2024届高考英语二轮复习解题技能专项-短文改错 课件（25张）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习解题技能专项-短文改错 课件（25张） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.7MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-07-01 07:28:22 | ||
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文档简介
(共25张PPT)
短
文
改
错
高考短文改错的命题特点及解题方略
高考英语短文改错的命题特点
其设置重点是从词法、句法和行文逻辑等三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。
有无错词、多词、少词和纠错等四种可能，其中纠错明显多于其他三种情况，常达七处之多，且纠错涉及面较广，常考查时态、语态、非谓语动词、动词、名词、形容词、冠词、介词、连词、代词、主谓一致、从句引导词等; 少词或多词通常为三个，多余的主要是介词，而少词的往往是冠词。
通常设题角度为：
1、从词法角度考查，主要涉及：动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词及情态动词的用法等;名词、代词的数、格;形容词、副词的比较等级;主谓语一致和其他的一致关系; 连词、关系词的使用等。
2、从句法角度考查，主要涉及到简单句、否定句、疑问、倒装、省略、替代等变化。
3、从行文逻辑角度考查，主要涉及人物的性别及与之相对应的物主代词、句意的并列与转折、时间的顺序、数量的增减以及因果的倒置等。
一、浏览全文，掌握大意
认真阅读短文，在动笔之前确保已经了解短文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯等。
2
短文改错的方略
二、分句阅读，逐行找错
综合运用所学词汇和语法知识，根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题（即改词、加词或减词）。
在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类：
1. 名词单复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。大多数短文改错都会有此类的错误。
如：The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
airs → air
My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.
side → sides
2. 形容词和副词：常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反；关系副词where， when， why等的缺失或错用。
如：Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.
On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.
seriously → serious 修饰名词，前面要用形容词。
easy → easily 修饰动词用副词。
3. 动词：时态和语态
1)当总体时态是过去时或现在时，中间杂有不合适的另一时态的现象;
2)或者是叙述过去的事用一般过去时，叙述现在的事用的是一般现在时，在转换时间时发生时态错误;
3)或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；
4)需要接ing形式的接了to，或相反等；
5)情态动词后没有用动词原形等。
如： I thought I will be happy there.
We must found ways to protect your environment.
will → would
found → find 动词用法错误，情态动词must后用动词原形。
4. 冠词
1)定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the;
2)或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏掉了the；
3)a， an的混用，特别注意：hour, honest,honor等虽然首字母不是元音字母，但其发音却是以元音素开头，故用an;
useful, university, European, one-hour等虽然首字母是元音字母，但却以辅音音素开头，故用a。
如：Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.
a→the 此处应该是特指上文提到的火灾。
5. 代词
主要是代词的格与数的错用。
1)男性用了女性代词，单数代词用了复数代词或相反；
2)应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格，主格或相反; your-you
3)关系代词的错用或缺失;
4)如只能用that引导的用了其它，或在不能用that的地方却用了that;
5)在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词，或者指代关系错误等。
如 We must find ways to protect your environment.
your → our “我们应该找到保护我们的环境的方法。”
Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.
them → it
6. 介词
主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。这一部分需要平时多多积累，弄清常用介词的搭配。
如：Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.
on → with 短语搭配错误。短语with the development of“随着……的发展”是习惯搭配。
My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass.
from → of
7. 连词
连词的使用不合句中的逻辑关系。如，该用and时用了or或反之；如需转折连词（如but）的时候用了承接连词（so），或相反等。
如： There the air is clean or the mountains are green.
or → and 前后句为并列关系，都是肯定句，故用连词and连接。
If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.
If → Although/Though 这里是引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”的意思。
8. 数量的表示和表数量的不定代词与名词的搭配错误
1)序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等
2)基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of，几千thousands of漏掉了s，或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如seven hundreds应是seven hundred。
3)不定代词表示数量等的误用。
如： Much rare animals are dying out.
Therefore, we have many homework after school.
many→much
much→many
9.非谓语动词
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”．
have前加to 考查动词的不定式。 want sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”。
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
manage → managing succeed in doing something“成功的做了某事”。
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.
to
10.主谓一致性：第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数；再就是就近原则对主语的影响。
如： My dream school look like a big garden.
look→looks
The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.
have → has
11. 漏掉一词或者多余一词
往往考的是固定搭配或者是习惯用法。考查冠词和代词居多。
如：If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.
