人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement 重点词汇讲解课件(共115张PPT)
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(共115张PPT)
英语 选择性必修 第一册 配人教版
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Period One Reading and Thinking
阅读课文，选择正确选项
( )1.What’s the main theme of the text about
A．A Nobel Prize winner.
B．The Nobel Prize.
C．A new treatment for malaria.
D．The process of the research.
A
( )2.Which of the following statements about artemisinin is NOT true according to the passage
A．It has saved so many lives.
B．It has improved people’s health.
C．It is a great discovery.
D．It has saved 100, 000 lives a year in the world.
D
( )3.Where is the passage possibly chosen from
A．A hospital registration.
B．A report of great people.
C．A speech for Nobel Prize.
D．A book about medicine.
B
( )4.What can we infer about Tu Youyou and her team members
A．They are generous and strict.
B．They are relaxed and ambitious.
C．They are determined and persistent.
D．They are curious and courageous.
C
( )5.How is the passage mainly organized
A．In order of time.
B．In order of space.
C．In order of importance.
D．In order of location.
A
1．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
(P2)Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
【翻译】青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，仅在非洲一年就可以挽救10万人的生命。
These measures are vital to/for national security.
这些措施对国家安全很重要。
He is firmly convinced that it is vital to do this.
他坚信做这件事至关重要。
It is vital that we should be kept informed of all developments.
重要的是我们必须熟悉所有的发展情况。
be vital to/for… 对……很重要
It is vital to do sth.做某事是很重要的
It is vital that… ……是十分重要的(that从句中要用虚拟语气，即should do, should可以省略)
(2)of vital importance至关重要的
(3)vitally adv.极其,紧要地
【用法详解】
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)It’s vital that we ___________(carry) out the operation immediately.
(2)It is vital ________(protect) wild animals.
(3)Consideration for other people is vital ________ all of us.
【答案】(1)(should) carry (2)to protect (3)to/for
完成句子
(4)Skillful employees ________________ the success of any company.
熟练的雇员对任何公司的成功都极为重要。
(5)________________ you keep accurate records when you are self-employed.
当你是个体经营者时，准确记录账目是至关重要的。
【答案】(4)are vital to/for (5)It is vital that
2．commit vt.承诺；保证
vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
(P2)Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
【翻译】屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，于1930年12月30日出生在中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
(2)committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
be committed to致力于；投身于
(3)commitment n．承诺；交托；信奉
Tom is a committed member of our football team.
汤姆是我们足球队忠于职守的队员。
He committed himself to/was committed to the cause of education.
他投身于教育事业。
Liu Hulan committed herself to fight for the happiness of the people of the whole nation.
刘胡兰承诺要为全国人民的幸福而奋斗。
【语境串记】
Also, you should be totally committed to what you do, as excellence is only possible only with commitment.
此外，完全致力于你所做的事，因为只有完全付出才可能达到卓越。
(1)commit…to把……送交，托付给……；对……作出承诺，承担义务，担负责任；使(自己)致力于……
commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)
承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit a crime犯罪
【用法详解】
④Most crimes are committed by young men.
⑤She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at
the moment.
make a commitment to sth/do sth 承诺，保证做...
补充：commit做出（错或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）
commit a murder
commit suicide
commit a crime
犯凶杀罪
自杀
犯罪；犯下罪行
(1)语法填空
①The development area is __________（commit) to creating a perfect investment environment.
②But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to _________ (practice) it so that within a couple of months
he was playing reasonably（adv. 相当地；合理地） well.
③The company’s ____________(commit) to providing quality at a
reasonable price has been vital to its success.
④You need to be _____________(commit), and have patience and be
sensitive to others.
【即景活用】
committed
practicing
commitment
committed
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He has committed himself ________(support) them.
(2)The boy _______(commit) to the care of his aunt yesterday.
(3)What really matters about a leader is their _____ (commit) to getting to the right answer and to doing it in the right way.
【答案】(1)to support (2)was committed (3)commitment
3．evaluate vt.评价；评估
(P2)Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.
【翻译】她的团队查看了2,000多本古老的医学文献，并对28万株植物的药用特性进行了评估。
The anger was that all the rest of us were evaluated on what we produced.
大家之所以感到愤怒是因为我们其余所有人都是按劳取酬的。
Therefore, establishing an evaluation system is necessary for our course reform.
因此，对我们的课程改革来讲，建立一个评价体系是很有必要的。
In order that you can stay motivated to achieve the goal, firstly you need to evaluate yourself properly.
为了保持动力去实现目标，首先你需要恰当地评估自己。
【语境串联】
A real case was evaluated using this evaluation system.
用此评价体系对一个具体案例进行了评估。
(1)evaluate sb.on/by根据……评价某人
(2)evaluation n．估计；评价
make an evaluation of对……进行评估
【用法详解】
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)We must evaluate her ability ________ her work.
(2)The school has only been open for six months, so it’s hard ________(evaluate) its success.
(3)The key approaches to be used in test and ________ (evaluate) have been proven right.
【答案】(1)on/by (2)to evaluate (3)evaluation
一句多译
我们必须评估火灾造成的后果。
(4)We ________________ the consequences caused by the fire.(evaluate)
(5)We must ________________ the consequences caused by the fire.(evaluation)
【答案】(4)must evaluate (5)make an evaluation of
4.distinct adj.有区别的；清晰的，清楚的
It is distinct that we should make a distinction between the two cases.
很明显，我们应该把这两种情况区别开来。
The two posters are distinct definitely from each other in style.
这两张海报在风格上确实截然不同。
Astronomy, as distinct from astrology, is an exact science.
天文学是一门精密的科学，与占星术完全不同。
The new rule makes no distinction between members and non-members.
新规则对会员和非会员没有区别。
4.distinct adj.有区别的；清晰的，清楚的
(教材P2)．..they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments... ……他们发现并测试了380种不同的……古代中医疗法。
(1)distinction n．[C，U] 差别；区分；卓著
make/draw a distinction 区分开来；区别对待
make no distinction 没有区别
a singer/writer of distinction 一名杰出的歌手/作家
(2)distinguish v. 区分，辨别，分清
distinguish between right and wrong 明辨是非
distinctly
词语搭配：
It is distinct that... 很明显……
be distinct from...in...(＝be different from... in...) 在……方面与……截然不同
as distinct from sth. 完全不同于某事物，与某事物不同(用于强调所谈论的是另一事物)
学法点拨：
把A与B区分开来
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Gold is distinct ________ iron.
②There is a fine ________ (distinct) between the two words.
③We must make a distinction ________ formal language and informal language.
完成句子
④It's difficult for a child to ____________________________________
______________ (明辨是非).
⑤________________________ (……是明显的) smoking is harmful to our health.
from
distinction
between
make a distinction between right and wrong/distinguish
right from wrong
It is distinct/obvious/evident that
4．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得
vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
(P2)They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.
【翻译】然后，他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿，并使用从青蒿中获得的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。
Such information is easily obtained from the nternet.
这种信息从互联网上很容易获得。
We obtained much knowledge of American history from the lecture.
从这次讲座中，我们学到了许多美国历史方面的知识。
As far as I’m concerned, what he had done obtained him respect.
在我看来，他的所作所为为他赢得了尊敬。
obtain vt.(尤指努力)获得；赢得
vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；获得；流行
obtain knowledge/one’s degree获得知识/学位
obtain sb.sth.＝obtain sth.for sb.给某人带来某物
obtain sth.by doing sth.通过做某事获得某物
obtain...from/out of/through... 从……中得到……
【用法详解】
5．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
(教材P2)They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria...之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾……
obtain one's permission 得到某人许可
get/obtain an admission to 获准进入/加入
obtain employment 就业，找到工作
obtain information 获得信息
obtain evidence 取证/获得证据
归纳拓展：
表示“获得”的动词：gain, get, acquire, obtain。
语境助记：
The custom still obtains in some districts.这种风俗在某些地方仍然流行。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Some of the salt that we use is obtained ________ the sea.
