外研版英语八年级上重点句子
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Module 1 How to learn English
Unit 1 Let’s try to speak English as much as possible.
1.You should always speak English in class.
should ﹢动词原型 -- “ 应该做某事”
2.Why don’t you write it down
Why don’t you ﹢动词原型 “为什么不… ”= Why not ﹢动词原型
Eg. Why don’t you go to school
= Why not go to school
3. Try to do sth 尽力去做某事
Try not to do sth 尽量不要去做某事
4.Welcome back to swh.欢迎回到…….
5.Let’s try to speak English as much as possible.让我们尽量说英语
As much as possible =as much as sb can
6.Why not write down our mistakes in our notebooks 为什么不把我们的错误写在笔记本中？
Why not +do(动词原形)，
7.Don’t forget to wr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ite down the correct answers next to the mistakes.不要忘了在错误旁写下正确的答案。
Forget to do sth….
8.It’s a good idea to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) spell and pronounce new words aloud every day.每天拼写并且大声拼读新单词是一个不错的主意。It’s a good idea to do sth.
9.You don’t need to understand every word.你不必明白每一个单词。
Don’t need to =don’t have to
10.That’s the same for reading.阅读也是一回事。
11.I get to know a lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t about the world through reading.通过阅读我逐渐对世界知道了很多。
Get to know …about sth.A
12.Who has some advice？谁有更多的建议？
13.practise doing sth 练习做某事
我怎样练习讲英语？
How can I practise speaking English
14.be good /bad for 对…有利/ 好处 (有害)
它对你的词汇积累有好处。
It’s good for your vocabulary .
15.say hello to sb 向某人问好
say sorry to sb 向某人道歉
say goodbye to sb 向某人道别
向他们问好怎么样？
How about saying hello to them
16.look for 寻找 （强调过程）
find 找到 （ 强调结果）
为什么你不在你城镇找一些讲英语的人呢？
Why don’t you look for some people
who speak English in your town
17.take / show sb around sw
带某人参观/游览某地
尝试交朋友并且带他们参观你们的城镇。
Try to make friends and show them
around your town .
18.invite / ask sb to sw 邀请某人到某地来
invite/ ask sb to do sth邀请某人做某事
19.你应该邀请你的新英国朋友到你的俱乐 部来.
You should invite your new English friends to your club !
20.Best wishes 最好的祝愿
21. What else 别的什么
else与other （别 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的，其它的）的 else与other （别的，其它的）的用法：else作形容词时，通常放在疑问词或anything , something, nothing, nobody, something等之后； else作副词时，通常放在疑问副词之后。 other作形容词，通常放在被修饰的名词之前; other还可作代词。
Unit 2 You should smile at her!
1. send…to 发送 , 送
2. Many students ask for advice about improving their English.
很多学生对怎样提高他们的英语征求别人的意见。
ask for advice about sth. / doing sth.
向某人征求意见做某事
3. I enjoy watching ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) English films and listening to real English songs.
我喜欢看英语电影和听地道的英文歌。
enjoy+动词的-ing形式
I enjoy watching TV / listening to the music.
4. But it takes a long time.
但要花很长的时间。
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
花费某人多长时间做某事
A: It takes me twenty minutes to go to school.
B: It took him half an hour to do his homework.
C: It will take her an hour to finish her work.
5. Just enjoy yourself！玩的尽兴！
enjoy oneself 玩得很愉快
I enjoyed myself at the party yesterday.
6. be shy 害羞的
Don’t be shy when you speak English.
7. What should I do
我该怎么办？
8. These are good questions to start a
conversation.
这些都是开始一段会话的好问题。
This /That ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is a great way to do sth /These are good questions to do sth
9. take a deep breath 深呼吸
Take a deep breath before you swim.
10. Write them on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pieces of paper and place them in your bedroom.
把它们写在纸上，然后贴在卧室。
a piece of paper 一张纸
two pieces of paper 两张纸
some pieces of paper 几张纸
place/put … in 放……在……
He places his bike in the hall./ on the
playground.
11. How about counting the English words. 数一数
Can you count the stars in the sky
counter 柜台
accountant 会计
表示提建议的句型有：
1. How/What about …
2. Would you like …
3. Let’s …
4. Why don’t you…
5. Why not…
6. You should/shouldn't …
7. It's a good idea to do.....
常用的回答是：
That’s a good/great idea.
OK./ All right.
重点短语
1. look up查;查找
2. make a mistake犯错误 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
3. talk about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )谈论;讨论
4. speak En ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )glish讲英语
5. write down写下;记下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
6. next to在……旁边;紧挨 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )着
7. listen to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )radio听广播
8. be good for对……有好处 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
9. write to给……写信 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
10. a little有点 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
11.agree with s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )b.同意某人
12. talk to跟……交谈 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
13. send….to sb.把……( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )发)送给某人
14. ask for请求 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(给予)
15. watch films看电影 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
16. be from来自
17. smile at冲……微笑
18. go to bed去睡觉 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
19. get up起床
20. think about考虑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
21. make friends ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with sb.与某人交朋友
22. take sb. around ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )带领某人参观……
23. a few几个;一些 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
24. invite sb. to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )邀请某人到……
25. be good at擅长 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
26. for example例如
Module 2 My home town and my country.
Unit 1 It’s taller than many other buildings.
1. How was your weekend Pretty good!
pretty good表示“相当好”。用于对How’s … /What do you think of …
In fact, it on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly became important in the 1980s. It’s getting bigger and busier.
1) in fact 表示“事实上”。
e.g. In fact, Taiwan is a part of China.
事实上，台湾是中国的一部分。
2) in the 1980s 表示“在20世纪80年代”。
结构为“in the + 年 + s”。
e.g. in the 1930s 在20世纪30年代
3）become important 表示“变得重要”。
getting big ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ger and cleaner 表示“变得更大和更干净”。 become 和 get 表示“变得”，用法 等于 be。
become，get，go，grow这几个词作连系动词时，都可以表“变成”，但也有些区别：
become较正式， get和go较口语化。此外become和get可由好变坏，也可由坏变好，而go通常是由好变坏。例如：
The situation has become even better／worse. 情况变得更好／糟了。
They are getting richer and richer／poorer and poorer.他们越来越富了／穷了。
The woman had gone mad. 那女人疯了。
grow作“变成”时，有“逐渐变成新的状态”的意思。
例如： My younger brother is growing tall. 我的弟弟渐渐长高了。
4. That’s larger than the population of many other cities in China.
population 表示“人口”，一般用单数。
e.g. What’s the population 表示“人口有多少？”
What’s the population of America 美国的人口是多少？
China has a large population。 中国的人口庞大。
5. Its streets are much wider and cleaner too.
much后面加比较级，用来修饰比较级，表示“更……”。
e.g. Tom runs much faster than Mike.汤姆比迈克跑得更快。
Unit 2 Cambridge is a beautiful city in the east of England.
1.I came from Cambridge, a beautiful city in the east of England.
in the east of…表示“在……的东方”。
类似的表达如下：
in the west of…表示“在……的西方”。
in the south of…表示“在……的南方”。
in the north of…表示“在……的北方”。
2. It is on the river Cam and has a population of about 120,000.
1) on the river Cam 表示“在康桥河畔”， on表示在河的沿岸。
2) have a population of …表示“有……人口”。指人口的多少用large或small。
3. There are lots of old buildings and churches to visit.
lots of 表示“许多，大量的”，后面加可数名词或不可数名词。
例如：lots of buildings
4. England itself is part of an island,…
be part of 表示“是……的一部分”。
e.g. Taiwan is part of China.台湾是中国的一部分。
5. My home town is especially famous for its university.
be famous for 表示“因……而闻名”，后接闻名的原因。
e.g. Now York is famous for its high buildings. 纽约以高楼大厦而闻名。
He is famous for his novels. 他因他的小说而出名。
本课小结：
1. 形容词的比较级：
(1)定义:
(2)变化规则：
① 一般的直接在词尾加er。
② 以e结尾的，直接加r。
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i再加er。
④ 双写最后的辅音字母再加er。
(3)形容词比较级的结构：
(4)形容词比较级的修饰词:
在比较级前常用 much (……得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )多) ，even (甚至)，still (更)，a little (一点)，a bit (有点)等来修饰形容词，表示“程度进一步加深”。
2. 重点短语:
1. pretty good相当好;很好 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2. in fact事实上
3. in the 198 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )0s在20世纪80年代
4. one day有一天 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
5. come from来自
6. lots of许多
7. be famous for以……而闻名
8. part of ……的一部 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分9. more than超过;多于
10. on the coast在海岸边
11. in the east/south/west/north of…在……的东/南/西/北部
Module 3 sports
Unit 1 Nothing is more enjoyable than playing tennis.
1. — What’s the score 比分是多少？
— Spain scored a minute ago.西班牙（队）一分钟前得分了。
在第一个句子中，score 是名词，意思是“比分, 进球数” ; 第二个句子中的
score 是动词, 表示“得分, 进球”。
2. So this week’s match is already more exciting.
因此, 这周的比赛早已更令人激动。
英语中的形容词有很多为多 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )音节词, 如: dangerous, difficult, exciting, expensive, beautiful, popular 等, 其比较级形式是在该形容词前加 more。除了多音节形容词变比较级要用 more 之外, 部分双音节形容词, 如 careful, tiring, boring 等比较级也是在其前加 more。
由此可见, 多音节形容词及部分双音节形容词比较级的句式结构为：
A + 谓语 + more + 多音节形容词/部分双音节形容词 + than + B。
① This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。
② He is more careful than the others.他比其他人更仔细。
③ The football match is more exciting. 足球赛更激动人心。
④ Your shirt is more expensive than mine. 你的衬衫比我的贵。
3. But you enjoyed watching the Olympic on TV, right
但是你喜欢在电视上观看奥运, 是吗？
enjoy 欣赏; 享受; 喜爱[+v.-ing]
I enjoyed _______ these books very much.
我很喜欢读这些书。
Tom doesn’t enjoy _______ to cinema.
汤姆不喜欢看电影。
4. And staying at home was easier than going to the stadium.
呆在家里比去体育馆容易。
stay at home “呆在家里”，在句子中作主语，因此要用动名词或不定式形式。
课文中像这样的句子还有：
Watching is not dangerous and it’s more relaxing too!
试一试。选出恰当的选项。
1. It was a _______ day and she feel very _______.
A. tiring; tired B. tiring; tiring
C. tired; tiring D. tired; tired
2. — How do you like your new job in the bank
— It’s _______. I do exactly the same thing every day.
A. interesting B. exciting
C. surprising D. boring
3. Li Na won the fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rst place in the final tennis game. Nobody else played
_________!
A. well B. better C. best
4. Of the two coa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts, she’d like to choose the _____ one to save money for a
book.
A. cheapest B. cheaper
C. more expensive D. most expensive
5. After practicing for several months, I can swim much _____ now.
A. slower B. slowest
C. faster D. fastest
6. — It’s so cold today.
— Yes, it’s _______ colder than it was yesterday.
A. some B. more
C. very D. much
7. — Which do you like ______, summer or winter
— I prefer summer.
A. good B. well
C. better D. best
Unit 2 This year we are training more carefully.
1.win与beat
这两个词都有“获胜, 打败”的意思, 但其后宾语不同。beat是“打败, 优于”的意思, 后面接人或队。如:
We beat them. 我们打败了他们。
win 指“赢, 获胜”, 后面接比 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )赛、名次。如: We won the match /game /race the first place. 我们赢了这场比赛/获得了第一名。
2. I am in our scho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ol team and we are going to play against another school next week.
我是校队成员，我们（队）下周将要和另一学校比赛。
against 为介词，表示“反对，与……对抗” 。例如：
1) Germany a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re playing against Brazil in the World Cup final tonight.
今晚德国将与巴西争夺世界杯冠军。
2) We will fight against the enemy.我们将与敌人交战。
3) They are strongly against the idea他们强烈反对这个主意。
4) Are you for or against my proposal 你们是同意还是反对我的计划？
3.That means we w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ill have a better chance ofwinning 这就意味着我们获胜的机会更大。have a chance of doing sth. 表示“有做某事的机会”.
例如：
1) You will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have a better chance of passing the exams if you work harder.
如果你们再用功一点，通过考试的机会就更大一点。
4. It is good to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have our fans around. They cheer us on loudly and we feel more confident to win the game.
有我们的球迷在周围真好，因为他们为我们欢呼加油。
cheer sb. on 的意思是“为……欢呼加油” 。
形容词的比较级（2）
上一模块我们学习了单音节形容词和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )部分双音节形容词的比较级构成形式和比较级句子的表达方式。那么，还有部分双音节和多音节形容词，它们的比较级是如何构成的呢？也是在词尾加-er 吗？不是的，一般这类形容词的比较级是在其前加 more 构成。例如：
1) Football is _____________ than baseball in most countries.
在很多国家，足球比棒球更流行。
2) Nothing is ______________ than playing tennis.
没有什么比打网球更令人愉快的了。
3) It’s ______________ to practise in winter (than in summer).
