人教版(2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement语法填空专项练习(含解析)

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名称 人教版(2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement语法填空专项练习(含解析)
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Unit 1 单元话题语法填空专项练习
(2022·江苏 · 高邮市第一中学高二阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词
的正确形式。
Charles Darwin was born on February 12,1809. He was the British naturalist ____ 1____ became famous for his theories of ____2____ (evolve). Like several scientists before him, Darwin believed all the life on earth evolved over millions of years from a few common ancestor.
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural ____3____ (select) holds that variation within species occurs randomly and that the survival or extinction (灭绝)of each organism ____4____ (determine) by that organism’s ability ____5____ (adapt) to its environment. He set these theories forth in his book called “The Origin of Species”, which was published in 1859. After ____6____ (publish) of the book. Darwin continued to write on botany, geology, and zoology until his death in 1882.
Darwin’s work had a great influence ____7____ religious thought. Many people strongly opposed the idea of evolution because it conflicted with their religion. Darwin avoided ____8____ (talk) about the theological and
sociological aspects of his work, ____9____ other writers used his theories to support their own theories about
society. Darwin was _____ 10_____ a scientific man that before he made up his mind to get married, he made a careful list of the advantages and disadvantages of marriage. (2022·浙江 · 台州市书生中学高二阶段练习)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括 号内单词的正确形式。
At age 5 ,Lin Qiaozhi lost her mother ,____ 11____ death affected her deeply. So at age 18, she decided to study medicine despite ____ 12____ (complain) from her brother. After graduating from Peking Union Medical College with the Wenhai Scholarship, the ____ 13____ (high) prize given to ____ 14____ (graduate), she ____ 15____ (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital and later was named ____ 16____ chief resident physician. Several years later, she was sent to study in Europe and then the US where she was invited to stay by her colleagues but she ____ 17____ (reject) their offer.
In1941, Lin Qiaozhi became the first Chinese woman ever ____ 18____ (appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. In1954, she was elected to the first National People's Congress. However, despite all these important positions, she was more interested in tending patients, ____ 19____ (publish) medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known _____20_____ the “mother of ten thousand babies", having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
(2022· 山东 ·胶州市教育体育局教学研究室高二期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括
号内单词的正确形式。
Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman scientist ___21___ (award) the Nobel Prize. She was born on December 30, 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. In 1955, she graduated from Beijing Medical College and ___22___ (begin) working in China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, where she is now Chief Scientist. At the age of 39, she became the leader of a research team ___23___ (aim) to discover a treatment for malaria. Three years later, the team managed to extract Qinghaosu from a Chinese herb, which is very ___24___ (effect) in fighting malaria. In 1986, after about 14 years of efforts, they obtained a New Drug Certificate for Qinghaosu, ___25___ was issued by the Ministry of Health of China. Tu had spent decades on scientific research ___26___ (attentive) before the inspiring news came in 2015 that Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ___27___ discovering a novel therapy against malaria.
“The ___28___ (discover) of Qinghaosu is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine. It is the collective achievement of the research team. Winning the prize is ___29___ honor for China’s science and traditional Chinese medicine,” TuYouyou told Xinhua.
In 2019, Tu Youyou was nominated for China’s Medal of the Republic. In my mind, she is really the ____30____ (great) person that makes a difference to the world. (2022·江苏 · 南京市第二十九中学高二期中)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词括号内单词的 正确形式。
Many Greek philosophers were at the same time scientists. Thus Plato was a mathematician and Aristotle contributed to zoology. Aristotle, indeed, started methodical research, patiently ____31____ (collect) material and laying ____32____ (mass) foundations (基础) for modern science. Before Plato and Aristotle, there had been scientist-philosophers. After them, Greek science made further advances. Two men may be mentioned for ____33____ they did to push science forward. Both lived in the 3rd century B .C.
