2024届高考英语语法复习：主谓一致课件(共90张PPT)

(共90张PPT)
主谓一致
1.认识主谓一致
2.三类重要知识点
2.三原则
我是兔子。
你是兔子。
他是兔子。
我们是兔子。
I am a rabbit.
You are a rabbit.
He is a rabbit.
We are rabbit.
孤立语
词形几乎无变化；
动词不存在语法意义上的变位
屈折语
以词形变化表达语法意义；
如：谓语动词的变位
Tom _____（like）cats.
Tom and Lily _____（like）cats.
likes
like
主谓：_______________
主谓一致：______________________________
主语和谓语动词
主语和谓语动词在人称和数上必须一致
主谓一致
1.认识主谓一致
2.三类重要知识点
2.三原则
1.语法一致
主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式；
主语为复数形式时，谓语动词也使用复数形式。
Tom is a good student.
We are friends.
2.意义一致
谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的具体意义，而不取决于表面上的形式。
My family are having lunch now.
My family is large.
3.就近一致
主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与临近的名词或代词保持一致
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
1.认识主谓一致
2.三类重要知识点
2.三原则
三类重要知识点
谓语动词用单数的情况
谓语动词用复数的情况
其他情况
谓语动词用单数的情况
谓语动词用单数的情况
1.单数名词/代词、不可数名词作主语时
Some water is in the bottle.
A ball is on the floor.
2.“many a+单数名词”作主语，意为“许多”，
Many a student has been to Shanghai.
许多学生去过上海。
谓语动词用单数的情况
谓语动词用单数的情况
3.“more than one +单数名词”作主语，
意为“不止一个”
More than one student has ever been to Beijing.
不止一个学生去过北京。
“more+复数名词+than one”作主语时，谓语用复数形式
More answers than one are to your question.
你的问题大答案不止一个。
4.当表示“时间、价格、重量、数目、长度、数学运算”等复数名词，作一个整体概念
Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长假。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
对于一个男孩来说，三千美元是相当大的一笔钱。
谓语动词用单数的情况
谓语动词用单数的情况
5.主语是“each/every/no+单数名词+and (+each/every/no)+单数名词” 时
Each boy and each girl has got a seat.
每个男孩和女孩都有座位。
1.Every boy and every girl ____ present ____ the farewell party yesterday.
A.was; to B.was; at
C.were; at D.were; to
B
2.It is reported that more than one politician _____ in this scandal.
A.has involved
B.has been involved
C.have been involved
D.have involved
B
3.Many a student ____ a walk on campus after dinner. But many students ____ computer games in the dormitory.
A.takes; play
B.take; play
C.took; play
D.have taken; have played
A
4.One hundred and twenty kilometers per hour ____ usually the speed limit for cars on the freeway.
A.are B.is C.have D.had
B
6.“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时
One and a half hours is enough.
一个半小时足够。
谓语动词用单数的情况
谓语动词用单数的情况
7.单个to do、doing作主语时
Doing eye exercises is good for your eye.
做眼保健操对你的眼睛有益。
Reading novels and solving equations are different assignments.
读小说和解方程式是不同的作业。
8.“a/an+单数名词+or two”作主语
A student or two has failed the exam.
一两个学生考试不及格。
谓语动词用单数的情况
“one or two+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
One or two students were cleaning the windows yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午有一两个学生在擦窗户。
9.复合不定代词作主语时
Is everyone here today
今天大家到齐了吗？
Something is wrong with him.
他有点不对劲。
谓语动词用单数的情况
1.Attending concerts on the campus ____ part of the pleasure of college life.
A.are B.is C.it is D.being
B
2.Everybody in the office ____ how to operate the computer.
A.know
B.is know
C.were known
D.knows
D
10.each, either, neither, one, another, the other作主语或后面跟单数名词作主语时
Each of them has an English dictionary.
他们每人都有一本英语词典。
谓语动词用单数的情况
11.以-ics结尾的表示学科或疾病等的名词作主语时，如：politics，statistics，economics，physics等
Physics is one of my favorite subjects.
物理是我最喜欢的学科之一。
谓语动词用单数的情况
如果这些以-ics结尾的学科名词转义表示具体实践活动、性能、现象等时，则是复数名词，谓语动词要用复数形式。
His politics are very radical.
他的政治观点很激进。
1.Her politics ___ neither conservative nor radical.