冬季训练（要比夏季训练）难度更大。
副词
英语中的副词该如何使用呢？应该放在句中的什么地方呢？一般来说，副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构。例如：
1) She plays the piano _______. 她钢琴弹得很糟。
2) I’m _______ tired after last night’s tennis match. 昨晚网球赛后我真的很累。
3) The teacher speaks very ________ and __________. 这位老师讲得很慢、很仔细。
注意副词与形容词在位置及功能上的不同，试比较：
1) The teacher speaks _________. 这位老师讲得很仔细。
2) The teacher is _________. 这位老师很细心。
副词修饰动词时通常出现在行 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为动词（实义动词）后，而形容词通常位于系动词之后或名词之前。另外, 有许多副词是由形容词+ly构成的。如：
careful + ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly → carefully quick + ly → quickly safe + ly → safely
busy + ly → busily heavy + ly → heavily
需要注意的是，有些词既可作形容词也可作副词。如: fast, early, late 等。
常用形容词、副词比较级不规则变化如下:
原级 比较级 原级 比较级
good, well better bad / ill, badly worse
many / much more little less
far farther / further
“the + 比较级，the + 比较级” 是比较级表达中的一个固定句式，表示“越……， 越……” 。 例如：
The more carefully you drive, the safer it is.开车越小心越好。
重点短语:
1. sit down坐下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2. stay at home待在家里 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
3. bad luck坏运气 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
4. watch TV看 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )电视
5. lose matc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hes输掉比赛
6. next time下一次 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
7. be good at擅长 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
8. play against对抗 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
9. warm up热身;做准备活动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
10. be late for迟到
11. cheer on用欢呼 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )声激励;为……加油
12. keep fit保持健康 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
13. get lost迷路 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
14. a minute ago一分钟之前 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 15. plenty of许多
16. be ready for为……做好 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )准备
17. at weekends在周末 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
18. in the countryside在乡村
Module 4 Planes,ships and trains
Unit 1 He lives the farthest from school.
1. But nobody was late, except me. 但是没有人迟到，除了我。
（1）except “除……之外”，后面可接名词、代词、v.-ing形式、副词、介词短语和从句等。
e.g. I like every subject except math. 除了数学我每个学科都喜欢。
（2）besides “除……外, 另外还有”, 着重“另外还有”。
Eg. Besides English, he has to study German. 除了英语, 他还要学德语。 （学英语）
（3）except for也表示“除……以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。
Eg. I can answer all the questions except for the last one.
除了最后一题外，所有题目我都可以解答。
2. Maybe I should go to school by taxi. 或许我应该乘出租车上学。
（1）maybe “或许；可能”， 副词，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。
Eg. Maybe she’ll come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。
3）except for也表示“除……以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。
Eg. I can answer all the questions except for the last one.
除了最后一题外，所有题目我都可以解答。
2. Maybe I should go to school by taxi. 或许我应该乘出租车上学。
（1）maybe “或许；可能”， 副词，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。
Eg. Maybe she’ll come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。
【辨析】
may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构，意为“也许是、可能是”。
Eg. He may be a soldier. 他可能是名军人。
（2）by taxi “乘坐出租车” by+交通工具 “乘……， 坐……”。
注意：表示交通工具的名词前不能有冠词。
表达交通方式
1.骑自行车 ride to … = go to…by bike/on a bike
2.乘公共汽车 go to… by bus/on a bus = take/catch a bus
3.坐汽车 drive to …= go to…by car/in a car
4.乘火车 go to …by train/on a train =take /catch a train
5.乘轮船 by ship /sea
6.乘飞机 fly to…=go to…by plane/air/on a plane
7.乘渡轮 by ferry
8. 乘地铁 take the underground = go to ... by subway
3. How does Tony go to school 托尼怎么去上学？
how是疑问副词，意为“如何、怎样”，用来询问交通方式
4. far adv. 远；遥远 adj. 远的；遥远的
e.g. He took his journey into a far country. 他到一个遥远的国家去旅行。
How far can you throw 你能扔多远？
far from 远离
e.g. The school is far from my home. 学校里离我家很远。
close adj. （距离上）近的；接近的
adv. （距离上）接近地
close to 离……近e.g. The church is close to the school. 教堂在学校附近。
They live quite close. 他们住得很近。
crowded adj .拥挤的；人数过多的
e.g. It is so crowded that there is not even stand room. 挤得几乎没有站立的地方。
choice n. 选择
e.g. They may have no choice. 他们可能没有别的选择。
crowd是该词的名词和动词形式。
作名词时，意为“人群”。
作动词时，意为“拥挤”。
all the time 一直；不断地
e.g. He is a businessman all the time. 他一直是个生意人。
book v. 预定
e.g. I’m afraid these seats are already booked.
对不起，这些座位都有人订了。
I booked a table for two at eight o’clock in the evening.
我预订了晚上8点的两人桌。
park v. 停；放（车）；泊（车）
e.g. You’re not allowed to park in this street. 不准在这条街上停放车。
outside prep. 在……之外 adv. 在外面；朝户外 n. 外面；外部
adj. 外部的；外表, 反义词: inside
unit 2What is the best way to trave
1. journey, travel 和 trip 的用法辨析
journey名词，意为“旅行”、“旅程”。常指远距离的或陆地的旅行。一般指单程，不回到出发地的旅行。
travel 名词，意为“旅行”。泛指一般意义的旅行，不能特指某一次的旅行。前面可以用物主代词，但不能与many或数词连用。
trip名词，意为“旅行”、“远足”。常指近距离的旅行或远足。一般指双程，还回到出发地的旅行。
2. take,cost,spend和pay的用法辨析
1. How long doe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s the journey take, and what is the best way to travel 这次旅行花费了多长时间？旅行的最好方式是什么？
1) take 是动词，表示“花费或需要用一定的时间”。
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
“做某事花费某人……时间”
Eg. It takes her an hour to finish the work. 完成这项工作花费了她一个小时的时间。
(2) the best way to travel “最好的旅行方式”。
way “方式；方法”
2. However, it will no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t cost as much as going by train.然而，它花费将不如乘坐火车多。
cost 的用法
(1) 动词 “花费” The book cost me 10 yuan.
(2) 名词 “价格” The cost of the book is 10 yuan.
(1) It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.
(2) sb. spend 钱或时间 on sth.
sb. spend钱或时间 (in) doing sth.
(3) sth. cost 钱.
sth. cost sb. 钱.(主语是物)
(4) sb.pay (钱)for sth.
3. however adv. 然而；但是
e.g. My room is small. It’s very comfortable, however.
我的房间不大，但是非常舒适。
辨析however 和but
1. 从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味比however强。
2. 从语法上看，but是个并列连词，而however却是个副词。
3. 从语序上看，but总是位于它所引出的分句之首，而however却可位于分句之首、之中或之尾。
4. 从标点上看，but之 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一般不得使用逗号，但however位于分句之首时，通常用逗号；位于分句之中时，通常在其前、后各加一个逗号；位于分句之尾时，则必须在其前加逗号。
e.g. We love peace, but we are not afraid of war.
我们热爱和平，但是我们并不害怕战争。
He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later.
他还没有到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。
He said that it was so. He was mistaken, however.
他说事情是这样的，然而他错了。
4. 讲解点拨
The more information, the better. 信息越多越好。
“the +比较级，the + 比较级”是个固定
句型，意为“越… …，就越… …”。
e.g. The older he gets, the happier he is. 他越活越开心。
The more dangerous it is, the more he likes it. 越危险他越喜欢。
形容词、副词的最高级
形容词和副词的最高级的变化形式：
Ⅰ.规则变化:在词尾加-est或在单词前面加most
单音节和少数双音节词 一般在词尾加-est tall→tallest long→longest
以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-st fine→finest late→latest
重读闭音节词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母再加-est big→biggest thin→thinnest
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”再加-est easy→easiest busy→busiest
大多数双音节和多音节单词在单词前加mos
careful → most careful dangerous → most dangerous
slowly →most slowly beautiful →most beautiful
Ⅱ.常见形容词、副词最高级不规则变化:
原级 最高级 原级 最高级
1.)good，well best 2.)bad/ill, badly worst
3.)many/much most 4.)little least
5.)far farthest/furthest
形容词的最高级前通常要加定冠词the； 副词的最高级前可加可不加。
在表示“A比B……”是，我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们用A is … than B，但最高级表达的是三个及三个以上的事物的比较状况，所以后面通常用in/of/among…来表示比较的范围。例如：
Jack is the tallest in our class.杰克是我们班个子最高的。
Tom lives (the) closest to school of all my classmates.
在我们班所有的同学中，汤姆住得离校最近。
形容词、副词最高级的特殊用法
（1）比较级 + than + an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y other + 名词单数 = 比较级 + than + the other + 名词复数 = the + 最高级
（2）序数词+形容词的最高级表示：“第几最……”
（3）表示“最……之一”:one of +最高级+名词复数
（4）最高级前一般要加“the”；当最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，则不加“the”。
1. by bike骑自行车
2. far from远离 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
3. road accident公 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )路上的交通事故
4. as well也 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
5. get crowded变得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )拥挤
6. have a great tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ip旅途愉快
7. take a plane乘飞机
Module 5 Lao She Teahouse
Unit 1 I wanted to see the Beijing Opera.
1. ... so Lingling offered to take me there.
……因此，玲玲提出带我去(那)。
① offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
给某人提供某物
The old man offered me a nice room.
这位老人给我提供了一个不错的房间。
② offer to do sth. 提出要做某事
She offered to buy a colour TV.
她提出要买一台彩电。
2. ... but in the end, we stayed for three hours.
…… 但是最后， 我们待了三个小时。
in the end “最后；终于”，相当于at last / finally
【辨析】at the end 一般与of连用，表示“在……的尽头/末尾”
There is a post office at the end of the street.
街道的尽头有一家邮局。
At the end of every term ,we have exams.
在每个学期末，我们举行测试。
1. If you like the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Beijing Opera, traditional music or magic shows, you can enjoy them at the teahouse.
如果你喜欢京剧，传统音乐或魔术表演，你可以在茶馆里欣赏。
if 为连词 , 意为： “如果；若” , 引导条件状语从句
结构：if引导的条件状语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。从句位于主句之前时，常用逗号将其与主句隔开。
时态：主句用一般将来时或主句谓语中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )含情态动词（如must, can, could, should等）时，或主句是祈使句， if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来意义。
例如：1. If you copy my homework this time, you will start a bad habit.
2. I’ll ask the teacher for help if I don’t understand.
3. If the traffic lights are red, you must stop and wait.
4. You can pass the exam if you work hard.
5. Take some exercise if you want to lose weight.
2. Lao She Teahous ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e gives a warm welcome to everyone from all over the world.
老舍茶馆热烈欢迎来自世界各地的朋友。
give a warm welcome to…
意为“热烈欢迎……”，其中 welcome 是名词。
接不定式作宾语的动词一般有：
三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝; 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。
【妙语诠释】：
三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want， agree，promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse
设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide
不要假装在选择：pretend，choose
动词不定式和双宾语
1.动词不定式：
在英语中，并不是所有两个动词连 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用时都采用动词+不定式的形式，一般来说，用不定式时，所表示的多为将来的行为。但是在具体使用中同学们还要注意记忆，因为动词不同，对其后动词形式的要求也就不同。常见的后面接“to + 动词原形”作宾语的动词有:plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love。
2. 双宾语
有些动词可以接两个宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直
接宾语，这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。结构为“及物动词+间
接宾语+直接宾语”。有时还可用“及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语” 结构来表达。
I passed him ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a bottle of apple juice.=I passed a bottle of apple juice to him.
我递给他一瓶苹果汁。
后接介词to 的动词有：give, show, pass, lend, take, tell 等；
后接介词for的动词有：buy, make, cook, get, sing, read等;
一般来讲，for表示“为某人”，而to表示“给某人”，即表示
某人接受或收到了某物。例如：
give sb. sth. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) = give sth. to sb. bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb.
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. hand sb. sth. = hand sth. to sb.
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.
leave sb. sth. = leave sth. to sb. teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb.
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb.
read sb. sth. = read sth. for sb.
重点短语：
1. in the end最后，终于 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2.be famous for因 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )……而出名
3. would lik ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e想要
4.the beginning of…… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的开头
5. send sb. to sp.把某人送到某地 6.be named被命名为
7. give a warm w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elcome to热情欢迎… …
8. take place发生
Module 6 Animals in danger
1. But I am ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )more interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve...
be interested to do sth. 对做……感兴趣
be interested in sth. 对……感兴趣
be more interested in 对……更感兴趣
e.g. The boy is interested in the film.
2. …because it allows people to get closer to them.
to get closer to them在句中作宾语补足语，类似的结构有很多，例如：
ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事
e.g. His father ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) doesn’t allow him to play before he finishing his homework.
3. It’s sad to think of pandas and other animals in danger.
think of 想到，想出
e.g. What do you think of the zoo
in danger 处于险境，处于危险之中
e.g. The girl is very ill and her life is in danger.
4. … have a safe place to live…
表示“有安全的居住地”。
to live放在名词place的后面做定语。
5. …because vil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lages and farms are growing bigger and are taking away their land and forests.
take away 表示“夺去，拿走”。代词要放在中间。
e.g. Please take away your things.
