人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement七选五专项练习（含解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement七选五专项练习（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 71.1KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-07-01 11:54:35 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
Unit 1 单元话题七选五专项练习
(2022·湖南 ·长沙一中高二阶段练习)Albert Einstein held a small, round instrument with a glass cover and a shaking needle in his palm. ___ 1___ Albert’s father called it a compass Albert called it a mystery. No matter how he moved the compass, the needle always pointed to the north.
Something was in the room with him, Albert realized — something he couldn’t see or feel, but that acted on the compass just the same. Puzzled and attracted, Albert listened to his father explain magnetism, the strange force that made the compass needle point north. ___2___ To many children the compass would have been just another toy. To Albert the compass was a miracle he would never forget.
___3___ Born on March 14, 1879, Albert hadn’t looked like other babies. As she cradled her new-son in her arms, Pauline Einstein thought the back of his head looked strange. Was something wrong with Albert Although the doctor told Pauline everything was fine, several weeks passed before the shape of Albert’s head began to look right to her. When Albert was one, his family moved to Munich, where his sister, Maja, was born a year later. ___4___ Where were the baby’s wheels The disappointed two-year-old wanted to know. Albert had
expected a baby sister to be something like a toy, and most of his toys had wheels.
At an age when many children have lots to say, Albert seemed strangely backward. The nine-year-old still had trouble putting his thoughts into words. But Albert was a good listener and a good thinker. When he went hiking with his parents and Maja, he thought about his father’s compass and what it had revealed to him. The clear, open grasslands were filled with more than the wind or the pleasant smell of flowers. ___5___ The very thought of it quickened his pulse.
A ．They were also filled with magnetism.
B ．Albert had always been different from other children.
C ．The five-year-old stared at his hand as if it held magic.
D ．The invisible force makes the compass more than a toy to all.
E ．Looking down at the tiny sleeping parcel, Albert was puzzled.
F ．Somewhere, the wind, soft and magic, clicked through tree branches.
G ．But nothing he said made the invisible power less mysterious or wonderful.
(2022·河南安阳 · 高二期末) Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.____6____ Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent
scientist.
Curiosity
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.____7____
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time. ____8____ Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. ____9____ Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.
Working habits
____ 10____He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A ．To make discoveries, you have to think differently.
B ．There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.
C ．It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D ．A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion.
E ．One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
F ．An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.
G ．Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific
process.
(2022· 陕西西安 · 高二期末) As is known, Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time. He was also a really great person.
Einstein learned from making mistakes
____ 11____, someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencil. He also needed a basket to hold his mistakes. This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making mistakes.
____ 12____
Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too.
Einstein considered time to be important
He never wore socks because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also thought remembering things found in books was not worth it. ____ 13____. He knew what was worth remembering. It is true that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste time.
Einstein liked to joke too
In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were different. ____ 14____ !
When Einstein was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world with his achievements. ____ 15____, we should think of him. So, never be discouraged!
A ．Einstein was also very modest
B ．What a humorous person he is
C ．Einstein was also strict with his students
D ．When Einstein started to work in America
E ．Give students a chance to correct their mistakes
F ．If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems
G ．That’s why he never remembered his own phone number
(2021·广东 · 北京师范大学珠海分校附属外国语学校高二阶段练习) Four Secrets to Steve Jobs’ Success
How is it that a college dropout, who was once kicked out of his own company, became one of the world’s foremost innovators
Carmine Gallo lists the four ways Jobs managed to succeed in the face of discouraging circumstances.
___ 16___
Do what you love, no matter what it happens to be.
This is what Jobs told Stanford University graduates in a speech in 2005, Gallo says the famous talk show host Rachael Ray agrees with this advice. Rachael Ray does what she loves. ____ 17____ She did that because she loved cooking.
Say no to 1000 things.
Simplifying his business was the key to Jobs’ success, Gallo says. In 1997, when Jobs returned to Apple,
Apple was close to bankruptcy (破产) . He took 300 products and condensed them to 10 within a two-year
period.
___ 18___ In his latter years, he decided he would wear the same dress every day so that he didn’t have to think about it.
Kick-start (启动) your brain by doing something new.
Doing new things helped Jobs, in the words of Apple's own slogan, “Think differently.”
The inspiration for the Apple Store came from the Four Seasons Hotel. That’s why when you walk into an Apple Store, you will not find a cashier. ____ 19____. Walk to the back of the store and there’s a bar. It doesn’t serve alcohol, but it collects advice.
___20___
“For Jobs, it wasn’t just about selling 29 million iPads this summer but entertaining the customer at the same time,” Gallo says. “Whether you run a multi-billion dollar tech company or a pizza restaurant, innovation means creating a new experience for your customers,” Jobs says.
A ．Do what you are curious about.
B ．Create fresh experiences.
C ．Instead, you’ll find a doorkeeper.
D ．Carmine Gallo says that you can do the same .
E ．She was giving cooking lessons at Macy’s for free.
F ．Simplicity also extends to Jobs’ personal life.
G ．Jobs explained that iPad was not just a phone but a lifestyle.
(2016·全国 · 高二课时练习) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。
Things You Didn’t Know About Stephen Hawking
Even if you don’t keep a close eye on new developments in physics, you’ve probably heard of the famous physicist Stephen Hawking._____21_____These days, we know Hawking as a brilliant mind whose theories are difficult for a nonscientific mind to grasp. This is why it may come as a shock to learn that Hawking was a slacker when it came to his school studies.___22___With a little more effort, he brought those grades up to about average, but not much better. However, from an early age he was interested in how things worked. He has talked about how he was known to take apart clocks and radios. However, he admits he wasn’t very good at putting them back together so they could work again.Stephen Hawking took a liking to mathematics from an early age, and he would have liked to have majored in it._____23_____He hoped Stephen would instead study medicine.But, for all his
interest in science, Stephen didn’t care for biology. He has said that he found it to be “too inexact, too descriptive
(叙述的)” ._____24_____One problem, however, was that Oxford didn’t have mathematics as a major. The result was that Stephen would attend Oxford and major in physics.______25______That’s why he chose to study universe.
A ．His father wanted to send him to Oxford.
B ．His father, Frank, however, had different ideas.
C ．Actually, he focused on the bigger questions.
D ．He would have rather devoted his mind to more precise concepts.
E ．In fact, when he was 9, his grades ranked among the worst in his class.
F ．However, there’re many interesting facts you might not know about him.
G ．Both his teachers and peers seemed to understand that they had a future genius.
