人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元综合检测（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元综合检测（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-07-04 20:58:25 | ||
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Unit 4 单元综合检测
(考试时间： 120 分钟 试卷满分： 150 分)
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考 证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动， 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4 ．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共 30 分，略)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
(2022· 云南 · 昆明一中高一期中) Apps to Help in a Disaster
Disasters almost always arrive unexpectedly. But there are computer apps to help people prepare for disasters. Some apps warn users when a disaster has taken place.
Siren GPS Mobile
The free Siren GPS Mobile app connects users to emergency (紧急事件) services at the tap of the screen. The app will let emergency workers know where the person in need is.
The app works over cellphone networks. But it also works on Wi-Fi if cellphone networks are down after an
emergency.
Users can create a personal health report on the app to share with emergency services. This will provide information about medicines that users take, allergies (过敏反应) they might have and other medical information important to treatment decisions.
Life360
The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved ones connected. Users can set up a network of people to share their location, chat and get informed when they are near someone in their network. People in the same network can use the app on iPhone and Android devices.
The app helps users communicate when they are in danger. The location sharing function can be suspended (暂停) when desired.
The Life360 app is free, with some services available for a fee.
Red Panic Button
When a person is in danger, the Red Panic Button app might help. This app can send a text message to chosen contacts providing the user’s location. You can also add a voice or video message or photo to your text and email.
This app can also be used to contact emergency services.
Red Panic Button is free, but extra features are available for a fee*
First Aid by American Red Cross
The free First Aid app by the American Red Cross helps guide users in giving first aid to the injured people. The app can also help with information to help plan for droughts, floods, storms and more.
Watch videos and take tests within the app. Users can switch the app from English to Spanish.
1 ．Which is not the feature of the Siren GPS Mobile app
A ．It connects users to emergency services.
B ．It is useless if your cellphone network is down.
C ．Rescuers can get your health information through it.
D ．Rescue workers can know where the injured person is.
2 ．What can you do if you have the Life360 app
A ．Watch over your loved ones’ movements.
B ．Keep connected with those in your network.
C ．Share your health information with doctors directly.
D ．Get hospital information immediately when in danger.
3 ．What may be the best choice if you want to get information about disasters in advance
A ．Siren GPS Mobile. B ．Life360.
C ．Red Panic Button. D ．First Aid by American Red Cross.
B
(2022· 河南 · 南阳市第二完全学校高级中学高一期中) In the United States, more than 90 people died across six southern states when strong winds known as tornadoes destroyed homes, office buildings and religious centers on Friday night. Victor Gensini, a weather scientist at Northern Illinois University, called the tornado that traveled hundreds of miles on Friday “Remarkable.” He said the tornado traveled about 300 kilometers. Normally, tornadoes die out in minutes, he said, but this one lasted for hours. He said the storm moved as fast as a car going down a large roadway.
Such weather events do happen in December, but they do not happen often this time of year because the temperature on the ground is not so different from that high in the sky. However, people in Kentucky said the air
was warm and wet on Friday. Weather scientists said the mixing of the warm and cold air can create “instability
(不稳定)” which produces storms and the fast, spinning (旋转的) winds of tornadoes.
The question is whether the deadly storm came because of climate change. The weather scientists are not completely sure. Gensini said strong winds are common in the winter, but they do not create tornadoes because the air close to the Earth is also cold. Harold Brooks studies tornadoes at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. While the US has more tornadoes than any other country, tornadoes only form once out of every 10 strong storms. As a result, he said, it is hard to say if the winter tornadoes have something to do with climate change. Gensini, however, said the conditions for strong storms are becoming more common in the winter as the planet warms up.
Jason Furtado, a scientist at the University of Oklahoma, said in the past tornadoes happened more often during warm days in the summer. However, as the winter becomes warmer, especially in the southern US, the tornado season will change. More will happen in the winter and fewer will happen in the summer. He said people who live in places like Kentucky, which suffered the most from Friday’s storms, are now living in an area where tornadoes
are common.
4 ．What can be learned about the tornado “Remarkable”
A ．It is the worst one on record. B ．It lasted only minutes.
C ．It was quite damaging. D ．It only traveled along the roadway.
5 ．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A ．What is the cause of the tornadoes.
B ．Why the weather changes in December.
C ．How special the weather is in December.
D ．What were people’s attitudes to the tornado on Friday night.
6 ．Which of the following may Harold Brooks agree with
A ．A strong storm usually grows into a tornado.
B ．Winter tornadoes will be a common thing in the US.
C ．The US has more tornadoes in winter than any other country.
D ．The connection between winter tornadoes and climate change is unknown.
7 ．How will tornadoes change according to Jason Furtado
A ．They will last longer and longer.
B ．They will become weaker in Kentucky.
C ．They will happen less often in the summer.
D ．They will travel faster in colder months.
C
(2022·江西 · 临川一中高一阶段练习) Check out our tsunami facts and learn some interesting information
related to these great walls of water that can cause so much destruction. Find out what causes tsunamis and read about some notable recent examples of tsunamis that have occurred around the globe.
Tsunamis are huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. As a tsunami approaches the shore, water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow enough, the water may be pulled back hundreds of meters. If you are in the area, observing this is a good indication that a tsunami is on the way.
Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time to evacuate as possible. When tsunamis hit shallow water (often near the coast), they slow down but increase in height.
An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200,000 people in 14 countries. In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people. The tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached heights of over 40 metres (131 feet) in mine areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents.
The Japanese word “tsunami” literally means “harbour wave” . Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal waves but this term has fallen out of favour because tsunamis are not related to tides.
8 ．Which of the following shows a tsunami is coming soon
A ．The water near the shore is pulled back. B ．The water marches towards the coast.