②We can obtain experience ________ constant practice.
③These are the results ________ (obtain) through these surveys.
完成句子
④You should ________________ (获得允许) from the head teacher before you leave school.
⑤Both of these books can ______________ (从……中得到) the library.
⑥Scientists have obtained ________________ (更多的证据) plastic is finding its way into the human body.
from
through/by
obtained
obtain permission
be obtained from
more evidence that
5．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
(P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
【翻译】然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。
教材语境》Their project go stuck.However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
①This Sunday the leader of the team delivered a speech and acknowledged having been defeated.
②It’s generally acknowledged that education shouldn’t be measured only by examination results.
③He is acknowledge as a genius by us.
We acknowledged him as a genius.
3. acknowledge
acknowledge doing sth. 承认做某事
It’s universally/generally acknowledged that... 普遍认为；公认
vt. 承认
be acknowledged as 被认为是
acknowledge sb./sth. as/to be ...承认某人/某物为······
点拨应用2：(13')：
④You have to acknowledge that it’s your own fault.
⑤I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement of my contribution.
acknowledge that ... 承认······
in acknowledgement of... 作为对······的感谢
(1)acknowledge (doing/having done)sth.承认(做了)某事
acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as 承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge that…承认……
It’s generally/universally/widely acknowledged that…
大家公认……
(2)acknowledgement n．承认；感谢；确认
in acknowledgement of... 作为对······的感谢
【用法详解】
【特别提醒】
acknowledge表示“承认做了某事”，其后可接动词-ing形式，也可接that从句，但通常不接不定式。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge _____________(steal) the lady’s purse.
(2)She is acknowledged ______________(be) one of the best singers in the world.
(3)I was sent a free copy in ___________(acknowledge) of my contribution.
【答案】
(1)stealing/having stolen (2)to be (3)acknowledgement
完成句子
人们普遍认为应该依据整体素质来评价学生。
(4)People __________________ students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
(5)__________________________ students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
【答案】(4)widely acknowledge that
(5)It is widely acknowledged that
教材语境》Their project go stuck.However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
①This is why most senior high school students suffer defeat every day.
②The party faces defeat in the election.
③He declared that we are to defeat those who attempted to tear the world down in time.
4. defeat
n. 失败, 挫败
suffer defeat 遭受失败
vt. 击败；战胜
face/admit/accept defeat 面临失败/认输/接受失败
7．defeat n．[C，U]失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜；使受挫；使困惑，难住
(教材P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不认输。
(1)n.[C]
a heavy defeat惨败 a big/bad defeat大败
a narrow defeat惜败 suffer (a) defeat 遭遇失败
(2)n.[U]
admit/accept/face defeat 认输/接受失败/面临失败
acknowledge defeat 承认失败
(3)vt.
defeat the enemy 击败敌人
defeat a team 打败一支队伍
be defeated at chess 在下国际象棋时被打败
(1)语法填空
①Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we
were going to win. But to my disappiontment, we _____________
(defeat).
②He _________(defeat) all his opponents.
③Six months after __________(suffer) our defeat on the spring
practice field, we won our first game and our second...
【即景活用】
were defeated
defeated
suffering
7．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
(P2)She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
【翻译】她的结论是，煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药用性能。
He was apparently much surprised at the news.
他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
It is apparent that the house was ruined beyond repair.
很明显，房屋的破坏达到无法修复的程度。
As is apparently shown in the picture, we can see clearly the struggle between people and desert.
明显如图所示，我们可以清楚地看出人类与沙漠之间的较量。
(1)As is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above…
正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样……
(2)apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
It is apparent that… 显然……
apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
apparent honesty 外表上的诚实
an apparent reason 明显的原因
for no apparent reason 不知什么原因
【用法详解】
常见句型：
It is apparent that...显而易见的是……
It is apparent from sth. that...某事表明……
It is apparent to sb. that...某人明白……
名师点津：
以上句型中it都是形式主语，真正主语都是that引导的名词性从句，当名词性从句作主语时则是主语从句。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①As is ________ (apparent) indicated in the table, the house prices have dropped.
②It is apparent ________ the man has lost his patience.
③________ (apparent), blindly following others' advice will affect our own judgment.
④He paused, ________ (apparent) lost in thought.
完成句子
⑤___________ (……很明显) the drug does benefit some patients.
⑥____________________________________________________ (很明显，这个女孩没明白) what the teacher had said.
apparently
that
Apparently
apparently
It's apparent
Apparently the girl didn't take in/It was apparent that the girl didn't take in
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He paused, ____________(apparent)lost in thought.
(2)Soon, it was apparent to everyone ____________ he couldn’t sing.
【答案】(1)apparently (2)that
8．insist vi.&vt.坚持； 坚决要求
(P3)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
【翻译】屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要在自己身上测试这种药，以确保它的安全性。
My mother insisted that I (should)clean my room first.
妈妈强烈要求我先把我的房间打扫干净。
She insisted on/upon (our)going to Beijing by air as it was more comfortable.
她坚持要(我们)乘飞机去北京，因为乘飞机更舒适。
Though all his friends blamed him, he insisted that he had done nothing wrong.
尽管他所有的朋友都责备他，但他坚持认为他没做错任何事。
You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right.
你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的。
(1)insist on/upon (doing) sth.坚决要求(做)某事
(2)在“insist＋that…”结构中，当insist作“坚决主张，坚持要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
【用法详解】
insist on
含义
坚决要求
用法
后面加名词、代词或动名词
拓展1
insist表示“坚持要求/坚持主张”， 接从句用(should)+动词原形。
拓展2
insist表示“坚持说/坚持认为”， 则宾语从句使用陈述语气。
insist on (doing) sth. 表示坚持某种做法、意见、主张。
stick to (doing ) sth. 表示坚持原则、计划、诺言、真理
辨析
1
2
persist in (doing )sth. 常包含固执己见的意思，也可指意志坚定。
3
e.g. John insisted on paying for lunch today.
e.g. He always sticks to his promise.
e.g. She persisted in wearing that old-fashioned dress.
【语境串联】
Insisting that Tom had stolen his car, Mr Smith insisted that he (should) be put into prison.
史密斯先生坚持认为汤姆偷了他的小汽车，并强烈要求把他关进监狱。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The man insisted ________ finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
②He insisted that he ________ (do) nothing wrong and __________ (set) free.
完成句子
③The road is covered with snow. I can't understand why they ____________ (坚持去) by motorbike.
④She was stubborn and insisted that the work ________________ (完成) ahead of schedule.
⑤My sister ________________________ (坚持说她是无辜的).
on
had done
(should) be set
insist on going
(should) be finished
insisted that she was innocent
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He insisted ______ walking me to the station to see me off.
(2)The teacher insisted on all the homework ________(hand) in on Monday.
(3)He insisted that the problem _____(discuss) at the meeting.
【答案】
(1)on/upon (2)being handed (3)(should)be discussed
完成句子
(4)The woman insists that ________________ and can’t do it.
那位女士坚持说她丈夫是个诚实的人，不会做那件事情的。
(5)We insisted that ____________________ himself.
我们坚持让他自己完成这项工作。
【答案】(4)her husband is an honest man
(5)he (should) finish the work
The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.大多数演讲的目的是使听众受益。
The team has been successful in achieving challenging objectives.
该团队已经成功地实现了具有挑战性的目标。
An outsider can give a more objective assessment than a friend.