Euclid is even now well-known for his Elemerits, a textbook of geometry (几何学) , perhaps the most successful textbook ever ____34____ (write), because it was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century.
Archimedes did important work not only in geometry, but also in arithmetic(算术), mechanic and hydro- static (静水力学). He discovered that when ____35____ body is immersed in water, its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced (排水). He invented machines which greatly helped his native city against the Romans. ____36____ (illustrate) the principle of the lever (杠杆), he is said to tell the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I ____37____ (move) the world.”
Greek science did not neglect ____38____ (apply). Mathematics, the purest of science was applied in at least
five field. Greek scientists collected a wealth of material and tried to find the proper method of doing scientific work. As a result, they were able to deduce (推断) theories and built up systems, ____39____ had a great influence on later scientists.
_____40_____ they failed to create conditions for the continuous growth of science. It is there that great changes began in the 17th and 18th centuries and it is this that set off modern from ancient science. (2020·全国 · 高二课前预习)课文语法填空
Albert Einstein, a genius well known for the theory of relativity, is universally considered the greatest scientist in modern physics. Born___41___ 14 March 1879, Einstein tried to enter university in Switzerland when he was 16, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the___42___(enter) exam, though he did succeed in obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. It was in 1896___43___he managed to pass the exam. While___44___(work) in the Swiss patent office, he continued to study and earned a___45___(doctor) in physics in 1905. Four years later he quit the job and___46___(commit) himself to full-time research at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
Sadly, the great genius had to___47___(flee) Germany in 1933,___48___Hitler came to power and Jews were persecuted(迫害). After spending time in Europe, he finally took up___49___position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. And he continued to make great____50____(achieve) in physics and mathematics. (2021·新疆维吾尔自治区喀什第六中学高二期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号 内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e- 4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ___51___ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is ___52___ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___53___ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular ___54___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山) , more so ___55___ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ___56___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it ___57___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ___58___ (construct)" Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ___59___ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____60____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. (2022· 黑龙江 · 哈师大附中高二期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ___61___(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans
___65___(retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s ____70____(wonder).” (2022· 吉林 ·洮南市第一中学高二阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词 的正确形式。
Yuan Longping, as an ____71____(agriculture) scientist, is known for developing the first hybrid rice varieties in ____72____ 1970s. Since then, hybrid rice ____73____(grow) in over 20 countries, ____74____(attract) attention from the whole world, especially areas at risk of hunger.
In 2008, Yuan Longping____75____(success) developed rice growing in saltwater and desert. Though his rice could reduce food shortage, the new strain had a long way ____76____(go) before it could be widely spread.
Yuan Longping’s ____77____(achieve) has brought him many awards and honors both ____78____ home and abroad. He said, “What lifetime award means is to achieve your dream with all your life.”____79____, fame and wealth mean much less to him _____80_____ his research. He said he would focus on developing better rice. (2022·江苏宿迁 · 高二期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many scientists both at home and abroad have changed our lives and made a difference __81__ the world in many fields.
When it comes to Chinese scientists, Tu Youyou is an important figure, ___82___ has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China ___83___ (receive) a Nobel Prize for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the ___84___ (dead) diseases in human history. Yuan Longping is another one. He is ___85___ agricultural scientist and educator, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice” . In 2019, he ___86___ (award) the Medal of People’s Republic of China.
For the overseas scientists, Stephen Hawking is an English physicist who have made significant ___87___
(impact) in the field of general relativity. His major achievement was his ___88___ (theory) prediction that black
holes gives out radiation. The public lecture ___89___ (deliver) by Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman argued the atomic bomb had posed threat to people and our future.