(2022·广东 ·佛山一中高二阶段练习) Cecilia Payne was born in England to highly successful parents. Her father was a fellow of Oxford University, and her mother was a talented artist. She showed a great talent for music. ___26___ However, it was science that stole her heart. Her mother had told her of a bee orchid, a plant that resembled (类似) a bumblebee, and upon discovering this Payne’s mind was set on pursuing a career in science.
As a young adult she won herself a scholarship to study at the University of Cambridge’s Newnham College, where she began studying botany, chemistry and physics. ___27___ After one lecture given by Arthur Eddington on the general theory of relativity, Payne lost sleep thinking about its meaning. Her destiny (命运) had been set, and for the rest of her undergraduate years she majored in physics and became absorbed in astronomy, her true love.
___28___ She went there to work with Harlow Shapley and Princeton’s Henry Norris Russell, two of the most notable researchers in her field at the time. In just two years, Payne completed her PhD essay on the chemical composition of the stars. Her results proved groundbreaking: the Sun was made up mainly of hydrogen and helium. But Russell disagreed with her findings as they conflicted with the accepted theories of the day. ___29___ He reached the same conclusion as Payne by different means.
Payne remained at Harvard for the rest of her academic career and grew into a huge success story. In the mid- 1950s she made history again by becoming the first woman in her department to be promoted to a professorship. She died of lung cancer in 1979. ___30___.
A ．It was here that she met the superstars of physics.
B ．She would later go on to become a skilled pianist.
C ．It changed the way astronomers understood the universe.
D ．Payne gave up her studies under the pressure from Russel.
E ．However, Russell stated her findings were correct four years later.
F ．After completing her studies in the UK, Payne set sail for Harvard.
G ．Now, she is remembered as one of astronomy’s most inspirational women.
(2021· 黑龙江 · 农垦佳木斯学校高二期中) As is known, Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time. ____31____
Einstein learned from making mistakes.
When Einstein started to work in America, someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and a pencil. ____32____This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making mistakes.
____33____
Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too.
Einstein considered time to be important.
He never wore socks, because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also though remembering things found in books was not worth it. That’s why he never remembered his own phone number. ____34____ It is true that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste time.
Einstein liked to joke too.
In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were different!
If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems, we should think of Einstein. When he was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world with his achievements. ____35____
A ．Meanwhile, he was also strict with his students.
B ．Give students a chance to correct their mistakes.
C ．He was also a really great person.
D ．So, never be discouraged!
E ．He knew what was worth remembering.
F ．Einstein was also very modest.
G ．He also needed a basket to hold his mistakes.
参考答案：
1 ．C 2 ．G 3 ．B 4 ．E 5 ．A
【导语】这是一篇人物传记。主要讲述了在阿尔伯特 · 爱因斯坦一开始就与众不同。
1．根据上文“Albert Einstein held a small, round instrument with a glass cover and a shaking needle in his palm.(阿 尔伯特 · 爱因斯坦手里拿着一个小而圆的仪器，有一个玻璃罩，手掌上握着一根摇晃的针)”以及后文 “Albert’s father called it a compass Albert called it a mystery. No matter how he moved the compass, the needle always pointed to the north.(阿尔伯特的父亲称它为指南针，阿尔伯特称它为一个谜。无论他怎样移动罗盘， 指针总是指向北方)”可知， 本句应当是在说明阿尔伯特· 爱因斯坦对手里这个东西的看法：好像手上有魔法。 故 C 选项“这个五岁的孩子盯着他的手，好像手上有魔法”符合语境，故选 C。
2．根据上文“Puzzled and attracted, Albert listened to his father explain magnetism, the strange force that made the compass needle point north.(阿尔伯特既迷惑又被吸引，他听父亲解释磁力——使指南针指针指向北方的奇 特力量)”后文“To many children the compass would have been just another toy. To Albert the compass was a miracle he would never forget.(对许多孩子来说，指南针只是另一个玩具。对阿尔伯特来说，指南针是他永 远不会忘记的奇迹)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出虽然父亲解释了其中的原理，但阿尔伯特仍然觉得
很神奇。故 G 选项“但是他所说的一切都没有减少这种无形的力量的神秘和奇妙”符合语境，故选 G。
3．根据后文“Born on March 14, 1879, Albert hadn’t looked like other babies. As she cradled her new-son in her arms, Pauline Einstein thought the back of his head looked strange.(阿尔伯特出生于 1879 年 3 月 14 日，他和其 他婴儿不一样。当波琳 · 爱因斯坦把她刚出生的儿子抱在怀里时，她觉得他的后脑勺看起来很奇怪)”可知， 本句旨在说明阿尔伯特和别的孩子不一样，B 选项 Albert had always been different from other children 对应 后文 Alberthadn’t looked like other babies，故 B 选项“阿尔伯特一直和别的孩子不一样”符合语境， 故选 B。
