2024届高三英语语法复习定语从句课件(共40张PPT)

(共40张PPT)
定语从句
What is the attribute (什么是定语）
a red apple a beautiful girl 形容词作定语
my friend his pen 代词作定语
a girl in red a man with glasses 介词短语作定语
apple tree shoe shop 名词作定语
什么是定语？
定语就是用来修饰名词或者代词的成分
What is the attributive clause (什么是定语从句）
the handsome
修饰成分
the naughty
boy
The boy is Tom.（ 主句）
The boy who is handsome is Tom.
The boy who is naughty is Tom.
修饰一个名词或代词的单词或短语叫定语，如为一个句子则称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词
定语从句的一般结构是：
主句+先行词+关系词+从句
定语从句的一般结构是：
I know the boy who is sitting on the desk.
主句
定语从句
先行词
引导词
引导词有关系代词：who whom whose that which
关系副词：when where why
先行词：被修饰的成分,即名词或代词。
关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：
1. 引导一个定语从句；
2.在从句中代替先行词；
3.在从句中担任某一句子成份。
1. The boy who is smiling is Tom.
2.The boy who has a round face is Tom.
3.The man who sits in front of me is Tom.
4.The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.
5.The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job.
6.The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.
8.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.
9. This is the boy (whom) I sit behind.
10. This is the boy behind whom I sit.
11.She is the girl whose English is the best in our class.
12.A plane is a machine that can fly .
13.Here is the boy that damaged the vase .
7.The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab.
注意：
1 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要充当句子成分。
2 当关系代词充当动词和介词的宾语时可省略，但如果介词提前的话，不可以用that,而且不可以省略。
3 定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致
注意：one of +名词的复数
the only/the just/the very+one of+名词复数。
关系代词的功能：
who 指人做主语
whom 指人作宾语
that 指人也指物，做主语也做宾语
which 指物，做主语也做宾语
whose 指人也指物，做定语，强调所属关系
when 指时间，做时间状语
where 指地点，做地点状语
why 指原因，做原因状语
例 1. The man __________ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.
that/who
指人: that/who (主语)
那个站在树底下的女生是我同桌。
The girl who/that is standing under the tree is my deskmate.
那个曾经伤了我的自尊的男生在那边。
The boy who/that hurt my pride once is over there.
例2: The boy____________ the nurse is looking after is my friend.
(whom/that)
指人: whom/that(宾语,可省略)
你所提到的那个老师已经退休。
The teacher (that/whom) you referred to has retired.
你所关心的那个男生犟得像头驴。
The boy (that/whom)you cared about is as stubborn as a donkey.
例3: The car__________ is red was damaged yesterday.
that/which
指物: that/which (主语)
属于我的那本书很贵重。
The book which/that belongs to me is valuable.
正在被建造的的学校是我们的新学校。
The school which /that is being repaired is our new school.
例4: The question___________ I don’t understand is about grammar.
(that/which)
指物: that/which (宾语,可省略)
我所喜欢的科目是地理。
The subject (that/which)I am fond of is geography.
我不擅长的语法是定语从句。
The grammar(that/which)I am not good at is the attributive clause.
that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man (that) I told you about.
★★★关系代词that和which的用法区别
which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省）
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library from which you borrow books
Do you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now
Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
(5) 先行词是who或which时，关系代词用that.
Who is the girl that drove the car
Who that broke the window will be punished.
Which is the book that you bought last week
(6) 主句以There be 引导时
There are 200 people that didn’t know the thing.
(7) 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语时，关系代词用that.
She isn’t the girl that she was 10 years ago.
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用which而不用that。
(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）
Those are many trees under which they can have a rest.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中
Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
(3)先行词本身是that，或句子中已经有了that
What I want to do is that which will help us all.
(1) The scientist is very famous in the world.
We met her yesterday.
The scientist we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
whom
that
(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which

用定语从句改写下列句子
(3) He is the kind person.
I have ever worked with him.
(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
whom