C ．An earthquake takes place. D ．The water near the shore is very shallow.
9 ．In the Tohoku earthquake, over 15,000 people died mainly because of ________.
A ．the earthquake itself B ．the lack of warning systems
C ．the tsunami caused by the earthquake D ．the nuclear accidents caused by the tsunami
10 ．What does the underlined word “evacuate” in Paragraph 3 mean
A ．Leave. B ．Watch. C ．Explore. D ．Communicate.
11 ．What can we learn from the passage
A ．There is no sign before the approach of a tsunami.
B ．More people died in Indonesia tsunami than in Tohoku tsunami.
C ．Some nuclear accidents happened after Indonesia tsunami.
D ．The term “tidal wave” is used more often than “tsunami.”
D
( 2022 · 山西 · 柳林县鑫 飞 中学高一期 中 ) On August 14, 2021, Haiti was hit by a7.2 magnitude( 级 数)earthquake. The quake destroyed thousands of buildings, injured over 5,700 people, and left at least 1,297 others dead. Haiti has declared a state of emergency(紧急情况).
The earthquake struck near the town of Petit Trou de Nippes, in the western part of the country. That’s roughly
125 kilometers west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. The earthquake did serious damage in two nearby cities, Les Cayes and Jeremie, with Les Cayes hit the hardest. Homes, schools, churches, and offices were seriously damaged.
The number of injured people was so high that local hospitals have been unable to keep up. A number of medical workers at the general hospital in Les Cayes were themselves trapped in a building. Across the area, people were searching through the rubble(废墟) for survivors. But the earthquake also caused landslides(塌方), making the job even more difficult. There have been many aftershocks—smaller quakes which follow the main earthquake. With many buildings damaged by the earthquake, it’s not certain whether the buildings still standing in the area are safe. Many people are choosing to sleep outside rather than taking the risk of sleeping in a building.
Haiti has still not fully returned to normal from a 7.0 magnitude earthquake which destroyed much of Port-au- Prince and killed over 200,000 people in 2010. The country suffered again in 2016, when it was pounded(袭击) by Hurricane Matthew, which caused huge damage in Haiti. Storm Grace is expected to reach Haiti on Monday, bringing heavy rainfall with it.
Several countries have offered to help Haiti. The government says the country won’t officially ask for outside help until it is clear how much damage there is in all. But Haiti is not a rich country, and the government may not have the money for major efforts to rebuild the damaged areas.
12 ．Which was worst affected by this year’s earthquake
A ．Port-au-Prince. B ．Jeremie. C ．Les Cayes. D ．Petit Trou de Nippes.
13 ．What does the underlined part “the job” in Paragraph 3 mean
A ．Dealing with landslides. B ．Searching for survivors.
C ．Observing aftershocks. D ．Doing building safety-checks.
14 ．What do we know about Haiti
A ．It has begun to rebuild after this year’s earthquake.
B ．It has just recovered from the 2010 earthquake.
C ．It suffered from two kinds of hurricanes in 2016.
D ．It has experienced serious disasters in recent years.
15 ．What is Haiti’s attitude to seeking foreign aid
A ．Doubtful. B ．Favored. C ．Cautious. D ．Disapproving.
第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2022· 广西河池 · 高一期末) Unlike hurricanes or floods, earthquakes happen without warning and are
usually followed by similar aftershocks, although the aftershocks are usually less powerful than the quake. If you
find yourself in the middle of an earthquake, there’s often only a short time to decide what to do. ___ 16___
● Drop to the ground. The drop, cover, and hold on technique is the cousin of the famous “stop, drop and roll” for fires. While it’s not the only method of protecting yourself indoors during an earthquake, it is the preferred method of the Red Cross. Big earthquakes occur without much, if any, warning. ___ 17___ A small earthquake could turn into a big earthquake in a split-second; it’s better to be safe than sorry.
● Take cover. Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture. ___ 18___ If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch (蜷缩) in an inside corner of the building.
● Hold on. ___ 19___ Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop. If you were unable to find a surface to hide under, continue to keep your head protected by your arms and tucked (躲藏，隐藏) down low.
● ___20___ Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.
A ．Stay inside until it’s safe to get out.
B ．In that case, move to the nearest safe place.
C ．Stairs are dangerous places to walk during an earthquake.
D ．So it’s recommended that you drop to the floor as soon as it hits.
E ．If possible, stay away from windows and anything that could fall.
F ．The ground maybe shaking and pieces of wood or brick could be falling.
G ．Studying the following advice could be the difference between life and death.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( 2022 · 湖 南 · 长 沙 一 中 高 一 期 末 ) Hurricane Harvey struck Texas over two years ago, and many communities continue to feel its effects today. The areas that were ____21____ most by Harvey were already facing many economic ____22____. After Harvey hit, the people who were ____23____ to meet their basic needs were faced with having to rebuild their lives and their homes as well. ____24____ Harvey and the affected communities, the East Harris County Recovery Project was created to help individuals and families that were hit particularly ____25____ by the hurricane and support them as they ____26____. Good360, a non-profit charity group, is ____27____ to partner with this organization to assist the ____28____ communities.
Good360 donated backpacks to East Harris County Empowerment Council for students returning to school this fall who ____29____ would not have been able to buy new backpacks. The weeks _____30_____ the start of school are particularly hard for families. Parents are often forced to choose between having _____31_____ on the dinner
table, putting gas in the car, and buying school _____32_____ for their children. The donation of backpacks allowed
them to _____33_____ meeting other needs.
One family in the county was especially impacted by this donation. When it came time to buy school items, the mother was _____34_____ that she would not have enough money for her two children in school. Thanks to Good360’s _____35_____, both children received brand new backpacks.