4．根据上文“When Albert was one, his family moved to Munich, where his sister, Maja, was born a year later.(阿 尔伯特一岁的时候。他的家人搬到了慕尼黑， 一年后他的妹妹 Maja 在那儿出生)”以及后文“Where were the baby’s wheels (婴儿的轮子在哪里？)”可知，本句是在说明阿尔伯特对婴儿的迷惑，故 E 选项“阿尔伯特低 头看着襁褓中熟睡的小婴儿，感到迷惑不解”符合语境，故选 E。
5．根据上文“When he went hiking with his parents and Maja, he thought about his father’s compass and what it had revealed to him. The clear, open grasslands were filled with more than the wind or the pleasant smell of flowers.(当他与父母和Maja 一起去徒步旅行时， 他想到了父亲的指南针， 以及它给他揭示的东西。清新开 阔的草原上，充满了风和花香)”可知，本句承接上文说明上文提到的这些事物对阿尔伯特的影响，A 选项 中 they 指代上文 grasslands 和 the wind or the pleasant smell of flowers。故 A 选项“它们也充满了吸引力”符 合语境，故选 A。
6 ．C 7 ．G 8 ．B 9 ．D 10 ．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。成功绝非偶然， 一定是一些特别的品质和性格才造就了那么多的伟人和成功人
士。学习本文，让我们一起来欣赏这些成功科学家们的性格特点吧。
6 ．C 选项“它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人。”承接上文“The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. (字典将科 学家定义为在一门或多门科学，特别是自然科学或物理科学方面具有专业知识的人)”讲字典对科学家这一 名词的解释和理解，故选 C 项。
7 ．G 选项“如果科学家没有发问甚至好奇的动力，就永远无法进入科学过程的第一阶段。”承接小标题 “Curiosity (好奇心)”和上文“An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. (一个优秀的科学家必须对 事物非常好奇)”讲科学家要具备的一个特征就是有好奇心，故选 G 项。
8．B 选项“很少有工作比这一项需要更长时间。 ”承接小标题“Patience (耐心)”和上文“Becoming a scientist takes a long time. (成为一名科学家需要很长时间)”讲成为科学家时间很长，需要一定的耐心，故选 B 项。
9．D 选项“科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果， 而不考虑个人利益或公众舆论。 ”和下文“Stickingto an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. (坚持与证据相矛盾的旧信念是不诚实的。然而， 没有强有力的证据， 这种信念不应该改变)”一起表明科学 家要诚实，坚持真理，这是科学家特征“Ethical(道德的) qualities (道德素质)”的体现，故选 D 项。
10．由小标题“Working habits (工作习惯)”可知， 下面一段主要谈到工作习惯， 且下文“He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. (他/她可以单独或在团队中很好地工作， 这取决于需要什么， 还需要在纸上和口头上交流想法)”就是在讲科 学家的工作习惯，F 选项“一个优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并牢记在心。”也是一种工作习
惯和方式。故选 F 项。
11 ．D 12 ．A 13 ．G 14 ．B 15 ．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了爱因斯坦个人的一些伟大之处。
11 ．分析句子结构可知，该空缺乏一个从句。D 选项“当爱因斯坦开始在美国工作时”用 When 引导时间状 语从句， 表明下文“someone asked him what he needed (有人问他需要什么)”事情发生的时间点， 引出下文“He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencil. (他说他需要一张桌子，一些纸和铅笔)”讲工作需要的工具。故 选 D 项。
12．该空为小标题，起总结段落作用。由下文“Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their
homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too. (许多孩子写信要求他帮他们做作业。一天，他写信给一个年轻女孩，告 诉她不要担心她的数学作业，因为他认为数学也很难)”可知，下文讲最伟大的科学家爱因斯坦也认为数学 也很难，说明他谦虚的品质，承接下文， A 选项“爱因斯坦也很谦虚”是最佳小标题。故选 A 项。
13．由小标题“Einstein considered time to be important (爱因斯坦认为时间很重要)”和上文“He never wore socks because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also thought remembering things found in books was not worth it. (他从不穿袜子，因为人们已经穿鞋子了，所以他认为穿 袜子是浪费时间。他还认为，记住书本上的东西是不值得的)”可知，上文用具体事例讲明爱因斯坦不会做 浪费时间的一些事，表明他注重时间的重要性，G 选项“这就是为什么他从不记得自己的电话号码”承接上 文举出另一个爱因斯坦看重时间的例子，也讲明爱因斯坦为什么会这样做。故选 G 项。
14．由小标题“Einstein liked to joke too (爱因斯坦也喜欢开玩笑)”和“In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were different. (在一次考试中， 一个学生问爱因斯坦为什么所有的问题都和去年的一样。爱因斯坦回答的问题都 一样， 但答案不同)”可知， B 选项“他是一个多么幽默的人啊”承接上文讲爱因斯坦拥有幽默感。故选 B 项。
15．分析句子结构可知， 该空缺乏一个从句。由上文“When Einstein was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world with his achievements. (爱因斯坦小时 候，老师们常说他不聪明。然而，爱因斯坦一直在努力工作，他的成就令世界惊讶)”可知，爱因斯坦被老 师说不聪明， 也没有放弃努力工作， 可见永远不要遇到问题就放弃、气馁， 承接上文， F 选项“如果我们遇 到问题时想放弃”用 If 引导条件状语从句，表明下文“we should think of him (我们应该想想他)”事情发生的 条件。故选 F 项。
16 ．D 17 ．E 18 ．F 19 ．C 20 ．B
【分析】本文属于说明文，介绍 Carmine Gallo 列举了乔布斯面对困境，却依然成功的四个秘诀。
16．上一句“Carmine Gallo 列举了乔布斯面对困境，却依然成功的四个秘诀” .D 选项，“你也可以从这四方 面做到”切题，该选项中的“the same”与上文“four ways”对应，故选 D。
17．本段的小标题就是建议人们做自己喜欢的东西，而下一句 Rachael Ray 喜欢做饭，因此她免费教人们 做饭，故选 E 。 18．根据后一句“在乔布斯后来的日子，每天只穿同一款式的衣服，为了不必考虑穿什么”可以得出本段的
大概意思，乔布斯生活过的简单，故选 F。
19．上句“当你走进苹果商店时， 你遇见的不是收银员”，而 C 选项“相反， 你会遇见迎宾员”与上一句形成 对比关系，说明苹果商店的不一样，故选 C。
20．本段主要阐述乔布斯的观点， 无论是高科技产品还是卖披萨之类的生活用品， 都应该创新， 给顾客提 供新的体验，故选 B。
21 ．F 22 ．E 23 ．B 24 ．D 25 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描写了著名的物理学家史蒂芬 ·霍金的一些有趣的事情。
21．根据上文“Even if you don’t keep a close eye on new developments in physics, you’ve probably heard of the famous physicist Stephen Hawking.(即使你不密切关注物理学的新发展，你也可能听说过著名的物理学家史 蒂芬 · 霍金)”可知，上文提及我们很可能听说过著名物理学家霍金。再结合文章的标题“Things You Didn’t Know About Stephen Hawking(关于史蒂芬·霍金，你不知道的事情)”可推断出， 设空处是要引出话题， F 项“然 而，关于他很多事有趣的事情我们可能并不知道”紧承上文进行论述。故选 F。