1. Scientists are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) doing a lot of research to help pandas produce more babies…
do a lot of research表示“做大量研究”。
research是不可数名词。
produce表示“生育，繁殖”。
e.g. produce more babies
2. Each panda needs to eat a lot of bamboo every day.
every和each的区别
every “每”“各”，指三者或三者以上的整体，含有全体之意。
e.g. Every boy is here. 所有男孩都在这儿。
each “每一”“每个”，指两个或两个以上的每一个，着重于个别，如团体中一
个的人或物。
e.g. He spoke to each member of the team.
他和队里的每个队员都说了话。
3. In order to prote ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ct pandas in the wild, the government is setting up nature parks …
set up 创建，创办
e.g. He wants to set up a school for the poor children.
他想为贫困地区的孩子创办一所学校。
in order (not) to do sth. 为了（不）做……
e.g. In order to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be a doctor, you have to study for five years in a college.
要当一名医生，你需要在大学学习五年。
They need to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raise 5,000,000 US dollars in order to pay for the repairs.
为了支付修理费用，他们需要筹集500万美元。
4. And it chose the panda to be its symbol.
be the symbol of 表示“是……的象征”。
e.g. Green is the symbol of Spring.
绿色是春天的象征。
重点短语：
1. in danger处于危险中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2. be interest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed in对……感兴趣
3. think of想 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )起
4. take away拿走;带走 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
5. look of to:照顾;照料 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
6. find out找出;发现;查明 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
7. many kinds of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )许多种
8. set up建立;创立
Module 7 A famous story
一般来说，过去进行时是指“过去的某
一时间进行发生的动作或事情”。
一、结构
1. 过去进行时由“主语+was/were + 现在
分词”构成
e.g. We were having supper when the
phone rang.
我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
2. 过去进行时的否定式由“was/were not
+现在分词”构成
e.g. This time yesterday Jack was not
watching TV. He was repairing his
bike.
昨天这个时候，杰克不是在看电
视，而是在修理自行车。
二、基本用法
1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去
某一时间正在进行的动作。
e.g. He fell asleep when he was reading.
他看书时睡着了。
2. 过去进行时表示感 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感彩，也通常与always，forever等副词连用。
e.g. They were always quarrelling.
他们老是吵架。
3. 常用的时间状语：this m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orning，the whole morning，all day, yesterday，from nine to ten last evening，when，while，at that time，just now，a moment ago
1. get/be tired累了; 疲劳
无事可做 have nothing to do
在河边 by the river
by 1)在……旁边 (相当于near)
I stood by the window. 我站在窗户旁边.
2)think about考虑 think of (考虑; 认为我正考虑一个难题.
I’m thinking of a problem.
I’m thinking about a problem.
She was thinking of making a daisy
chain when suddenly a white rabbit
with pink eyes ran by her.
at that time 在那时
sb. be doing … when …
某人正在做某事, 正在这/那时发生了另一件事
I was walking when I met an old friend. 我正在散步, 这时我遇到了一个老朋友.
3 take sth. out of …将某物从……中取出来
他把书从书包中取出来。
He took his book out of the schoolbag.
take off 脱下; (飞机)起飞
take back 收回; 撤销
take away 拿走
take down 记录
跑过田地 run across the field
过马路 go across the road
追…… run after…
在树篱下 under the hedge
4 hear sb.后可以跟do sth.或doing sth.，但不能跟to do sth.。
hear / see ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/ notice sb. do sth. 强调听到 / 看到 / 注意到某动作发生的全过程；而hear / see / notice sb. doing sth. 则强调听到 / 看到 / 注意到某动作正在发生。
重点短语：
1. fall down跌倒;掉下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2. in a tree在树上
3. tea party ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )茶会
4. look at看……
5. once or twic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e偶尔 6. nothing strang。没有什么奇怪的事
7. think about考虑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
8.go off(灯)熄灭;停〔 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )电〕
9.on one's w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay to…在某人去……的路上
l0.be with sb.和某人在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一起
11. take the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lace of代替：接替
12. so... that…如此……以至 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于……
13. not as... as…不如……
Module 8 Accidents
1. You look pale.
pale表示“苍白的”，形容词。
look是感官动词。
look pale 看起来苍白
e.g. She has a pale face.
她脸色苍白。
2. While the l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ights were changing to red, a car suddenly appeared round the corner.
正当交通信号灯要变成红灯的时候，一辆小轿车突然从拐角处驶出来。
过去进行时可以和when, while, as引导的过去时间状语从句连用，形成复合句。
One day, when H ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enry was working in a restaurant, a snake suddenly appeared.
一天，当亨利正在餐馆里工作时，一条蛇突然钻了出来。
I was trying to pick it up when it bit me again.
我正试图捡起（那条蛇），突然它又咬了我一口。
As the doctors were checking him, the pain got worse.
医生给他做检查时，疼痛加剧了。
when，while，as都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。
一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
e.g. They arrived while we were having dinner. =
They arrived when we were having dinner.
我们吃饭的时候他们到了。
二、由when引导的时间状语从句，如 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )果主句是过去进行时，从句应该用一般过去时，表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作突然发生了，强调后一动作发生的突然性。
e.g. We were talking when the teacher came in.
我们正在讲话，老师（突然）进来了。
三、当主句和从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生的，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。
e.g. They were singing while were dancing.
他们在唱歌，我们在跳舞。
3. A car suddenly appeared round the corner.
appear v. 出现；显露
round prep. 转到（某物的）另一边
e.g. The boy suddenly appeared from under the bed.
小男孩突然从床下钻出来。
He walked round the corner into the next street.
他走过拐角，到了另一条街上。
The car stopped j ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ust in time, but the boy fell off his bike and hurt his knee.
in time表示“及时”，just强调“刚刚，正好” 。表达“及时做某事”可以用in time to do sth.
e.g. If we don’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hurry up, we won’t be in time to catch the train.
如果不抓紧时间的话，我们就来不及赶上火车了。
fell是fall的过去式。
fall off表示“从……跌落”。
e.g. He fell off the tree and hurt his leg。 他从树上跌落，摔伤了腿。
fall down表示“摔倒”。
e.g. You must watch your step so as not to fall down.
你必须留心脚下才不会跌下去。
5. Pay attention, stop at the red lights…
pay attention 表示“注意，留心”。
pay attention to n./ v-ing
表示“注意……”。
e.g. You must pay attention to your study. 你必须专心学习。
Please pay attention to spelling. 请注意拼写。
6. Don’t ride side by side with your friends.
side by side表示“并排的，肩并肩的”。
e.g. They were walking side by side in the street.
他们肩并肩走在街上。
1. It climbed out and hid somewhere.
climb out 表示“爬出来”。
climb out of …表示“从…爬出来”。
e.g. The cat couldn’t climb out of the hole.
那只猫没法从洞里 爬出来。
2. I was trying to pick it up when it bit me again.
be doing …when …表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作突然发生了。
此句强调“蛇又咬了我一口”这个动作。
e.g. They were working in the fields when it began to rain.
他们正在田里干活儿，突然下起雨了。
pick sth. up表示“捡起某物”，代词要放在中间。
pick sb. up 表示“接某人”。
e.g. He picked up his knife and fork.
他捡起了刀叉。
The next morning, my mum came to pick me up.
第二天早上, 妈妈来接我。
3. I threw it across the kitchen, and it landed on a table.
across是介词，在本句的意思是“从……的一边到另一边”， across还可以表示“对面，穿过”等。
e.g. The children ran across the street in front of our car.
这些孩子在我们的汽车前横冲过马路。
My best friend lives across the road 我最好的朋友住在马路对面。
4. While the snak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e was lying on the table, Henry quickly picked up his mobile phone and took a photo with it.
while引导的时间状语从句用进行时。
当主句的时态是现在时，while引导的从句用现在进行时; 当主句的时态是过去时，while引导的从句用过去进行时。
e.g. While the boy was reading the book he found a secret.
男孩读书的时侯，他发现了一个秘密。
5. As the doctors were checking him, the pain get worse.
句中的as表示当…的时候，用来引导时间状语从句。
get worse表示“变得更糟”。
worse是bad的比较级，worst是最高级。
e.g. As time goes by, my memory seems to get worse.
随着时间的流逝，我的记忆力似乎越来越差。
重点短语：
1. in time及时
2. fall off从……摔下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
3. pay attention留意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，注意
4. side by si ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )de肩并肩
5. all the time总是，时时刻刻 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
6. climb out爬出来 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
7. pick up捡起
8. get worse变得更糟
9. in great pain处于巨大的痛苦中
10. call people给人们打 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )电话
11. play mus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ic播放音乐
12. take photos照相 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
13. look at看 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
14. start wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th以……开始
15. make sur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e确定
16. next to在……旁
17. get hurt受伤
18. take off起飞
19. make a quick decision做出快速的决定
Module 9 Population
1. I’m prepa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ring some notes for a report called “Our growing population”.
我正在为一篇名为《我们不断增长的人口》的报告准备笔记。
prepare for… 为……做准备
prepare sth. for… 为……准备某物
Please prepare the table for the dinner.请摆好桌子吃饭。
2 too much+不可数名词
too many+可数名词
They bought too many eggs yesterday.
昨天他们买了太多鸡蛋。
She spent too much money on clothes.
她花太多钱买衣服。
注意: 和much too 区别开，much too用来修饰形容词/副词，表示“太……”
You are walking much too fast. Slow down. 你走的太快了，慢点。
3. Population increase is a big problem in many countries.
人口增长在很多国家都是很大的问题。
increase
① vt. 增大; 增加; 增强
② vi. 增大; 增加; 增强
Travel increases one’s knowledge of the world. 旅游增进人对世界的了解。
4.That makes over 131.4 million births a year.
make 意思为“ 计为，相当于”
birth 意思 “出生”
birthday 意思 “生日”
5. noise, voice 与 sound
noise 各种噪音或吵闹声
voice 指人的说话声、歌声或欢笑声
sound 指任何用耳朵能听见的声音。如：
1.I can’t hear you clearly, please raise your voice a little.
2.The thief （小偷） broke into the room without any sound.
3. The machine is working now, it is making a loud noise
二.不定冠词的用法
不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用在以辅音开头的名词前，an用在以元音开头的名词前。它的用法如下：
1.表示“一个”的意思，与数词one相同。
例如：Rome was not built in a day.
罗马不是一天建成的；伟业非一日之功
The project(项目，计划) will be carried out（执行，贯策） in a year or two.
2.表示一类人或事物。
例如：A dog is a faithful（忠诚的） animal.
3.表示“每一”，相当于per，用于某些表示时间、重量、长度等单位前。
例如：He earns two thousand yuan a month.
The train is running sixty miles(英里)an hour.
4.表示同样的人或事物，相当于the same。
例如：Birds of a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) feather（羽毛） flock (一群）together./They are people of a kind.
一群同样羽毛的鸟在一起/物以类聚，人以群分
5.物质名词或抽象名词前用a 或an表示具体意义、制成品或种类。
例如：1.Green tea is a wonderful tea. 2.She is a beauty.（美人）
3. Please give me a coffee.
6.用于人名前，表示说话者对此人不认识，相当于“a certain”，也可指于某名人有类似性质的人或事物。
例如：A Mr. Chen came to see you this morning.
He wishes to become a Newton.
7.有些世界上独一无二的东西，如sun, m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oon, sky, universe（宇宙）,world（世间，地球） ,earth （地球）等，一般前面要用定冠词，但当他们前面有修饰语时，则要用不定冠词。
例如：We hope we can see a full moon tonight.
He sat in a chair, looking at a starry 布满星星的 sky.
8. 在作单数可数名词定语的形容词最高级前，
如果不表示“最”，而表“非常”，则用不定冠词。例如：
That is a best dictionary.
This is a most troublesome（费事的） case.（情形，情况)
9. 序数词前，一般有定冠词，但当表示“又一个”时，则要用不定冠词。
例如：They have a second house.
When I sat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )down, a fifth man rose (动词,rise的过去式 “站起来”）to speak.
10. 季节、月份、日期、三餐前有修饰语时,用不定冠词。
例如：We had a wonderful lunch.
We had a very cold winter last year.
11. 用在某些固定的短语中
例如：once upon a time （从前) in a hurry（匆匆忙忙）
have a rest have a good time
have a look all of a sudden （突然地）
have a cold/fever（发热）/cough/headache/pain（疼痛）
三、定冠词的用法。
1) 定冠词是指特定的人或物，用于特指的名词前。
例如：
The book is mine. 这本书是我的 。
2) 表示上文提到的或说话双方都知道的人或物。
例如：
I heard a report. The report was about war.
我听了一个报告，这个报告是关于战争的。
Please close the window before you fall asleep.
请在睡觉之前关上窗子。
用于序数词、形容词最高级以及对两者进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。
例如：
Our classroom is on the second floor.
It’s the most interesting book I have read.
I have two sisters. The elder one is a doctor.
4) 世界上独一无二的事物前常用the。例如：The moon goes round the earth.
5) 在姓的复数形式前加the，表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如：the Greens 格林一家人或格林夫妇。
6) 用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物。
the rich, the poor, the old
7) 用于江河、山脉、湖泊、岛屿、杂志和报纸等专有名词前。例如：
the Changjiang River, the Great Wall,
the Summer Palace
8) 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如：the United States
用于乐器名称前。例如： play the piano / violin
用于固定短语中.例如：at the moment, by the way, in the middle of
四、零冠词。
一般来说，在一个句子中有时不加冠词，如 We go to school by bus.