21 ．A ．applied B ．hit C ．funded D ．relieved
22 ．A ．challenges B ．impressions C ．currents D ．services
23 ．A ．signaling B ．struggling C ．confirming D ．marching
24 ．A ．In case of B ．In addition to C ．In response to D ．In place of
25 ．A ．fancy B ．ordinary C ．hard D ．orderly
26 ．A ．recover B ．revise C ．reflect D ．retire
27 ．A ．shocked B ．unlikely C ．anxious D ．proud
28 ．A ．defeated B ．deserted C ．unearthed D ．impacted
29 ．A ．otherwise B ．further C ．entirely D ．moreover
30 ．A ．setting a limit toB ．referring to C ．leading up to D ．giving rise to
31 ．A ．fun B ．food C ．difficulty D ．argument
32 ．A ．games B ．business C ．sources D ．supplies
33 ．A ．focus on B ．occur to C ．draw on D ．bring up
34 ．A ．inspired B ．concerned C ．determined D ．scared
35 ．A ．procedure B ．rescue C ．donation D ．power
第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1. 5 分, 满分 15 分)
(2022·海南 · 高一期末) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答
案填写在答题卡上。
On February 16, 1861, a big earthquake struck Sumatra, an Indonesian island. The earthquake shook the western side of the island, ___36___ (cause ) a tsunami (海啸). That wall of water poured onto shore, destroying towns and taking thousands of ___37___ (life) .
Recently, though, a team of scientists discovered that another earthquake occurred before this deadly event. According to the record, that earthquake ___38___ (start ) in 1829 and lasted for 32 years but no one felt even one shake. This kind of slow-moving earthquake ___39___ (call) “silent earthquakes” because no instrument can find them. Scientists have only begun discovering them because ___40___ the advances in GPS technology in the last twenty years.
___41___ (figure) out what is going on under the ground, scientists need to study earthquakes. Every
earthquake, either small ___42___ big, can teach scientists something about how much the ground will shake in the
future. Unluckily, no one can predict (预测) when an earthquake will hit. Scientists just have to prepare to study all earthquakes ___43___ strike.
But silent earthquakes like the one in Sumatra change the game for scientists. These silent earthquakes happen all over ___44___ world. Sometimes, a silent earthquake happens just before a regular one, both of which might be related. By studying silent earthquakes, scientists hope to better understand regular earthquakes and ___45___ (possible) predict them.
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分 40 分)
第一节(满分 15 分)
46．(2022·湖北 · 十堰市教育科学研究院高一期末) 假定你是李华，你校将举办一场以“Howto survive an earthquake”为主题的讲座。请你写封邮件邀请你的外国朋友 George 参加，内容包括：
1.邮件的目的；
2.讲座的主要内容；
3.讲座的时间和地点。
注意： 1.写作词数应为 80 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear George,
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分 25 分)
47．(2022·湖北 ·鄂州市鄂城区教学研究室高一期中) 阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两
段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The concept of comfort zone ( 舒适 区) refers to a psychological state in which we feel safe and do not experience anxiety or fear. It is a “space” that we know completely and in which we control almost everything.
Your comfort zone represents things you’re familiar with, your regular haunts, friends you’re at ease with, and activities you love doing. Your comfort zone’s risk free. It’s easy. It doesn’t cause you to stretch. Within these boundaries we feel safe and secure.
During my senior year in college I was short a few credits, and so I skimmed through the class schedule looking
for something to fill the hours. When I came across “Private Voice Instruction” as in singing lessons, I thought,
“Why not step outside my comfort zone and give it a try ”
I was careful to sign up for private lessons instead of group lessons because I didn’t want to make a fool of myself by singing in front of other students.
Things went fine until the end of the semester when my singing professor brought the shocking news. “By the way, Sean, have you decided which song you want to sing at the recital ” “What do you mean ” I asked in horror.
“Well, the class requirements state that you have to sing at least one time in front of the other private voice students.”
“That would not be a good idea,” I said emphatically.
“Oh, it’s no big deal. You’ll do fine.”
Well, to me it was a huge deal. The thought of singing in front of a group made me physically sick. “How am I going to get out of this one ” I thought. But I couldn’t allow myself to do that because I had been speaking to various groups over the past year advising them to never let fears make their decisions.
“Courage, Sean.” I kept saying in my mind. “You’ve got to at least try.”