22．根据上文“These days, we know Hawking as a brilliant mind whose theories are difficult for a nonscientific mind to grasp. This is why it may come as a shock to learn that Hawking was a slacker when it came to his school studies.(如今， 我们知道霍金是一个才华横溢的人， 他的理论对于一个非科学的人来说是很难掌握的。这就 是为什么当得知霍金在学校学习时是个懒鬼时，人们可能会感到震惊)”可知，接下来文章要讲述霍金让人 感到惊讶的事。结合后文“With a little more effort, he brought those grades up to about average, but not much better.(再努力一点，他就把这些成绩提高到了平均水平，但并没有好多少)”可知，即使霍金付出很多努力， 他的成绩仍然不太好，由此可知，E 项“事实上，当霍金 9 岁时，他是班里成绩最差的学生之一”引起对下 文的论述，符合语境。故选 E。
23．根据上文“Stephen Hawking took a liking to mathematics from an early age, and he would have liked to have majored in it.(史蒂芬·霍金从小就喜欢数学，他本想主修数学)”可知，霍金小时候喜欢数学，而且本来想学 数学专业的。再结合后文“He hoped Stephen would instead study medicine.(他希望斯蒂芬改学医学)”可知， 家 人与霍金意见不一致。 B 项“然而他的父亲弗兰克有不同的观点”符合语境。故选 B 。
24．根据上文“He has said that he found it to be “too inexact, too descriptive (叙述的)”” (他说， 他发现它“太不 精确，太具有描述性”) 可知，霍金认为生物太不精确。由此可知，他想学习更加精确的专业。由此可知， D 项“他宁愿在那些更为精确的概念上下功夫”符合语境。故选 D。
25．根据后文“That’swhy he chose to study universe.(这就是他选择研究宇宙的原因)”可知， 霍金选择了研究 宇宙。由此可推断， 设空处讲霍金选择研究宇宙的原因。由此可知， C 项“事实， 也把重点放在更大的问题
上”符合语境。故选 C。
26 ．B 27 ．A 28 ．F 29 ．E 30 ．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天文学家塞西莉亚 ·佩恩。她年轻时进入剑桥大学纽纳姆学院 学习物理学、化学和植物学。后来因为她听了阿瑟 · 爱丁顿的广义相对论演讲， 激起对天文的兴趣。后来她
在天文学上取得了较大成就，第一个提出首次提出恒星主要由氢和氦所组成。
26．根据上文“She showed a great talent for music.(她表现出极大的音乐天赋。 )”可知， 她应在音乐上有所成 就。而选项 B“She would later go on to become a skilled pianist.(她后来成为了一名娴熟的钢琴家)”与上文一 致。故选 B。
27．根据下文“After one lecture given by Arthur Eddington on the general theory of relativity, Payne lost sleep thinking about its meaning.(在听了阿瑟 · 爱丁顿关于广义相对论的讲座后，佩恩因为思考它的意义而失 眠。)”可知，她开始对物理感兴趣。而选项 A“It was here that she met the superstars of physics.(正是在这里， 她遇到了物理学的大师。 )”与下文一致。故选 A。
28．根据下文“She went there to work with Harlow Shapley and Princeton’s Henry Norris Russell, two of the most notable researchers in her field at the time.(她去那里与哈洛 · 沙普利和普林斯顿大学的亨利 · 诺里斯 · 拉塞尔合 作，他们是当时她所在领域最著名的两位研究人员。)”以及最后一段“Payneremained at Harvard for the rest of her academic career and grew into a huge success story.(佩恩在哈佛度过了她余下的学术生涯，并成长为一个 成功人士。)”可知，佩恩是去了哈佛大学。选项 F“After completing her studies in the UK, Payne set sail for Harvard.(在英国完成学业后，佩恩前往哈佛大学求学。 )”正是说她去了哈佛大学。故选 F。
29．根据下文“He reached the same conclusion as Payne by different means.(他以不同的方式得出了与佩恩相 同的结论。 )”可推断出， 佩恩的结论是正确的。选项 E“However, Russell stated her findings were correct four years later.(然而，拉塞尔在四年后表示她的发现是正确的。 )”与下文一致。故选 E。
30．根据上文“In the mid- 1950s she made history again by becoming the first woman in her department to be promoted to a professorship.(20 世纪 50 年代中期，她再次创造了历史，成为系里第一位被提升为教授的女 性。)”以及第三段“Her results proved groundbreaking: the Sun was made up mainly of hydrogen and helium.(她 的结果被证明是开创性的：太阳主要由氢和氦组成)”可知， 佩恩在天文学取得了重大成就。选项 G“Now, she is remembered as one of astronomy’s most inspirational women.(现在， 她被认为是天文学上最鼓舞人心的女性 之一。 )”也给予她高度评价。故选 G。
31 ．C 32 ．G 33 ．F 34 ．E 35 ．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了爱因斯坦个人的一些伟大之处。
31．根据上文“As is known, Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all
time.(众所周知， 阿尔伯特· 爱因斯坦是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一)”可知， 上文提到了爱因斯坦是伟大 的科学家， 本句承接上文继续对他进行评价， C 选项中He 指代上文 Albert Einstein。C 选项“他也是一个非 常伟大的人”符合语境，故选 C。
32．根据上文“When Einstein started to work in America, someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and a pencil.(当爱因斯坦开始在美国工作时，有人问他需要什么。他说他需要一张桌子， 一些纸和一支铅笔)”以及后文“This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making mistakes.(这表明他知道即使是世界上最聪明的人也只能从错误中学习)”可知， 本句旨在说明爱因斯 坦需要的东西是用来保存错误的， G 选项中mistakes 对应后文中mistakes。故 G 选项“他还需要一个篮子来 装他的错误”符合语境，故选 G。
33．根据本段内容“Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too.(许 多孩子写信向他寻求家庭作业方面的帮助。有一天， 他给一个小女孩写了一封信， 告诉她不要担心她的数 学作业，因为他认为数学也很难)”可知，爱因斯坦耐心回复小女孩，说他认为数学也很难，可见他本人很 谦虚。 F 选项“爱因斯坦也很谦虚”符合语境，故选 F。
34．根据上文“He never wore socks, because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also though remembering things found in books was not worth it. That’s why he never remembered his own phone number.( 他从来不穿袜子，因为他认为穿袜子是浪费时间，因为人们已经穿鞋 了。他也认为记住在书中找到的东西不值得。所以他才不记得自己的电话号码)”以及后文“Itis true that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste time.(的确，如果我们要在我们的生命中做伟大的事 情，我们不能浪费时间)”可知，上文提到了爱因斯坦认为不值得记住的东西，可知本句旨在说明他认为什 么值得记住。 E 选项“他知道什么是值得记住的”符合语境，故选 E。
35．根据上文“If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems, we should think of Einstein. When he was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world
with his achievements.(如果我们遇到问题时想要放弃，我们应该想想爱因斯坦。当他还是个孩子的时候， 他的老师常说他不聪明。然而，爱因斯坦一直努力工作，并以他的成就震惊了世界)”可知，爱因斯坦被老 师说不聪明，也没有放弃努力工作，可见永远不要遇到问题就放弃，气馁。D 选项“所以，永远不要气 馁！ ”符合语境，故选 D。
(2022·湖南 ·长沙一中高二阶段练习)Albert Einstein held a small, round instrument with a glass cover and a shaking needle in his palm. ___ 1___ Albert’s father called it a compass Albert called it a mystery. No matter how he moved the compass, the needle always pointed to the north.