___90___ (obvious), the scientific and technological revolutions in human history have brought about rapid progress in our world. (2022·江苏 ·连云港高中高二阶段练习)阅读下面一段材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(每空一词)或括 号内单词的正确形式。
This was not an easy task. The reason____91____this was difficult was that the team had____92____(limit) resources. They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory____93____they worked had poor air quality. However, after hundreds of failed____94____(experiment), they eventually____95____(come across) a promising chemical. It worked well in experiments on animals, but they had to know if it was safe for humans. Tu Youyou ____96____(brave) volunteered to be____97____ first human subject when they were
ready____98____(start) testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success. The medicine they discovered, artemisnin, has now become the world’s most____99____(effect) drug for____ 100____(fight) malaria.
参考答案:
1 .who##that2 .evolution3 .selection4 .is determined5 .to
adapt6 .publication7 .on8 .talking9 .but10 .such
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家达尔文的生平事迹以及主要科学贡献。 1.考查定语从句。句意:他是一位英国博物学家,因他的进化论而闻名。句中先行词为 the British naturalist,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代词 who 或that 引导。故填 who/that 。 2.考查名词。句意:他是一位英国博物学家,因他的进化论而闻名。根据空前的 of 可知,空处填名词形 式。故填 evolution 。 3.考查名词。句意:达尔文的自然选择进化论认为物种内部的变异是随机发生的,每个生物的生存或灭 绝是由该生物适应环境的能力决定的。根据空前的形容词 natural 可知,空处为名词形式。故填 selection 。 4.考查时态和语态。句意:达尔文的自然选择进化论认为物种内部的变异是随机发生的,每个生物的生 存或灭绝是由该生物适应环境的能力决定的。根据前一个宾语从句中的 occurs 可知,时态为一般现在
时;主语 the survival or extinction 为单数,和动词 determine 之间存在被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填
is determined 。 5.考查非谓语动词。句意:达尔文的自然选择进化论认为物种内部的变异是随机发生的,每个生物的生 存或灭绝是由该生物适应环境的能力决定的。名词 ability 之后用不定式担当后置定语。故填to adapt 。 6.考查名词。句意:书出版后,达尔文继续写植物学、地质学和动物学的文章,直到 1882 年去世。根 据空前的介词 after 以及空后的 of the book,可知空处为名词形式。故填 publication 。 7 .考查介词。句意:达尔文的工作对宗教思想有很大的影响。固定短语: have a great influence on 对…… 有很大的影响。故填 on 。 8.考查非谓语动词。句意:达尔文避免谈论他作品的神学和社会学方面,但其他作家使用他的理论来支 持他们自己的社会理论。短语 avoid doing sth.避免做某事, avoid 之后用动名词担当宾语。故填 talking 。 9.考查连词。句意:达尔文避免谈论他作品的神学和社会学方面,但其他作家使用他的理论来支持他们 自己的社会理论。前一分句“达尔文避免谈论他作品的神学和社会学方面”和后一分句“其他作家使用他的 理论来支持他们自己的社会理论”之间存在转折关系。故填but 。 10.考查固定结构。句意:达尔文是如此严谨的人以至于在他决定结婚之前,他仔细地列出了婚姻的利
与弊。句型: such + a + adj. + n. + that 如此…… 以至于…… 。故填 such。
11 .whose12 .complaint13 .highest14 .graduates15 .was hired
16 .a17 .rejected18 .to be appointed19 .publishing20 .as 【导语】
本文是说明文。文章主要讲述“万婴之母”林巧稚的故事。
11.考查定语从句。句意:在 5 岁时,林巧稚失去了她的妈妈,她妈妈的去世深深地影响着她。分析句 子结构可知, 1 death affected her deeply 是定语从句,先行词 her mother 在从句中做定语,修饰 后面的名词 death。故填 whose。