注意： 1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
That frightening day finally arrived.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
I left the classroom as if a heavy load had been lifted.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1 ．B
2 ．B
3 ．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了在灾难时有帮助的几款应用程序。
1．细节理解题。根据 Siren GPS Mobile 下列第二段中“But it also works on Wi-Fi if cellphone networks are down after an emergency. (但如果紧急情况下手机网络中断， 它也可以在 Wi-Fi 上运行。 )”可知， 选项 B“如 果你的手机网络坏了，它就没用了。 ”不是 Siren GPS Mobile 应用程序的特点。故选 B 项。
2 ．细节理解题 。根据 Life360 下列第一段 中 “The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved ones connected. (Life360 应用程序提供了一种让亲人保持联系的服务。)”可知，如果你有 Life360 应用程序，你 能和你社交圈里的人保持联系。故选 B 项。
3．推理判断题。根据 First Aid by American Red Cross 下列段落中“The app can also help with information to help plan for droughts, floods, storms and more. (该应用程序还可以提供信息，有助于对干旱、洪水、风暴等 做出计划。 )”可知， 如果你想提前获得灾难的信息， 最好的选择是 First Aidby American Red Cross。故选 D
项。
4 ．C
5 ．A
6 ．D
7 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在美国， 过去龙卷风经常发生在温暖的夏季， 而现在， 随着
冬季温度越来越高，美国南部地区龙卷风发生的频率也越来越高。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“In the United States, more than 90 people died across six southern states when strong winds known as tornadoes destroyed homes, office buildings and religious centers on Friday night. Victor Gensini, a weather scientist at Northern Illinois University, called the tornado that traveled hundreds of miles on Friday “Remarkable.”(在美国，周五晚上，龙卷风摧毁了房屋、办公楼和宗教中心，造成南部 6 个州 90 多人死亡。 北伊利诺伊大学的气象学家维克多 ·根西尼称周五席卷数百英里的龙卷风为“异常的”) 。”可推断， 这个龙卷 风造成了极大地毁坏。故选 C。
5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Weather scientists said the mixing of the warm and cold air can create “instability (不 稳定)” which produces storms and the fast, spinning (旋转的) winds of tornadoes.(气象学家表示，暖空气和冷 空气的混合会造成“不稳定”，从而产生风暴和快速旋转的龙卷风。 )
”可知，本段讲的是龙卷风是如何形成的。故选 A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“As a result, he said, it is hard to say if the winter tornadoes have something to do with climate change.(因此，他说，很难说冬季龙卷风是否与气候变化有关。)”可知，Harold Brooks 认为冬季龙 卷风和气候变化之间是否有联系并不可知。故选 D。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, as the winter becomes warmer, especially in the southern US, the tornado season will change. More will happen in the winter and fewer will happen in the summer.(然而，随着冬 天变暖，尤其是在美国南部， 龙卷风季节将会改变。冬天会发生更多， 夏天会发生更少。)”可知，Jason Furtado 认为，以后在夏季，龙卷风将会发生的更少。故选项 C。
8 ．A
9 ．C
10 ．A
11 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海啸的危害并举了一些例子。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“As a tsunami approaches the shore, water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow enough, the water may be pulled back hundreds of meters. If you are in the area, observing this is a good indication that a tsunami is on the way. (当海啸接近海岸时，海水可能会从海岸回流。如果它足够浅，水可 能被拉回数百米。如果你在该地区， 观察这是一个很好的迹象， 表明海啸即将来临。) ”可知， 海岸附近的 水向后退去了，可显示海啸即将来临。故选 A。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段“In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people. (2011 年 3 月， 日本东海岸附近的东北地震 引发了海啸， 这是造成 15 000 多人死亡的主要因素。) ”可知， 在日本东北部的地震中， 超过 15000 人死亡， 主要是因为地震引发的海啸。故选 C。
10．词义猜测题。根据划线词前半句“Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time to (处于海啸危险区的地区通常设有预警系统，以便给人们尽可能多的时间) ”可 知，设有预警系统是为了提醒人们尽可能地撤离，所以 evacuate 为“逃离”之意。故选 A。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段“An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200,000 people in 14 countries. In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people. (2004 年 12 月，印度尼西 亚附近的印度洋发生地震， 引发海啸， 造成 14 个国家 20 多万人死亡。 2011 年 3 月， 日本东海岸附近的东
北地震引发了海啸，这是造成 15
000 多人死亡的主要因素。) ”根据印度尼西亚和日本东海岸附近的东北地震死亡人数数字比较可知， 印度 尼西亚海啸的死亡人数比东北部海啸的死亡人数还多。故选 B。
12 ．C13 ．B14 ．D15 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了海地 2010 年和 2021 年发生地震的情况以及 2016 年遭受飓风袭击
的情况。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“The earthquake did serious damage in two nearby cities, Les Cayes and Jeremie, with Les Cayes hit the hardest.”(地震在附近两个城市造成了严重破坏， Les Cayes and Jeremie，其中 Les Cayes 受灾最严重)可知， Les Cayes 受灾最严重。故选 C 项。
13 ．词句猜测题 。根据划线词上文 “Across the area, people were searching through the rubble( 废墟) for survivors.”(整个地区的人们都在废墟中搜寻幸存者)可知， 但地震也造成了山体滑坡， 这使得搜寻幸存者更 加困难。所以划线词指的是“搜寻幸存者”。故选 B 项。