外人可以比朋友给出更客观的评价。
We should try to avoid being subjective and one-sided when looking at problems.
我们应该尽力避免主观片面地看问题。
.objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的 subjective adj.主观的
(教材P2)In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and...1967年，中国政府成立了一支科学家团队，旨在发现新型抗疟疾疗法，并且……
the main/primary/principal objective 主要/首要/主要目标
meet/achieve one's objectives 达到/实现某人的目标
with the objective of 以……为目标
objective assessment 客观评价
objective measurement 客观度量
objective description 客观描述
from an objective point of view 从客观的角度来说
联想拓展：
a subjective impression 主观印象
a subjective judgement/opinion 主观判断/观点
object与objective作名词时的比较：
(1)object是一般的“目的”，比较抽象；objective原意是军事行动的“目标”，可借喻为一般“目标”，比较具体。如：
①Her main object in life is to gain happiness.她的人生目标是获得幸福。(目标比较抽象)
②The sole objective that all his efforts are directed to is the total liberation of the African people.他所做的一切努力都是为了非洲人民的彻底解放这一目标。(目标比较具体)
③Raising the output of the steel to 12，000，000 tons is our next objective．我们的下一目标是把钢产量提高到1 200万吨。(不能用object，句中表示具体目标)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Our primary ________ (object) is to satisfy the needs ________ our customers.
②My ________ (objective) in making this proposal is to encourage a fuller discussion.
完成句子
③From ___________________ (客观角度来说), this plan is far from perfect.
④He gave an ________________ (客观描述) to what he had seen.
objective
of
object
an objective point of view
objective description
He came to a conclusion that it was not easy to select a satisfactory assistant.
他得出结论，挑选一个令人满意的助手是不容易的。
In conclusion, no one can easily claim who will win in a tight match.
总之，没有人能轻易地断言一场胶着状态的比赛最后谁会赢。
I concluded from his words that he lacked confidence.我从他的话中得出结论，他缺乏信心。
The evening concluded with dinner and speeches.这个夜晚在宴会和讲话中结束了。
To conclude, I'd like to express my thanks to my family.最后，我想表达对家人的感谢。
She concluded her talk with a funny story.她以一个有趣的故事结束了讲话。
5.conclusion n.结论;结束，推论 conclude v．断定；推断出；得出结论；使结束
【归纳】(1)come to/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论
come to the conclusion that ...得出……的结论
in conclusion总而言之
jump to conclusions 匆忙下结论
in conclusion
最后(用于文章或讲话的末尾，表示即将结束)
bring...to a conclusion 使……结束；使……得出结论
归纳拓展：
conclude v．→conclusion n．结束
decide v．→decision n．决定
explode v．→explosion n．爆炸
persuade v．→persuasion n．说服
联想拓展：
conclude... from...从……中推断出……
conclude from sth. that...从……中推断出……
conclude (sth.) with用……结束(某事)
to conclude (＝in conclusion)最后
conclude the meeting结束会议
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Don't jump to ________ (conclude) before considering all the facts, or you may be easily taken in.
②The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its ________ (conclude) are doubtful.
③________ conclusion, I would like to thank everyone who has helped us.
④The speaker concluded his speech ________ a famous saying.
完成句子
⑤Many experts ________________________ (得出结论) that many diseases were related to smoking.
⑥________________________(最后), with this extra evidence, we can draw a conclusion with certainty.
conclusions
conclusions
In
with
drew/reached the conclusion
To conclude/In conclusion
一句多译
我从我自己的经历中得出结论:患难见真情。
④I a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion)
⑤I a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)
drew the conclusion from my own experiences that
concluded from my own experiences that
Under such circumstances, they are likely to buy souvenirs in her shop.
在这种情况下，他们可能会去她的商店买纪念品。
Under no circumstances should the will of the minority override the will of the majority of people.在任何情况下，少数人的意志不能凌驾于多数人的意志之上。
Adolescents tend to adapt to the study atmosphere and circumstance quickly.
青少年往往能很快地适应学习氛围和环境。
6.circumstance n.条件,环境;状况(常用复数)
【归纳】
under/in the circumstances在此情况下
under/in no circumstances决不;无论如何都不(位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装)
if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许
学法点拨：
表示否定意义的介词短语at no time(在任何时候都不), on no condition (无论如何都不), on no account (决不), in no way (决不), in no sense (决不)等位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构。
6.circumstance n.条件,环境;状况(常用复数)
单句填空
① no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity,which is vital for my future development.
②If (circumstance) permit,I will go on talking about the crucial problem,which is difficult to cope with.
Under/In
circumstances
consequence n.结果;后果;影响
【归纳】
(1)as a consequence=in consequence因此;结果
as a consequence of=in consequence of由于……的缘故
of no/little consequence不重要的,无足轻重的
(2)consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的
(3)consequently adv.因此;结果
单句填空
① , her opinion is of little to the plan.(consequent)
②She was over age limit and,in (consequent),her application was rejected.
③(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the (consequence).
④As consequence,children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.
Consequently
consequence
consequence
consequences
a
1.under construction在建造中
(教材P5)The building under construction was designed by I．M. Pei—a famous Chinese-American architect.正在建造的大楼是由著名的美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭设计的。
“under＋n.”常表示正在进行的动作，而且包含被动含义，相当于进行时的被动语态。
under control 被控制住
under repair 在修理中
under observation 在监视中
under consideration 在考虑中
under treatment 在治疗中
under discussion 在讨论中
The stadium is currently under construction (＝being constructed).体育馆目前正在建造中。
归纳拓展：
“介词at/in/on＋名词”可表示某种状态或持续的活动，此时名词前一般不加冠词。
at peace处于和平状态
at table在吃饭
at work在上班
at school在上学
at church在做礼拜
at sea在航海；茫然
in trouble处于困境中
in danger处于危险中
on sale上市；减价销售
on fire着火，失火
on show在展出
on trial在审理中
on holiday在休假
on duty值班
on strike在罢工
on business出差
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①A new highway is said to be ________ construction.
②The countries have been ________ peace for more than a century.
③He is ready to give a hand whenever his friends are ________ trouble.
④Apart from the artist's more than 800 paintings, other artists' paintings are also ________ show in the hallways.
⑤A new power station is __________________________ (在建设中).
⑥The two countries once _______(在交战) during the Second World War are now ______ (处于和平状态).
⑦The church attacked by the enemy in a war was __________(着火).
⑧The new couple are _________ (在休假) in Paris at present.
under
at
in
on
under construction/being constructed
at war
at peace
on fire
on holiday
3.flee vi. & vt. (fled, fled)迅速离开；逃跑
(教材P5)Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany.之后，爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国。
flee a place 逃离某地
flee away 逃离
flee from 从……逃离；避免
The fire spread quickly but the people were lucky to be able to flee from the burning house.火蔓延得很快，但人们很幸运能从燃烧的房子里逃出来。
He was caught trying to flee the country.他试图逃离该国时被抓住了。
归纳拓展：
flee in terror惊恐地逃离
flee from one's duty逃避责任
flee from the fire逃离火场
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The family ________ (flee) from Germany to America ________ the beginning ________ World War Ⅱ.
完成句子
②At the sight ________ the hunter, the wolf _________ (逃走) in terror.
③Yesterday on the highway, he narrowly __________ (避免) a traffic accident and escaped being killed by a running car.
fled
at
of
of
fled away
fled from
4.flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
(教材P5)I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart.
我被要求借助流程图来解释该项目。
(1)the flow of cars 车流
the flow of water 水流
the flow of funds 资金流
stop the flow of blood from the wound 止住伤口流血
(2)flow eastward into ocean 向东流入海洋
flow through the village 流经村庄
教师提示：③小题
现在分词短语flowing through...作后置定语，修饰a small river
即学即练 单句语法填空
①He struggled to swim ________ the flow ________ water.
②Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow ________ the text.
③There is a small river flowing ________ the farm.
完成句子
④Man struggles ________ (高处), water flows ________ (低处).
against
of
of
through
upwards
downwards
8.take up a position 担任;任职
【归纳】
take up接受;开始从事;继续;占据(时间或空间)
take off脱掉;起飞;成名;开始成功
take in接受;收留;理解;明白;欺骗;吸入
take on雇用;呈现(新面貌等);承担
take over接管;接收;安排;摆放;陈列
短语填空
①Smartphones not only our valuable time,but also do great harm to our health.
②The more fat you before bedtime,the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
③With the development of science and technology,our country has
a new look.
take up
take in
taken on
9.remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的
【归纳】
(1)be remarkable for因……引人注目
(2)remark on/upon ...谈论/评论……
remark that ...谈到/说起……
(3)make a remark/remarks on/upon ...对……发表评论/看法
单句填空
①He left the table, (remark) that he had some work to do.
②The musician plays the piano well.She has made
achievements.(remark)
③The place you referred to just now is remarkable its amazing scenery.
remarking
remarkably
remarkable
for
2.stand up to 经得住(考验等)；经得起(磨损等)
(教材P4)Scientists need to evaluate how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is.科学家们需要评估这种新材料如何经得起磨损来证明它的价值。
stand up to close examination 经得起仔细检查
stand up to a serious test 经得住严峻的考验
stand up to sb. 对抗某人
归纳拓展：
stand up for 支持，维护；为某人/物说话
stand for 代表，象征
stand against反对；靠……站着
stand aside 站在一边；不参与
stand by袖手旁观；支持(某人)；信守，遵守(诺言、协定)
stand out突出，显眼，脱颖而出
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Faced with the failure, some can stand up ________ it, draw useful lessons ________ it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do.
②I think the people in this country will stand up ________ what is right.
③There is no doubt that “gym” stands ________ “gymnasium.”
④Don't lose heart; all your friends will stand ________ you.
⑤It was brave ________ her to stand up ________ those bullies.
to
from
for
for
by
of
to
3．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
(教材P4)Scientists need to evaluate how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is.科学家们需要评估这种新材料如何经得起磨损来证明它的价值。
an effective way to prevent wear and tear 有效防止磨损的方法
show no sign of wear and tear 没有磨损的迹象
词语拓展：
wear out 用坏，穿破；使筋疲力尽→worn out 筋疲力尽的
wear well 耐用，耐穿，耐磨
即学即练 完成句子
①This cloth is designed to stand up to a lot of ____________ (磨损).
单句语法填空
②He travels so much that he has ________ (wear) out several suitcases.
③The trousers wear ________ (good) and keep ________ (it) shape.
wear and tear
worn
well
its
The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
中华人民共和国成立于1949年。
With the permission of the national policy, many financial organizations have been founded all over the country.在国家政策的允许下，全国各地很多金融组织建立起来了。
Their marriage was founded on love and respect.
他们的婚姻建立在爱和尊重的基础上。
误区警示：
find (发现)—found—found→不规则动词
found (建立)—founded—founded→规则动词
拓展比较：
表示“建立”的词汇：establish, build, set up。
(1)build指一般“修建”“建立”，可与house, road, bridge, socialism, hope等词连用。
(2)establish建立，树立。兼指具体和抽象事物，有“稳固建成”之含义。可与school, reputation, government等连用，(建立学校/名声/政府……)
(3)set up建立，设立。着重“开始”之含义。可用于具体事物，如school, flag-staff, monument (建立学校、树立旗杆/纪念碑)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①As is reported, it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University __________ (found).
②The teacher founded his system of language teaching ________ the belief that speaking should come before reading.
③Tsinghua University, ________ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
④The builders are now beginning to lay the ________ (found) for the new school.
完成句子
⑤________________________ (建于20世纪早期), the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
was founded
on
founded
foundation
Founded in the early 20th century
2.passion n．酷爱；激情；盛怒
(教材P8)While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他仍继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
develop a passion for... 对……产生爱好，培养对……的热情
have a passion for 酷爱……
get into a passion 突然发怒
in a passion 发怒
He has a passion for music.他酷爱音乐。
The singer could not control his passion.那位歌手无法控制自己的激情。
His father got into a passion because the boy smashed up one of his collections.
因为那个男孩打碎了他的一个收藏品，父亲勃然大怒。
归纳拓展：
with passion充满激情地
be filled with passion充满激情
arouse one's passion唤起某人的激情
tremble with passion因生气而颤抖
即学即练 单句语法填空
①He has a passion ________ Chinese literature, which dates back to his youth.
②________ a passion he deleted all the useful data in the computer.
完成句子
③She often takes her son to the gallery, trying to help him __________________ (培养对……的热情) art.
④Hearing the words, he _________________ (气得发抖).
for
In
develop a passion for
trembled with passion
1．(P2)In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
【翻译】1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Roger took painting ________ for a while, but soon lost interest.
②He is always ready to take ________ heavy responsibilities.
③She took ________ his work after his departure.
④If you trust him, you will certainly be taken ________．
⑤I can't take my boots ________； they're so tight!
⑥They are taking ________ the old gallery.
完成句子
⑦Bill ________________________(开始从事警察工作) after quitting his previous job.
⑧The book _____________ (使他回忆起) to the days when he had been in the countryside.
⑨Please ________________ (带孩子们出去). Their noise is making my head ache.
up
on
over
in
off
down
took up a position as a policeman
took him back
take the children out
【句式剖析】
句中过去分词“chosen”作名词“researchers”的后置定语，相当于定语从句“that were chosen”的省略。
(1)过去分词作定语时通常与所修饰的名词构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。
(2)过去分词还可以在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。此时过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。
【归纳拓展】
Given a lot of money, he lived a better life.
给他许多钱后，他的日子过得好多了。
The experience gained will give you more confidence to help your customers.
获得的经验会给你更多的信心去帮助你的客户。
When crossing the river, the Red Army soldiers took care not to touch the trees newly planted by the river.
渡河的时候，红军战士小心翼翼，以防碰到了河边新种的树木。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The teacher came in, ________________(follow)by a group of students.
(2)___________(use)with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
(3)There are many beautifully ___________(decorate)houses in this rich area.
【答案】(1)followed (2)Used (3)decorated
完成句子
(4)________________ will be fully supplied.
所需的所有工具将全部供应。
(5)With great care, the 7-year-old boy put away the books ________________.
这个七岁大的男孩小心翼翼地把昨天在学校新发的书收起来。
【答案】(4)All the tools needed
(5)newly distributed at school yesterday
2．(P3)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine…”
【翻译】当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说，“荣誉不只是属于我自己的……”
【句式剖析】
在本句中，“介词upon＋v.-ing形式”构成介词短语，用作时间状语。upon还可转换为介词on, 表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体，依据语境，可译作“在……的时候； 当……时； 一……就……”。
(1)一些表示短暂性动作的动词，如：arrive, return, reach, hear, see, receive, enter, step, get, recognize, leave等，它们相应的名词形式或动名词形式用在upon或on之后可表达“一……就……”。
【归纳拓展】
(2)某些at开头的介词短语可用来表达“一……就……”，如：at the sight of(一看到)；at the
thought of(一想到)；at the sound of(一听到)；at the first opportunity/chance(一有机会)等。
(3)在名词minute, moment和instant前加上定冠词the可以引导时间状语从句来表达“一……就……”。它们后面可以加that，含义不变。
(4)可用副词immediately, instantly和directly可表达“一……就……”。这时，这几个词所起的作用相当于连词，引导时间状语从句。这种用法主要用在英国英语及口语中。
英语 选择性必修 第一册 配人教版
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Period One Reading and Thinking
阅读课文，选择正确选项
( )1.What’s the main theme of the text about
A．A Nobel Prize winner.