去掉it 代词多余。我们将生活在遗憾中。
I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.
in hurry → in a hurry in a hurry“匆忙地”是固定搭配。
三、检查核对，攻克难点
改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，务必使语气通顺，前后呼应，时态一致，表达清楚。再次通读可以感觉不顺畅的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。因为有时就一个句子来看可能在两个三个地方修改都说得过去，但就上下文来看，就只能在某处修改后才正确。
总之,同学们只要平时勤于积累，考前认真训练和掌握解题微技能就能战无不胜！
再叮嘱几句：
1. 单词拼写不改 .
2. 大小写不改 .
3. 词序不改 .
4. 标点符号不改 .
解题步骤
1.通读短文，掌握大意
2.细读全文，逐一作答
3.复读全文，验证答案
Don't forget!
四不改原则
5. He used to getting up early to take physical exercise.
∨
were
likes
exciting
get
Not only the students but also the teacher like the film.
2. When they came here, I will show them.
3. They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.
4. I found the game excited and my dad explained the rules.
practice
come
6.Don’t lose hearts, you’ll be successful in time.
7.I need some more informations.
8.These machines look the same, but they are of
different kind.
heart
information
kinds
绝不可数名词
progress, furniture,
weather, fun, news,
information, advice
……
9. He asked angry if we had finished the work.
10. Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is
quite different from mine.
11. His father looks much more happier today.
angrily
clear
12. So I grateful accepted the offer.
gratefully
14. I was learning to express me in simple English.
15.I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.
16.One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.
myself
everything
∨
it
13.Some students may also save up for our college or future use .
their
17.I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool.
18.At last we reached to the village at the foot of the
hill.
19.When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay his food .
20.The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money.
at
∨
for
on
21.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.
22.He will stay there one and two days.
23. Every kind of the Chinese food is worth trying.
24. The driver put the window down and offered us a
umbrella.
and
or
an
When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so，we'll live to regret it.
thought
and
the
with
serious
air
Many
find
our/the
(一)
(二) Nearly five years before，and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.As result, the plants are growing somewhere.The fruits are small in size, but juicy(多汁的) and taste.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
ago
of
years
have
a
everywhere
tasty
many
yet
wonderful
I was a high school student then, from the low-income
family. So I have to support my family. My
first one job was to clean the tables in a small restaurant.
I still remember going there early and felt anxious about
the new world. I worked harder because I was afraid of
losing the job. At night, I was sometimes very tired to do
my homework. But I came to understand that was not
easy to earn money, and that knowledges could change
my life. So what I learned from the job, in a hard
way, was much more important as what I learned from school.
a
had
feeling
hard
knowledge
it
too
than
∧
And
(三)
短
文
改
错
高考短文改错的命题特点及解题方略
高考英语短文改错的命题特点
其设置重点是从词法、句法和行文逻辑等三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。
有无错词、多词、少词和纠错等四种可能，其中纠错明显多于其他三种情况，常达七处之多，且纠错涉及面较广，常考查时态、语态、非谓语动词、动词、名词、形容词、冠词、介词、连词、代词、主谓一致、从句引导词等; 少词或多词通常为三个，多余的主要是介词，而少词的往往是冠词。
通常设题角度为：
1、从词法角度考查，主要涉及：动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词及情态动词的用法等;名词、代词的数、格;形容词、副词的比较等级;主谓语一致和其他的一致关系; 连词、关系词的使用等。
2、从句法角度考查，主要涉及到简单句、否定句、疑问、倒装、省略、替代等变化。
3、从行文逻辑角度考查，主要涉及人物的性别及与之相对应的物主代词、句意的并列与转折、时间的顺序、数量的增减以及因果的倒置等。
一、浏览全文，掌握大意
认真阅读短文，在动笔之前确保已经了解短文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯等。
2
短文改错的方略
二、分句阅读，逐行找错
综合运用所学词汇和语法知识，根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题（即改词、加词或减词）。
在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类：
1. 名词单复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。大多数短文改错都会有此类的错误。
如：The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
airs → air
My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.
side → sides
2. 形容词和副词：常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反；关系副词where， when， why等的缺失或错用。
如：Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.
On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.
seriously → serious 修饰名词，前面要用形容词。
easy → easily 修饰动词用副词。
3. 动词：时态和语态
1)当总体时态是过去时或现在时，中间杂有不合适的另一时态的现象;
2)或者是叙述过去的事用一般过去时，叙述现在的事用的是一般现在时，在转换时间时发生时态错误;
3)或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；
4)需要接ing形式的接了to，或相反等；
5)情态动词后没有用动词原形等。
如： I thought I will be happy there.
