(共45张PPT)
Unit 8 知识点复习
译林版八年级下册
1.plant trees
2.be good for...
3.reduce air pollution
4.save water
5.take shorter showers
6.turn off the lights
7.protect the environment by recycling waste
8.live a green life
9.used to
10.drive me to school
【重点词组】
种树
对……有好处
减少空气污染
节约用水
缩短洗澡时间
关灯
通过回收利用废品来保护环境
过着环保的生活
曾经
开车送我去上学
11.take the underground
12.cause serious air pollution
13.choose public transport
14.a country with high mountains and
clean blue lakes
15.keep it that way
16.be separated into different groups
17.learn about an organization for recycling clothes
18.collect old clothes from all over the country
19.be sold in charity shops
20.be given to the poor
乘地铁
引起严重的空气污染
选择公共交通
一个有着青山和干净蓝色湖泊的国家
保持原样
被分为不同的族群
了解一个回收服装的组织
从全国各地收集旧衣服
放在慈善店出售
被送给穷人
21.be sent to factories for recycling
22.have many laws to do
23.for example
24.be not allowed to cut down trees
25.drop litter in a public place
26.be fined by the police
27.limit air and water pollution
28.our greatest treasure
29.depend on
30.rich resources
被送到工厂回收利用
有许多法律来做某事
例如
不被允许砍伐树木
在公共场合丢垃圾
被警察罚款
限制空气和水污染
我们最大的财富
依靠
丰富的资源
31.use energy from the sun, wind and water
32.these new types of energy
33.cost very little
34.run out
35.produce little pollution
36.World Environment Day
37.do ... for the environment
38.do something to make a difference
39.cause a result
40.be used up
使用来自太阳、风和水的能源
这些新型能源
花费很少
用完
几乎不产生污染
世界环境日
为环境做某事
做点事情以起到作用
导致一个结果
被用完
41.do something wrong 42.something used
43.so that
44.set up
45.protect nature
46.my online friend
47.keep their country clean
48.do with
49.sound like a good idea
50.in the town square
做错事
用过的东西
为了
成立
保护自然
我的网友
保持他们的国家干净
处理
听起来像是一个好主意
在小镇广场
51.at the town hall
52.be invited to the show
53.at the show
54.videos about the past and present
of Sunshine town
55.one of the biggest problems
56.be thrown into lakes and rivers
57.be filled with
58.in the future
59.clean up
60.as well as
在小镇礼堂
被邀请到这个展览
在演出中
有关阳光镇现在和过去的视频
最大的问题之一
被扔到河里和湖里
被填满
在将来
清理干净
也；和……一样
61.act to improve the environment
62.living things
63.some good news
64.have a chance to do
65.on that day
66.work together
67.make the world a better place
68.turn off the tap
69.brush teeth
70.take showers for less than 10 minutes
采取行动改善环境
有生命的东西
好消息
有机会做某事
在那天
一起工作
使这个世界更好
关水龙头
刷牙
洗澡不超过10 分钟
71.use both sides of the paper
72.recycle empty bottles
73.take their own bags to the supermarket
74.do a survey
75.be asked about their daily habits
76.the results of
77.look nicer with more trees around
78.reduce dust
79.be harmful to our health
80.keep soil in place
用纸的两面
回收空瓶子
自己带袋子去超市
调查
被问及他们的日常习惯
……的结果有更多的树看起来更好
减少灰尘
对健康有害
保护土壤不流失
81.not only... but (also)...
82.be dug up from the ground
83.as a result
84.if possible
85.some simple steps to take
86.in use
87.change for the worse
88.in order to save power
89.a good way to do...
90.develop a green lifestyle
不但……而且……
被从地里挖出
结果
如果可能
一些简单的措施可以采取
使用
变得越来越糟
为了节省能源
……的好办法
形成环保的生活方式
1. Are you serious
serious形容词，意为“认真的，严肃的”。在句中作定语或表语。
I want to have a serious talk with you.
The old man looks very serious.
【重点句子理解】
【拓展】
①be serious about sb. / sth. 对某人/某事是认真的
You should be serious about your work.