B．The Nobel Prize.
C．A new treatment for malaria.
D．The process of the research.
A
( )2.Which of the following statements about artemisinin is NOT true according to the passage
A．It has saved so many lives.
B．It has improved people’s health.
C．It is a great discovery.
D．It has saved 100, 000 lives a year in the world.
D
( )3.Where is the passage possibly chosen from
A．A hospital registration.
B．A report of great people.
C．A speech for Nobel Prize.
D．A book about medicine.
B
( )4.What can we infer about Tu Youyou and her team members
A．They are generous and strict.
B．They are relaxed and ambitious.
C．They are determined and persistent.
D．They are curious and courageous.
C
( )5.How is the passage mainly organized
A．In order of time.
B．In order of space.
C．In order of importance.
D．In order of location.
A
1．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
(P2)Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
【翻译】青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，仅在非洲一年就可以挽救10万人的生命。
These measures are vital to/for national security.
这些措施对国家安全很重要。
He is firmly convinced that it is vital to do this.
他坚信做这件事至关重要。
It is vital that we should be kept informed of all developments.
重要的是我们必须熟悉所有的发展情况。
be vital to/for… 对……很重要
It is vital to do sth.做某事是很重要的
It is vital that… ……是十分重要的(that从句中要用虚拟语气，即should do, should可以省略)
(2)of vital importance至关重要的
(3)vitally adv.极其,紧要地
【用法详解】
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)It’s vital that we ___________(carry) out the operation immediately.
(2)It is vital ________(protect) wild animals.
(3)Consideration for other people is vital ________ all of us.
【答案】(1)(should) carry (2)to protect (3)to/for
完成句子
(4)Skillful employees ________________ the success of any company.
熟练的雇员对任何公司的成功都极为重要。
(5)________________ you keep accurate records when you are self-employed.
当你是个体经营者时，准确记录账目是至关重要的。
【答案】(4)are vital to/for (5)It is vital that
2．commit vt.承诺；保证
vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
(P2)Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
【翻译】屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，于1930年12月30日出生在中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
(2)committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
be committed to致力于；投身于
(3)commitment n．承诺；交托；信奉
Tom is a committed member of our football team.
汤姆是我们足球队忠于职守的队员。
He committed himself to/was committed to the cause of education.
他投身于教育事业。
Liu Hulan committed herself to fight for the happiness of the people of the whole nation.
刘胡兰承诺要为全国人民的幸福而奋斗。
【语境串记】
Also, you should be totally committed to what you do, as excellence is only possible only with commitment.
此外，完全致力于你所做的事，因为只有完全付出才可能达到卓越。
(1)commit…to把……送交，托付给……；对……作出承诺，承担义务，担负责任；使(自己)致力于……
commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)
承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit a crime犯罪
【用法详解】
④Most crimes are committed by young men.
⑤She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at
the moment.
make a commitment to sth/do sth 承诺，保证做...
补充：commit做出（错或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）
commit a murder
commit suicide
commit a crime
犯凶杀罪
自杀
犯罪；犯下罪行
(1)语法填空
①The development area is __________（commit) to creating a perfect investment environment.
②But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to _________ (practice) it so that within a couple of months
he was playing reasonably（adv. 相当地；合理地） well.
③The company’s ____________(commit) to providing quality at a
reasonable price has been vital to its success.
④You need to be _____________(commit), and have patience and be
sensitive to others.
【即景活用】
committed
practicing
commitment
committed
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He has committed himself ________(support) them.
(2)The boy _______(commit) to the care of his aunt yesterday.
(3)What really matters about a leader is their _____ (commit) to getting to the right answer and to doing it in the right way.
【答案】(1)to support (2)was committed (3)commitment
3．evaluate vt.评价；评估
(P2)Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.
【翻译】她的团队查看了2,000多本古老的医学文献，并对28万株植物的药用特性进行了评估。
The anger was that all the rest of us were evaluated on what we produced.
大家之所以感到愤怒是因为我们其余所有人都是按劳取酬的。
Therefore, establishing an evaluation system is necessary for our course reform.
因此，对我们的课程改革来讲，建立一个评价体系是很有必要的。
In order that you can stay motivated to achieve the goal, firstly you need to evaluate yourself properly.
为了保持动力去实现目标，首先你需要恰当地评估自己。
【语境串联】
A real case was evaluated using this evaluation system.
用此评价体系对一个具体案例进行了评估。
(1)evaluate sb.on/by根据……评价某人
(2)evaluation n．估计；评价
make an evaluation of对……进行评估
【用法详解】
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)We must evaluate her ability ________ her work.
(2)The school has only been open for six months, so it’s hard ________(evaluate) its success.
(3)The key approaches to be used in test and ________ (evaluate) have been proven right.
【答案】(1)on/by (2)to evaluate (3)evaluation
一句多译
我们必须评估火灾造成的后果。
(4)We ________________ the consequences caused by the fire.(evaluate)
(5)We must ________________ the consequences caused by the fire.(evaluation)
【答案】(4)must evaluate (5)make an evaluation of
4.distinct adj.有区别的；清晰的，清楚的
It is distinct that we should make a distinction between the two cases.
很明显，我们应该把这两种情况区别开来。
The two posters are distinct definitely from each other in style.
这两张海报在风格上确实截然不同。
Astronomy, as distinct from astrology, is an exact science.
天文学是一门精密的科学，与占星术完全不同。
The new rule makes no distinction between members and non-members.
新规则对会员和非会员没有区别。
4.distinct adj.有区别的；清晰的，清楚的
(教材P2)．..they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments... ……他们发现并测试了380种不同的……古代中医疗法。
(1)distinction n．[C，U] 差别；区分；卓著
make/draw a distinction 区分开来；区别对待
make no distinction 没有区别
a singer/writer of distinction 一名杰出的歌手/作家
(2)distinguish v. 区分，辨别，分清
distinguish between right and wrong 明辨是非
distinctly
词语搭配：
It is distinct that... 很明显……
be distinct from...in...(＝be different from... in...) 在……方面与……截然不同
as distinct from sth. 完全不同于某事物，与某事物不同(用于强调所谈论的是另一事物)
学法点拨：
把A与B区分开来
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Gold is distinct ________ iron.
②There is a fine ________ (distinct) between the two words.
③We must make a distinction ________ formal language and informal language.
完成句子
④It's difficult for a child to ____________________________________
______________ (明辨是非).
⑤________________________ (……是明显的) smoking is harmful to our health.
from
distinction
between
make a distinction between right and wrong/distinguish
right from wrong
It is distinct/obvious/evident that
4．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得
vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
(P2)They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.
【翻译】然后，他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿，并使用从青蒿中获得的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。
Such information is easily obtained from the nternet.
这种信息从互联网上很容易获得。
We obtained much knowledge of American history from the lecture.
从这次讲座中，我们学到了许多美国历史方面的知识。
As far as I’m concerned, what he had done obtained him respect.
在我看来，他的所作所为为他赢得了尊敬。
obtain vt.(尤指努力)获得；赢得
vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；获得；流行
obtain knowledge/one’s degree获得知识/学位
obtain sb.sth.＝obtain sth.for sb.给某人带来某物
obtain sth.by doing sth.通过做某事获得某物
obtain...from/out of/through... 从……中得到……
【用法详解】
5．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
(教材P2)They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria...之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾……
obtain one's permission 得到某人许可
get/obtain an admission to 获准进入/加入
obtain employment 就业，找到工作
obtain information 获得信息
obtain evidence 取证/获得证据
归纳拓展：
表示“获得”的动词：gain, get, acquire, obtain。
语境助记：
The custom still obtains in some districts.这种风俗在某些地方仍然流行。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Some of the salt that we use is obtained ________ the sea.