We must found ways to protect your environment.
will → would
found → find 动词用法错误，情态动词must后用动词原形。
4. 冠词
1)定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the;
2)或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏掉了the；
3)a， an的混用，特别注意：hour, honest,honor等虽然首字母不是元音字母，但其发音却是以元音素开头，故用an;
useful, university, European, one-hour等虽然首字母是元音字母，但却以辅音音素开头，故用a。
如：Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.
a→the 此处应该是特指上文提到的火灾。
5. 代词
主要是代词的格与数的错用。
1)男性用了女性代词，单数代词用了复数代词或相反；
2)应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格，主格或相反; your-you
3)关系代词的错用或缺失;
4)如只能用that引导的用了其它，或在不能用that的地方却用了that;
5)在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词，或者指代关系错误等。
如 We must find ways to protect your environment.
your → our “我们应该找到保护我们的环境的方法。”
Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.
them → it
6. 介词
主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。这一部分需要平时多多积累，弄清常用介词的搭配。
如：Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.
on → with 短语搭配错误。短语with the development of“随着……的发展”是习惯搭配。
My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass.
from → of
7. 连词
连词的使用不合句中的逻辑关系。如，该用and时用了or或反之；如需转折连词（如but）的时候用了承接连词（so），或相反等。
如： There the air is clean or the mountains are green.
or → and 前后句为并列关系，都是肯定句，故用连词and连接。
If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.
If → Although/Though 这里是引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”的意思。
8. 数量的表示和表数量的不定代词与名词的搭配错误
1)序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等
2)基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of，几千thousands of漏掉了s，或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如seven hundreds应是seven hundred。
3)不定代词表示数量等的误用。
如： Much rare animals are dying out.
Therefore, we have many homework after school.
many→much
much→many
9.非谓语动词
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”．
have前加to 考查动词的不定式。 want sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”。
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
manage → managing succeed in doing something“成功的做了某事”。
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.
to
10.主谓一致性：第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数；再就是就近原则对主语的影响。
如： My dream school look like a big garden.
look→looks
The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.
have → has
11. 漏掉一词或者多余一词
往往考的是固定搭配或者是习惯用法。考查冠词和代词居多。
如：If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.
去掉it 代词多余。我们将生活在遗憾中。
I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.
in hurry → in a hurry in a hurry“匆忙地”是固定搭配。
三、检查核对，攻克难点
改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，务必使语气通顺，前后呼应，时态一致，表达清楚。再次通读可以感觉不顺畅的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。因为有时就一个句子来看可能在两个三个地方修改都说得过去，但就上下文来看，就只能在某处修改后才正确。
总之,同学们只要平时勤于积累，考前认真训练和掌握解题微技能就能战无不胜！
再叮嘱几句：
1. 单词拼写不改 .
2. 大小写不改 .
3. 词序不改 .
4. 标点符号不改 .
解题步骤
1.通读短文，掌握大意
2.细读全文，逐一作答
3.复读全文，验证答案
Don't forget!
四不改原则
5. He used to getting up early to take physical exercise.
∨
were
likes
exciting
get
Not only the students but also the teacher like the film.
2. When they came here, I will show them.
3. They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.
4. I found the game excited and my dad explained the rules.
practice
come
6.Don’t lose hearts, you’ll be successful in time.
7.I need some more informations.
8.These machines look the same, but they are of
different kind.
heart
information
kinds
绝不可数名词
progress, furniture,
weather, fun, news,
information, advice
……
9. He asked angry if we had finished the work.
10. Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is
quite different from mine.
11. His father looks much more happier today.
angrily
clear
12. So I grateful accepted the offer.
gratefully
14. I was learning to express me in simple English.
15.I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.
16.One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.
myself
everything
∨
it
13.Some students may also save up for our college or future use .
their
17.I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool.
18.At last we reached to the village at the foot of the
hill.
19.When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay his food .
20.The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money.
at
∨
for
on
21.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.
22.He will stay there one and two days.
23. Every kind of the Chinese food is worth trying.
24. The driver put the window down and offered us a
umbrella.
and
or
an
When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so，we'll live to regret it.
thought
and
the
with
serious
air
Many
find
our/the
(一)
(二) Nearly five years before，and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.As result, the plants are growing somewhere.The fruits are small in size, but juicy(多汁的) and taste.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
ago
of
years
have
a
everywhere
tasty
many
yet
wonderful
I was a high school student then, from the low-income
family. So I have to support my family. My
first one job was to clean the tables in a small restaurant.
I still remember going there early and felt anxious about
the new world. I worked harder because I was afraid of
losing the job. At night, I was sometimes very tired to do
my homework. But I came to understand that was not
easy to earn money, and that knowledges could change
my life. So what I learned from the job, in a hard
way, was much more important as what I learned from school.
a
had
feeling
hard
knowledge
it
too
than
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And
(三)