Something was in the room with him, Albert realized — something he couldn’t see or feel, but that acted on the compass just the same. Puzzled and attracted, Albert listened to his father explain magnetism, the strange force that made the compass needle point north. ___2___ To many children the compass would have been just another toy. To Albert the compass was a miracle he would never forget.
___3___ Born on March 14, 1879, Albert hadn’t looked like other babies. As she cradled her new-son in her arms, Pauline Einstein thought the back of his head looked strange. Was something wrong with Albert Although the doctor told Pauline everything was fine, several weeks passed before the shape of Albert’s head began to look right to her. When Albert was one, his family moved to Munich, where his sister, Maja, was born a year later. ___4___ Where were the baby’s wheels The disappointed two-year-old wanted to know. Albert had
expected a baby sister to be something like a toy, and most of his toys had wheels.
At an age when many children have lots to say, Albert seemed strangely backward. The nine-year-old still had trouble putting his thoughts into words. But Albert was a good listener and a good thinker. When he went hiking with his parents and Maja, he thought about his father’s compass and what it had revealed to him. The clear, open grasslands were filled with more than the wind or the pleasant smell of flowers. ___5___ The very thought of it quickened his pulse.
A ．They were also filled with magnetism.
B ．Albert had always been different from other children.
C ．The five-year-old stared at his hand as if it held magic.
D ．The invisible force makes the compass more than a toy to all.
E ．Looking down at the tiny sleeping parcel, Albert was puzzled.
F ．Somewhere, the wind, soft and magic, clicked through tree branches.
G ．But nothing he said made the invisible power less mysterious or wonderful.
(2022·河南安阳 · 高二期末) Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.____6____ Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent
scientist.
Curiosity
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.____7____
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time. ____8____ Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. ____9____ Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.
Working habits
____ 10____He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A ．To make discoveries, you have to think differently.
B ．There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.
C ．It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D ．A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion.
E ．One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
F ．An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.
G ．Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific
process.
(2022· 陕西西安 · 高二期末) As is known, Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time. He was also a really great person.
Einstein learned from making mistakes
____ 11____, someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencil. He also needed a basket to hold his mistakes. This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making mistakes.
____ 12____
Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too.
Einstein considered time to be important
He never wore socks because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also thought remembering things found in books was not worth it. ____ 13____. He knew what was worth remembering. It is true that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste time.
Einstein liked to joke too
In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were different. ____ 14____ !
When Einstein was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world with his achievements. ____ 15____, we should think of him. So, never be discouraged!
A ．Einstein was also very modest
B ．What a humorous person he is
C ．Einstein was also strict with his students
D ．When Einstein started to work in America
E ．Give students a chance to correct their mistakes
F ．If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems
G ．That’s why he never remembered his own phone number
(2021·广东 · 北京师范大学珠海分校附属外国语学校高二阶段练习) Four Secrets to Steve Jobs’ Success
How is it that a college dropout, who was once kicked out of his own company, became one of the world’s foremost innovators
Carmine Gallo lists the four ways Jobs managed to succeed in the face of discouraging circumstances.
___ 16___
Do what you love, no matter what it happens to be.
This is what Jobs told Stanford University graduates in a speech in 2005, Gallo says the famous talk show host Rachael Ray agrees with this advice. Rachael Ray does what she loves. ____ 17____ She did that because she loved cooking.
Say no to 1000 things.
Simplifying his business was the key to Jobs’ success, Gallo says. In 1997, when Jobs returned to Apple,
Apple was close to bankruptcy (破产) . He took 300 products and condensed them to 10 within a two-year
period.
___ 18___ In his latter years, he decided he would wear the same dress every day so that he didn’t have to think about it.
Kick-start (启动) your brain by doing something new.
Doing new things helped Jobs, in the words of Apple's own slogan, “Think differently.”
The inspiration for the Apple Store came from the Four Seasons Hotel. That’s why when you walk into an Apple Store, you will not find a cashier. ____ 19____. Walk to the back of the store and there’s a bar. It doesn’t serve alcohol, but it collects advice.
___20___
“For Jobs, it wasn’t just about selling 29 million iPads this summer but entertaining the customer at the same time,” Gallo says. “Whether you run a multi-billion dollar tech company or a pizza restaurant, innovation means creating a new experience for your customers,” Jobs says.
A ．Do what you are curious about.
B ．Create fresh experiences.
C ．Instead, you’ll find a doorkeeper.
D ．Carmine Gallo says that you can do the same .
E ．She was giving cooking lessons at Macy’s for free.
F ．Simplicity also extends to Jobs’ personal life.
G ．Jobs explained that iPad was not just a phone but a lifestyle.
(2016·全国 · 高二课时练习) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。
Things You Didn’t Know About Stephen Hawking
Even if you don’t keep a close eye on new developments in physics, you’ve probably heard of the famous physicist Stephen Hawking._____21_____These days, we know Hawking as a brilliant mind whose theories are difficult for a nonscientific mind to grasp. This is why it may come as a shock to learn that Hawking was a slacker when it came to his school studies.___22___With a little more effort, he brought those grades up to about average, but not much better. However, from an early age he was interested in how things worked. He has talked about how he was known to take apart clocks and radios. However, he admits he wasn’t very good at putting them back together so they could work again.Stephen Hawking took a liking to mathematics from an early age, and he would have liked to have majored in it._____23_____He hoped Stephen would instead study medicine.But, for all his
interest in science, Stephen didn’t care for biology. He has said that he found it to be “too inexact, too descriptive
(叙述的)” ._____24_____One problem, however, was that Oxford didn’t have mathematics as a major. The result was that Stephen would attend Oxford and major in physics.______25______That’s why he chose to study universe.
A ．His father wanted to send him to Oxford.
B ．His father, Frank, however, had different ideas.
C ．Actually, he focused on the bigger questions.
D ．He would have rather devoted his mind to more precise concepts.
E ．In fact, when he was 9, his grades ranked among the worst in his class.
F ．However, there’re many interesting facts you might not know about him.
G ．Both his teachers and peers seemed to understand that they had a future genius.