这种不加冠词的现象，就叫“零冠词”。
1) 复数可数名词前，表示人或物的类别，或泛指不定
量的人或物。例如：
Horses are useful animals.
There are pens and books on the desk.
2) 当名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词及名词所有格等修饰时。例如：
She is our math teacher.
The man in blue is Mary’s father.
No one can get this book.
3) 交通工具、学科名词前。
by boat, on foot
I like chemistry.
4) 球类运动、棋类游戏及语言名称前。
He prefers to play football.
The two old men are playing chess.
Can you speak English
5) 季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐等名词前。例如：
in spring, on Monday
Children’s Day is coming.
I ate some noodles for lunch.
6) 某些固定搭配的词组。
in public; go to bed
重点短语：
1. talk about谈论
2. such as例如
3. population incr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ease人口增长
4. make notes记笔记 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
5. the popula ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion of China中国的人口
6. one fifth五分之一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
7. I can't believe it!我简直无法相信!
8. 7 billion七十亿
9. hang on稍等
10. more than超过 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
11. close to靠近 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
12. not... any more不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )再
13. local sch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ool当地的学校
14. close down( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )永久)关闭，关停
15. in fact事 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )实上
16. all over the world ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )全世界
17. too much rub ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bish太多的垃圾
18. for example例如
Module 10 The weather
1. 问气温：
— What’s the temperature
气温怎么样？
— It’s between minus five and minus
two degrees!
零下5度到零下2度之间。
2. 问天气：
— What’s the weather like in …
= How is the weather in …
天气怎样？
— It’s snowy (cloudy, rainy, sunny,
windy ...).
下雪(多云、下雨、晴、有风……)
3. … although this year it snowed quite a lot. 虽然今年下了很多雪。
although = thou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gh conj. 然而; 尽管, 引导的从句不能与 but, however 连用, 但可与 yet, still 连用。例如：
1) 虽然他很累，但他继续工作。
Although / Thou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gh he was tired, he went on working. = He was tired, but he went on working.
2) 尽管他相当忙，但是还常常帮我学英语。
He often help ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s me with my English although / though he is quite busy.
= He is quite busy, but he often helps me with my English although.
4. Come on, better get going!
好了，走吧！
better get going 是 we’d better get going 的省略形式, 意思是“最好现在去/ 走”。例如：
We’d better get goi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng (= We’d better go now), or we’ll be late.
我们最好现在就走，不然要迟到了。
5. It’s probably sunny and hot there.
那里的天气可能晴朗、热。
It’ll probably be cold tomorrow.
明天可能冷。
probably adv. 大概; 或许; 很可能
英语中表示可能的方式有许多， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )除使用情态动词may / might 以外，还可以通过will 以及表示“可能” 的形容词和副词表达。常用的有：It is possible to do sth. ..., It is possible that …, 主语 + will probably / possibly + v.等。例如：
Is it possible to visit Alaska in December
十二月去阿拉斯加游览有可能吗？
It is possible that it’ll be snowy in the night.
晚上有可能会下雪。
It’ll probably be cold and wet.
天气很可能会又湿又冷。
注: probably 表示“很可能”，所以表示的可能性要比 possible 大。
1. The best time to visit New England is in September.
九月是去新英格兰游览的最佳时间。
这里的New Engla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd (新英格兰) 指的是美国东北部的一个地区, 它包括六个州：缅因州（Maine ）、 新罕布什尔州（New Hampshire）、佛蒙特州(Vermont)、马萨诸塞州(Massachusetts)、 罗得岛州(Rhode Island) 和康涅狄格州(Connecticut) 。这里的小镇非常美丽，每年秋天都会有大批游客来此游玩。1614年英国探险家约翰 史密斯 (John Smith) 给这个地方起名为新英格兰。
2. Bring your camera so you can take photos of the autumn trees.
带上你的照相机以便拍摄秋天的树木。
take photos of …的意思是“给……拍照”。
例如： I took a photo of Linda. 我给琳达拍了一张照片。
She took a lot of photos of the kids. 她给孩子们拍了许多照片。
3. In Texas an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the southeast, it’s usually very hot and sunny compared to other places.
和其他地方相比，得克萨斯州和东南部地区通常天气很热，阳光灿烂。
compared to 意为“和……比较”， 表示此意也可以用 compared with。
4. There are storms from time to time in summer and autumn.
但是夏秋季节时常有暴风雨。
from time to time 表示“有时, 间或”。
例如: He has moved to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) another city, but we write to each other from time to time.
他移居到了另外一座城市，但我们会时不时通通信。
语法知识：
情态动词本身有一定的词义，为谓语动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。我们学习过的 can 和 may 都属于这类词。
情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面接 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的动词需用原形，否定式是在情态动词后面加 not, 当我们想表达可能发生某事以及可能做某事时，可以用may / might 表示。例如：
It’s cloudy too, so it might snow.也是阴天，所以有可能会下雪。
带张地图，因为你可能想四 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )处走走。Bring a map because you may want to travel around. There may be a few showers, so bring an umbrella with you.
可能会有阵雨，所以随身带把伞吧。
might 与 may ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )没有太大的区别，形式上might 是 may 的过去式，但在表示将来的可能情况时，might 表示的可能性比may 表示的可能性还要小。
例如：Take your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) swimming clothes because you might want to go swimming in the sea.
带上游泳衣吧，说不定你想要到海里游泳呢。
英语中表示可能的方式有许多，除使用情态动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) may / might 以外，还可以通过will 以及表示“可能”的形容词和副词表达。常用的有：It is possible to do sth. ..., It is possible that …, 主语 + will probably / possibly + v.等。
例如：Is it possible to visit Alaska in December 十二月去阿拉斯加游览有可能吗？
It is possible that it’ll be snowy in the night. 晚上有可能会下雪。
It will probably be cold and wet. 天气很可能会又湿又冷。
probably 表示“很可能”，所以表示的可能性要比 possible 大。
重点短语：
1. quite a lot相当多 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2. as well也
3. take photos照相;拍照 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
4. all year round整年 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
5. compared to与……相比 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )较
6. from time to time有时;间或
7. make sure务必
8. have to必须;不得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不
9. during the da ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y在白天
10. go to the mountain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s去爬山
11. more than多于，超 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过
12. pay for付款
Module 11 Way of life
1. What’s a surprise!
surprise表示“惊奇，意外之事”。是名词。
e.g. — Although he is only ten years old, he runs the fastest.
— What a surprise!
尽管他只有十岁，但他跑得是最快的。多么神奇！
2. …we open a gift immediately.
immediately adv. 立即；直接地
e.g. Mary answered Peter's letter immediately.
玛丽立即给彼得回了信。
3. For example, in my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hometown, people say you mustn’t do any cleaning on the first day of the Spring Festival.
for example 例如
e.g. You can buy fruit here - oranges and bananas, for example.
你可以在这里买水果，例如买柑橘和香蕉。
4. You must only use red paper for hongbao because red means luck.
must表示“必须”，后面加动词原形。
mustn’t表示“禁止，一定不要”
e.g. You must go to school on time你必须按时上学。
5. You can’t be serious!
serious adj. 表示“认真的，不开玩笑的”。
e.g.— You got a full mark in the exam.
— You can’t be serious!
你考试必须拿满分。
你是开玩笑的吧！
1. For example, you mu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st say Mr and Mrs when you meet someone for the first time.
someone pron. 某人；有人
e.g. I seem to hear someone knocking at the door.
我好像听到有人在敲门。
for the first time表示“初次，第一次”。
e.g. I met him at the cinema for the first time.
我第一次碰到他是在电影院里。
2. Afternoon tea is not just a drink but a light meal at around 4 pm.
not just … but …表示“不仅仅……而且……”
e.g. He is not just a teacher but an inventor.
他不仅是位老师，而且还是个发明家。
3. … or you can take it away and eat it with your fingers!
take away在这里特指将餐馆的食品带走，而不是在餐馆食用。
e.g. — Would you eat it here or take it away
— I’ll take it away.
— 你是想在这里吃，还是带走？
— 我要带走。
因此在英国，外卖食品被称为“takeaway”
e.g. The restaurant provides takeaway service.
这个饭店提供外卖服务。
4. Once I noticed a gentleman touch a young man on the shoulder…
touch sb. on the sho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld 表示“拍某人的肩膀”，是英语的惯用表达，其他类似的表达例子如：pat sb. on the head 拍某人的头 kick sb. in the leg 踢某人的腿
重点短语：
1. a chess set一副国际象棋 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2.video gam。电子游戏
3. do some cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eaning打扫卫生
4. bad luck倒霉
5. the Spring Fest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ival春节
6. get married结婚
7. for example例如
8. for the first time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )首次;初次
9. shake hands握手 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
10. have afterno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on tea喝下午茶
11. light meal便餐;便饭
12. be different ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from与……不同
13. each other互相 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
14. on time准时; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )按时
15. look up查寻
16. at the age of在…… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )岁时
17. clean up打扫干净 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
18. wash up洗刷;饭后洗餐具 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
19. stay out待在户外;不回家 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
20. can't wait to迫不及 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )待
21. make mistakes犯错;出错
Module 12 Help
1. A boy is lying at the bottom of the stairs.
at the bottom of 表示“在…...的底部”。
e.g. A village lies at the bottom of the hill.
2. He is in pain.
in pain 的意思是“处在疼痛之中”。
e.g. Are you still in pain
3. First of all, find out what’s wrong with him.
first of all 表示“首先”。
e.g. First of all, let me tell you the news.
find out 通常表示“弄明白，搞清楚，查明......”。
e.g. Did the te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )acher find out who broke the door
3. First of all, find out what’s wrong with him.
first of all 表示“首先”。
e.g. First of all, let me tell you the news.
find out 通常表示“弄明白，搞清楚，查明......”。
e.g. Did the teac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her find out who broke the door
What’s wrong with … 表示“…...怎么了？”
e.g. -- What’s wrong with the boy
-- He broke his leg.
4. But he could have trouble hearing you
or speaking to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you.
句中的could表示推测。
e.g. You could be right.
have trouble doing sth. 的意思是“做…...有困难”。
e.g. Maria has trouble ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) finding a job and is still staying at home.
5. Lift him up and sit him on a chair
lift up 表示“抬起，提起”。要把代词放在中间。
e.g. We’ll have to lift up the car to get her out.
6. Make sure he’s warm.
make sure 的意思是“确保，保证”。
e.g. Make sure you turn off all the lights before you go out.
7. That’s such good advice that you could be a doctor, Betty!
such ... that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )... 这个句型表达“如此......以至于......”的意思，such后面接名词，名词前可以有形容词修饰。如果只有形容词或副词，则要使用 so ... that ... 这一句型。
e.g. It is such a tiny kitchen that only one person can cook in it.
They are such nice people that we all like them.
He was so weak that he could hardly stand up.
Everything happ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ened so quickly that I hadn’t time to think.
1. Earthquakes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them.
句中的 them 指的是 earthquakes。
warn sb. about sth. 意为“提醒/警告…...注意”。
e.g. The government wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rned travelers to Africa about the disease there.
2. Do not jump out of high buildings.
jump out of 表示“从…...跳出”。
e.g. Please don’t jump out of the window.
请别从窗子往外跳。
run out of 表示“从…...跑出”。
climb out of 表示“从…...爬出”。
3. Keep calm, especially when you are with other people.
keep 表示“保持”, calm 表示“冷静，沉着”。
keep calm 是系动词 + 形 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )容词构成的动词短语。其他的行为动词还能做系动词的有：become, feel, look, seem 等。
e.g. Everybody became quiet.
He looked a little nervous.
4. In short, follow what you learnt in school.
in short 的意思是“总之，简言之”。
e.g. In short, I am interested in all of the sports.
This book is, in short, an exciting story about adventures.
重点短语：
1.broken glas、碎 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )玻璃
2. first aid急救
3. medical help医疗救助 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
4. at the bot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tom of在……底部
5. in pain处在疼痛中
6. first of all首先 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
7. find out查明
8. lift up抬起;提起 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
9. make sure确保;确认
10. cover……with…… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用……盖上……
11. stay away f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rom远离
12. in an earthquake在地震中
Unit 1 Let’s try to speak English as much as possible.
1.You should always speak English in class.
should ﹢动词原型 -- “ 应该做某事”
2.Why don’t you write it down
Why don’t you ﹢动词原型 “为什么不… ”= Why not ﹢动词原型
Eg. Why don’t you go to school
= Why not go to school
3. Try to do sth 尽力去做某事
Try not to do sth 尽量不要去做某事
4.Welcome back to swh.欢迎回到…….
5.Let’s try to speak English as much as possible.让我们尽量说英语
As much as possible =as much as sb can
6.Why not write down our mistakes in our notebooks 为什么不把我们的错误写在笔记本中？
Why not +do(动词原形)，
7.Don’t forget to wr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ite down the correct answers next to the mistakes.不要忘了在错误旁写下正确的答案。
Forget to do sth….
8.It’s a good idea to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) spell and pronounce new words aloud every day.每天拼写并且大声拼读新单词是一个不错的主意。It’s a good idea to do sth.