14．细节理解题。根据第一段“On August 14, 2021, Haiti washit by a7.2 magnitude(级数)earthquake.”(2021 年 8 月 14 日，海地发生 7.2 级地震)以及倒数第二段“Haiti has still not fully returned to normal from a 7.0 magnitude earthquake which destroyed much of Port-au-Prince and killed over 200,000 people in 2010. The country suffered again in 2016, when it was pounded(袭击) by Hurricane Matthew, which caused huge damage in Haiti.”(2010 年， 海地发生 7.0 级地震， 摧毁了太子港大部分地区， 造成 20 多万人死亡， 目前海地还没有完全恢复正常。 2016 年，海地再次遭受飓风马修的袭击，造成巨大损失)由此可知，近年来，海地经历了严重的灾害。故选 D 项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Several countries have offered to help Haiti. The government says the country won’t officially ask for outside help until it is clear how much damage there is in all.”(一些国家已经表示愿意帮 助海地。政府表示， 该国不会正式寻求外界帮助， 直到弄清总共的损失有多大)由此判断出， 海地对寻求外 援持谨慎的态度。故选 C 项。
16 ．G17 ．D18 ．E19 ．F20 ．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几条地震时该如何反应的建议。
16．上文“If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake, there’s often only a short time to decide what to do.(如果你发现自己身处地震之中， 通常只有很短的时间来决定该做什么)”说明身处地震中， 决定该做什么 的时间很短， G 项“研究以下建议可能是生与死的区别。 ”承接上文，引出下文内容，符合题意。故选 G。
17．本段标题句“Drop to the ground.(卧倒在地上)”说明本段给出的建议是卧倒在地， D 项中 drop to the floor 是关键短语， D 项“所以建议地震一发生你就卧倒在地。 ”符合本段主旨。故选 D。
18．本段标题句“Take cover.(躲起来)”说明本段给出的建议是躲起来， 以及上文“Getunder a firm table or other
piece of
furniture.(躲到坚硬的桌子或其他家具下面)”说明躲起来时应注意的事项，E 项“如果可能的话，远离窗户 和任何可能坠落的物体。 ”继续介绍躲起来时的注意事项，符合题意。故选 E。
19．下文“Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.(固守你已 经到达的任何表面或平台下边， 等待震动停止)”说明要待在相对安全的地方， 等待震动停止， F 项“地面可 能会晃动，木块或砖块可能会掉落。 ”解释下文动作的原因，符合题意。故选 F。
20．下文“Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.(研究人员已经表明， 大多数伤害发生在人们试 图改变躲藏地点，或当这个地方很拥挤，每个人都有一个目标，以安全逃出的时候)”说明大多数伤害发生
在人们试图改变躲藏的地点或者每个人都想出去时，A 项“待在里面，直到出去是安全的。”说明在确认安 全之前待在里面，引出下文内容，符合题意。故选 A。
21 ．B22 ．A23 ．B24 ．C25 ．C26 ．A27 ．D28 ．D29 ．A30 ．C31 ．B32 ．D33 ．A34 ．B35 ．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了飓风哈维袭击了德克萨斯州之后， 政府和慈善机构帮助灾区人民恢复生
活，度过难关的故事。
21 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受哈维打击最严重的地区已经面临许多经济挑战。A. applied 应用，申请；
B. hit 打击；C. funded 资助；D. relieved 缓解。根据上文“Hurricane Harvey struck Texas”及下文“After Harvey hit”可知，此处指受飓风打击最严重的地区。故选 B 项。
22 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：受哈维打击最严重的地区已经面临许多经济挑战。A. challenges 挑战；B. impressions 印象；C. currents 趋势；D. services 服务。根据后文“the people who were 3 to meet their basic needs were faced with having to rebuild their lives and their homes as well”可知，他们遇到许多经济挑战。 故选 A 项。
23 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈维袭击后， 那些努力满足基本需求的人们面临着重建生活和家园的问题。
A. signaling 发信号；B. struggling 挣扎，奋斗，努力；C. confirming 证实；D. marching 行进。根据前文“After Harvey hit”及后文“to meet their basic needs”可知，在飓风袭击之后，灾民需要努力满足基本需求。故选 B 项。
24 ．考查介词固定短语词义辨析。句意：为了应对哈维和受灾的社区，政府创建了东哈里斯县恢复工程， 以帮助遭受飓风重创的个人和家庭，并在他们恢复时提供支持。A. In case of 万一，如果发生 …… ；B. In addition to 另外；C. In response to 作为回应，应对；D. In place of 替代。根据后文“the East Harris County Recovery Project was created to help individuals and families that were hit particularly 5 by the hurricane” 可知，恢复工程的创建是为了应对飓风给灾区人民带来的灾害。故选 C 项。
25 ．考查形容词(副词) 词义辨析。句意：为了应对哈维和受灾的社区， 政府创建了东哈里斯县恢复工程，
以帮助遭受飓风重创的个人和家庭，并在他们恢复时提供支持。 A. fancy 精致的； B. ordinary 普通的； C.
hard 艰难的， 沉重地， 猛烈地；D. orderly 有序的。根据前文“The areas that were 1 most by Harvey were already facing many economic 2 .”可知， 恢复工程要帮助灾民， 尤其是遭到飓风猛烈打击的灾 民。故选 C 项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了应对哈维和受灾的社区，创建了东哈里斯县恢复工程，以帮助遭受飓 风重创的个人和家庭，并在他们恢复时提供支持。 A. recover 恢复；B. revise 修改；C. reflect 反应；D. retire 退休。根据常识和前文“theEast Harris County Recovery Project”可知， 恢复工程在灾民恢复生活时， 提供支 持。故选 A 项。
27 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Good360 是一家非营利性慈善团体，很荣幸能与该组织合作，帮助受影 响的社区。 A. shocked 震惊的；B. unlikely 不大可能的；C. anxious 焦虑的；D. proud 自豪的。根据前文“a non- profit charity group”和后文“to partner with this organization to assist the 8 communities”可知， 作为一 家非营利慈善机构，能帮助灾民度过难关感到非常自豪。故选 D 项。
28 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Good360 是一家非营利性慈善团体，很荣幸能与该组织合作，帮助受影 响的社区。 A. defeated 被击败的；B. deserted 被遗弃的；C. unearthed 被发掘的；D. impacted 受影响的。基 于前文分析可知，飓风袭击了该地区，所以慈善机构帮助受影响的社区。故选 D 项。
29 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Good360 向东哈里斯县赋权委员会捐赠了背包，以帮助今年秋季返校的学 生，否则他们将无法购买新的背包。 A. otherwise 否则；B. further 进一步；C. entirely 完全地；D. moreover 此外。根据语境和后文“would not have been able to buy new backpacks”可知， 如果得不到帮助， 他们就无法 购买新书包。故选 A 项。
30 ．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：开学前的几周对家庭来说尤其艰难。 A. setting a limit to 将限制设置为；
B. referring to 参考，涉及；C. leading up to 是…… 的先导，是导致…… 的原因；D. giving rise to 引起，导致 (尤指坏事)。根据后文“Parents are often forced to choose between having 11 on the dinner table, putting gas in the car, and buying school 12 for their children.”可知， 在开学的前几周对家庭来说是最 艰难的。故选 C 项。
31 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：父母不得不在餐桌上的食物、给车加油和给孩子买学习用品之间做出选择。