②We can obtain experience ________ constant practice.
③These are the results ________ (obtain) through these surveys.
完成句子
④You should ________________ (获得允许) from the head teacher before you leave school.
⑤Both of these books can ______________ (从……中得到) the library.
⑥Scientists have obtained ________________ (更多的证据) plastic is finding its way into the human body.
from
through/by
obtained
obtain permission
be obtained from
more evidence that
5．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
(P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
【翻译】然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。
教材语境》Their project go stuck.However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
①This Sunday the leader of the team delivered a speech and acknowledged having been defeated.
②It’s generally acknowledged that education shouldn’t be measured only by examination results.
③He is acknowledge as a genius by us.
We acknowledged him as a genius.
3. acknowledge
acknowledge doing sth. 承认做某事
It’s universally/generally acknowledged that... 普遍认为；公认
vt. 承认
be acknowledged as 被认为是
acknowledge sb./sth. as/to be ...承认某人/某物为······
点拨应用2：(13')：
④You have to acknowledge that it’s your own fault.
⑤I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement of my contribution.
acknowledge that ... 承认······
in acknowledgement of... 作为对······的感谢
(1)acknowledge (doing/having done)sth.承认(做了)某事
acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as 承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge that…承认……
It’s generally/universally/widely acknowledged that…
大家公认……
(2)acknowledgement n．承认；感谢；确认
in acknowledgement of... 作为对······的感谢
【用法详解】
【特别提醒】
acknowledge表示“承认做了某事”，其后可接动词-ing形式，也可接that从句，但通常不接不定式。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge _____________(steal) the lady’s purse.
(2)She is acknowledged ______________(be) one of the best singers in the world.
(3)I was sent a free copy in ___________(acknowledge) of my contribution.
【答案】
(1)stealing/having stolen (2)to be (3)acknowledgement
完成句子
人们普遍认为应该依据整体素质来评价学生。
(4)People __________________ students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
(5)__________________________ students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
【答案】(4)widely acknowledge that
(5)It is widely acknowledged that
教材语境》Their project go stuck.However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
①This is why most senior high school students suffer defeat every day.
②The party faces defeat in the election.
③He declared that we are to defeat those who attempted to tear the world down in time.
4. defeat
n. 失败, 挫败
suffer defeat 遭受失败
vt. 击败；战胜
face/admit/accept defeat 面临失败/认输/接受失败
7．defeat n．[C，U]失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜；使受挫；使困惑，难住
(教材P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不认输。
(1)n.[C]
a heavy defeat惨败 a big/bad defeat大败
a narrow defeat惜败 suffer (a) defeat 遭遇失败
(2)n.[U]
admit/accept/face defeat 认输/接受失败/面临失败
acknowledge defeat 承认失败
(3)vt.
defeat the enemy 击败敌人
defeat a team 打败一支队伍
be defeated at chess 在下国际象棋时被打败
(1)语法填空
①Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we
were going to win. But to my disappiontment, we _____________
(defeat).
②He _________(defeat) all his opponents.
③Six months after __________(suffer) our defeat on the spring
practice field, we won our first game and our second...
【即景活用】
were defeated
defeated
suffering
7．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
(P2)She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
【翻译】她的结论是，煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药用性能。
He was apparently much surprised at the news.
他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
It is apparent that the house was ruined beyond repair.
很明显，房屋的破坏达到无法修复的程度。
As is apparently shown in the picture, we can see clearly the struggle between people and desert.
明显如图所示，我们可以清楚地看出人类与沙漠之间的较量。
(1)As is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above…
正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样……
(2)apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
It is apparent that… 显然……
apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
apparent honesty 外表上的诚实
an apparent reason 明显的原因
for no apparent reason 不知什么原因
【用法详解】
常见句型：
It is apparent that...显而易见的是……
It is apparent from sth. that...某事表明……
It is apparent to sb. that...某人明白……
名师点津：
以上句型中it都是形式主语，真正主语都是that引导的名词性从句，当名词性从句作主语时则是主语从句。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①As is ________ (apparent) indicated in the table, the house prices have dropped.
②It is apparent ________ the man has lost his patience.
③________ (apparent), blindly following others' advice will affect our own judgment.
④He paused, ________ (apparent) lost in thought.
完成句子
⑤___________ (……很明显) the drug does benefit some patients.
⑥____________________________________________________ (很明显，这个女孩没明白) what the teacher had said.
apparently
that
Apparently
apparently
It's apparent
Apparently the girl didn't take in/It was apparent that the girl didn't take in
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He paused, ____________(apparent)lost in thought.
(2)Soon, it was apparent to everyone ____________ he couldn’t sing.
【答案】(1)apparently (2)that
8．insist vi.&vt.坚持； 坚决要求
(P3)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
【翻译】屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要在自己身上测试这种药，以确保它的安全性。
My mother insisted that I (should)clean my room first.
妈妈强烈要求我先把我的房间打扫干净。
She insisted on/upon (our)going to Beijing by air as it was more comfortable.
她坚持要(我们)乘飞机去北京，因为乘飞机更舒适。
Though all his friends blamed him, he insisted that he had done nothing wrong.
尽管他所有的朋友都责备他，但他坚持认为他没做错任何事。
You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right.
你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的。
(1)insist on/upon (doing) sth.坚决要求(做)某事
(2)在“insist＋that…”结构中，当insist作“坚决主张，坚持要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
【用法详解】
insist on
含义
坚决要求
用法
后面加名词、代词或动名词
拓展1
insist表示“坚持要求/坚持主张”， 接从句用(should)+动词原形。
拓展2
insist表示“坚持说/坚持认为”， 则宾语从句使用陈述语气。
insist on (doing) sth. 表示坚持某种做法、意见、主张。
stick to (doing ) sth. 表示坚持原则、计划、诺言、真理
辨析
1
2
persist in (doing )sth. 常包含固执己见的意思，也可指意志坚定。
3
e.g. John insisted on paying for lunch today.
e.g. He always sticks to his promise.
e.g. She persisted in wearing that old-fashioned dress.
【语境串联】
Insisting that Tom had stolen his car, Mr Smith insisted that he (should) be put into prison.
史密斯先生坚持认为汤姆偷了他的小汽车，并强烈要求把他关进监狱。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The man insisted ________ finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
②He insisted that he ________ (do) nothing wrong and __________ (set) free.
完成句子
③The road is covered with snow. I can't understand why they ____________ (坚持去) by motorbike.
④She was stubborn and insisted that the work ________________ (完成) ahead of schedule.
⑤My sister ________________________ (坚持说她是无辜的).
on
had done
(should) be set
insist on going
(should) be finished
insisted that she was innocent
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He insisted ______ walking me to the station to see me off.
(2)The teacher insisted on all the homework ________(hand) in on Monday.
(3)He insisted that the problem _____(discuss) at the meeting.
【答案】
(1)on/upon (2)being handed (3)(should)be discussed
完成句子
(4)The woman insists that ________________ and can’t do it.
那位女士坚持说她丈夫是个诚实的人，不会做那件事情的。
(5)We insisted that ____________________ himself.
我们坚持让他自己完成这项工作。
【答案】(4)her husband is an honest man
(5)he (should) finish the work
The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.大多数演讲的目的是使听众受益。
The team has been successful in achieving challenging objectives.
该团队已经成功地实现了具有挑战性的目标。
An outsider can give a more objective assessment than a friend.
外人可以比朋友给出更客观的评价。
We should try to avoid being subjective and one-sided when looking at problems.