9.You don’t need to understand every word.你不必明白每一个单词。
Don’t need to =don’t have to
10.That’s the same for reading.阅读也是一回事。
11.I get to know a lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t about the world through reading.通过阅读我逐渐对世界知道了很多。
Get to know …about sth.A
12.Who has some advice？谁有更多的建议？
13.practise doing sth 练习做某事
我怎样练习讲英语？
How can I practise speaking English
14.be good /bad for 对…有利/ 好处 (有害)
它对你的词汇积累有好处。
It’s good for your vocabulary .
15.say hello to sb 向某人问好
say sorry to sb 向某人道歉
say goodbye to sb 向某人道别
向他们问好怎么样？
How about saying hello to them
16.look for 寻找 （强调过程）
find 找到 （ 强调结果）
为什么你不在你城镇找一些讲英语的人呢？
Why don’t you look for some people
who speak English in your town
17.take / show sb around sw
带某人参观/游览某地
尝试交朋友并且带他们参观你们的城镇。
Try to make friends and show them
around your town .
18.invite / ask sb to sw 邀请某人到某地来
invite/ ask sb to do sth邀请某人做某事
19.你应该邀请你的新英国朋友到你的俱乐 部来.
You should invite your new English friends to your club !
20.Best wishes 最好的祝愿
21. What else 别的什么
else与other （别 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的，其它的）的 else与other （别的，其它的）的用法：else作形容词时，通常放在疑问词或anything , something, nothing, nobody, something等之后； else作副词时，通常放在疑问副词之后。 other作形容词，通常放在被修饰的名词之前; other还可作代词。
Unit 2 You should smile at her!
1. send…to 发送 , 送
2. Many students ask for advice about improving their English.
很多学生对怎样提高他们的英语征求别人的意见。
ask for advice about sth. / doing sth.
向某人征求意见做某事
3. I enjoy watching ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) English films and listening to real English songs.
我喜欢看英语电影和听地道的英文歌。
enjoy+动词的-ing形式
I enjoy watching TV / listening to the music.
4. But it takes a long time.
但要花很长的时间。
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
花费某人多长时间做某事
A: It takes me twenty minutes to go to school.
B: It took him half an hour to do his homework.
C: It will take her an hour to finish her work.
5. Just enjoy yourself！玩的尽兴！
enjoy oneself 玩得很愉快
I enjoyed myself at the party yesterday.
6. be shy 害羞的
Don’t be shy when you speak English.
7. What should I do
我该怎么办？
8. These are good questions to start a
conversation.
这些都是开始一段会话的好问题。
This /That ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is a great way to do sth /These are good questions to do sth
9. take a deep breath 深呼吸
Take a deep breath before you swim.
10. Write them on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pieces of paper and place them in your bedroom.
把它们写在纸上，然后贴在卧室。
a piece of paper 一张纸
two pieces of paper 两张纸
some pieces of paper 几张纸
place/put … in 放……在……
He places his bike in the hall./ on the
playground.
11. How about counting the English words. 数一数
Can you count the stars in the sky
counter 柜台
accountant 会计
表示提建议的句型有：
1. How/What about …
2. Would you like …
3. Let’s …
4. Why don’t you…
5. Why not…
6. You should/shouldn't …
7. It's a good idea to do.....
常用的回答是：
That’s a good/great idea.
OK./ All right.
重点短语
1. look up查;查找
2. make a mistake犯错误 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
3. talk about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )谈论;讨论
4. speak En ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )glish讲英语
5. write down写下;记下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
6. next to在……旁边;紧挨 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )着
7. listen to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )radio听广播
8. be good for对……有好处 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
9. write to给……写信 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
10. a little有点 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
11.agree with s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )b.同意某人
12. talk to跟……交谈 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
13. send….to sb.把……( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )发)送给某人
14. ask for请求 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(给予)
15. watch films看电影 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
16. be from来自
17. smile at冲……微笑
18. go to bed去睡觉 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
19. get up起床
20. think about考虑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
21. make friends ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with sb.与某人交朋友
22. take sb. around ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )带领某人参观……
23. a few几个;一些 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
24. invite sb. to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )邀请某人到……
25. be good at擅长 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
26. for example例如
Module 2 My home town and my country.
Unit 1 It’s taller than many other buildings.
1. How was your weekend Pretty good!
pretty good表示“相当好”。用于对How’s … /What do you think of …
In fact, it on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly became important in the 1980s. It’s getting bigger and busier.
1) in fact 表示“事实上”。
e.g. In fact, Taiwan is a part of China.
事实上，台湾是中国的一部分。
2) in the 1980s 表示“在20世纪80年代”。
结构为“in the + 年 + s”。
e.g. in the 1930s 在20世纪30年代
3）become important 表示“变得重要”。
getting big ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ger and cleaner 表示“变得更大和更干净”。 become 和 get 表示“变得”，用法 等于 be。
become，get，go，grow这几个词作连系动词时，都可以表“变成”，但也有些区别：
become较正式， get和go较口语化。此外become和get可由好变坏，也可由坏变好，而go通常是由好变坏。例如：
The situation has become even better／worse. 情况变得更好／糟了。
They are getting richer and richer／poorer and poorer.他们越来越富了／穷了。
The woman had gone mad. 那女人疯了。
grow作“变成”时，有“逐渐变成新的状态”的意思。
例如： My younger brother is growing tall. 我的弟弟渐渐长高了。
4. That’s larger than the population of many other cities in China.
population 表示“人口”，一般用单数。
e.g. What’s the population 表示“人口有多少？”
What’s the population of America 美国的人口是多少？
China has a large population。 中国的人口庞大。
5. Its streets are much wider and cleaner too.
much后面加比较级，用来修饰比较级，表示“更……”。
e.g. Tom runs much faster than Mike.汤姆比迈克跑得更快。
Unit 2 Cambridge is a beautiful city in the east of England.
1.I came from Cambridge, a beautiful city in the east of England.
in the east of…表示“在……的东方”。
类似的表达如下：
in the west of…表示“在……的西方”。
in the south of…表示“在……的南方”。
in the north of…表示“在……的北方”。
2. It is on the river Cam and has a population of about 120,000.
1) on the river Cam 表示“在康桥河畔”， on表示在河的沿岸。
2) have a population of …表示“有……人口”。指人口的多少用large或small。
3. There are lots of old buildings and churches to visit.
lots of 表示“许多，大量的”，后面加可数名词或不可数名词。
例如：lots of buildings
4. England itself is part of an island,…
be part of 表示“是……的一部分”。
e.g. Taiwan is part of China.台湾是中国的一部分。
5. My home town is especially famous for its university.
be famous for 表示“因……而闻名”，后接闻名的原因。
e.g. Now York is famous for its high buildings. 纽约以高楼大厦而闻名。
He is famous for his novels. 他因他的小说而出名。
本课小结：
1. 形容词的比较级：
(1)定义:
(2)变化规则：
① 一般的直接在词尾加er。
② 以e结尾的，直接加r。
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i再加er。
④ 双写最后的辅音字母再加er。
(3)形容词比较级的结构：
(4)形容词比较级的修饰词:
在比较级前常用 much (……得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )多) ，even (甚至)，still (更)，a little (一点)，a bit (有点)等来修饰形容词，表示“程度进一步加深”。
2. 重点短语:
1. pretty good相当好;很好 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2. in fact事实上
3. in the 198 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )0s在20世纪80年代
4. one day有一天 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
5. come from来自
6. lots of许多
7. be famous for以……而闻名
8. part of ……的一部 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分9. more than超过;多于
10. on the coast在海岸边
11. in the east/south/west/north of…在……的东/南/西/北部
Module 3 sports
Unit 1 Nothing is more enjoyable than playing tennis.
1. — What’s the score 比分是多少？
— Spain scored a minute ago.西班牙（队）一分钟前得分了。
在第一个句子中，score 是名词，意思是“比分, 进球数” ; 第二个句子中的
score 是动词, 表示“得分, 进球”。
2. So this week’s match is already more exciting.
因此, 这周的比赛早已更令人激动。
英语中的形容词有很多为多 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )音节词, 如: dangerous, difficult, exciting, expensive, beautiful, popular 等, 其比较级形式是在该形容词前加 more。除了多音节形容词变比较级要用 more 之外, 部分双音节形容词, 如 careful, tiring, boring 等比较级也是在其前加 more。
由此可见, 多音节形容词及部分双音节形容词比较级的句式结构为：
A + 谓语 + more + 多音节形容词/部分双音节形容词 + than + B。
① This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。
② He is more careful than the others.他比其他人更仔细。
③ The football match is more exciting. 足球赛更激动人心。
④ Your shirt is more expensive than mine. 你的衬衫比我的贵。
3. But you enjoyed watching the Olympic on TV, right
但是你喜欢在电视上观看奥运, 是吗？
enjoy 欣赏; 享受; 喜爱[+v.-ing]
I enjoyed _______ these books very much.
我很喜欢读这些书。
Tom doesn’t enjoy _______ to cinema.
汤姆不喜欢看电影。
4. And staying at home was easier than going to the stadium.
呆在家里比去体育馆容易。
stay at home “呆在家里”，在句子中作主语，因此要用动名词或不定式形式。
课文中像这样的句子还有：
Watching is not dangerous and it’s more relaxing too!
试一试。选出恰当的选项。
1. It was a _______ day and she feel very _______.
A. tiring; tired B. tiring; tiring
C. tired; tiring D. tired; tired
2. — How do you like your new job in the bank
— It’s _______. I do exactly the same thing every day.
A. interesting B. exciting
C. surprising D. boring
3. Li Na won the fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rst place in the final tennis game. Nobody else played
_________!
A. well B. better C. best
4. Of the two coa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts, she’d like to choose the _____ one to save money for a
book.
A. cheapest B. cheaper
C. more expensive D. most expensive
5. After practicing for several months, I can swim much _____ now.
A. slower B. slowest
C. faster D. fastest
6. — It’s so cold today.
— Yes, it’s _______ colder than it was yesterday.
A. some B. more
C. very D. much
7. — Which do you like ______, summer or winter
— I prefer summer.
A. good B. well
C. better D. best
Unit 2 This year we are training more carefully.
1.win与beat
这两个词都有“获胜, 打败”的意思, 但其后宾语不同。beat是“打败, 优于”的意思, 后面接人或队。如:
We beat them. 我们打败了他们。
win 指“赢, 获胜”, 后面接比 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )赛、名次。如: We won the match /game /race the first place. 我们赢了这场比赛/获得了第一名。
2. I am in our scho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ol team and we are going to play against another school next week.
我是校队成员，我们（队）下周将要和另一学校比赛。
against 为介词，表示“反对，与……对抗” 。例如：
1) Germany a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re playing against Brazil in the World Cup final tonight.
今晚德国将与巴西争夺世界杯冠军。
2) We will fight against the enemy.我们将与敌人交战。
3) They are strongly against the idea他们强烈反对这个主意。
4) Are you for or against my proposal 你们是同意还是反对我的计划？
3.That means we w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ill have a better chance ofwinning 这就意味着我们获胜的机会更大。have a chance of doing sth. 表示“有做某事的机会”.
例如：
1) You will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have a better chance of passing the exams if you work harder.
如果你们再用功一点，通过考试的机会就更大一点。
4. It is good to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have our fans around. They cheer us on loudly and we feel more confident to win the game.
有我们的球迷在周围真好，因为他们为我们欢呼加油。
cheer sb. on 的意思是“为……欢呼加油” 。
形容词的比较级（2）
上一模块我们学习了单音节形容词和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )部分双音节形容词的比较级构成形式和比较级句子的表达方式。那么，还有部分双音节和多音节形容词，它们的比较级是如何构成的呢？也是在词尾加-er 吗？不是的，一般这类形容词的比较级是在其前加 more 构成。例如：
1) Football is _____________ than baseball in most countries.
在很多国家，足球比棒球更流行。
2) Nothing is ______________ than playing tennis.
没有什么比打网球更令人愉快的了。
3) It’s ______________ to practise in winter (than in summer).
冬季训练（要比夏季训练）难度更大。
副词
英语中的副词该如何使用呢？应该放在句中的什么地方呢？一般来说，副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构。例如：
1) She plays the piano _______. 她钢琴弹得很糟。
2) I’m _______ tired after last night’s tennis match. 昨晚网球赛后我真的很累。
3) The teacher speaks very ________ and __________. 这位老师讲得很慢、很仔细。
注意副词与形容词在位置及功能上的不同，试比较：
1) The teacher speaks _________. 这位老师讲得很仔细。
2) The teacher is _________. 这位老师很细心。
副词修饰动词时通常出现在行 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为动词（实义动词）后，而形容词通常位于系动词之后或名词之前。另外, 有许多副词是由形容词+ly构成的。如：
careful + ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly → carefully quick + ly → quickly safe + ly → safely
busy + ly → busily heavy + ly → heavily
需要注意的是，有些词既可作形容词也可作副词。如: fast, early, late 等。
常用形容词、副词比较级不规则变化如下:
原级 比较级 原级 比较级
good, well better bad / ill, badly worse
many / much more little less
far farther / further
“the + 比较级，the + 比较级” 是比较级表达中的一个固定句式，表示“越……， 越……” 。 例如：
The more carefully you drive, the safer it is.开车越小心越好。
重点短语:
1. sit down坐下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2. stay at home待在家里 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
3. bad luck坏运气 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
4. watch TV看 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )电视
5. lose matc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hes输掉比赛
6. next time下一次 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
7. be good at擅长 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
8. play against对抗 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
9. warm up热身;做准备活动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
10. be late for迟到
11. cheer on用欢呼 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )声激励;为……加油
12. keep fit保持健康 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
13. get lost迷路 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
14. a minute ago一分钟之前 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 15. plenty of许多
16. be ready for为……做好 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )准备
17. at weekends在周末 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
18. in the countryside在乡村
Module 4 Planes,ships and trains
Unit 1 He lives the farthest from school.