A. fun 乐趣；B. food 食物；C. difficulty 困难；D. argument 争论。根据后文“on the dinner table”可知，此处 指餐桌上的食物。故选 B 项。
32 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：父母不得不在餐桌上的食物、给车加油和给孩子买学习用品之间做出选择。
A. games 游戏；B. business 商业；C. sources 来源；D. supplies 供应，补给， 日用品。根据语境和前文 “school”后文“for the children”可知，此处指学习日用品。故选 D 项。
33 ．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：捐赠背包使他们能够着力于满足其他需求。 A. focus on 关注；B. occur
to 被想起；C. draw on 利用；D. bring up 提出，抚养。基于前文分析可知，灾区的孩子们几乎买不起学习 用品，根据后文“meeting other needs”可知，捐赠背包使他们能够着力于满足其他需求。故选 A 项。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到了买学校用品的时候，这位母亲担心自己没有足够的钱供两个孩子上 学。 A. inspired 受启发的；B. concerned 关注的，担心的；C. determined 坚定的；D. scared 害怕的。基于前 文分析可知，灾区的孩子们几乎买不起学习用品，根据后文“she would not have enough money for her two children in school”可知，妈妈在担心没有足够的钱供孩子上学。故选 B 项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏 Good360 的捐赠，两个孩子都收到了全新的背包。A. procedure 程序；
B. rescue 营救；C. donation 捐赠；D. power 力量。根据前文“Good360 donated backpacks”及后文“both children received brand new backpacks”可知，两个孩子得到 Good360 的捐赠。故选 C 项。
36 ．causing
37 ．lives
38 ．started
39 ．is called
40 ．of
41 ．To figure
42 ．or
43 ．that
44 ．the
45 ．possibly
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无声地震是什么样的地震以及科学家为预测这种地震所做的研
究。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：地震使岛屿的西部震动了，引起了海啸。句中有谓语 shook，空处应用非谓 语动词 causing，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词，故填 causing。
37．考查名词单复数。句意：那堵水墙倾泻到岸上，摧毁了城镇，夺走了成千上万的生命。由 thousands of 可知，此处 life 应用复数形式 lives，故填 lives。
38．考查时态。句意：根据记录，那次地震始于 1829 年，持续了32 年，但没有人感到一丝震动。空处和 lasted 是并列的谓语动词，由 in 1829 可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填started。
39．考查时态和语态。句意：这种缓慢移动的地震被称为“无声地震”，因为没有仪器能够发现它们。空处 在主句中做谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语 This kind of slow-moving earthquake 和动词 call 二者之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动，主语是单数，故填is called。
40．考查介词。句意：由于过去二十年 GPS 技术的进步，科学家们才开始发现它们。 because of 是固定搭 配，意为“因为”，是介词短语，后面接名词，代词或动名词，而 because 是连词，后面接句子，该空后是 名词短语，应用 because of，故填 of。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了弄清楚地下到底发生了什么，科学家们需要研究地震。空处是非谓语动 词做状语， 表示目的， 且动词 figure 和主语 scientists 是主动关系， 应用动词不定式做状语， 单词位于句首， 首字母大写，故填 To figure。
42 ．考查固定搭配。句意：每一次地震，无论大小，都可以告诉科学家未来地面会震动多大。 either...or 是 固定搭配，意为“或者……或者……”，故填 or。
43 ．考查定语从句。句意： 科学家们只需要准备好研究所有的地震。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词 为 earthquakes，指物，在定语从句中做主语，且先行词前由 all 来修饰，只能用关系代词 that 来引导，故 填 that。
44 ．考查固定搭配。句意：这些无声的地震发生在世界各地。all over the world 是固定搭配，意为“世界各 地”，故填 the。
45．考查副词。句意：通过研究无声地震，科学家们希望更好地了解常规地震，并有可能预测它们。动词 predict 应用副词 possibly 来修饰，意为“可能地”，故填 possibly。
46 ．Dear George,
I’m writing to invite you to attend a lecture about “How to survive an earthquake”, which will be held in our school hall next Monday. The relevant details are as follows.
To begin with, an earthquake video will be presented, making us know the horrible result of an earthquake. Then the specialist will give us some guidelines for surviving an earthquake, such as how to signal for help if you are trapped. Though we can't stop earthquakes, the harm they bring us can be reduced if we do the right things.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份写邮件邀请外国朋友 George 参加以“Howto survive an earthquake”为主题的讲座。
【详解】 1.词汇积累
举办： hold→host
首先： to begin with→first of all
参加： attend→take part in
建议： lecture→speech
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： To begin with, an earthquake video will be presented, making us know the horrible result of an earthquake. 拓展句：To begin with, an earthquake video will be presented, whose aim is to make us know the horrible result of an earthquake.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】I’m writing to invite you to attend a lecture about “How to survive an earthquake”,
which will be held in our school hall next Monday. (运用了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型 2】Then the specialist will give us some guidelines for surviving an earthquake, such as how to signal for help if you are trapped.(运用了 if 引导的条件状语从句)
47 ．One possible version:
That frightening day finally arrived. As I entered the classroom, I kept trying to convince myself, “Just cheer up, OK This can’t be that bad. ” Now it was my turn. As I stood in front of the class, which was far away from my comfort zone, I kept repeating to myself, “Courage! Relax! Take it easy! Just perform your best! ” It turned out that I did such a great job that all the students applauded my performance warmly.