我们应该尽力避免主观片面地看问题。
.objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的 subjective adj.主观的
(教材P2)In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and...1967年，中国政府成立了一支科学家团队，旨在发现新型抗疟疾疗法，并且……
the main/primary/principal objective 主要/首要/主要目标
meet/achieve one's objectives 达到/实现某人的目标
with the objective of 以……为目标
objective assessment 客观评价
objective measurement 客观度量
objective description 客观描述
from an objective point of view 从客观的角度来说
联想拓展：
a subjective impression 主观印象
a subjective judgement/opinion 主观判断/观点
object与objective作名词时的比较：
(1)object是一般的“目的”，比较抽象；objective原意是军事行动的“目标”，可借喻为一般“目标”，比较具体。如：
①Her main object in life is to gain happiness.她的人生目标是获得幸福。(目标比较抽象)
②The sole objective that all his efforts are directed to is the total liberation of the African people.他所做的一切努力都是为了非洲人民的彻底解放这一目标。(目标比较具体)
③Raising the output of the steel to 12，000，000 tons is our next objective．我们的下一目标是把钢产量提高到1 200万吨。(不能用object，句中表示具体目标)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Our primary ________ (object) is to satisfy the needs ________ our customers.
②My ________ (objective) in making this proposal is to encourage a fuller discussion.
完成句子
③From ___________________ (客观角度来说), this plan is far from perfect.
④He gave an ________________ (客观描述) to what he had seen.
objective
of
object
an objective point of view
objective description
He came to a conclusion that it was not easy to select a satisfactory assistant.
他得出结论，挑选一个令人满意的助手是不容易的。
In conclusion, no one can easily claim who will win in a tight match.
总之，没有人能轻易地断言一场胶着状态的比赛最后谁会赢。
I concluded from his words that he lacked confidence.我从他的话中得出结论，他缺乏信心。
The evening concluded with dinner and speeches.这个夜晚在宴会和讲话中结束了。
To conclude, I'd like to express my thanks to my family.最后，我想表达对家人的感谢。
She concluded her talk with a funny story.她以一个有趣的故事结束了讲话。
5.conclusion n.结论;结束，推论 conclude v．断定；推断出；得出结论；使结束
【归纳】(1)come to/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论
come to the conclusion that ...得出……的结论
in conclusion总而言之
jump to conclusions 匆忙下结论
in conclusion
最后(用于文章或讲话的末尾，表示即将结束)
bring...to a conclusion 使……结束；使……得出结论
归纳拓展：
conclude v．→conclusion n．结束
decide v．→decision n．决定
explode v．→explosion n．爆炸
persuade v．→persuasion n．说服
联想拓展：
conclude... from...从……中推断出……
conclude from sth. that...从……中推断出……
conclude (sth.) with用……结束(某事)
to conclude (＝in conclusion)最后
conclude the meeting结束会议
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Don't jump to ________ (conclude) before considering all the facts, or you may be easily taken in.
②The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its ________ (conclude) are doubtful.
③________ conclusion, I would like to thank everyone who has helped us.
④The speaker concluded his speech ________ a famous saying.
完成句子
⑤Many experts ________________________ (得出结论) that many diseases were related to smoking.
⑥________________________(最后), with this extra evidence, we can draw a conclusion with certainty.
conclusions
conclusions
In
with
drew/reached the conclusion
To conclude/In conclusion
一句多译
我从我自己的经历中得出结论:患难见真情。
④I a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion)
⑤I a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)
drew the conclusion from my own experiences that
concluded from my own experiences that
Under such circumstances, they are likely to buy souvenirs in her shop.
在这种情况下，他们可能会去她的商店买纪念品。
Under no circumstances should the will of the minority override the will of the majority of people.在任何情况下，少数人的意志不能凌驾于多数人的意志之上。
Adolescents tend to adapt to the study atmosphere and circumstance quickly.
青少年往往能很快地适应学习氛围和环境。
6.circumstance n.条件,环境;状况(常用复数)
【归纳】
under/in the circumstances在此情况下
under/in no circumstances决不;无论如何都不(位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装)
if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许
学法点拨：
表示否定意义的介词短语at no time(在任何时候都不), on no condition (无论如何都不), on no account (决不), in no way (决不), in no sense (决不)等位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构。
6.circumstance n.条件,环境;状况(常用复数)
单句填空
① no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity,which is vital for my future development.
②If (circumstance) permit,I will go on talking about the crucial problem,which is difficult to cope with.
Under/In
circumstances
consequence n.结果;后果;影响
【归纳】
(1)as a consequence=in consequence因此;结果
as a consequence of=in consequence of由于……的缘故
of no/little consequence不重要的,无足轻重的
(2)consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的
(3)consequently adv.因此;结果
单句填空
① , her opinion is of little to the plan.(consequent)
②She was over age limit and,in (consequent),her application was rejected.
③(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the (consequence).
④As consequence,children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.
Consequently
consequence
consequence
consequences
a
1.under construction在建造中
(教材P5)The building under construction was designed by I．M. Pei—a famous Chinese-American architect.正在建造的大楼是由著名的美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭设计的。
“under＋n.”常表示正在进行的动作，而且包含被动含义，相当于进行时的被动语态。
under control 被控制住
under repair 在修理中
under observation 在监视中
under consideration 在考虑中
under treatment 在治疗中
under discussion 在讨论中
The stadium is currently under construction (＝being constructed).体育馆目前正在建造中。
归纳拓展：
“介词at/in/on＋名词”可表示某种状态或持续的活动，此时名词前一般不加冠词。
at peace处于和平状态
at table在吃饭
at work在上班
at school在上学
at church在做礼拜
at sea在航海；茫然
in trouble处于困境中
in danger处于危险中
on sale上市；减价销售
on fire着火，失火
on show在展出
on trial在审理中
on holiday在休假
on duty值班
on strike在罢工
on business出差
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①A new highway is said to be ________ construction.
②The countries have been ________ peace for more than a century.
③He is ready to give a hand whenever his friends are ________ trouble.
④Apart from the artist's more than 800 paintings, other artists' paintings are also ________ show in the hallways.
⑤A new power station is __________________________ (在建设中).
⑥The two countries once _______(在交战) during the Second World War are now ______ (处于和平状态).
⑦The church attacked by the enemy in a war was __________(着火).
⑧The new couple are _________ (在休假) in Paris at present.
under
at
in
on
under construction/being constructed
at war
at peace
on fire
on holiday
3.flee vi. & vt. (fled, fled)迅速离开；逃跑
(教材P5)Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany.之后，爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国。
flee a place 逃离某地
flee away 逃离
flee from 从……逃离；避免
The fire spread quickly but the people were lucky to be able to flee from the burning house.火蔓延得很快，但人们很幸运能从燃烧的房子里逃出来。
He was caught trying to flee the country.他试图逃离该国时被抓住了。
归纳拓展：
flee in terror惊恐地逃离
flee from one's duty逃避责任
flee from the fire逃离火场
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The family ________ (flee) from Germany to America ________ the beginning ________ World War Ⅱ.
完成句子
②At the sight ________ the hunter, the wolf _________ (逃走) in terror.
③Yesterday on the highway, he narrowly __________ (避免) a traffic accident and escaped being killed by a running car.
fled
at
of
of
fled away
fled from
4.flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
(教材P5)I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart.
我被要求借助流程图来解释该项目。
(1)the flow of cars 车流
the flow of water 水流
the flow of funds 资金流
stop the flow of blood from the wound 止住伤口流血
(2)flow eastward into ocean 向东流入海洋
flow through the village 流经村庄
教师提示：③小题
现在分词短语flowing through...作后置定语，修饰a small river
即学即练 单句语法填空
①He struggled to swim ________ the flow ________ water.
②Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow ________ the text.
③There is a small river flowing ________ the farm.
完成句子
④Man struggles ________ (高处), water flows ________ (低处).
against
of
of
through
upwards
downwards
8.take up a position 担任;任职
【归纳】
take up接受;开始从事;继续;占据(时间或空间)
take off脱掉;起飞;成名;开始成功
take in接受;收留;理解;明白;欺骗;吸入
take on雇用;呈现(新面貌等);承担
take over接管;接收;安排;摆放;陈列
短语填空
①Smartphones not only our valuable time,but also do great harm to our health.
②The more fat you before bedtime,the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
③With the development of science and technology,our country has
a new look.
take up
take in
taken on
9.remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的
【归纳】
(1)be remarkable for因……引人注目
(2)remark on/upon ...谈论/评论……
remark that ...谈到/说起……
(3)make a remark/remarks on/upon ...对……发表评论/看法
单句填空
①He left the table, (remark) that he had some work to do.
②The musician plays the piano well.She has made
achievements.(remark)
③The place you referred to just now is remarkable its amazing scenery.
remarking
remarkably
remarkable
for
2.stand up to 经得住(考验等)；经得起(磨损等)
(教材P4)Scientists need to evaluate how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is.科学家们需要评估这种新材料如何经得起磨损来证明它的价值。
stand up to close examination 经得起仔细检查
stand up to a serious test 经得住严峻的考验
stand up to sb. 对抗某人
归纳拓展：
stand up for 支持，维护；为某人/物说话
stand for 代表，象征
stand against反对；靠……站着
stand aside 站在一边；不参与
stand by袖手旁观；支持(某人)；信守，遵守(诺言、协定)
stand out突出，显眼，脱颖而出
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Faced with the failure, some can stand up ________ it, draw useful lessons ________ it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do.
②I think the people in this country will stand up ________ what is right.
③There is no doubt that “gym” stands ________ “gymnasium.”
④Don't lose heart; all your friends will stand ________ you.
⑤It was brave ________ her to stand up ________ those bullies.
to
from
for
for
by
of
to
3．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
(教材P4)Scientists need to evaluate how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is.科学家们需要评估这种新材料如何经得起磨损来证明它的价值。
an effective way to prevent wear and tear 有效防止磨损的方法
show no sign of wear and tear 没有磨损的迹象
词语拓展：
wear out 用坏，穿破；使筋疲力尽→worn out 筋疲力尽的
wear well 耐用，耐穿，耐磨
即学即练 完成句子
①This cloth is designed to stand up to a lot of ____________ (磨损).
单句语法填空
②He travels so much that he has ________ (wear) out several suitcases.
③The trousers wear ________ (good) and keep ________ (it) shape.
wear and tear
worn
well
its
The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
中华人民共和国成立于1949年。
With the permission of the national policy, many financial organizations have been founded all over the country.在国家政策的允许下，全国各地很多金融组织建立起来了。
Their marriage was founded on love and respect.
他们的婚姻建立在爱和尊重的基础上。
误区警示：
find (发现)—found—found→不规则动词
found (建立)—founded—founded→规则动词
拓展比较：
表示“建立”的词汇：establish, build, set up。
(1)build指一般“修建”“建立”，可与house, road, bridge, socialism, hope等词连用。
(2)establish建立，树立。兼指具体和抽象事物，有“稳固建成”之含义。可与school, reputation, government等连用，(建立学校/名声/政府……)
(3)set up建立，设立。着重“开始”之含义。可用于具体事物，如school, flag-staff, monument (建立学校、树立旗杆/纪念碑)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①As is reported, it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University __________ (found).
②The teacher founded his system of language teaching ________ the belief that speaking should come before reading.
③Tsinghua University, ________ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
④The builders are now beginning to lay the ________ (found) for the new school.
完成句子
⑤________________________ (建于20世纪早期), the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
was founded
on
founded
foundation
Founded in the early 20th century
2.passion n．酷爱；激情；盛怒
(教材P8)While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他仍继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
develop a passion for... 对……产生爱好，培养对……的热情
have a passion for 酷爱……
get into a passion 突然发怒
in a passion 发怒
He has a passion for music.他酷爱音乐。
The singer could not control his passion.那位歌手无法控制自己的激情。
His father got into a passion because the boy smashed up one of his collections.
因为那个男孩打碎了他的一个收藏品，父亲勃然大怒。
归纳拓展：
with passion充满激情地
be filled with passion充满激情
arouse one's passion唤起某人的激情
tremble with passion因生气而颤抖
即学即练 单句语法填空
①He has a passion ________ Chinese literature, which dates back to his youth.
②________ a passion he deleted all the useful data in the computer.
完成句子
③She often takes her son to the gallery, trying to help him __________________ (培养对……的热情) art.
④Hearing the words, he _________________ (气得发抖).
for
In
develop a passion for
trembled with passion
1．(P2)In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
【翻译】1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Roger took painting ________ for a while, but soon lost interest.
②He is always ready to take ________ heavy responsibilities.
③She took ________ his work after his departure.
④If you trust him, you will certainly be taken ________．
⑤I can't take my boots ________； they're so tight!
⑥They are taking ________ the old gallery.
完成句子
⑦Bill ________________________(开始从事警察工作) after quitting his previous job.
⑧The book _____________ (使他回忆起) to the days when he had been in the countryside.
⑨Please ________________ (带孩子们出去). Their noise is making my head ache.
up
on
over
in
off
down
took up a position as a policeman
took him back
take the children out
【句式剖析】
句中过去分词“chosen”作名词“researchers”的后置定语，相当于定语从句“that were chosen”的省略。
(1)过去分词作定语时通常与所修饰的名词构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。
(2)过去分词还可以在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。此时过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。
【归纳拓展】
Given a lot of money, he lived a better life.
给他许多钱后，他的日子过得好多了。
The experience gained will give you more confidence to help your customers.
获得的经验会给你更多的信心去帮助你的客户。
When crossing the river, the Red Army soldiers took care not to touch the trees newly planted by the river.
渡河的时候，红军战士小心翼翼，以防碰到了河边新种的树木。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The teacher came in, ________________(follow)by a group of students.
(2)___________(use)with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
(3)There are many beautifully ___________(decorate)houses in this rich area.
【答案】(1)followed (2)Used (3)decorated
完成句子
(4)________________ will be fully supplied.
所需的所有工具将全部供应。
(5)With great care, the 7-year-old boy put away the books ________________.
这个七岁大的男孩小心翼翼地把昨天在学校新发的书收起来。
【答案】(4)All the tools needed
(5)newly distributed at school yesterday
2．(P3)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine…”
【翻译】当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说，“荣誉不只是属于我自己的……”
【句式剖析】
在本句中，“介词upon＋v.-ing形式”构成介词短语，用作时间状语。upon还可转换为介词on, 表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体，依据语境，可译作“在……的时候； 当……时； 一……就……”。
(1)一些表示短暂性动作的动词，如：arrive, return, reach, hear, see, receive, enter, step, get, recognize, leave等，它们相应的名词形式或动名词形式用在upon或on之后可表达“一……就……”。
【归纳拓展】
(2)某些at开头的介词短语可用来表达“一……就……”，如：at the sight of(一看到)；at the
thought of(一想到)；at the sound of(一听到)；at the first opportunity/chance(一有机会)等。
(3)在名词minute, moment和instant前加上定冠词the可以引导时间状语从句来表达“一……就……”。它们后面可以加that，含义不变。
(4)可用副词immediately, instantly和directly可表达“一……就……”。这时，这几个词所起的作用相当于连词，引导时间状语从句。这种用法主要用在英国英语及口语中。