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

whose在引导定语从句时，用作定语。
指人时：whose + 名词 =the +名词+of whom
=of whom +the+名词
指物时：whose + 名词 =the+名词+of which
=of which+the+名词
Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu
→ Do you know the man the name of whom is Wang Yu
Mary lives in the house whose roof is red.
→ Mary lives in the house the roof ofwhich is red.
=of whom the name
=of which the roof
定语从句中的关系副词：
when, where, why
　①在口语和非正式场合, when, where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词＋which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。
Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink
你知道在哪儿我能喝杯酒吗？
②why或that引导的定语从句, 先行词是reason, 且reason又作主句主语时, 表语从句不能用because引导, 而要用that引导。其句型为：The reason why...is that...或The reason that...is that...。
The reason why he was late for school was that he was injured in the traffic accident on his way to school.
他上学迟到的原因是他在上学路上的交通事故中受伤了。
The reason that he explained at the meeting was that he had to look after his mother in hospital.
他在会上解释的原因是他不得不去照顾他住院的母亲。
③“地点模糊”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从句。当先行词为point, situation, conditions, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的阶段或表达某事的某个方面时, 用where引导定语从句, where相当于from which, under which等, 表示“在这种情况下”, “从……中”等。
We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.
我们只是尽力想能达到双方共同坐下来商谈的地步。
关系代词与关系副词的选择依据
1. 考虑代替先行词的关系词在从句中充当的语法成分, 如果关系词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语, 就用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语, 就用关系副词。
The house
needs repairing.
他住的房子需要修理。
where he lives
which/that he lives in
2. 辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。
I don’t like the man who always speaks ill of others.
我不喜欢总是说他人坏话的人。
I will never forget the days when we worked together.
我永远也忘不了我们在一起工作的日子。
3. 判断从句是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。
A dictionary is a book that gives the meanings of words.
词典是解释词语意思的书。
A dictionary is a book, which gives the meanings of words.
词典是一本书, 它给出词语的意思。
4. 判断关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语, 取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。
This is the point where I disagree.
这就是我不同意的地方。(disagree为不及物动词, 故关系词用where。)
This is the point (which/that) I disagree with.
这就是我不同意的地方。(从句缺少介词with的宾语, 用that/which引导, 也可以省略)
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：
My sister, who is twenty, works in a bank.
The man who came here yesterday has come again.
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。
1.which引导的非限制性定语从句：
此时无论它在从句中充当什么成分它都不能省约，也不能换为that
1)和主句之间的关系不密切，只起附加说明作用：
We all like the book,which was written by LuXun.
2)用来代替整个先行分句的内容。这时它所引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后：
Bush was elected president again,which made Jim very sad.
一.引导非限制性定语从句的连接词who/whom/ whose/ which/where/when /why/as 来引导,不能用that
二.as 引导的非限制性定语从句
1.as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词是固定的,如：
as you know/ see/planned/
as we expected/understand/think/ believe
也可以将它们用于被动结构中:
as is known/seen/planned/expected
The earth is round._____ is known to all.
The earth is round,_________ is known to all.
_____ is known to all, the earth is round.
______ is known to all _________the earth is round.
______ is known to all is _________the earth is round.
It
which/ as
As
It
定语从句在句首时只能用as,
it为形式主语,that引导主语从句
that
What
that
what引导主语从句, that引导表语从句
2.as 引导的非限制性定语从句,用于下列固定句型中
1).This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.
2).This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.
This is such an interesting book ____we all like it.
This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.
as
that
as
that
这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)
这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢它。(结果状语从句)
as
3)This is the same bag _____ I lost yesterday.
4)This is the same bag _____ I lost yesterday.
同类异物
that
这就是家我丢的那个包包。
同物
这个包包和我丢的那个一样。
He is the man__ house the pictures are taken.
A. whose B.which C.from whose D.that
2.He lives in the flat,__he can see__ is happening in the street.
A.there/what B.where/something C.from whose window/all that
3.That was the most interesting film__I have seen.
A. whose B.that C. which D.what
4.Ahead of me I saw a woman__I thought was my aunt.
A. who B. whom C. from whom D. of whom
5.Watch the girl and her dog__are crossing the street.
A. who B. which C. that D. they
* As 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。
Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“and this” or “ and that”. 译为“这一点”。而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如…..那样”，且已形成固定结构。　如：as is known, as is said, as is reported, as is often the case, as is expected. Etc.
eg. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.
As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.
He didn’t come to attend the meeting, as is expected.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
My son now goes to the school, which I used go to when I was a child.
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