I left the classroom as if a heavy load had been lifted. Although that experience nearly killed me, I felt a great sense of personal accomplishment on my way home. I was so proud of myself and I frankly didn’t care what anyone else thought about my performance. What really mattered was that I had survived. Stepping out of your comfort zone will never be easy, but afterward you’ll always be glad you did it.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者以亲身经历讲述了如何走出自己的舒适区。每个人都有自己的舒适区， 在 这个舒适区内，一切都是自己熟悉的，为自己所掌控的，所以会感觉很安全和放松。作者在大四的时候， 因为少了几个学分， 所以打算找点活动来修满学分。在看到声乐课上的《私人声乐指导》时， 想着何不跳 出自己的舒适圈， 于是报了名。但到期末时才知道自己要在众人面前唱歌， 作者想逃避， 但最后还是努力 做到了。
【详解】 1.段落续写
O由第一段首句内容“那可怕的一天终于到来了。”可知，第一段可描述作者在众人面前唱歌当天发生的事。 由第二段首句内容“我走出了教室，仿佛卸下了沉重的负担。”可知，第二段可描述作者完成了这一活动 后的心里想法。
2.续写线索：唱歌那天到来——上台前的心理建设——演唱—— 唱完后的感想
3.词汇激活
行为类
进入教室： enter the classroom / walk into the classroom / get into the classroom / come into the classroom
称赞我的表演：applaud my performance/ clap their hands for my performance / praise me for my performance / compliment me on my performance
情绪类
放轻松、别紧张： take it easy / be relaxed / don’t be nervous
坦白地： frankly / frankly speaking / honestly / to be honest / forthrightly
【 点睛】【 高分句型 1 】As I stood in front of the class, which was far away from my comfort zone, I kept repeating to myself(运用了 as 引导的时间状语从句和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句)
【 高 分 句 型 2 】 I was so proud of myself and I frankly didn’t care what anyone else thought about my performance.(运用了 and 连接的并列句和 what 引导的宾语从句)
(考试时间： 120 分钟 试卷满分： 150 分)
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考 证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动， 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4 ．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共 30 分，略)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
(2022· 云南 · 昆明一中高一期中) Apps to Help in a Disaster
Disasters almost always arrive unexpectedly. But there are computer apps to help people prepare for disasters. Some apps warn users when a disaster has taken place.
Siren GPS Mobile
The free Siren GPS Mobile app connects users to emergency (紧急事件) services at the tap of the screen. The app will let emergency workers know where the person in need is.
The app works over cellphone networks. But it also works on Wi-Fi if cellphone networks are down after an
emergency.
Users can create a personal health report on the app to share with emergency services. This will provide information about medicines that users take, allergies (过敏反应) they might have and other medical information important to treatment decisions.
Life360
The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved ones connected. Users can set up a network of people to share their location, chat and get informed when they are near someone in their network. People in the same network can use the app on iPhone and Android devices.
The app helps users communicate when they are in danger. The location sharing function can be suspended (暂停) when desired.
The Life360 app is free, with some services available for a fee.
Red Panic Button
When a person is in danger, the Red Panic Button app might help. This app can send a text message to chosen contacts providing the user’s location. You can also add a voice or video message or photo to your text and email.
This app can also be used to contact emergency services.
Red Panic Button is free, but extra features are available for a fee*
First Aid by American Red Cross
The free First Aid app by the American Red Cross helps guide users in giving first aid to the injured people. The app can also help with information to help plan for droughts, floods, storms and more.
Watch videos and take tests within the app. Users can switch the app from English to Spanish.
1 ．Which is not the feature of the Siren GPS Mobile app
A ．It connects users to emergency services.
B ．It is useless if your cellphone network is down.
C ．Rescuers can get your health information through it.
D ．Rescue workers can know where the injured person is.
2 ．What can you do if you have the Life360 app
A ．Watch over your loved ones’ movements.
B ．Keep connected with those in your network.
C ．Share your health information with doctors directly.
D ．Get hospital information immediately when in danger.
3 ．What may be the best choice if you want to get information about disasters in advance
A ．Siren GPS Mobile. B ．Life360.
C ．Red Panic Button. D ．First Aid by American Red Cross.
B
(2022· 河南 · 南阳市第二完全学校高级中学高一期中) In the United States, more than 90 people died across six southern states when strong winds known as tornadoes destroyed homes, office buildings and religious centers on Friday night. Victor Gensini, a weather scientist at Northern Illinois University, called the tornado that traveled hundreds of miles on Friday “Remarkable.” He said the tornado traveled about 300 kilometers. Normally, tornadoes die out in minutes, he said, but this one lasted for hours. He said the storm moved as fast as a car going down a large roadway.
Such weather events do happen in December, but they do not happen often this time of year because the temperature on the ground is not so different from that high in the sky. However, people in Kentucky said the air
was warm and wet on Friday. Weather scientists said the mixing of the warm and cold air can create “instability
(不稳定)” which produces storms and the fast, spinning (旋转的) winds of tornadoes.
The question is whether the deadly storm came because of climate change. The weather scientists are not completely sure. Gensini said strong winds are common in the winter, but they do not create tornadoes because the air close to the Earth is also cold. Harold Brooks studies tornadoes at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. While the US has more tornadoes than any other country, tornadoes only form once out of every 10 strong storms. As a result, he said, it is hard to say if the winter tornadoes have something to do with climate change. Gensini, however, said the conditions for strong storms are becoming more common in the winter as the planet warms up.
Jason Furtado, a scientist at the University of Oklahoma, said in the past tornadoes happened more often during warm days in the summer. However, as the winter becomes warmer, especially in the southern US, the tornado season will change. More will happen in the winter and fewer will happen in the summer. He said people who live in places like Kentucky, which suffered the most from Friday’s storms, are now living in an area where tornadoes
are common.
4 ．What can be learned about the tornado “Remarkable”
A ．It is the worst one on record. B ．It lasted only minutes.