(2022·广东 ·佛山一中高二阶段练习) Cecilia Payne was born in England to highly successful parents. Her father was a fellow of Oxford University, and her mother was a talented artist. She showed a great talent for music. ___26___ However, it was science that stole her heart. Her mother had told her of a bee orchid, a plant that resembled (类似) a bumblebee, and upon discovering this Payne’s mind was set on pursuing a career in science.
As a young adult she won herself a scholarship to study at the University of Cambridge’s Newnham College, where she began studying botany, chemistry and physics. ___27___ After one lecture given by Arthur Eddington on the general theory of relativity, Payne lost sleep thinking about its meaning. Her destiny (命运) had been set, and for the rest of her undergraduate years she majored in physics and became absorbed in astronomy, her true love.
___28___ She went there to work with Harlow Shapley and Princeton’s Henry Norris Russell, two of the most notable researchers in her field at the time. In just two years, Payne completed her PhD essay on the chemical composition of the stars. Her results proved groundbreaking: the Sun was made up mainly of hydrogen and helium. But Russell disagreed with her findings as they conflicted with the accepted theories of the day. ___29___ He reached the same conclusion as Payne by different means.
Payne remained at Harvard for the rest of her academic career and grew into a huge success story. In the mid- 1950s she made history again by becoming the first woman in her department to be promoted to a professorship. She died of lung cancer in 1979. ___30___.
A ．It was here that she met the superstars of physics.
B ．She would later go on to become a skilled pianist.
C ．It changed the way astronomers understood the universe.
D ．Payne gave up her studies under the pressure from Russel.
E ．However, Russell stated her findings were correct four years later.
F ．After completing her studies in the UK, Payne set sail for Harvard.
G ．Now, she is remembered as one of astronomy’s most inspirational women.
(2021· 黑龙江 · 农垦佳木斯学校高二期中) As is known, Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time. ____31____
Einstein learned from making mistakes.
When Einstein started to work in America, someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and a pencil. ____32____This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making mistakes.
____33____
Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too.
Einstein considered time to be important.
He never wore socks, because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also though remembering things found in books was not worth it. That’s why he never remembered his own phone number. ____34____ It is true that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste time.
Einstein liked to joke too.
In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were different!
If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems, we should think of Einstein. When he was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world with his achievements. ____35____
A ．Meanwhile, he was also strict with his students.
B ．Give students a chance to correct their mistakes.
C ．He was also a really great person.
D ．So, never be discouraged!
E ．He knew what was worth remembering.
F ．Einstein was also very modest.
G ．He also needed a basket to hold his mistakes.
参考答案：
1 ．C 2 ．G 3 ．B 4 ．E 5 ．A
【导语】这是一篇人物传记。主要讲述了在阿尔伯特 · 爱因斯坦一开始就与众不同。
1．根据上文“Albert Einstein held a small, round instrument with a glass cover and a shaking needle in his palm.(阿 尔伯特 · 爱因斯坦手里拿着一个小而圆的仪器，有一个玻璃罩，手掌上握着一根摇晃的针)”以及后文 “Albert’s father called it a compass Albert called it a mystery. No matter how he moved the compass, the needle always pointed to the north.(阿尔伯特的父亲称它为指南针，阿尔伯特称它为一个谜。无论他怎样移动罗盘， 指针总是指向北方)”可知， 本句应当是在说明阿尔伯特· 爱因斯坦对手里这个东西的看法：好像手上有魔法。 故 C 选项“这个五岁的孩子盯着他的手，好像手上有魔法”符合语境，故选 C。
2．根据上文“Puzzled and attracted, Albert listened to his father explain magnetism, the strange force that made the compass needle point north.(阿尔伯特既迷惑又被吸引，他听父亲解释磁力——使指南针指针指向北方的奇 特力量)”后文“To many children the compass would have been just another toy. To Albert the compass was a miracle he would never forget.(对许多孩子来说，指南针只是另一个玩具。对阿尔伯特来说，指南针是他永 远不会忘记的奇迹)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出虽然父亲解释了其中的原理，但阿尔伯特仍然觉得
很神奇。故 G 选项“但是他所说的一切都没有减少这种无形的力量的神秘和奇妙”符合语境，故选 G。