②be serious about doing sth.对做某事当真
Is he serious about wanting to be a doctor
③seriously副词，意为“认真地，严肃地，严重地”。
那个女孩病情严重。我们必须马上送她去医院。
The girl is seriously ill. We must send her to hospital at once.
2. We can save energy by turning off the lights when we leave a room.
（1）句中的save用作及物动词，意为“节约”。
Please save water every day.
【拓展】save其他含义：
①save用作及物动词，还可意为“储蓄，储存”。
杰克为了买电脑存了很多钱。
Jack saves a lot of money to buy a computer.
②save用作及物动词，还可意为“救，救助”，save one’s life意为“挽救某人的生命”。
那位著名的医生救了那个男孩的命。
The famous doctor saved the boy’s life.
（2）turn off意为“关上（电器等）”。反义短语为turn on“打开（电器等）”。
Please turn off/on the radio.
【拓展】
①turn off与turn on都是“动词 + 副词”结构的短语，当此类短语动词接名词作宾语时，名词置于短语动词后面或动词与副词之间都可以；若接代词作宾语时，代词必须置于动词与副词之间且要用宾格形式。
如：Turn on the computer. = Turn the computer on.
Turn them off, please.
② turn up（把音量）调大，调高；turn down （把音量）调小，调低；
take turns 轮流； turn into 变成，使变成；turn around 转过身。
【辨析】turn off与close
turn off 关上（电灯、自来水、煤气、无线电等） 反义短语为turn on
close （把门、窗、箱子、盒子等）关上 反义词为open
3. What should we do to live a green life, class
短语：live a …life意为“过着……（样）的生活”。
My grandparents lived a poor life in the past.
The children are now living a comfortable life.
4. …this causes serious air pollution.
句子中的cause用作及物动词，意为“导致；造成”，其后可直接用造成的结果或发生的事情作宾语，也可接双宾语。
Does smoking cause cancer
他给父母惹了很多麻烦。
He caused his parents a lot of trouble. = He caused a lot of trouble for his parents.
【拓展】
①cause用作及物动词，还可意为“使，迫使”，其后通常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
Who caused her to cry
The good news caused her to be happy.
②cause用作可数名词，意为“原因；起因”。
酒后驾车是交通事故最常见的起因之一。
Driving after drinking is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents.
③cause用作不可数名词，意为“理由；缘故”。
饭菜好极了，我没有理由抱怨。
The food was excellent—I had no cause for complaint.
5. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.
（1）句中的separate用作及物动词，意为“分开，隔开”；separate…into意为“把……分成”，其被动形式为be separated into，意为“被分成”。
Let’s separate them into six groups.
【拓展】separate…from…意为“把……和……分开；把……与……分离”。
Please separate the white shirts from the black ones.
（2）recycle及物动词，意为“回收利用，循环利用”。
我们应该尽力把所有废纸回收再利用。
We should try to recycle all our waste paper.
注意：recycle的名词形式是recycling，意为“回收利用，循环利用”。
如：我们将所有的塑料回收利用。We take all our plastic for recycling.
6. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling.
some…, some…, and others…意为“一些……，一些……，还有一些……”。
公园里有很多人，一些人在散步，一些人在谈话，还有一些人在阅读。
There are many people in the park. Some are walking, some are talking, and others are reading.
7. For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. Otherwise, we will be punished.
（1）allow及物动词，意为“允许，准许”，常用于下列结构中：
①allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；allow sb. not to do sth. 允许某人不做某事
The teacher allowed him to go into the classroom.
②allow doing sth. 允许做某事
We don’t allow smoking in public.
③be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
You’re not allowed to eat anything in the library.
（2）cut down意为“砍倒（树木）”。
去年路边的许多大树被砍倒了。
Many big trees along the road were cut down last year.
【拓展】cut down还可意为“缩减，减少”。
你必须把文章缩减到200词左右。
You have to cut down your article to about 200 words.
（3）otherwise副词，意为“否则；不然”，相当于or（否则）或if not.
We’ll go earlier. Otherwise, we may not catch the early bus.
8. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.
（1）depend on意为“依靠；取决于；视……而定”，其后跟名词、代词或从句。
万物生长靠太阳。
All living things depend on the sun for their growth.
你的将来取决于你现在的行动。
Your future will depend on your current action.
