中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年高考新课标II卷 B篇解析
BTurning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo A. She used to be a health worker.B. She grew up in a low-income family.C. She owns a fast food restaurant.D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time for her classes.C. Some kids disliked garden work.D. There was no space for school gardens.6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.7. What can be a suitable title for the text A. Rescuing School GardensB. Experiencing Country LifeC. Growing Vegetable LoversD. Changing Local Landscape 【词汇积累】awareness n. 了解,意识outnumber v. 多于,超过literally adv. 确实,差不多,简直 hands-on adj. 动手实践的dissection n. 解刨,切开occasionally adv. 偶尔evaluation n. 评价,评估initiator n. 发起人【短语积累】soft drinks 不含酒精的饮料 be scared of 害怕,畏惧,担心 turn off 关掉,失去兴趣,解雇go beyond nutrition 超出了营养的范畴 a calming effect 一种令人平静的影响,一种镇静作用【难句分析】Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. Jaramillo的学生们住的社区不容易找到新鲜食物和绿色空间,快餐店的数量比小商店多。 Where 引起的是neighborhoods 的定语从句。Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. 虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫,对泥土不感兴趣,但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。这个句子中的some和most都是指人。Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. 城市幼苗(Urban Sprouts)在两所初中和两所高中开设了课程,课程内容包括动手实验,比如土壤测试、花和种子解剖、品尝新鲜或干燥的农产品,以及在花园里干活。 这个句子的基本结构是:Urban Sprouts’ classes --- include--- 其中,include的宾语hands-on experiments和 work in the garden 并列。such as 后的三个部分并列。 Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. 此外,在菜园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用,他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。 many of whom 引起students的定语从句。
【应试点拨】:1. 对于文章中不熟悉的词和词组,不要有搞清楚确切含义的冲动。考场外的学习和考场内的应试有着不同。考场外同学们有时间查词典、问老师、和同学探讨,但考场上的时间却是有限的。另外,同学们平时的阅读练习也要注意对应试的练习,通过上下文来领会词意。 2. 有很多老师整理过高考词汇,发现近年来的英语高考词汇量明显比前几年要大很多,尤其是合成词、派生词、熟词新意、词类活用等现象非常明显,而且对外刊原文的改编较少,其中的一些词汇使用令很多同学感到了难度。这就要求同学们必须增大阅读量,尤其是对母语刊物的阅读。也就是说,高三复习过程中的泛读课也要引起老师们的重视。 3. 同学们在平时的阅读中也要主动总结篇章理解性的思路。一般来说,故事要注意亮点,鸡汤文要看升华部分,“剥葱头”式的文章要明白文章核心,“织围巾”式的文章要注重段落间的联系和结论。 4. 关于干扰项。干扰项经常使用原文的一些原词,但部分信息和原文的表述不同,有的扩大、有的缩小、有的曲解、有的以偏概全、有的逻辑关系颠倒、有的利用读者容易产生的误解,等等,进行设置。比如第7题,B项扩大到了农村生活。A项曲解成了拯救学校的菜园。【译文】对初中和高中的孩子们来说,翻土、拔草、收白菜听起来很辛苦。起初是这样的,艾比·哈拉米洛(Abby Jaramillo)说,她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“城市幼苗(Urban Sprouts)”学校菜园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。Jaramillo的学生们住的社区不容易找到新鲜食物和绿色空间,快餐店的数量比小商店多。她说:“孩子们真的带着一袋袋的零食和大瓶的软饮料来学校。” “他们来到我们这儿,认为蔬菜很可怕,泥土很可怕,昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫,对泥土不感兴趣,但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。城市幼苗(Urban Sprouts)在两所初中和两所高中开设了课程,课程内容包括动手实验,比如土壤测试、花和种子解剖、品尝新鲜或干燥的农产品,以及在花园里干活。一年中有几次,学生们会亲自烹饪自己种植的蔬菜,偶尔还会为全校师生制作沙拉。项目评估显示,因为这些课程,孩子们吃了更多的蔬菜。哈拉米洛(Jaramillo)说:“我们有学生说,他们回家后和父母进行了交谈,现在他们的饮食习惯不同了。”她补充说,该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣,他们带种子回家,开始自己种菜园。此外,在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有一种镇静作用,他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们来到室外,”她说,“他们觉得自己很成功。” 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C【解析】文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的城市幼苗(Urban Sprouts)项目,让学生通过种菜改变饮食习惯和培养健康生活方式,越来越多的学生爱上了种菜。【4题详解】细节核对题。根据第一段第二句中的定语从句,--- Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, --- 可知,Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段内容,这儿的孩子们原来的饮食习惯和对蔬菜、泥土、昆虫的态度:孩子们真的带着一袋袋的零食和大瓶的软饮料来学校,并且他们来到我们的项目时,认为蔬菜很可怕,泥土很可怕,昆虫也很可怕。可知,项目之初,一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后两段内容,对这个项目的评估有三个方面:学生们的饮食习惯变了,一些学生喜欢上了园艺,对一部分特教学生的心态有好作用。可知,该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。【7题详解】篇章主旨理解题。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师发起了城市幼苗(Urban Sprouts)项目,让学生通过种菜改变饮食习惯和培养健康生活方式,并且带来了很多好处,饮食习惯变了,有些学生开始自己在家也种植菜园了,甚至对一部分学生的心理也有积极的影响了。所以C项,越来越多的蔬菜爱好者,较好的体现了文章的主旨大意。 故选C项。 这个题要注意干扰项的特点。A项拯救学校菜园,是曲解了在学校种菜园的话题。B项体验农村生活,把在校园里种菜这个细节扩大到了体验农村生活。