12.考查名词。句意:所以在她 18 岁的时候,她决定学医,尽管她哥哥抱怨她。分析句子结构可知,空 格前是 despite 介词,所以这里用名词,做宾语,指“抱怨”的意思。故填complaint 。 13.考查形容词最高级。句意:她拿到颁发给毕业生最高奖项的文海奖学金从北京协和医学院毕业,然 后,她被雇佣为普安克医院妇产科的住院医师,后来被任命为首席住院医师。分析句子结构可知,空格 前面有 the 修饰,所以这里用形容词最高级形式。故填highest。
14.考查名词的数。句意:见第 3 题详解。分析句子结构可知,这里要用名词的复数形式,表示泛指, “毕业生”的意思。故填 graduates。
15.考查谓语动词。句意:见第 3 题详解。分析句子结构可知,空格处是这句话的谓语动词,这句话描 述的过去的事情,所以谓语用一般过去时,动词 hire 和主语 she 是被动的关系,所以用被动结构, be 动 词用 was 。故填 was hired。
16.考查冠词。句意:见第 3 题详解。分析句子结构可知,空格后 chief resident physician 是可数名词单 数形式,前面要用不定冠词,表示泛指, “一个”的意思。故填 a。
17.考查谓语动词。句意:几年后,她先被送到欧洲留学,然后去了美国,在那里她被同事邀请留下 了,但她拒绝了他们的邀请。分析句子结构可知,空格处是这句话的谓语动词,这句话描述的过去的事 情,所以谓语用一般过去时。故填 rejected。
18 .考查非谓语动词。句意: 1941 年,林巧稚成为中国有史以来第一位被任命为普通科医院妇产科主任 的妇女。分析句子结构可知,空格前有序数词 the first 修饰,所以后面用动词不定式做后置定语,动词 appoint 和被修饰的词 Chinese woman 是逻辑上的被动关系,所以用动词不定式的被动结构。故填 to be appointed。
19.考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,尽管有这些重要的职位,她更感兴趣的是照顾病人,发表关于妇女 和儿童护理的医学研究,以及培训下一代医生。分析句子结构可知, tending patients, 9 (publish) medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors 是并列的关系,做 介词 in 的宾语,所以用动名词形式。故填 publishing。
20.考查固定短语。句意:林巧稚虽未结婚,却被誉为“万婴之母”,一生接生过五万多个婴儿。 be known
as 是固定短语,表示“作为 …而有名”的意思。故填 as。
21 .to be
awarded22 .began23 .aiming24 .effective25 .which26 .attentively27 .for28 .discovery29 .an30 .greatest 【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家屠呦呦。 21 .考查非谓语动词。句意:屠呦呦是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。 the first (thing) to do 是固定 用法,动词 award 和前文所修饰的名词短语 the first Chinese woman scientist 之间是被动关系,故用动词不 定式的被动式,作后置定语。故填 to be awarded。
22 .考查时态。句意: 1955 年,她从北京医学院毕业,开始在中国医学科学院工作,现在是该院的首席 科学家。根据时间状语 In 1955 和前文 graduated 可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语 动词用过去式。故填 began。
23 .考查非谓语动词。句意: 39 岁时,她成为了一个研究团队的领导者,该团队旨在发现疟疾的治疗方 法。分析可知,此处为非谓语,动词 aim 和主语之间是主动关系,此处应用其现在分词作状语。故填 aiming。
24.考查形容词。句意:三年后,研究小组成功地从一种中草药中提取出了青蒿素,这种草药对抗击疟 疾非常有效。根据前文系动词 is 可知,此处应用形容词作表语。故填effective。
25 .考查定语从句。句意: 1986 年,经过大约 14 年的努力,他们获得了中国卫生部颁发的青蒿素新药证 书。分析可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为 a New Drug Certificate for Qinghaosu,在从句中作 主语,指事物,应用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。
26.考查副词。句意:屠用了几十年时间专注于科学研究,直到 2015 年,屠呦呦因为发现了一种新的疟 疾治疗方法而获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。修饰动词 spent,应用副词。故填 attentively。
27.考查介词。句意:屠呦呦在科学研究上花了几十年的时间,直到 2015 年,屠呦呦因为发现了一种新 的疟疾治疗方法而获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。根据句意可知,此处应用介词 for,表示原因,意为“因 为,由于”。故填 for。
28.考查名词。句意:青蒿素的发现是中医药给人类的礼物。根据前文定冠词 The 可知,此处应用名词 discovery 作主语,根据句意,应用单数形式。故填 discovery。