A.are
B.has been
C.was
D.is
A
12.名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数；
主句为系表结构时，主句谓语由作表语的名词或代词决定
What the boy wants is a toy, and what his sister wants are some storybooks.
Whether the army or the navy does it, it should be done soon.
1.Whether I will go or stay ____ on the information about my mother’s health condition from the doctor.
A.depends
B.dependent
C.depend
D.dpending
A
2.After his speech, the audience _____ moved by his story and his words.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
D
audience
表示集体，谓语用单数；
强调成员，谓语用复数。
根据句意用一般过去式。
3.Three weeks ___ already enough for you to finish the work.
A.is B.are C.was D. were
A
4.Growing vegetables ___ constantly watering.
A.needed
B.are needed
C.were needed
D.needs
D
谓语动词用复数的情况
谓语动词用复数的情况
1.复数名词（代词）作主语
The students are playing football on the playground.
这些学生们正在操场上踢足球。
谓语动词用复数的情况
2.people, police, cattle，public，youth，class等集体名词作主语
Police were very shocked by the robbery.
警察对那起抢劫感到非常震惊。
谓语动词用复数的情况
3.“the+形容词或过去分词”作主语，表示一类人时
The sick here are well cared for.
这里的病人都被照顾得很好。
4.“the+姓氏的复数”表示“某某夫妇或一家人”，作主语时
The Greens are having lunch now.
格林一家现在正在吃饭。
谓语动词用复数的情况
5.“both...and...”连接并列主语时
Both New York and London have traffic problems.
纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
谓语动词用复数的情况
1.The rich ___ not always happy.
A.is B.has C.have D. are
D
2.The committee ____ among themselves for four hours.
A.has been arguing
B.has been argued
C.have been arguing
D.have been argued
C
其他情况
1.and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常用复数
English and Chinese are quite different languages.
英语和汉语是完全不同的语言。
The bread and the butter are on sale.
黄油和面包正在出售。
and连接的并列主语指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数
The teacher and video creator is a rabbit.
这位老师兼视频创作者是只兔子。
The teacher and the video creator are rabbits.
这位老师和这位视频制作者是兔子。
If law and order is not prserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.
如果法律和秩序得不到维护，公民及其财产就不会安全。
用and连接的词组表示一个概念：
law and order 法制 soap and water肥皂水
a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife刀叉
the needle and thread针线
trial and error反复尝试，不断摸索
horse and carriage马车
time and tide岁月
bread and butter奶油面包
the ebb and flow盛衰，潮涨潮落
1.A poet and artist _____ (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
2.Work and play _____(be) not equally rewarding.
3.Baseball and swimming ____(be) usually summer sports.
4.War abd peace ____(be) a constant theme in history.
is
are
are
is
由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no时，谓语动词用单数形式
Each book and (each) paper is found in its place.
每本书和每份报纸各居其位。
No teacher and (no) students was here.
没有一个学生和老师在这里。
2.主语带有together with, along with, such as, accompanied by, as well as, no less than, except, besides, with, combined with, in addition to, including, rather than, like等附加成分时，谓语的数不受附加成分的影响，仍然与主语保持一致。
Mike with his father has been to England.
迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
I as well as they am ready to help you.
不仅他们，我也愿意帮助你。
they与I并列主语，用主格，不用them
3.“a number of+可数名词复数”、“a variety of +可数名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数形式
A number of cars are parked in front of the building.
大楼前停放着多辆汽车。
the number of+可数名词复数 ......的数目
the variety of+可数名词复数 ......的种类
作主语时，谓语用单数形式
The number of the students is over eight hundred.
学生人数超过八百人。
A number of teachers are present today, and the number of them is 500.
今天有许多教师在场，人数为500人。
1.The singer and dancer ____ to make a speech this afternoon.
A.is B.are
C.is about D.are about
A
2.The feedback from the customers together with opinions of your manager ____ you what to purchase next.
A.tell B.tells C.have told D.told
B
3.The number of private colleges ____.
A.are increasing
B.have been increased
C.have increased
D.has increased
D
4.表示成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，
如：chopsticks, glasses, shoes, socks, stockings...
The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard.
剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。
若此类名词被“a kind of/a pair of"修饰，谓语动词的单复数与kind/pair的数保持一致
A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days.
近些天，眼镜的售价很高。
Two pairs of shoes are under the bed.
床底下有两双鞋。
Neither Jack nor I have seen this film.