（2）wisely副词，意为“明智地，充满智慧地”。其形容词形式为wise，意为“明智的，充满智慧的”。
You should spend your free time wisely.
She made a wise decision at last.
9. These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out.
短语：run out意为“用完；耗尽”。
Our food ran out soon.
【辨析】run out与run out of
这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。
run out其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词，后面不能跟宾语。
Water will run out some day if we don’t save it.
run out of 表示主动含义，主语一般为人，后面必须跟宾语，意为“把……用完” Peter ran out of his money yesterday.
10. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference!
（1）difference可数名词，意为“差别，差异”，其形容词形式为different，意为“不同的；有差异的”。短语：be different from意为“与……不同”，其副词形式为differently.
My pen is different from yours.
（2）make a difference (to sb. / sth.) 意为“（对某人/某事）有影响，起作用”。
Does the bad news make a difference to your work
11. treat something used so that it can be used again
（1）used此处为形容词，意为“用过的；二手的”。
I want to buy a used car at a cheap price.
（2）so that意为“以便，为了”，常引导目的状语从句，该从句的谓语动词常和can, may, should等情态动词连用。
我父亲想给我买一辆自行车以便我能够很快到达学校。
My father wants to buy me a bicycle so that I can get to school quickly.
【拓展】so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
I am so tired that I can’t walk any further.
12. What do they do to keep their country clean
“keep + sth. / sb. + 形容词”意为“使某物/某人处于某种状态”，形容词作宾语补足语。
Coats can keep you warm.
【拓展】①keep用作连系动词，意为“保持”，后接形容词作表语。
We must keep healthy.
②keep作实意动词时，意为“保持，继续”。
She kept talking for two hours.
13. That sounds like a good idea.
sound like意为“听起来像”，后可接名词、代词或从句作宾语。
阳光公园听起来像个不错的地方。
Sunshine Park sounds like a great place.
听起来好像你正玩得高兴.
You sound like you are having a good time.
【拓展】在英语中，类似sound这样的感官动词，如look, feel, smell, taste等词后均可接介词like，然后再接宾语。
The boy looks like a student.
14. As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution.
短语：as well as意为“也，还有，而且”。
He has got a car as well as a motorbike.
【拓展】as well as用来表示同级比较，意为“和……一样好”。
Tom plays the piano as well as you.
注意：as well as连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词采用就远原则。
The teacher, as well as the students, has a good time at the party.
15. All of us will have a chance to think about the world around us.
（1）have a chance to do sth.
= have a chance of doing sth.意为“有机会做某事”。
I had a chance to Beijing last year.
（2）think about意为“考虑；思考”，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
I will think about it.
17. Recycle empty bottles
句中的empty用作形容词，意为“空的”，其反义词为full，用作及物动词时意为“把……倒空”。
The buses are almost empty.
18. Here are the results of the survey.
Here are…表示“这儿有……；这儿是……”；此句是一个倒装句，here在此作表语。其中here后的be动词的单复数形式要根据be后名词的单复数确定；若是可数名词单数或不可数名词，be动词用is；若是可数名词复数，be动词用are.此用法类似于there be句型。
Here is a letter for you.
【拓展】
①如果主语是代词，句子不用倒装语序。
Here he comes.
②如果主语是名词，则句子要用完全倒装语序。
Here comes the bus.
19. …but few students take their own bags to the supermarket.
few在此为形容词，意为“很少的；几乎没有的”，常修饰可数名词复数。
I’m new in the city, so I have few friends here.
【辨析】few, a few, little与a little
意义/功能 修饰可数名词复数 修饰不可数名词
表示否定（几乎没有） few little
表示肯定（有些，有几个） a few a little
There are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.
There are a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn’t buy any.
There’s little rice in the bowl.
I can only speak a little French.
20. Air pollution is harmful to our health.
（1）harmful形容词，意为“有害的”，它的反义词是harmless，意为“无害的”。
I think this kind of plastic is harmful.
（2）be harmful to意为“对……有害”，相当于do harm to.
Smoking is harmful to your health. = Smoking does harm to your health.
21. Trees also help keep soil in place during storms.
短语：in place此处意为“在正确位置”。
She is used to putting everything in place.