29.考查冠词。句意:获奖是对中国科学和中医的荣誉。后文可数名词 honor 为泛指概念,应用不定冠词 限定,其发音以元音音素开头,故填 an。
30.考查形容词最高级。句意:在我看来,她真的是改变世界的最伟大的人。根据句意可知,此处应用 great 的最高级,表示“最伟大的人”。故填 greatest。
31 .collecting32 .massive33 .what34 .written35 .a36 .To illustrate37 .will
move38 .application39 .which40 .But
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多希腊哲学家同时也是科学家。 31.考查非谓语动词。句意:事实上,亚里士多德开始了系统的研究,耐心地收集资料,为现代科学奠 定了巨大的基础。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语 Aristotle 与collect 之间为主动 关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填 collecting 。 32.考查形容词。句意:事实上,亚里士多德开始了系统的研究,耐心地收集资料,为现代科学奠定了 巨大的基础。名词 foundations 前用形容词修饰。故填massive 。 33.考查名词性从句。句意:有两个人因为推动科学向前发展而被提及。分析句子结构可知,本句为宾 语从句。从句缺少宾语,且指物,所以用连接代词 what 引导。故填 what 。 34.考查非谓语动词。句意:欧几里得甚至以他的《几何教科书》而闻名,这可能是有史以来最成功的 教科书,因为直到 20 世纪早期,它一直在英国学校使用。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。 名词 textbook 与 write 之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填written 。 35.考查冠词。句意:他发现,当一个物体浸入水中时,它的重量损失等于排开的水的重量。名词 body 为可数名词,泛指,表示“一个物体” ,body 首字母的发音为辅音音素,所以用不定冠词 a 。故填 a 。 36 .考查非谓语动词。句意:为了说明杠杆的原理,据说他对国王说: “给我一个支点,我能撬动整个地 球。 ”句子用不定式作目的状语,表示“为了……”。故填 To illustrate 。 37 .考查时态。句意:为了说明杠杆的原理,据说他对国王说: “给我一个支点,我能撬动整个地球。 ”固 定句式:祈使句 + and/or +一般将来时。前面的表示条件,后面表示结果。故填will move 。 38.考查名词。句意:希腊的科学没有忽视应用。句子用名词形式作宾语。故填 application 。 39.考查定语从句。句意:因此,他们能够推导理论,建立系统,这对后来的科学家有很大的影响。指 代前面的一句话,所以用关系代词 which 引导非限定性定语从句。故填 which 。 40.考查连词。句意:但是他们没有为科学的持续发展创造条件。这里与上文内容构成转折关系,所以
用转折连词 but。故填 But。
41 .on42 .entrance43 .that44 .working45 .doctorate46 .committed47 .flee48 .when49 .a50 .achieveme nts
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。爱因斯坦,一个以相对论而闻名的天才,被公认为现代物理学中最伟大的科学家。文
章主要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平经历。
41.考查介词。根据后文 14 March 1879 可知指在具体的某一天应用介词 on 。故填 on 。 42.考查名词。句意:爱因斯坦生于 1879 年 3 月 14 日,他试图在 16 岁时进入瑞士的大学,但由于他在 普通入学考试中的低分未能通过,尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩。结合句意表示“人学考试”
可知短语为 the entrance exam ,entrance 在此处为名词作定语。故填 entrance。
43.考查强调句。句意:他是在 1896 年通过考试的。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句结构“Itwas/is+被强 调部分+that+其他”,此处强调时间状语 in 1896。故填 that。
44.考查省略句。当 while 引导时间状语从句时,常省略和主句相同的主语和 be 动词,补充完整为 While(he was) working in the Swiss patent office。故填 working。
45.考查名词。由设空处前的冠词 a 可知此处应用名词 doctorate,作宾语,表示“博士学位”。故填 doctorate。
46.考查动词时态。根据句子中时间状语 Four yearslater 可知应该用一般过去时。故填committed。
47.考查动词。句意:可悲的是,这位伟大的天才不得不在 1933 年逃离德国,当时希特勒上台,犹太人 遭到迫害。结合句意表示“不得不做某事”短语为 have to do sth. 。故填 flee。
48.考查定语从句。句意同上。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 1933,且先行词在定语从句中作时 间状语,应用 when。故填 when 。
49.考查冠词。句意:在欧洲度过一段时间之后,他最终在美国普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员的职 位。此处表示“担任,任职”短语为 take up a position。故填 a。
