Module 4 A Social Survey grammar同步学案
文档属性
| 名称 | Module 4 A Social Survey grammar同步学案 |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 14.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-10-13 14:54:35 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
外研版 Book 1 in Senior middle school
Module 4
A Social Survey-My Neighbourhood
Grammar
一、知识点拨
Grammar The present perfect tense：
(一) 现在完成时的基本用法：
1. 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成。现在完成时常与up to now, so far, already, yet, now, recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词连用。e.g.
I have finished my work.
We have set up many new factories.
2. 动作发生在过去, 强调对现在的结果或影响等。
Have you ever seen the film Harry Potter
I’ve spent 3 years in the countryside.
3. 表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在, 甚至还可能继续下去, 句中使用持续性动词, 且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。
We haven’t seen each other for ten years.
I’ve been an English teacher for about 20 years.
4. 现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中, 表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。
I’ll go home as soon as I have finished my homework.
Please lend me that book if you have finished reading it.
(二) 使用现在完成时的句型
1) 现在完成时 + since + 点时间状语(名词、短语、从句,其中从句用一般过去时)
2) 现在完成时 + for + 段时间状语
3) It/This is the first/其他序数词/last time + that 从句中, 从句使用现在完成时。
★ 注意: 在下面的句子中, 主句的谓语动词常用一般现在时：
It is three years since I began to work on the farm.
It’s a long time since I saw you last.
(三)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响，强调的是现在的情况，所以
① 时间状语不同
一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用（表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态）。
We visited Beijing last summer.
(last summer为具体的过去时间,因此用一般过去时)
现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语或无时间状语（表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态）连用。
The countryside has c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hanged a lot in the past few years.( in the past few years为模糊的时间)
②与现在的联系不同
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有联系。
I read the novel last week. 我上星期看了这部小说。
(只说明上星期看过这部小说,不涉及现在的情况)
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I have read the novel.我看过这部小说。
(强调对现在的影响,即我了解这部小说的内容)
③与时间段连用的不同
一般过去时与一段时间状语连用表示动作没有持续到现在。
He lived here for 6 years when he was young.
(他现在不住在这里了)
现在完成时与一段时间状语连用表示动作持续了现在。
He has lived here since 1985.
(他现在还住在这里)
④与相似状语连用的区别
一般过去时
in the past“在过去”可以作一般过去时的时间状语
Women were looked down upon in the past.
过去妇女被瞧不起。
现在完成时
in/during/over the past/last few years“在过去的几年里”为现在完成时的时间状语
China has experienced ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) great changes in the past few years.在过去的几年里,中国经历了巨大的变化。
(四) 现在完成时中的终止性动词与延续性动词：
1. 终止性动词: 表示短 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )暂的运动状态，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，常用的动词有： come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, get, get up , join, marry, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die等。
2. 延续性动词: 表示长时间的运动状态,能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
常用的动词有: live, stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dy, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, eat, run等。
专项练习I：
1.Both his parent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know
2.He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he
A. already B. never C. ever D. still
3.Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago
4.—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
5.Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will ; study
C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
6.We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
7.Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
8.—______ you ___ your homework yet
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished
C. Have ; done ; have finished D.Will ; do ; finish
9. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
10.—Do you know him well
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
参考答案：
1—5 BBCCC6—10 CBBDB
Module 4
A Social Survey-My Neighbourhood
Grammar
一、知识点拨
Grammar The present perfect tense：
(一) 现在完成时的基本用法：
1. 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成。现在完成时常与up to now, so far, already, yet, now, recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词连用。e.g.
I have finished my work.
We have set up many new factories.
2. 动作发生在过去, 强调对现在的结果或影响等。
Have you ever seen the film Harry Potter
I’ve spent 3 years in the countryside.
3. 表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在, 甚至还可能继续下去, 句中使用持续性动词, 且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。
We haven’t seen each other for ten years.
I’ve been an English teacher for about 20 years.
4. 现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中, 表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。
I’ll go home as soon as I have finished my homework.
Please lend me that book if you have finished reading it.
(二) 使用现在完成时的句型
1) 现在完成时 + since + 点时间状语(名词、短语、从句,其中从句用一般过去时)
2) 现在完成时 + for + 段时间状语
3) It/This is the first/其他序数词/last time + that 从句中, 从句使用现在完成时。
★ 注意: 在下面的句子中, 主句的谓语动词常用一般现在时：
It is three years since I began to work on the farm.
It’s a long time since I saw you last.
(三)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响，强调的是现在的情况，所以
① 时间状语不同
一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用（表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态）。
We visited Beijing last summer.
(last summer为具体的过去时间,因此用一般过去时)
现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语或无时间状语（表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态）连用。
The countryside has c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hanged a lot in the past few years.( in the past few years为模糊的时间)
②与现在的联系不同
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有联系。
I read the novel last week. 我上星期看了这部小说。
(只说明上星期看过这部小说,不涉及现在的情况)
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I have read the novel.我看过这部小说。
(强调对现在的影响,即我了解这部小说的内容)
③与时间段连用的不同
一般过去时与一段时间状语连用表示动作没有持续到现在。
He lived here for 6 years when he was young.
(他现在不住在这里了)
现在完成时与一段时间状语连用表示动作持续了现在。
He has lived here since 1985.
(他现在还住在这里)
④与相似状语连用的区别
一般过去时
in the past“在过去”可以作一般过去时的时间状语
Women were looked down upon in the past.
过去妇女被瞧不起。
现在完成时
in/during/over the past/last few years“在过去的几年里”为现在完成时的时间状语
China has experienced ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) great changes in the past few years.在过去的几年里,中国经历了巨大的变化。
(四) 现在完成时中的终止性动词与延续性动词：
1. 终止性动词: 表示短 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )暂的运动状态，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，常用的动词有： come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, get, get up , join, marry, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die等。
2. 延续性动词: 表示长时间的运动状态,能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
常用的动词有: live, stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dy, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, eat, run等。
专项练习I：
1.Both his parent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know
2.He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he
A. already B. never C. ever D. still
3.Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago
4.—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
5.Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will ; study
C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
6.We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
7.Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
8.—______ you ___ your homework yet
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished
C. Have ; done ; have finished D.Will ; do ; finish
9. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
10.—Do you know him well
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
参考答案：
1—5 BBCCC6—10 CBBDB