【拓展】①in the place在那个地方
我回来的时候，他还站在那个地方。
When I came back, he was still standing in the place.
②in one’s place = in place of代替
杰克生病了，所以我代替他去开会。
Jack was ill, so I went to have the meeting in his place/in place of him.
③take the place of 代替
He used the fork to take the place of chopsticks.
22. Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories.
not only…but (also)…意为“不但……而且……”，其中also可省略，可连接句子的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等成分，它连接主语时，谓语动词的数要与邻近的主语保持一致。
He can play not only the piano but also the violin.
Not only I but also Tom enjoys watching TV.
She was not only a writer but also an actress.
【拓展】
not only后接句子放在句首表示强调时，not only所在的句子要用倒装语序。
太阳不仅给我们光，还给我们热。
Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
23. They will be formed over thousands or even millions of years.
当hundred, thousand或million前面与具体的数字连用表示确切的数量时，要用单数形式；但当它们的复数形式与of连用时，意为“数以百/千/百万计的”，表示概数。
There are about two million people in the city.
24. If they are used and thrown away carelessly, finally some of them will run out.
carelessly副词，意为“满不在乎地；粗心地”，其形容词为careless，其反义词为carefully.
He always does his homework so carelessly.
25. …so it is time for us to go green!
It is time for sb. to do sth.意为“到某人做某事的时候了”。
It is time for me to do homework.
【拓展】①It is time to do sth.到了做某事的时候了。
②It is time for…到了……的时间了。
It’s time for dinner. = It’s time to have dinner.
26. In order to save power, we should turn off the lights when we leave a room.
短语：in order to意为“为了；以便”，引导目的状语，可以置于句首或句末，后面接动词原形。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
【拓展】in order not to do sth.意为“为了不做某事”，这里的not to do sth.是动词不定式的否定形式。
In order not to be late for school, he gets up very early.
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Unit 8 知识点复习
【重点词组】
1.plant trees 种树
2.be good for... 对……有好处
3.reduce air pollution 减少空气污染
4.save water 节约用水
5.take shorter showers 缩短洗澡时间
6.turn off the lights 关灯
7.protect the environment by recycling waste
通过回收利用废品来保护环境
8.live a green life 过着环保的生活
9.used to 曾经
10.drive me to school 开车送我去上学
11.take the underground 乘地铁
12.cause serious air pollution
引起严重的空气污染
13.choose public transport
选择公共交通
14.a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes
一个有着青山和干净蓝色湖泊的国家
15.keep it that way 保持原样
16.be separated into different groups
被分为不同的族群
17.learn about an organization for recycling clothes
了解一个回收服装的组织
18.collect old clothes from all over the country
从全国各地收集旧衣服
19.be sold in charity shops
放在慈善店出售
20.be given to the poor 被送给穷人
21.be sent to factories for recycling
被送到工厂回收利用
22.have many laws to do
有许多法律来做某事
23.for example 例如
24.be not allowed to cut down trees
不被允许砍伐树木
25.drop litter in a public place
在公共场合丢垃圾
26.be fined by the police
被警察罚款
27.limit air and water pollution
限制空气和水污染
28.our greatest treasure
我们最大的财富
29.depend on 依靠
30.rich resources 丰富的资源
31.use energy from the sun, wind and water
使用来自太阳、风和水的能源
32.these new types of energy
这些新型能源
33.cost very little 花费很少
34.run out 用完
35.produce little pollution
几乎不产生污染
36.World Environment Day
世界环境日
37.do ... for the environment
为环境做某事
38.do something to make a difference
做点事情以起到作用
39.cause a result
导致一个结果
40.be used up 被用完
41.do something wrong 做错事
42.something used 用过的东西
43.so that 为了
44.set up 成立
45.protect nature 保护自然
46.my online friend 我的网友
47.keep their country clean
保持他们的国家干净
48.do with 处理
49.sound like a good idea
听起来像是一个好主意
50.in the town square
在小镇广场
51.at the town hall
在小镇礼堂
52.be invited to the show
被邀请到这个展览
53.at the show 在演出中
54.videos about the past and present of Sunshine town
有关阳光镇现在和过去的视频
55.one of the biggest problems
最大的问题之一
56.be thrown into lakes and rivers
被扔到河里和湖里
57.be filled with 被填满
58.in the future 在将来
59.clean up 清理干净
60.as well as 也；和……一样
61.act to improve the environment
采取行动改善环境
62.living things 有生命的东西
63.some good news 好消息
64.have a chance to do 有机会做某事
65.on that day 在那天
66.work together 一起工作
67.make the world a better place
使这个世界更好
68.turn off the tap 关水龙头
69.brush teeth 刷牙
70.take showers for less than 10 minutes
洗澡不超过10 分钟
71.use both sides of the paper 用纸的两面
72.recycle empty bottles 回收空瓶子
73.take their own bags to the supermarket
自己带袋子去超市
74.do a survey 调查
75.be asked about their daily habits
被问及他们的日常习惯
76.the results of ……的结果
77.look nicer with more trees around
有更多的树看起来更好
78.reduce dust 减少灰尘
79.be harmful to our health
对健康有害
80.keep soil in place
保护土壤不流失
81.not only... but (also)...