50.考查名词的数。上文 great 为形容词修饰名词,故应填名词 achievement ,achievement 作“成就”讲时 是可数名词,上文没有冠词,故应用复数。故填 achievements。
51 .touched52 .extremely53 .where54 .interest55 .than56 .to find57 .means58 .is constructed59 .much60 .its
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家,文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测 器嫦娥四号发射的意义。 51.考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南 极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语 last week 可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。 52.考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词 challenging,应使用 extreme 的副词形式,故填 extremely 。 53.考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这
个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是 a
spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用 where 引导。故填 where 。 54.考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词 particular 可知,空处应填名 词, interest 是不可数名词, be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填 interest 。 55.考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级 more so 可知,此处填 介词 than,表示“比……更”。故填 than。
56 .考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。 此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填 to find。
57 .考查时态和主谓一致。句意: “这真的使科学家们激动, ”布朗大学的一位科学家 Carle Pieters 说: “因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。 ”根据上文“Thisreally excites scientists”可知,此 处也使用一般现在时,主语是 it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式 means ,故填 means。
58.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语 construct 与主语 the moon 之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语 the moon 是单数,故填 is constructed。
59.考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未 来月球基地的计划是否实用。 ice 是不可数名词,应使用much 修饰,故填much。
60.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词 plans 可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
61 .being62 .which63 .finally64 .declared65 .to retire66 .have made67 .but68 .saying69 .a70 .wonderful
【分析】
本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了九十高龄的 Irene 作为英国最年长的全职员工,依然在宠物店做着朝九晚
五的工作,没有退休的打算,她由此被评为“年度女士”。
61.考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 for 可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填 being。
62.考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为 the pet shop,在非限制性定语从句中作 opened 一词的宾语,故用which。
63.考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词 have been acknowledged,意为“最终得到认可”,故填 finally。
64.考查时态。根据上下文可知,该句主语为 Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文 had 以及 said 可知,用 一般过去时态,故填 declared。