3．根据后文“Born on March 14, 1879, Albert hadn’t looked like other babies. As she cradled her new-son in her arms, Pauline Einstein thought the back of his head looked strange.(阿尔伯特出生于 1879 年 3 月 14 日，他和其 他婴儿不一样。当波琳 · 爱因斯坦把她刚出生的儿子抱在怀里时，她觉得他的后脑勺看起来很奇怪)”可知， 本句旨在说明阿尔伯特和别的孩子不一样，B 选项 Albert had always been different from other children 对应 后文 Alberthadn’t looked like other babies，故 B 选项“阿尔伯特一直和别的孩子不一样”符合语境， 故选 B。
4．根据上文“When Albert was one, his family moved to Munich, where his sister, Maja, was born a year later.(阿 尔伯特一岁的时候。他的家人搬到了慕尼黑， 一年后他的妹妹 Maja 在那儿出生)”以及后文“Where were the baby’s wheels (婴儿的轮子在哪里？)”可知，本句是在说明阿尔伯特对婴儿的迷惑，故 E 选项“阿尔伯特低 头看着襁褓中熟睡的小婴儿，感到迷惑不解”符合语境，故选 E。
5．根据上文“When he went hiking with his parents and Maja, he thought about his father’s compass and what it had revealed to him. The clear, open grasslands were filled with more than the wind or the pleasant smell of flowers.(当他与父母和Maja 一起去徒步旅行时， 他想到了父亲的指南针， 以及它给他揭示的东西。清新开 阔的草原上，充满了风和花香)”可知，本句承接上文说明上文提到的这些事物对阿尔伯特的影响，A 选项 中 they 指代上文 grasslands 和 the wind or the pleasant smell of flowers。故 A 选项“它们也充满了吸引力”符 合语境，故选 A。
6 ．C 7 ．G 8 ．B 9 ．D 10 ．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。成功绝非偶然， 一定是一些特别的品质和性格才造就了那么多的伟人和成功人
士。学习本文，让我们一起来欣赏这些成功科学家们的性格特点吧。
6 ．C 选项“它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人。”承接上文“The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. (字典将科 学家定义为在一门或多门科学，特别是自然科学或物理科学方面具有专业知识的人)”讲字典对科学家这一 名词的解释和理解，故选 C 项。
7 ．G 选项“如果科学家没有发问甚至好奇的动力，就永远无法进入科学过程的第一阶段。”承接小标题 “Curiosity (好奇心)”和上文“An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. (一个优秀的科学家必须对 事物非常好奇)”讲科学家要具备的一个特征就是有好奇心，故选 G 项。
8．B 选项“很少有工作比这一项需要更长时间。 ”承接小标题“Patience (耐心)”和上文“Becoming a scientist takes a long time. (成为一名科学家需要很长时间)”讲成为科学家时间很长，需要一定的耐心，故选 B 项。
9．D 选项“科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果， 而不考虑个人利益或公众舆论。 ”和下文“Stickingto an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. (坚持与证据相矛盾的旧信念是不诚实的。然而， 没有强有力的证据， 这种信念不应该改变)”一起表明科学 家要诚实，坚持真理，这是科学家特征“Ethical(道德的) qualities (道德素质)”的体现，故选 D 项。
10．由小标题“Working habits (工作习惯)”可知， 下面一段主要谈到工作习惯， 且下文“He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. (他/她可以单独或在团队中很好地工作， 这取决于需要什么， 还需要在纸上和口头上交流想法)”就是在讲科 学家的工作习惯，F 选项“一个优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并牢记在心。”也是一种工作习
惯和方式。故选 F 项。
11 ．D 12 ．A 13 ．G 14 ．B 15 ．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了爱因斯坦个人的一些伟大之处。
11 ．分析句子结构可知，该空缺乏一个从句。D 选项“当爱因斯坦开始在美国工作时”用 When 引导时间状 语从句， 表明下文“someone asked him what he needed (有人问他需要什么)”事情发生的时间点， 引出下文“He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencil. (他说他需要一张桌子，一些纸和铅笔)”讲工作需要的工具。故 选 D 项。
12．该空为小标题，起总结段落作用。由下文“Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their
homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too. (许多孩子写信要求他帮他们做作业。一天，他写信给一个年轻女孩，告 诉她不要担心她的数学作业，因为他认为数学也很难)”可知，下文讲最伟大的科学家爱因斯坦也认为数学 也很难，说明他谦虚的品质，承接下文， A 选项“爱因斯坦也很谦虚”是最佳小标题。故选 A 项。
13．由小标题“Einstein considered time to be important (爱因斯坦认为时间很重要)”和上文“He never wore socks because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also thought remembering things found in books was not worth it. (他从不穿袜子，因为人们已经穿鞋子了，所以他认为穿 袜子是浪费时间。他还认为，记住书本上的东西是不值得的)”可知，上文用具体事例讲明爱因斯坦不会做 浪费时间的一些事，表明他注重时间的重要性，G 选项“这就是为什么他从不记得自己的电话号码”承接上 文举出另一个爱因斯坦看重时间的例子，也讲明爱因斯坦为什么会这样做。故选 G 项。
14．由小标题“Einstein liked to joke too (爱因斯坦也喜欢开玩笑)”和“In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were different. (在一次考试中， 一个学生问爱因斯坦为什么所有的问题都和去年的一样。爱因斯坦回答的问题都 一样， 但答案不同)”可知， B 选项“他是一个多么幽默的人啊”承接上文讲爱因斯坦拥有幽默感。故选 B 项。
15．分析句子结构可知， 该空缺乏一个从句。由上文“When Einstein was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world with his achievements. (爱因斯坦小时 候，老师们常说他不聪明。然而，爱因斯坦一直在努力工作，他的成就令世界惊讶)”可知，爱因斯坦被老 师说不聪明， 也没有放弃努力工作， 可见永远不要遇到问题就放弃、气馁， 承接上文， F 选项“如果我们遇 到问题时想放弃”用 If 引导条件状语从句，表明下文“we should think of him (我们应该想想他)”事情发生的 条件。故选 F 项。
16 ．D 17 ．E 18 ．F 19 ．C 20 ．B
【分析】本文属于说明文，介绍 Carmine Gallo 列举了乔布斯面对困境，却依然成功的四个秘诀。
16．上一句“Carmine Gallo 列举了乔布斯面对困境，却依然成功的四个秘诀” .D 选项，“你也可以从这四方 面做到”切题，该选项中的“the same”与上文“four ways”对应，故选 D。
17．本段的小标题就是建议人们做自己喜欢的东西，而下一句 Rachael Ray 喜欢做饭，因此她免费教人们 做饭，故选 E 。 18．根据后一句“在乔布斯后来的日子，每天只穿同一款式的衣服，为了不必考虑穿什么”可以得出本段的
大概意思，乔布斯生活过的简单，故选 F。
19．上句“当你走进苹果商店时， 你遇见的不是收银员”，而 C 选项“相反， 你会遇见迎宾员”与上一句形成 对比关系，说明苹果商店的不一样，故选 C。
20．本段主要阐述乔布斯的观点， 无论是高科技产品还是卖披萨之类的生活用品， 都应该创新， 给顾客提 供新的体验，故选 B。
21 ．F 22 ．E 23 ．B 24 ．D 25 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描写了著名的物理学家史蒂芬 ·霍金的一些有趣的事情。
21．根据上文“Even if you don’t keep a close eye on new developments in physics, you’ve probably heard of the famous physicist Stephen Hawking.(即使你不密切关注物理学的新发展，你也可能听说过著名的物理学家史 蒂芬 · 霍金)”可知，上文提及我们很可能听说过著名物理学家霍金。再结合文章的标题“Things You Didn’t Know About Stephen Hawking(关于史蒂芬·霍金，你不知道的事情)”可推断出， 设空处是要引出话题， F 项“然 而，关于他很多事有趣的事情我们可能并不知道”紧承上文进行论述。故选 F。
