多年来一直同情关爱孤儿， 经常尽自己所能帮助他们， 并和他们一起 体验生活。一次作者给孤儿们买了一些吃的和他们共享， 一个男孩摘走了作者的手表， 作者并没有生气和 着急， 继续和孩子们共享食物。 45 分钟后， 男孩回来了， 作者没有追问男孩手表的事， 男孩把手表还给作 者，还分给作者面包吃。男孩还告诉作者通过了他的测试。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我有点吃惊，问他我通过了什么考试。”可知，第一段可描写男孩指的是什么测试， 怎样测试。 ②由第二段首句内容“然后我问他为什么给我食物吃。 ”可知，第二段可描写男孩的理由和作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：用手表测试——观察作者表情——发现作者把他当作家人——用食物测试—— 男孩被感动— —通过测试——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①观察表情： watch expressions /observe expressions
②追赶： catch up with /run after
③意识到： realize/be aware of/ aware 情绪类
①高兴： be happy/be cheerful/delight
②渴望： long for/be eager to/desire to do 【点睛】
[高分句型 1] Nor did I start to catch up with him angrily. (否定词 Nor 开头的倒装句)
[高分句型 2] He told me that when I gave them something to eat, they ate happily so he wanted to see whether I was happy to eat what he gave me. (that ，whether ，what 引导宾语从句)
[高分句型 3]I happily ate the food he gave me in his presence. (he gave me 是定语从句)