65.考查不定式作定语。此处用 to do sth 作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词 plan,表示“……的计划”,故 填 to retire。
66.考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知,此处用现在完成时态,句意:我 喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填 have made。
67.考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知,此处为转折关系,句意:我工作不是因为我不得不做,而是因 为我想做。此处用 but 与前文 not 呼应,构成“不是……而是……”之意,故填but。
68.考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词 call,故此处用非谓语动词形式,根据 say 与其逻辑主语call 是主动关系,故填 saying。
69.考查冠词用法。句意:我们还以为这是一个玩笑。此处 joke 为泛指,故填 a。
70.考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知,在系动词 is 之后用形容词形式作表语,故填wonderful。
71 .agricultural72 .the73 .has been grown74 .attracting75 .Successfully
76 .to go77 .achievement78 .at79 .However80 .than 【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了农业科学家袁隆平,因在上世纪 70 年代培育出首批杂交水稻品种而闻 名。介绍了他所取得的成就。
71.考查形容词。句意:袁隆平是一名农业科学家,因在上世纪 70 年代培育出首批杂交水稻品种而闻 名。修饰后文名词 scientist 应用形容词 agricultural,作定语。故填 agricultural 。 72.考查冠词。句意:袁隆平是一名农业科学家,因在上世纪 70 年代培育出首批杂交水稻品种而闻名。 结合句意表示“上世纪 70 年代”可知短语为in the 1970s。故填 the 。 73.考查时态语态。句意:从那时起,杂交水稻已经在 20 多个国家种植,吸引了全世界的关注,特别是 有饥饿风险的地区。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文 Since then 可知为现在完成时的被动语态,主语 为 hybrid rice,助动词用 has。故填 has been grown 。 74.考查非谓语动词。句意:从那时起,杂交水稻已经在 20 多个国家种植,吸引了全世界的关注,特别 是有饥饿风险的地区。分析句子结构可知 attract 在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语构成主动关
系,故用现在分词作状语。故填 attracting。
75 .考查副词。句意: 2008 年,袁隆平成功地在海水和沙漠中培育水稻。修饰后文动词 develop 应用副 词 successfully,作状语。故填 successfully 。 76.考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然他的大米可以减少食物短缺,但这种新品种在广泛传播之前还有很长 的路要走。结合句意表示“有很长的路要走”短语为 have a long way to go。故填 to go 。 77.考查名词。句意:袁隆平的成就为他在国内外赢得了许多奖项和荣誉。作主语,应用名词
achievement ,has 提示用单数。故填 achievement。
78.考查介词。句意:袁隆平的成就为他在国内外赢得了许多奖项和荣誉。结合句意表示“在国内外”可知 短语为 at home and abroad。故填 at。
79.考查副词。句意:然而,名气和财富对他来说远不如他的研究重要。修饰后文整个句子,且表示转 折,由逗号隔开,应用 however,句首单词首字母要大写。故填 However。
80.考查比较级。句意:然而,名气和财富对他来说远不如他的研究重要。结合句意表示“比起……远不 如……”应用 mean much less…than…。故填 than。
81 .to82 .who83 .to receive84 .deadliest85 .An
86 .was awarded87 .impacts88 .theoretical89 .delivered90 .Obviously 【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述以屠呦呦和史蒂芬霍金为例,讲述了科学家改变了我们的生活,影响了世 界。 81.考查介词。句意:国内外的许多科学家改变了我们的生活,在许多领域对世界产生了影响。根据短 语“made a difference to...”意为“对……产生影响”可知介词需使用 to,故填 to 。 82.考查定语从句。句意:说到中国科学家,屠呦呦是一个重要的人物,她是中华人民共和国首位获得 诺贝尔奖的女科学家,因为她对抗击疟疾做出了贡献,疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。根据句子 结构分析可知,设空处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词为 Tu Youyou ,在从句中作主语指人, 因此需使用关系代词 who。故填who 。 83.考查非谓语动词。