22．根据上文“These days, we know Hawking as a brilliant mind whose theories are difficult for a nonscientific mind to grasp. This is why it may come as a shock to learn that Hawking was a slacker when it came to his school studies.(如今， 我们知道霍金是一个才华横溢的人， 他的理论对于一个非科学的人来说是很难掌握的。这就 是为什么当得知霍金在学校学习时是个懒鬼时，人们可能会感到震惊)”可知，接下来文章要讲述霍金让人 感到惊讶的事。结合后文“With a little more effort, he brought those grades up to about average, but not much better.(再努力一点，他就把这些成绩提高到了平均水平，但并没有好多少)”可知，即使霍金付出很多努力， 他的成绩仍然不太好，由此可知，E 项“事实上，当霍金 9 岁时，他是班里成绩最差的学生之一”引起对下 文的论述，符合语境。故选 E。
23．根据上文“Stephen Hawking took a liking to mathematics from an early age, and he would have liked to have majored in it.(史蒂芬·霍金从小就喜欢数学，他本想主修数学)”可知，霍金小时候喜欢数学，而且本来想学 数学专业的。再结合后文“He hoped Stephen would instead study medicine.(他希望斯蒂芬改学医学)”可知， 家 人与霍金意见不一致。 B 项“然而他的父亲弗兰克有不同的观点”符合语境。故选 B 。
24．根据上文“He has said that he found it to be “too inexact, too descriptive (叙述的)”” (他说， 他发现它“太不 精确，太具有描述性”) 可知，霍金认为生物太不精确。由此可知，他想学习更加精确的专业。由此可知， D 项“他宁愿在那些更为精确的概念上下功夫”符合语境。故选 D。
25．根据后文“That’swhy he chose to study universe.(这就是他选择研究宇宙的原因)”可知， 霍金选择了研究 宇宙。由此可推断， 设空处讲霍金选择研究宇宙的原因。由此可知， C 项“事实， 也把重点放在更大的问题
上”符合语境。故选 C。
26 ．B 27 ．A 28 ．F 29 ．E 30 ．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天文学家塞西莉亚 ·佩恩。她年轻时进入剑桥大学纽纳姆学院 学习物理学、化学和植物学。后来因为她听了阿瑟 · 爱丁顿的广义相对论演讲， 激起对天文的兴趣。后来她
在天文学上取得了较大成就，第一个提出首次提出恒星主要由氢和氦所组成。
26．根据上文“She showed a great talent for music.(她表现出极大的音乐天赋。 )”可知， 她应在音乐上有所成 就。而选项 B“She would later go on to become a skilled pianist.(她后来成为了一名娴熟的钢琴家)”与上文一 致。故选 B。
27．根据下文“After one lecture given by Arthur Eddington on the general theory of relativity, Payne lost sleep thinking about its meaning.(在听了阿瑟 · 爱丁顿关于广义相对论的讲座后，佩恩因为思考它的意义而失 眠。)”可知，她开始对物理感兴趣。而选项 A“It was here that she met the superstars of physics.(正是在这里， 她遇到了物理学的大师。 )”与下文一致。故选 A。
28．根据下文“She went there to work with Harlow Shapley and Princeton’s Henry Norris Russell, two of the most notable researchers in her field at the time.(她去那里与哈洛 · 沙普利和普林斯顿大学的亨利 · 诺里斯 · 拉塞尔合 作，他们是当时她所在领域最著名的两位研究人员。)”以及最后一段“Payneremained at Harvard for the rest of her academic career and grew into a huge success story.(佩恩在哈佛度过了她余下的学术生涯，并成长为一个 成功人士。)”可知，佩恩是去了哈佛大学。选项 F“After completing her studies in the UK, Payne set sail for Harvard.(在英国完成学业后，佩恩前往哈佛大学求学。 )”正是说她去了哈佛大学。故选 F。
29．根据下文“He reached the same conclusion as Payne by different means.(他以不同的方式得出了与佩恩相 同的结论。 )”可推断出， 佩恩的结论是正确的。选项 E“However, Russell stated her findings were correct four years later.(然而，拉塞尔在四年后表示她的发现是正确的。 )”与下文一致。故选 E。
30．根据上文“In the mid- 1950s she made history again by becoming the first woman in her department to be promoted to a professorship.(20 世纪 50 年代中期，她再次创造了历史，成为系里第一位被提升为教授的女 性。)”以及第三段“Her results proved groundbreaking: the Sun was made up mainly of hydrogen and helium.(她 的结果被证明是开创性的：太阳主要由氢和氦组成)”可知， 佩恩在天文学取得了重大成就。选项 G“Now, she is remembered as one of astronomy’s most inspirational women.(现在， 她被认为是天文学上最鼓舞人心的女性 之一。 )”也给予她高度评价。故选 G。
31 ．C 32 ．G 33 ．F 34 ．E 35 ．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了爱因斯坦个人的一些伟大之处。
31．根据上文“As is known, Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all
time.(众所周知， 阿尔伯特· 爱因斯坦是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一)”可知， 上文提到了爱因斯坦是伟大 的科学家， 本句承接上文继续对他进行评价， C 选项中He 指代上文 Albert Einstein。C 选项“他也是一个非 常伟大的人”符合语境，故选 C。
32．根据上文“When Einstein started to work in America, someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and a pencil.(当爱因斯坦开始在美国工作时，有人问他需要什么。他说他需要一张桌子， 一些纸和一支铅笔)”以及后文“This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making mistakes.(这表明他知道即使是世界上最聪明的人也只能从错误中学习)”可知， 本句旨在说明爱因斯 坦需要的东西是用来保存错误的， G 选项中mistakes 对应后文中mistakes。故 G 选项“他还需要一个篮子来 装他的错误”符合语境，故选 G。
33．根据本段内容“Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too.(许 多孩子写信向他寻求家庭作业方面的帮助。有一天， 他给一个小女孩写了一封信， 告诉她不要担心她的数 学作业，因为他认为数学也很难)”可知，爱因斯坦耐心回复小女孩，说他认为数学也很难，可见他本人很 谦虚。 F 选项“爱因斯坦也很谦虚”符合语境，故选 F。
34．根据上文“He never wore socks, because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also though remembering things found in books was not worth it. That’s why he never remembered his own phone number.( 他从来不穿袜子，因为他认为穿袜子是浪费时间，因为人们已经穿鞋 了。他也认为记住在书中找到的东西不值得。所以他才不记得自己的电话号码)”以及后文“Itis true that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste time.(的确，如果我们要在我们的生命中做伟大的事 情，我们不能浪费时间)”可知，上文提到了爱因斯坦认为不值得记住的东西，可知本句旨在说明他认为什 么值得记住。 E 选项“他知道什么是值得记住的”符合语境，故选 E。
35．根据上文“If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems, we should think of Einstein. When he was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world
with his achievements.(如果我们遇到问题时想要放弃，我们应该想想爱因斯坦。当他还是个孩子的时候， 他的老师常说他不聪明。然而，爱因斯坦一直努力工作，并以他的成就震惊了世界)”可知，爱因斯坦被老 师说不聪明，也没有放弃努力工作，可见永远不要遇到问题就放弃，气馁。D 选项“所以，永远不要气 馁！ ”符合语境，故选 D。