1. But nobody was late, except me. 但是没有人迟到，除了我。
（1）except “除……之外”，后面可接名词、代词、v.-ing形式、副词、介词短语和从句等。
e.g. I like every subject except math. 除了数学我每个学科都喜欢。
（2）besides “除……外, 另外还有”, 着重“另外还有”。
Eg. Besides English, he has to study German. 除了英语, 他还要学德语。 （学英语）
（3）except for也表示“除……以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。
Eg. I can answer all the questions except for the last one.
除了最后一题外，所有题目我都可以解答。
2. Maybe I should go to school by taxi. 或许我应该乘出租车上学。
（1）maybe “或许；可能”， 副词，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。
Eg. Maybe she’ll come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。
3）except for也表示“除……以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。
Eg. I can answer all the questions except for the last one.
除了最后一题外，所有题目我都可以解答。
2. Maybe I should go to school by taxi. 或许我应该乘出租车上学。
（1）maybe “或许；可能”， 副词，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。
Eg. Maybe she’ll come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。
【辨析】
may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构，意为“也许是、可能是”。
Eg. He may be a soldier. 他可能是名军人。
（2）by taxi “乘坐出租车” by+交通工具 “乘……， 坐……”。
注意：表示交通工具的名词前不能有冠词。
表达交通方式
1.骑自行车 ride to … = go to…by bike/on a bike
2.乘公共汽车 go to… by bus/on a bus = take/catch a bus
3.坐汽车 drive to …= go to…by car/in a car
4.乘火车 go to …by train/on a train =take /catch a train
5.乘轮船 by ship /sea
6.乘飞机 fly to…=go to…by plane/air/on a plane
7.乘渡轮 by ferry
8. 乘地铁 take the underground = go to ... by subway
3. How does Tony go to school 托尼怎么去上学？
how是疑问副词，意为“如何、怎样”，用来询问交通方式
4. far adv. 远；遥远 adj. 远的；遥远的
e.g. He took his journey into a far country. 他到一个遥远的国家去旅行。
How far can you throw 你能扔多远？
far from 远离
e.g. The school is far from my home. 学校里离我家很远。
close adj. （距离上）近的；接近的
adv. （距离上）接近地
close to 离……近e.g. The church is close to the school. 教堂在学校附近。
They live quite close. 他们住得很近。
crowded adj .拥挤的；人数过多的
e.g. It is so crowded that there is not even stand room. 挤得几乎没有站立的地方。
choice n. 选择
e.g. They may have no choice. 他们可能没有别的选择。
crowd是该词的名词和动词形式。
作名词时，意为“人群”。
作动词时，意为“拥挤”。
all the time 一直；不断地
e.g. He is a businessman all the time. 他一直是个生意人。
book v. 预定
e.g. I’m afraid these seats are already booked.
对不起，这些座位都有人订了。
I booked a table for two at eight o’clock in the evening.
我预订了晚上8点的两人桌。
park v. 停；放（车）；泊（车）
e.g. You’re not allowed to park in this street. 不准在这条街上停放车。
outside prep. 在……之外 adv. 在外面；朝户外 n. 外面；外部
adj. 外部的；外表, 反义词: inside
unit 2What is the best way to trave
1. journey, travel 和 trip 的用法辨析
journey名词，意为“旅行”、“旅程”。常指远距离的或陆地的旅行。一般指单程，不回到出发地的旅行。
travel 名词，意为“旅行”。泛指一般意义的旅行，不能特指某一次的旅行。前面可以用物主代词，但不能与many或数词连用。
trip名词，意为“旅行”、“远足”。常指近距离的旅行或远足。一般指双程，还回到出发地的旅行。
2. take,cost,spend和pay的用法辨析
1. How long doe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s the journey take, and what is the best way to travel 这次旅行花费了多长时间？旅行的最好方式是什么？
1) take 是动词，表示“花费或需要用一定的时间”。
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
“做某事花费某人……时间”
Eg. It takes her an hour to finish the work. 完成这项工作花费了她一个小时的时间。
(2) the best way to travel “最好的旅行方式”。
way “方式；方法”
2. However, it will no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t cost as much as going by train.然而，它花费将不如乘坐火车多。
cost 的用法
(1) 动词 “花费” The book cost me 10 yuan.
(2) 名词 “价格” The cost of the book is 10 yuan.
(1) It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.
(2) sb. spend 钱或时间 on sth.
sb. spend钱或时间 (in) doing sth.
(3) sth. cost 钱.
sth. cost sb. 钱.(主语是物)
(4) sb.pay (钱)for sth.
3. however adv. 然而；但是
e.g. My room is small. It’s very comfortable, however.
我的房间不大，但是非常舒适。
辨析however 和but
1. 从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味比however强。
2. 从语法上看，but是个并列连词，而however却是个副词。
3. 从语序上看，but总是位于它所引出的分句之首，而however却可位于分句之首、之中或之尾。
4. 从标点上看，but之 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一般不得使用逗号，但however位于分句之首时，通常用逗号；位于分句之中时，通常在其前、后各加一个逗号；位于分句之尾时，则必须在其前加逗号。
e.g. We love peace, but we are not afraid of war.
我们热爱和平，但是我们并不害怕战争。
He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later.
他还没有到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。
He said that it was so. He was mistaken, however.
他说事情是这样的，然而他错了。
4. 讲解点拨
The more information, the better. 信息越多越好。
“the +比较级，the + 比较级”是个固定
句型，意为“越… …，就越… …”。
e.g. The older he gets, the happier he is. 他越活越开心。
The more dangerous it is, the more he likes it. 越危险他越喜欢。
形容词、副词的最高级
形容词和副词的最高级的变化形式：
Ⅰ.规则变化:在词尾加-est或在单词前面加most
单音节和少数双音节词 一般在词尾加-est tall→tallest long→longest
以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-st fine→finest late→latest
重读闭音节词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母再加-est big→biggest thin→thinnest
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”再加-est easy→easiest busy→busiest
大多数双音节和多音节单词在单词前加mos
careful → most careful dangerous → most dangerous
slowly →most slowly beautiful →most beautiful
Ⅱ.常见形容词、副词最高级不规则变化:
原级 最高级 原级 最高级
1.)good，well best 2.)bad/ill, badly worst
3.)many/much most 4.)little least
5.)far farthest/furthest
形容词的最高级前通常要加定冠词the； 副词的最高级前可加可不加。
在表示“A比B……”是，我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们用A is … than B，但最高级表达的是三个及三个以上的事物的比较状况，所以后面通常用in/of/among…来表示比较的范围。例如：
Jack is the tallest in our class.杰克是我们班个子最高的。
Tom lives (the) closest to school of all my classmates.
在我们班所有的同学中，汤姆住得离校最近。
形容词、副词最高级的特殊用法
（1）比较级 + than + an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y other + 名词单数 = 比较级 + than + the other + 名词复数 = the + 最高级
（2）序数词+形容词的最高级表示：“第几最……”
（3）表示“最……之一”:one of +最高级+名词复数
（4）最高级前一般要加“the”；当最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，则不加“the”。
1. by bike骑自行车
2. far from远离 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
3. road accident公 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )路上的交通事故
4. as well也 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
5. get crowded变得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )拥挤
6. have a great tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ip旅途愉快
7. take a plane乘飞机
Module 5 Lao She Teahouse
Unit 1 I wanted to see the Beijing Opera.
1. ... so Lingling offered to take me there.
……因此，玲玲提出带我去(那)。
① offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
给某人提供某物
The old man offered me a nice room.
这位老人给我提供了一个不错的房间。
② offer to do sth. 提出要做某事
She offered to buy a colour TV.
她提出要买一台彩电。
2. ... but in the end, we stayed for three hours.
…… 但是最后， 我们待了三个小时。
in the end “最后；终于”，相当于at last / finally
【辨析】at the end 一般与of连用，表示“在……的尽头/末尾”
There is a post office at the end of the street.
街道的尽头有一家邮局。
At the end of every term ,we have exams.
在每个学期末，我们举行测试。
1. If you like the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Beijing Opera, traditional music or magic shows, you can enjoy them at the teahouse.
如果你喜欢京剧，传统音乐或魔术表演，你可以在茶馆里欣赏。
if 为连词 , 意为： “如果；若” , 引导条件状语从句
结构：if引导的条件状语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。从句位于主句之前时，常用逗号将其与主句隔开。
时态：主句用一般将来时或主句谓语中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )含情态动词（如must, can, could, should等）时，或主句是祈使句， if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来意义。
例如：1. If you copy my homework this time, you will start a bad habit.
2. I’ll ask the teacher for help if I don’t understand.
3. If the traffic lights are red, you must stop and wait.
4. You can pass the exam if you work hard.
5. Take some exercise if you want to lose weight.
2. Lao She Teahous ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e gives a warm welcome to everyone from all over the world.
老舍茶馆热烈欢迎来自世界各地的朋友。
give a warm welcome to…
意为“热烈欢迎……”，其中 welcome 是名词。
接不定式作宾语的动词一般有：
三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝; 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。
【妙语诠释】：
三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want， agree，promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse
设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide
不要假装在选择：pretend，choose
动词不定式和双宾语
1.动词不定式：
在英语中，并不是所有两个动词连 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用时都采用动词+不定式的形式，一般来说，用不定式时，所表示的多为将来的行为。但是在具体使用中同学们还要注意记忆，因为动词不同，对其后动词形式的要求也就不同。常见的后面接“to + 动词原形”作宾语的动词有:plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love。
2. 双宾语
有些动词可以接两个宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直
接宾语，这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。结构为“及物动词+间
接宾语+直接宾语”。有时还可用“及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语” 结构来表达。
I passed him ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a bottle of apple juice.=I passed a bottle of apple juice to him.
我递给他一瓶苹果汁。
后接介词to 的动词有：give, show, pass, lend, take, tell 等；
后接介词for的动词有：buy, make, cook, get, sing, read等;
一般来讲，for表示“为某人”，而to表示“给某人”，即表示
某人接受或收到了某物。例如：
give sb. sth. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) = give sth. to sb. bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb.
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. hand sb. sth. = hand sth. to sb.
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.
leave sb. sth. = leave sth. to sb. teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb.
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb.
read sb. sth. = read sth. for sb.
重点短语：
1. in the end最后，终于 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2.be famous for因 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )……而出名
3. would lik ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e想要
4.the beginning of…… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的开头
5. send sb. to sp.把某人送到某地 6.be named被命名为
7. give a warm w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elcome to热情欢迎… …
8. take place发生
Module 6 Animals in danger
1. But I am ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )more interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve...
be interested to do sth. 对做……感兴趣
be interested in sth. 对……感兴趣
be more interested in 对……更感兴趣
e.g. The boy is interested in the film.
2. …because it allows people to get closer to them.
to get closer to them在句中作宾语补足语，类似的结构有很多，例如：
ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事
e.g. His father ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) doesn’t allow him to play before he finishing his homework.
3. It’s sad to think of pandas and other animals in danger.
think of 想到，想出
e.g. What do you think of the zoo
in danger 处于险境，处于危险之中
e.g. The girl is very ill and her life is in danger.
4. … have a safe place to live…
表示“有安全的居住地”。
to live放在名词place的后面做定语。
5. …because vil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lages and farms are growing bigger and are taking away their land and forests.
take away 表示“夺去，拿走”。代词要放在中间。
e.g. Please take away your things.
1. Scientists are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) doing a lot of research to help pandas produce more babies…
do a lot of research表示“做大量研究”。
research是不可数名词。
produce表示“生育，繁殖”。
e.g. produce more babies
2. Each panda needs to eat a lot of bamboo every day.
every和each的区别
every “每”“各”，指三者或三者以上的整体，含有全体之意。
e.g. Every boy is here. 所有男孩都在这儿。
each “每一”“每个”，指两个或两个以上的每一个，着重于个别，如团体中一
个的人或物。
e.g. He spoke to each member of the team.
他和队里的每个队员都说了话。
3. In order to prote ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ct pandas in the wild, the government is setting up nature parks …
set up 创建，创办
e.g. He wants to set up a school for the poor children.
他想为贫困地区的孩子创办一所学校。
in order (not) to do sth. 为了（不）做……
e.g. In order to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be a doctor, you have to study for five years in a college.
要当一名医生，你需要在大学学习五年。
They need to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raise 5,000,000 US dollars in order to pay for the repairs.
为了支付修理费用，他们需要筹集500万美元。
4. And it chose the panda to be its symbol.
be the symbol of 表示“是……的象征”。
e.g. Green is the symbol of Spring.