不但……而且……
82.be dug up from the ground
被从地里挖出
83.as a result 结果
84.if possible 如果可能
85.some simple steps to take
一些简单的措施可以采取
86.in use 使用
87.change for the worse
变得越来越糟
88.in order to save power
为了节省能源
89.a good way to do...
……的好办法
90.develop a green lifestyle
形成环保的生活方式
91.do more exercise 做更多的运动
92.watch less TV 少看电视
【重点句型】
1.Treat something used so that it can be used again.
处理用过的东西以便它能够被再次利用。
2. Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today.
污染是当今世界上最大的问题之一。
3. Here are the results of the survey.
这儿是调查结果。
4. Coal, oil and natural gas is not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories.
煤炭、石油和天然气不仅仅对我们家庭有用，而且还在工厂中有着更广泛的用途。
5. In order to save power, we should turn off the lights when we leave a room.
为了节约能源，我们离开房间时应关掉电灯。
【重点句子理解】
1. Are you serious
serious形容词，意为“认真的，严肃的”。在句中作定语或表语。
I want to have a serious talk with you.
The old man looks very serious.
【拓展】
①be serious about sb. / sth. 对某人/某事是认真的
You should be serious about your work.
②be serious about doing sth.对做某事当真
Is he serious about wanting to be a doctor
③seriously副词，意为“认真地，严肃地，严重地”。
那个女孩病情严重。我们必须马上送她去医院。
The girl is seriously ill. We must send her to hospital at once.
2. We can save energy by turning off the lights when we leave a room.
（1）句中的save用作及物动词，意为“节约”。
Please save water every day.
【拓展】save其他含义：
①save用作及物动词，还可意为“储蓄，储存”。
杰克为了买电脑存了很多钱。
Jack saves a lot of money to buy a computer.
②save用作及物动词，还可意为“救，救助”，save one’s life意为“挽救某人的生命”。
那位著名的医生救了那个男孩的命。
The famous doctor saved the boy’s life.
（2）turn off意为“关上（电器等）”。反义短语为turn on“打开（电器等）”。
Please turn off/on the radio.
【拓展】
①turn off与turn on都是“动词 + 副词”结构的短语，当此类短语动词接名词作宾语时，名词置于短语动词后面或动词与副词之间都可以；若接代词作宾语时，代词必须置于动词与副词之间且要用宾格形式。
如：Turn on the computer. = Turn the computer on.
Turn them off, please.
② turn up（把音量）调大，调高 turn down （把音量）调小，调低
take turns 轮流 turn into 变成；使变成
turn around 转过身
【辨析】turn off与close
turn off 关上（电灯、自来水、煤气、无线电等） 反义短语为turn on
close （把门、窗、箱子、盒子等）关上 反义词为open
3. What should we do to live a green life, class
短语：live a …life意为“过着……（样）的生活”。
My grandparents lived a poor life in the past.
The children are now living a comfortable life.
4. …this causes serious air pollution.
句子中的cause用作及物动词，意为“导致；造成”，其后可直接用造成的结果或发生的事情作宾语，也可接双宾语。
Does smoking cause cancer
他给父母惹了很多麻烦。
He caused his parents a lot of trouble. = He caused a lot of trouble for his parents.