句意:说到中国科学家,屠呦呦是一个重要的人物,她是中华人民共和国首位获 得诺贝尔奖的女科学家,因为她对抗击疟疾做出了贡献,疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。根据句 子结构分析可知,定语从句的谓语是 has become ,receive 在从句中是非谓语作后置定语,修饰的名词为 scientist,因 scientist 被序数词修饰为 the first female scientist,所以需使用不定式的主动式。故填 to receive 。 84.考查形容词最高级。句意:说到中国科学家,屠呦呦是一个重要的人物,她是中华人民共和国首位 获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家,因为她对抗击疟疾做出了贡献,疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。根据 diseases 可知,此处为形容词作定语修饰名词diseases,需使用形容词“deadly” (致命的),根据句意及“in human history” (人类历史上)可知,此处是一定范围内的最致命的疾病,需使用形容词的最高级形式。 故选 deadliest 。 85.考查冠词。句意:他是一位农业科学家和教育家,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。根据“agricultural scientist and educator” (农业科学家兼教育家)可知,此处泛指“一位农业科学家和教育家” ,agricultural 以元音音
素开头,需使用不定冠词 an 。故填 an。
86.考查时态和语态。句意:在 2019 年,他被授予中华人民共和国勋章。根据时间状语 In
2019 可知,动作发生在过去,需使用一般过去时。因主语 he 与动词award 是被动关系,则需使用一般 过去时的被动语态。故填 was awarded。
87.考查名词。句意:句意:对于海外科学家来说,斯蒂芬 ·霍金是一位在广义相对论领域做出了重大影 响的英国物理学家。此处为形容词 significant 修饰的名词,需使用impact,短语“make impact”意为 “对……产生影响”,根据句义可知,产生了重要的影响,应使用复数概念。故填 impacts 。 88.考查形容词。句意:他的主要成就是他的理论预测:黑洞发出辐射。此处需使用形容词 theoretical 作 定语来修饰名词 prediction。故填 theoretical 。 89.考查非谓语动词。句意:诺贝尔奖得主理查德 · 费曼发表的公开演讲认为原子弹对人类和我们的未来 构成了威胁。根据句子结构分析可知, argued 为谓语, deliver 为非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词短语 The public lecture,因 lecture 与 deliver 是被动关系,所以应使用过去分词的形式。故填 delivered 。 90.考查副词。句意:显然,人类历史上的科技革命给我们的世界带来了迅速的进步。根据句子结构分 析可知,此处为副词作状语修饰后面的句子。首字母大写, “Obviously”意为“显然地”。故填 Obviously。
91 .why92 .limited93 .where94 .experiments95 .came across96 .bravely97 .the98 .to
start99 .effective100 .fighting
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了屠呦呦及其团队研发青蒿素所面临的困难,他们克服困难的决心和毅 力,以及他们的成就。 91.考查定语从句。句意:这之所以困难,是因为团队资源有限。空处引导定语从句,先行词 reason 在 从句中作原因状语,应用关系副词 why 引导。故填 why 。 92.考查形容词。句意:这之所以困难,是因为团队资源有限。修饰后文名词 resources 应用形容词,结 合句意 limited“有限的”符合题意。故填 limited 。 93.考查定语从句。句意:他们没有足够的员工,并且工作的实验室空气质量很差。空处引导定语从 句,先行词 laboratory 在从句作地点状语,应用关系副词where 引导。故填 where 。 94 .考查名词的数。句意:然而,在上百次失败的实验后,他们最终发现了一种很有前途的化学物质。 experiment“实验”是可数名词,被 hundreds of 修饰应用其复数形式。故填 experiments 。 95.考查时态。句意:然而,在上百次失败的实验后,他们最终发现了一种很有前途的化学物质。陈述 过去的事情应用一般过去时。故填 came across 。 96.考查副词。句意:当他们准备开始测试时,屠呦呦勇敢地自愿成为第一个人类受试者,她的团队其
他成员也跟着她。修饰动词 volunteer 应用副词。故填 bravely。
97.考查冠词。句意:当他们准备开始测试时,屠呦呦勇敢地自愿成为第一个人类受试者,她的团队其 他成员也跟着她。此处表示“第一”应用the first。故填 the 。 98.考查固定短语。句意:当他们准备开始测试时,屠呦呦勇敢地自愿成为第一个人类受试者,她的团 队其他成员也跟着她。结合句意表达“准备做某事”应用 be ready to do sth. 。故填 to start 。 99.考查形容词。句意:他们发现的药物青蒿素现在已经成为世界上对抗疟疾最有效的药物。修饰名词 drug 应用形容词,结合句意 effective“有效的”符合题意。故填 effective 。 100.考查动名词。句意:他们发现的药物青蒿素现在已经成为世界上对抗疟疾最有效的药物。作介词 for 的宾语应用 fight 的动名词形式。故填 fighting。