绿色是春天的象征。
重点短语：
1. in danger处于危险中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2. be interest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed in对……感兴趣
3. think of想 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )起
4. take away拿走;带走 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
5. look of to:照顾;照料 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
6. find out找出;发现;查明 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
7. many kinds of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )许多种
8. set up建立;创立
Module 7 A famous story
一般来说，过去进行时是指“过去的某
一时间进行发生的动作或事情”。
一、结构
1. 过去进行时由“主语+was/were + 现在
分词”构成
e.g. We were having supper when the
phone rang.
我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
2. 过去进行时的否定式由“was/were not
+现在分词”构成
e.g. This time yesterday Jack was not
watching TV. He was repairing his
bike.
昨天这个时候，杰克不是在看电
视，而是在修理自行车。
二、基本用法
1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去
某一时间正在进行的动作。
e.g. He fell asleep when he was reading.
他看书时睡着了。
2. 过去进行时表示感 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感彩，也通常与always，forever等副词连用。
e.g. They were always quarrelling.
他们老是吵架。
3. 常用的时间状语：this m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orning，the whole morning，all day, yesterday，from nine to ten last evening，when，while，at that time，just now，a moment ago
1. get/be tired累了; 疲劳
无事可做 have nothing to do
在河边 by the river
by 1)在……旁边 (相当于near)
I stood by the window. 我站在窗户旁边.
2)think about考虑 think of (考虑; 认为我正考虑一个难题.
I’m thinking of a problem.
I’m thinking about a problem.
She was thinking of making a daisy
chain when suddenly a white rabbit
with pink eyes ran by her.
at that time 在那时
sb. be doing … when …
某人正在做某事, 正在这/那时发生了另一件事
I was walking when I met an old friend. 我正在散步, 这时我遇到了一个老朋友.
3 take sth. out of …将某物从……中取出来
他把书从书包中取出来。
He took his book out of the schoolbag.
take off 脱下; (飞机)起飞
take back 收回; 撤销
take away 拿走
take down 记录
跑过田地 run across the field
过马路 go across the road
追…… run after…
在树篱下 under the hedge
4 hear sb.后可以跟do sth.或doing sth.，但不能跟to do sth.。
hear / see ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/ notice sb. do sth. 强调听到 / 看到 / 注意到某动作发生的全过程；而hear / see / notice sb. doing sth. 则强调听到 / 看到 / 注意到某动作正在发生。
重点短语：
1. fall down跌倒;掉下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2. in a tree在树上
3. tea party ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )茶会
4. look at看……
5. once or twic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e偶尔 6. nothing strang。没有什么奇怪的事
7. think about考虑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
8.go off(灯)熄灭;停〔 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )电〕
9.on one's w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay to…在某人去……的路上
l0.be with sb.和某人在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一起
11. take the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lace of代替：接替
12. so... that…如此……以至 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于……
13. not as... as…不如……
Module 8 Accidents
1. You look pale.
pale表示“苍白的”，形容词。
look是感官动词。
look pale 看起来苍白
e.g. She has a pale face.
她脸色苍白。
2. While the l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ights were changing to red, a car suddenly appeared round the corner.
正当交通信号灯要变成红灯的时候，一辆小轿车突然从拐角处驶出来。
过去进行时可以和when, while, as引导的过去时间状语从句连用，形成复合句。
One day, when H ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enry was working in a restaurant, a snake suddenly appeared.
一天，当亨利正在餐馆里工作时，一条蛇突然钻了出来。
I was trying to pick it up when it bit me again.
我正试图捡起（那条蛇），突然它又咬了我一口。
As the doctors were checking him, the pain got worse.
医生给他做检查时，疼痛加剧了。
when，while，as都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。
一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
e.g. They arrived while we were having dinner. =
They arrived when we were having dinner.
我们吃饭的时候他们到了。
二、由when引导的时间状语从句，如 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )果主句是过去进行时，从句应该用一般过去时，表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作突然发生了，强调后一动作发生的突然性。
e.g. We were talking when the teacher came in.
我们正在讲话，老师（突然）进来了。
三、当主句和从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生的，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。
e.g. They were singing while were dancing.
他们在唱歌，我们在跳舞。
3. A car suddenly appeared round the corner.
appear v. 出现；显露
round prep. 转到（某物的）另一边
e.g. The boy suddenly appeared from under the bed.
小男孩突然从床下钻出来。
He walked round the corner into the next street.
他走过拐角，到了另一条街上。
The car stopped j ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ust in time, but the boy fell off his bike and hurt his knee.
in time表示“及时”，just强调“刚刚，正好” 。表达“及时做某事”可以用in time to do sth.
e.g. If we don’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hurry up, we won’t be in time to catch the train.
如果不抓紧时间的话，我们就来不及赶上火车了。
fell是fall的过去式。
fall off表示“从……跌落”。
e.g. He fell off the tree and hurt his leg。 他从树上跌落，摔伤了腿。
fall down表示“摔倒”。
e.g. You must watch your step so as not to fall down.
你必须留心脚下才不会跌下去。
5. Pay attention, stop at the red lights…
pay attention 表示“注意，留心”。
pay attention to n./ v-ing
表示“注意……”。
e.g. You must pay attention to your study. 你必须专心学习。
Please pay attention to spelling. 请注意拼写。
6. Don’t ride side by side with your friends.
side by side表示“并排的，肩并肩的”。
e.g. They were walking side by side in the street.
他们肩并肩走在街上。
1. It climbed out and hid somewhere.
climb out 表示“爬出来”。
climb out of …表示“从…爬出来”。
e.g. The cat couldn’t climb out of the hole.
那只猫没法从洞里 爬出来。
2. I was trying to pick it up when it bit me again.
be doing …when …表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作突然发生了。
此句强调“蛇又咬了我一口”这个动作。
e.g. They were working in the fields when it began to rain.
他们正在田里干活儿，突然下起雨了。
pick sth. up表示“捡起某物”，代词要放在中间。
pick sb. up 表示“接某人”。
e.g. He picked up his knife and fork.
他捡起了刀叉。
The next morning, my mum came to pick me up.
第二天早上, 妈妈来接我。
3. I threw it across the kitchen, and it landed on a table.
across是介词，在本句的意思是“从……的一边到另一边”， across还可以表示“对面，穿过”等。
e.g. The children ran across the street in front of our car.
这些孩子在我们的汽车前横冲过马路。
My best friend lives across the road 我最好的朋友住在马路对面。
4. While the snak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e was lying on the table, Henry quickly picked up his mobile phone and took a photo with it.
while引导的时间状语从句用进行时。
当主句的时态是现在时，while引导的从句用现在进行时; 当主句的时态是过去时，while引导的从句用过去进行时。
e.g. While the boy was reading the book he found a secret.
男孩读书的时侯，他发现了一个秘密。
5. As the doctors were checking him, the pain get worse.
句中的as表示当…的时候，用来引导时间状语从句。
get worse表示“变得更糟”。
worse是bad的比较级，worst是最高级。
e.g. As time goes by, my memory seems to get worse.
随着时间的流逝，我的记忆力似乎越来越差。
重点短语：
1. in time及时
2. fall off从……摔下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
3. pay attention留意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，注意
4. side by si ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )de肩并肩
5. all the time总是，时时刻刻 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
6. climb out爬出来 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
7. pick up捡起
8. get worse变得更糟
9. in great pain处于巨大的痛苦中
10. call people给人们打 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )电话
11. play mus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ic播放音乐
12. take photos照相 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
13. look at看 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
14. start wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th以……开始
15. make sur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e确定
16. next to在……旁
17. get hurt受伤
18. take off起飞
19. make a quick decision做出快速的决定
Module 9 Population
1. I’m prepa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ring some notes for a report called “Our growing population”.
我正在为一篇名为《我们不断增长的人口》的报告准备笔记。
prepare for… 为……做准备
prepare sth. for… 为……准备某物
Please prepare the table for the dinner.请摆好桌子吃饭。
2 too much+不可数名词
too many+可数名词
They bought too many eggs yesterday.
昨天他们买了太多鸡蛋。
She spent too much money on clothes.
她花太多钱买衣服。
注意: 和much too 区别开，much too用来修饰形容词/副词，表示“太……”
You are walking much too fast. Slow down. 你走的太快了，慢点。
3. Population increase is a big problem in many countries.
人口增长在很多国家都是很大的问题。
increase
① vt. 增大; 增加; 增强
② vi. 增大; 增加; 增强
Travel increases one’s knowledge of the world. 旅游增进人对世界的了解。
4.That makes over 131.4 million births a year.
make 意思为“ 计为，相当于”
birth 意思 “出生”
birthday 意思 “生日”
5. noise, voice 与 sound
noise 各种噪音或吵闹声
voice 指人的说话声、歌声或欢笑声
sound 指任何用耳朵能听见的声音。如：
1.I can’t hear you clearly, please raise your voice a little.
2.The thief （小偷） broke into the room without any sound.
3. The machine is working now, it is making a loud noise
二.不定冠词的用法
不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用在以辅音开头的名词前，an用在以元音开头的名词前。它的用法如下：
1.表示“一个”的意思，与数词one相同。
例如：Rome was not built in a day.
罗马不是一天建成的；伟业非一日之功
The project(项目，计划) will be carried out（执行，贯策） in a year or two.
2.表示一类人或事物。
例如：A dog is a faithful（忠诚的） animal.
3.表示“每一”，相当于per，用于某些表示时间、重量、长度等单位前。
例如：He earns two thousand yuan a month.
The train is running sixty miles(英里)an hour.
4.表示同样的人或事物，相当于the same。
例如：Birds of a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) feather（羽毛） flock (一群）together./They are people of a kind.
一群同样羽毛的鸟在一起/物以类聚，人以群分
5.物质名词或抽象名词前用a 或an表示具体意义、制成品或种类。
例如：1.Green tea is a wonderful tea. 2.She is a beauty.（美人）
3. Please give me a coffee.
6.用于人名前，表示说话者对此人不认识，相当于“a certain”，也可指于某名人有类似性质的人或事物。
例如：A Mr. Chen came to see you this morning.
He wishes to become a Newton.
7.有些世界上独一无二的东西，如sun, m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oon, sky, universe（宇宙）,world（世间，地球） ,earth （地球）等，一般前面要用定冠词，但当他们前面有修饰语时，则要用不定冠词。
例如：We hope we can see a full moon tonight.
He sat in a chair, looking at a starry 布满星星的 sky.
8. 在作单数可数名词定语的形容词最高级前，
如果不表示“最”，而表“非常”，则用不定冠词。例如：
That is a best dictionary.
This is a most troublesome（费事的） case.（情形，情况)
9. 序数词前，一般有定冠词，但当表示“又一个”时，则要用不定冠词。
例如：They have a second house.
When I sat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )down, a fifth man rose (动词,rise的过去式 “站起来”）to speak.
10. 季节、月份、日期、三餐前有修饰语时,用不定冠词。
例如：We had a wonderful lunch.
We had a very cold winter last year.
11. 用在某些固定的短语中
例如：once upon a time （从前) in a hurry（匆匆忙忙）
have a rest have a good time
have a look all of a sudden （突然地）
have a cold/fever（发热）/cough/headache/pain（疼痛）
三、定冠词的用法。
1) 定冠词是指特定的人或物，用于特指的名词前。
例如：
The book is mine. 这本书是我的 。
2) 表示上文提到的或说话双方都知道的人或物。
例如：
I heard a report. The report was about war.
我听了一个报告，这个报告是关于战争的。
Please close the window before you fall asleep.
请在睡觉之前关上窗子。
用于序数词、形容词最高级以及对两者进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。
例如：
Our classroom is on the second floor.
It’s the most interesting book I have read.
I have two sisters. The elder one is a doctor.
4) 世界上独一无二的事物前常用the。例如：The moon goes round the earth.
5) 在姓的复数形式前加the，表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如：the Greens 格林一家人或格林夫妇。
6) 用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物。
the rich, the poor, the old
7) 用于江河、山脉、湖泊、岛屿、杂志和报纸等专有名词前。例如：
the Changjiang River, the Great Wall,
the Summer Palace
8) 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如：the United States
用于乐器名称前。例如： play the piano / violin
用于固定短语中.例如：at the moment, by the way, in the middle of
四、零冠词。
一般来说，在一个句子中有时不加冠词，如 We go to school by bus.
这种不加冠词的现象，就叫“零冠词”。
1) 复数可数名词前，表示人或物的类别，或泛指不定
量的人或物。例如：
Horses are useful animals.
There are pens and books on the desk.
2) 当名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词及名词所有格等修饰时。例如：
She is our math teacher.
The man in blue is Mary’s father.
No one can get this book.
3) 交通工具、学科名词前。
by boat, on foot
I like chemistry.
4) 球类运动、棋类游戏及语言名称前。
He prefers to play football.
The two old men are playing chess.
Can you speak English
5) 季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐等名词前。例如：
in spring, on Monday
Children’s Day is coming.
I ate some noodles for lunch.