【拓展】
①cause用作及物动词，还可意为“使，迫使”，其后通常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
Who caused her to cry
The good news caused her to be happy.
②cause用作可数名词，意为“原因；起因”。
酒后驾车是交通事故最常见的起因之一。
Driving after drinking is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents.
③cause用作不可数名词，意为“理由；缘故”。
饭菜好极了，我没有理由抱怨。
The food was excellent—I had no cause for complaint.
5. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.
（1）句中的separate用作及物动词，意为“分开，隔开”；separate…into意为“把……分成”，其被动形式为be separated into，意为“被分成”。
Let’s separate them into six groups.
【拓展】separate…from…意为“把……和……分开；把……与……分离”。
Please separate the white shirts from the black ones.
（2）recycle及物动词，意为“回收利用，循环利用”。
我们应该尽力把所有废纸回收再利用。
We should try to recycle all our waste paper.
注意：recycle的名词形式是recycling，意为“回收利用，循环利用”。
如：我们将所有的塑料回收利用。We take all our plastic for recycling.
6. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling.
some…, some…, and others…意为“一些……，一些……，还有一些……”。
公园里有很多人，一些人在散步，一些人在谈话，还有一些人在阅读。
There are many people in the park. Some are walking, some are talking, and others are reading.
7. For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. Otherwise, we will be punished.
（1）allow及物动词，意为“允许，准许”，常用于下列结构中：
①allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；allow sb. not to do sth. 允许某人不做某事
The teacher allowed him to go into the classroom.
②allow doing sth. 允许做某事
We don’t allow smoking in public.
③be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
You’re not allowed to eat anything in the library.
（2）cut down意为“砍倒（树木）”。
去年路边的许多大树被砍倒了。
Many big trees along the road were cut down last year.
【拓展】cut down还可意为“缩减，减少”。
你必须把文章缩减到200词左右。
You have to cut down your article to about 200 words.
（3）otherwise副词，意为“否则；不然”，相当于or（否则）或if not.
We’ll go earlier. Otherwise, we may not catch the early bus.
8. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.
（1）depend on意为“依靠；取决于；视……而定”，其后跟名词、代词或从句。
万物生长靠太阳。
All living things depend on the sun for their growth.
你的将来取决于你现在的行动。
Your future will depend on your current action.
（2）wisely副词，意为“明智地，充满智慧地”。其形容词形式为wise，意为“明智的，充满智慧的”。
You should spend your free time wisely.
She made a wise decision at last.
9. These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out.
短语：run out意为“用完；耗尽”。
Our food ran out soon.
【辨析】run out与run out of
这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。
run out 其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词，后面不能跟宾语 Water will run out some day if we don’t save it.
run out of 表示主动含义，主语一般为人，后面必须跟宾语，意为“把……用完” Peter ran out of his money yesterday.
10. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference!
（1）difference可数名词，意为“差别，差异”，其形容词形式为different，意为“不同的；有差异的”。短语：be different from意为“与……不同”，其副词形式为differently.
My pen is different from yours.
（2）make a difference (to sb. / sth.) 意为“（对某人/某事）有影响，起作用”。
Does the bad news make a difference to your work
11. treat something used so that it can be used again
（1）used此处为形容词，意为“用过的；二手的”。
I want to buy a used car at a cheap price.
（2）so that意为“以便，为了”，常引导目的状语从句，该从句的谓语动词常和can, may, should等情态动词连用。
我父亲想给我买一辆自行车以便我能够很快到达学校。
My father wants to buy me a bicycle so that I can get to school quickly.
【拓展】so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
I am so tired that I can’t walk any further.
12. What do they do to keep their country clean
“keep + sth. / sb. + 形容词”意为“使某物/某人处于某种状态”，形容词作宾语补足语。
Coats can keep you warm.
【拓展】①keep用作连系动词，意为“保持”，后接形容词作表语。
We must keep healthy.
②keep作实意动词时，意为“保持，继续”。
She kept talking for two hours.
13. That sounds like a good idea.
sound like意为“听起来像”，后可接名词、代词或从句作宾语。
阳光公园听起来像个不错的地方。
Sunshine Park sounds like a great place.
听起来好像你正玩得高兴.
You sound like you are having a good time.