杰克和我都没有看过这部电影。
Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.
要么你要么他去参加明天的会议。
5.当not only...but (also), ...not...but..., or, either...or.., neither...nor...等连接并列主语时，以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。
1.There ____ a bottle of wine and a half left at home.
A.is B.are C.have been D.has had
A
2.Neither Bill nor his parents ___ at home.
A.is B.are C.has D.was
B
3.The number of people invited ____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.
A.were; were
B.was; were
C.was; was
D.were; was
B
4.This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ____ comfortably.
A.is worn
B.wears
C.wearing
D.are worn
B
wear是感觉动词，意为“戴起来......”不用被动语态
6.neither of....和either of...构成的短语作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式，但在口语中也可以用复数
Neither of the cars was/were damaged.
两部车都没有受损。
7.一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。
a lot of, lots of, plenty of, heaps of, half of,
two-third of, eighty percent of, part of,
rest of, none of, most of, some of...
None of us have/has ever been abroad.
我们中没有人到过国外。
None of the money was paid to me.
一分钱都没有付给我。
There is plenty of water in the bucket.
桶里有许多水。
There are plenty of eggs in the box.
盒子里有许多鸡蛋。
8.集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表达的意思和数。
当表示整体时，谓语动词用单数；
当强调集体中的个体时，谓语动词用复数。
army, audience, band, government, group, flock, public, staff, team, troop, crowd, firm, family...
The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.
这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。
The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.
在这张相片里，这家人正在庆祝感思节。
1.Lots of advice ____ to them on how to fight against sandstorms.
A.has given B.are given
C.was given D.already gave
C
2.Nearly half of all exports from the European Union to China now ___ from Germany.
A.came
B.comes
C.come
D.is coming
C
3.Two thirds of the books ____ sold out but only 10 percent of the income ____ to me.
A.was; were
B.was; was
C.were; was
D.were; were
C
4.The public ____ the best judge because the public always ____ their thoughts correctly.
A.are; express
B.is; expresses
C.are; expresses
D.is; express
D
9.当“an amount of/a quantity of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
A large amount of money was spent on the project.
这项工程耗费了巨额资金。
A large quantity of desert covers the land.
大量的沙子覆盖了这块地。
“quantities of/amounts of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数
Small amounts of land were used for raising animals.
少量的地被用来饲养动物。
Large quantities of coal are needed in the factory every year.
这个工厂每年都需要大量的煤。
10.分数/百分数+of+名词，谓语动词与of后的名词保持一致
Eighty percent of the highway has been completed so far.
到目前为止80%的公路已经完工。
1.Ten percent of the workers in this city ____ now on strike.
A.is
B.are
C.is to be
D.are to be
B
2.As a result of the serious flood, ____ of the buildings in the area ____ repairing.
A.two-third; need
B.two-thirds; needs
C.two-thirds; need
D.second-three; need
C
11.在“one of+复数名词或代词+定语从句”结构中，从句谓语动词用复数形式；
当one之前有the only等词修饰时，从句谓语动词用单数形式
He is one of the students who have passed the examination.
He is the only one of the students who has passed the examination.
1.Jack is one of the foreign experts who ____ in China now.
A.works
B.is working
C.are working
D.has been working
C
2.Lily is the only one of the students who ____ to Shanghai.
A.have gone
B.have been
C.has been
D.had gone
C
12.all, most, half, enough, some, the rest, the remainder这些词也可以单独作主语，这时其主谓一致关系一般遵循意义一致原则；如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数形式；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数形式
Although his many examples were all right, the remainder were not exact.
尽管他列举的许多例子是可以的，但其余部分不确切。
1.Neither I nor my colleagues ____ that the director is going to resign.
A.knows B.know
C.has known D. is to know
B
2.His wife as well as he ____ invited to the business party.
A.has been B.have been
C.has D. are
A
3.My friend and classmate Lily ____ running in her spare time.
A.like B.likes C.is liked D. is liking
B
4. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _____ steadily since 1990.
A. is
B. are
C. has been
D. have been
C
5. E-mail, together with telephones, ___ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing
B. have played
C. are playing
D. play
A
6. As a result of destroying the forests, a large ___ of desert ___ covered the land.
A. number; has
B.quantity;has
C. number; have
D.quantity;have
B
desert的性质同“土地，面积”一类的事物，属于不可数名词，不能用a number of来修饰；
谓语动词同quantity的单复数
THANK YOU!