6) 某些固定搭配的词组。
in public; go to bed
重点短语：
1. talk about谈论
2. such as例如
3. population incr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ease人口增长
4. make notes记笔记 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
5. the popula ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion of China中国的人口
6. one fifth五分之一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
7. I can't believe it!我简直无法相信!
8. 7 billion七十亿
9. hang on稍等
10. more than超过 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
11. close to靠近 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
12. not... any more不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )再
13. local sch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ool当地的学校
14. close down( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )永久)关闭，关停
15. in fact事 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )实上
16. all over the world ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )全世界
17. too much rub ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bish太多的垃圾
18. for example例如
Module 10 The weather
1. 问气温：
— What’s the temperature
气温怎么样？
— It’s between minus five and minus
two degrees!
零下5度到零下2度之间。
2. 问天气：
— What’s the weather like in …
= How is the weather in …
天气怎样？
— It’s snowy (cloudy, rainy, sunny,
windy ...).
下雪(多云、下雨、晴、有风……)
3. … although this year it snowed quite a lot. 虽然今年下了很多雪。
although = thou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gh conj. 然而; 尽管, 引导的从句不能与 but, however 连用, 但可与 yet, still 连用。例如：
1) 虽然他很累，但他继续工作。
Although / Thou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gh he was tired, he went on working. = He was tired, but he went on working.
2) 尽管他相当忙，但是还常常帮我学英语。
He often help ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s me with my English although / though he is quite busy.
= He is quite busy, but he often helps me with my English although.
4. Come on, better get going!
好了，走吧！
better get going 是 we’d better get going 的省略形式, 意思是“最好现在去/ 走”。例如：
We’d better get goi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng (= We’d better go now), or we’ll be late.
我们最好现在就走，不然要迟到了。
5. It’s probably sunny and hot there.
那里的天气可能晴朗、热。
It’ll probably be cold tomorrow.
明天可能冷。
probably adv. 大概; 或许; 很可能
英语中表示可能的方式有许多， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )除使用情态动词may / might 以外，还可以通过will 以及表示“可能” 的形容词和副词表达。常用的有：It is possible to do sth. ..., It is possible that …, 主语 + will probably / possibly + v.等。例如：
Is it possible to visit Alaska in December
十二月去阿拉斯加游览有可能吗？
It is possible that it’ll be snowy in the night.
晚上有可能会下雪。
It’ll probably be cold and wet.
天气很可能会又湿又冷。
注: probably 表示“很可能”，所以表示的可能性要比 possible 大。
1. The best time to visit New England is in September.
九月是去新英格兰游览的最佳时间。
这里的New Engla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd (新英格兰) 指的是美国东北部的一个地区, 它包括六个州：缅因州（Maine ）、 新罕布什尔州（New Hampshire）、佛蒙特州(Vermont)、马萨诸塞州(Massachusetts)、 罗得岛州(Rhode Island) 和康涅狄格州(Connecticut) 。这里的小镇非常美丽，每年秋天都会有大批游客来此游玩。1614年英国探险家约翰 史密斯 (John Smith) 给这个地方起名为新英格兰。
2. Bring your camera so you can take photos of the autumn trees.
带上你的照相机以便拍摄秋天的树木。
take photos of …的意思是“给……拍照”。
例如： I took a photo of Linda. 我给琳达拍了一张照片。
She took a lot of photos of the kids. 她给孩子们拍了许多照片。
3. In Texas an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the southeast, it’s usually very hot and sunny compared to other places.
和其他地方相比，得克萨斯州和东南部地区通常天气很热，阳光灿烂。
compared to 意为“和……比较”， 表示此意也可以用 compared with。
4. There are storms from time to time in summer and autumn.
但是夏秋季节时常有暴风雨。
from time to time 表示“有时, 间或”。
例如: He has moved to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) another city, but we write to each other from time to time.
他移居到了另外一座城市，但我们会时不时通通信。
语法知识：
情态动词本身有一定的词义，为谓语动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。我们学习过的 can 和 may 都属于这类词。
情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面接 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的动词需用原形，否定式是在情态动词后面加 not, 当我们想表达可能发生某事以及可能做某事时，可以用may / might 表示。例如：
It’s cloudy too, so it might snow.也是阴天，所以有可能会下雪。
带张地图，因为你可能想四 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )处走走。Bring a map because you may want to travel around. There may be a few showers, so bring an umbrella with you.
可能会有阵雨，所以随身带把伞吧。
might 与 may ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )没有太大的区别，形式上might 是 may 的过去式，但在表示将来的可能情况时，might 表示的可能性比may 表示的可能性还要小。
例如：Take your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) swimming clothes because you might want to go swimming in the sea.
带上游泳衣吧，说不定你想要到海里游泳呢。
英语中表示可能的方式有许多，除使用情态动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) may / might 以外，还可以通过will 以及表示“可能”的形容词和副词表达。常用的有：It is possible to do sth. ..., It is possible that …, 主语 + will probably / possibly + v.等。
例如：Is it possible to visit Alaska in December 十二月去阿拉斯加游览有可能吗？
It is possible that it’ll be snowy in the night. 晚上有可能会下雪。
It will probably be cold and wet. 天气很可能会又湿又冷。
probably 表示“很可能”，所以表示的可能性要比 possible 大。
重点短语：
1. quite a lot相当多 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2. as well也
3. take photos照相;拍照 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
4. all year round整年 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
5. compared to与……相比 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )较
6. from time to time有时;间或
7. make sure务必
8. have to必须;不得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不
9. during the da ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y在白天
10. go to the mountain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s去爬山
11. more than多于，超 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过
12. pay for付款
Module 11 Way of life
1. What’s a surprise!
surprise表示“惊奇，意外之事”。是名词。
e.g. — Although he is only ten years old, he runs the fastest.
— What a surprise!
尽管他只有十岁，但他跑得是最快的。多么神奇！
2. …we open a gift immediately.
immediately adv. 立即；直接地
e.g. Mary answered Peter's letter immediately.
玛丽立即给彼得回了信。
3. For example, in my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hometown, people say you mustn’t do any cleaning on the first day of the Spring Festival.
for example 例如
e.g. You can buy fruit here - oranges and bananas, for example.
你可以在这里买水果，例如买柑橘和香蕉。
4. You must only use red paper for hongbao because red means luck.
must表示“必须”，后面加动词原形。
mustn’t表示“禁止，一定不要”
e.g. You must go to school on time你必须按时上学。
5. You can’t be serious!
serious adj. 表示“认真的，不开玩笑的”。
e.g.— You got a full mark in the exam.
— You can’t be serious!
你考试必须拿满分。
你是开玩笑的吧！
1. For example, you mu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st say Mr and Mrs when you meet someone for the first time.
someone pron. 某人；有人
e.g. I seem to hear someone knocking at the door.
我好像听到有人在敲门。
for the first time表示“初次，第一次”。
e.g. I met him at the cinema for the first time.
我第一次碰到他是在电影院里。
2. Afternoon tea is not just a drink but a light meal at around 4 pm.
not just … but …表示“不仅仅……而且……”
e.g. He is not just a teacher but an inventor.
他不仅是位老师，而且还是个发明家。
3. … or you can take it away and eat it with your fingers!
take away在这里特指将餐馆的食品带走，而不是在餐馆食用。
e.g. — Would you eat it here or take it away
— I’ll take it away.
— 你是想在这里吃，还是带走？
— 我要带走。
因此在英国，外卖食品被称为“takeaway”
e.g. The restaurant provides takeaway service.
这个饭店提供外卖服务。
4. Once I noticed a gentleman touch a young man on the shoulder…
touch sb. on the sho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld 表示“拍某人的肩膀”，是英语的惯用表达，其他类似的表达例子如：pat sb. on the head 拍某人的头 kick sb. in the leg 踢某人的腿
重点短语：
1. a chess set一副国际象棋 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2.video gam。电子游戏
3. do some cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eaning打扫卫生
4. bad luck倒霉
5. the Spring Fest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ival春节
6. get married结婚
7. for example例如
8. for the first time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )首次;初次
9. shake hands握手 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
10. have afterno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on tea喝下午茶
11. light meal便餐;便饭
12. be different ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from与……不同
13. each other互相 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
14. on time准时; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )按时
15. look up查寻
16. at the age of在…… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )岁时
17. clean up打扫干净 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
18. wash up洗刷;饭后洗餐具 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
19. stay out待在户外;不回家 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
20. can't wait to迫不及 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )待
21. make mistakes犯错;出错
Module 12 Help
1. A boy is lying at the bottom of the stairs.
at the bottom of 表示“在…...的底部”。
e.g. A village lies at the bottom of the hill.
2. He is in pain.
in pain 的意思是“处在疼痛之中”。
e.g. Are you still in pain
3. First of all, find out what’s wrong with him.
first of all 表示“首先”。
e.g. First of all, let me tell you the news.
find out 通常表示“弄明白，搞清楚，查明......”。
e.g. Did the te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )acher find out who broke the door
3. First of all, find out what’s wrong with him.
first of all 表示“首先”。
e.g. First of all, let me tell you the news.
find out 通常表示“弄明白，搞清楚，查明......”。
e.g. Did the teac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her find out who broke the door
What’s wrong with … 表示“…...怎么了？”
e.g. -- What’s wrong with the boy
-- He broke his leg.
4. But he could have trouble hearing you
or speaking to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you.
句中的could表示推测。
e.g. You could be right.
have trouble doing sth. 的意思是“做…...有困难”。
e.g. Maria has trouble ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) finding a job and is still staying at home.
5. Lift him up and sit him on a chair
lift up 表示“抬起，提起”。要把代词放在中间。
e.g. We’ll have to lift up the car to get her out.
6. Make sure he’s warm.
make sure 的意思是“确保，保证”。
e.g. Make sure you turn off all the lights before you go out.
7. That’s such good advice that you could be a doctor, Betty!
such ... that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )... 这个句型表达“如此......以至于......”的意思，such后面接名词，名词前可以有形容词修饰。如果只有形容词或副词，则要使用 so ... that ... 这一句型。
e.g. It is such a tiny kitchen that only one person can cook in it.
They are such nice people that we all like them.
He was so weak that he could hardly stand up.
Everything happ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ened so quickly that I hadn’t time to think.
1. Earthquakes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them.
句中的 them 指的是 earthquakes。
warn sb. about sth. 意为“提醒/警告…...注意”。
e.g. The government wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rned travelers to Africa about the disease there.
2. Do not jump out of high buildings.
jump out of 表示“从…...跳出”。
e.g. Please don’t jump out of the window.
请别从窗子往外跳。
run out of 表示“从…...跑出”。
climb out of 表示“从…...爬出”。
3. Keep calm, especially when you are with other people.
keep 表示“保持”, calm 表示“冷静，沉着”。
keep calm 是系动词 + 形 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )容词构成的动词短语。其他的行为动词还能做系动词的有：become, feel, look, seem 等。
e.g. Everybody became quiet.
He looked a little nervous.
4. In short, follow what you learnt in school.
in short 的意思是“总之，简言之”。
e.g. In short, I am interested in all of the sports.
This book is, in short, an exciting story about adventures.
重点短语：
1.broken glas、碎 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )玻璃
2. first aid急救
3. medical help医疗救助 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
4. at the bot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tom of在……底部
5. in pain处在疼痛中
6. first of all首先 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
7. find out查明
8. lift up抬起;提起 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
9. make sure确保;确认
10. cover……with…… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用……盖上……
11. stay away f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rom远离
12. in an earthquake在地震中
同课章节目录
- Module 1 How to learn English
- Unit 1 Let's try to speak English as much as possi
- Unit 2 You should smile at her.
- Unit 3 Language in use .
- Module 2 My home town and my country
- Unit 1 It's taller than many other buildings.
- Unit 2 Cambridge is a beautiful city in the east o
- Unit 3 Language in use .
- Module 3 Sports.
- Unit 1 Nothing is more exciting than playing tenni
- Unit 2 This year we training more carefully.
- Unit 3 Language in use .
- Module 4 Planes, ships and trains .
- Unit 1 He lives the farthest from school.
- Unit 2 What is the best way to travel.
- Unit 3 Language in use .
- Module 5 Lao She Teahouse.
- Unit 1 I wanted to see the Beijing Opera.
- Unit 2 It descibes the changes in Chinese society.
- Unit 3 Language in use .
- Module 6 Animals in danger.
- Unit 1 It allows people to get closer to them .
- Unit 2 The WWF is working hard to save them all.
- Unit 3 Language in use .
- Revision module A
- Module 7 A famous story
- Unit 1 Alice was sitting with her sister by the ri
- Unit 2 She was thinking about her cat.
- Unit 3 Language in use .
- Module 8 Accidents
- Unit 1 While the car were changing to red, a car s
- Unit 2 I was trying to pick it up when it bite me
- Unit 3 Language in use .
- Module 9 Population
- Unit 1 The population of China is about 1.37 billi
- Unit 2 Arnwick was a city with 200,000 people.
- Unit 3 Language in use .
- Module 10 The weathe
- Unit 1 It might snow.
- Unit 2 The weather is fine all year round.
- Unit 3 Language in use .
- Module 11 Way of life
- Unit 1 In China ,we open a gift later.
- Unit 2 In England, you usually drink tea with milk
- Unit 3 Language in use .
- Module 12 Help
- Unit 1 What should we do before help arrives?
- Unit 2 Stay away from windows and heavy furniture.
- Unit 3 Language in use .
- Revision module B