【拓展】在英语中，类似sound这样的感官动词，如look, feel, smell, taste等词后均可接介词like，然后再接宾语。
The boy looks like a student.
14. As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution.
短语：as well as意为“也，还有，而且”。
He has got a car as well as a motorbike.
【拓展】as well as用来表示同级比较，意为“和……一样好”。
Tom plays the piano as well as you.
注意：as well as连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词采用就远原则。
The teacher, as well as the students, has a good time at the party.
15. All of us will have a chance to think about the world around us.
（1）have a chance to do sth. = have a chance of doing sth.意为“有机会做某事”。
I had a chance to Beijing last year.
（2）think about意为“考虑；思考”，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
I will think about it.
16. Use both sides of the paper
句中的both用作形容词，意为“两个都”，后可直接跟复数名词。
Both girls are from England.
17. Recycle empty bottles
句中的empty用作形容词，意为“空的”，其反义词为full，用作及物动词时意为“把……倒空”。
The buses are almost empty.
18. Here are the results of the survey.
Here are…表示“这儿有……；这儿是……”；此句是一个倒装句，here在此作表语。其中here后的be动词的单复数形式要根据be后名词的单复数确定；若是可数名词单数或不可数名词，be动词用is；若是可数名词复数，be动词用are.此用法类似于there be句型。
Here is a letter for you.
【拓展】①如果主语是代词，句子不用倒装语序。
Here he comes.
②如果主语是名词，则句子要用完全倒装语序。
Here comes the bus.
19. …but few students take their own bags to the supermarket.
few在此为形容词，意为“很少的；几乎没有的”，常修饰可数名词复数。
I’m new in the city, so I have few friends here.
【辨析】few, a few, little与a little
意义/功能 修饰可数名词复数 修饰不可数名词
表示否定（几乎没有） few little
表示肯定（有些，有几个） a few a little
There are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.
There are a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn’t buy any.
There’s little rice in the bowl.
I can only speak a little French.
20. Air pollution is harmful to our health.
（1）harmful形容词，意为“有害的”，它的反义词是harmless，意为“无害的”。
I think this kind of plastic is harmful.
（2）be harmful to意为“对……有害”，相当于do harm to.
Smoking is harmful to your health. = Smoking does harm to your health.
21. Trees also help keep soil in place during storms.
短语：in place此处意为“在正确位置”。
She is used to putting everything in place.
【拓展】①in the place在那个地方
我回来的时候，他还站在那个地方。
When I came back, he was still standing in the place.
②in one’s place = in place of代替
杰克生病了，所以我代替他去开会。
Jack was ill, so I went to have the meeting in his place/in place of him.
③take the place of 代替
He used the fork to take the place of chopsticks.
22. Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories.
not only…but (also)…意为“不但……而且……”，其中also可省略，可连接句子的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等成分，它连接主语时，谓语动词的数要与邻近的主语保持一致。
He can play not only the piano but also the violin.
Not only I but also Tom enjoys watching TV.
She was not only a writer but also an actress.
【拓展】not only后接句子放在句首表示强调时，not only所在的句子要用倒装语序。
太阳不仅给我们光，还给我们热。Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
23. They will be formed over thousands or even millions of years.
当hundred, thousand或million前面与具体的数字连用表示确切的数量时，要用单数形式；但当它们的复数形式与of连用时，意为“数以百/千/百万计的”，表示概数。
There are about two million people in the city.
24. If they are used and thrown away carelessly, finally some of them will run out.
carelessly副词，意为“满不在乎地；粗心地”，其形容词为careless，其反义词为carefully.
He always does his homework so carelessly.
25. …so it is time for us to go green!
It is time for sb. to do sth.意为“到某人做某事的时候了”。
It is time for me to do homework.
【拓展】①It is time to do sth.到了做某事的时候了。
②It is time for…到了……的时间了。
It’s time for dinner. = It’s time to have dinner.
26. In order to save power, we should turn off the lights when we leave a room.
短语：in order to意为“为了；以便”，引导目的状语，可以置于句首或句末，后面接动词原形。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
【拓展】in order not to do sth.意为“为了不做某事”，这里的not to do sth.是动词不定式的否定形式。
In order not to be late for school, he gets up very early.
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