C ．It was quite damaging. D ．It only traveled along the roadway.
5 ．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A ．What is the cause of the tornadoes.
B ．Why the weather changes in December.
C ．How special the weather is in December.
D ．What were people’s attitudes to the tornado on Friday night.
6 ．Which of the following may Harold Brooks agree with
A ．A strong storm usually grows into a tornado.
B ．Winter tornadoes will be a common thing in the US.
C ．The US has more tornadoes in winter than any other country.
D ．The connection between winter tornadoes and climate change is unknown.
7 ．How will tornadoes change according to Jason Furtado
A ．They will last longer and longer.
B ．They will become weaker in Kentucky.
C ．They will happen less often in the summer.
D ．They will travel faster in colder months.
C
(2022·江西 · 临川一中高一阶段练习) Check out our tsunami facts and learn some interesting information
related to these great walls of water that can cause so much destruction. Find out what causes tsunamis and read about some notable recent examples of tsunamis that have occurred around the globe.
Tsunamis are huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. As a tsunami approaches the shore, water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow enough, the water may be pulled back hundreds of meters. If you are in the area, observing this is a good indication that a tsunami is on the way.
Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time to evacuate as possible. When tsunamis hit shallow water (often near the coast), they slow down but increase in height.
An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200,000 people in 14 countries. In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people. The tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached heights of over 40 metres (131 feet) in mine areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents.
The Japanese word “tsunami” literally means “harbour wave” . Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal waves but this term has fallen out of favour because tsunamis are not related to tides.
8 ．Which of the following shows a tsunami is coming soon
A ．The water near the shore is pulled back. B ．The water marches towards the coast.
C ．An earthquake takes place. D ．The water near the shore is very shallow.
9 ．In the Tohoku earthquake, over 15,000 people died mainly because of ________.
A ．the earthquake itself B ．the lack of warning systems
C ．the tsunami caused by the earthquake D ．the nuclear accidents caused by the tsunami
10 ．What does the underlined word “evacuate” in Paragraph 3 mean
A ．Leave. B ．Watch. C ．Explore. D ．Communicate.
11 ．What can we learn from the passage
A ．There is no sign before the approach of a tsunami.
B ．More people died in Indonesia tsunami than in Tohoku tsunami.
C ．Some nuclear accidents happened after Indonesia tsunami.
D ．The term “tidal wave” is used more often than “tsunami.”
D
( 2022 · 山西 · 柳林县鑫 飞 中学高一期 中 ) On August 14, 2021, Haiti was hit by a7.2 magnitude( 级 数)earthquake. The quake destroyed thousands of buildings, injured over 5,700 people, and left at least 1,297 others dead. Haiti has declared a state of emergency(紧急情况).
The earthquake struck near the town of Petit Trou de Nippes, in the western part of the country. That’s roughly
125 kilometers west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. The earthquake did serious damage in two nearby cities, Les Cayes and Jeremie, with Les Cayes hit the hardest. Homes, schools, churches, and offices were seriously damaged.
The number of injured people was so high that local hospitals have been unable to keep up. A number of medical workers at the general hospital in Les Cayes were themselves trapped in a building. Across the area, people were searching through the rubble(废墟) for survivors. But the earthquake also caused landslides(塌方), making the job even more difficult. There have been many aftershocks—smaller quakes which follow the main earthquake. With many buildings damaged by the earthquake, it’s not certain whether the buildings still standing in the area are safe. Many people are choosing to sleep outside rather than taking the risk of sleeping in a building.
Haiti has still not fully returned to normal from a 7.0 magnitude earthquake which destroyed much of Port-au- Prince and killed over 200,000 people in 2010. The country suffered again in 2016, when it was pounded(袭击) by Hurricane Matthew, which caused huge damage in Haiti. Storm Grace is expected to reach Haiti on Monday, bringing heavy rainfall with it.
Several countries have offered to help Haiti. The government says the country won’t officially ask for outside help until it is clear how much damage there is in all. But Haiti is not a rich country, and the government may not have the money for major efforts to rebuild the damaged areas.
12 ．Which was worst affected by this year’s earthquake
A ．Port-au-Prince. B ．Jeremie. C ．Les Cayes. D ．Petit Trou de Nippes.
13 ．What does the underlined part “the job” in Paragraph 3 mean
A ．Dealing with landslides. B ．Searching for survivors.
C ．Observing aftershocks. D ．Doing building safety-checks.
14 ．What do we know about Haiti
A ．It has begun to rebuild after this year’s earthquake.
B ．It has just recovered from the 2010 earthquake.
C ．It suffered from two kinds of hurricanes in 2016.
D ．It has experienced serious disasters in recent years.
15 ．What is Haiti’s attitude to seeking foreign aid
A ．Doubtful. B ．Favored. C ．Cautious. D ．Disapproving.
第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2022· 广西河池 · 高一期末) Unlike hurricanes or floods, earthquakes happen without warning and are
usually followed by similar aftershocks, although the aftershocks are usually less powerful than the quake. If you
find yourself in the middle of an earthquake, there’s often only a short time to decide what to do. ___ 16___
● Drop to the ground. The drop, cover, and hold on technique is the cousin of the famous “stop, drop and roll” for fires. While it’s not the only method of protecting yourself indoors during an earthquake, it is the preferred method of the Red Cross. Big earthquakes occur without much, if any, warning. ___ 17___ A small earthquake could turn into a big earthquake in a split-second; it’s better to be safe than sorry.
● Take cover. Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture. ___ 18___ If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch (蜷缩) in an inside corner of the building.
● Hold on. ___ 19___ Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop. If you were unable to find a surface to hide under, continue to keep your head protected by your arms and tucked (躲藏，隐藏) down low.
● ___20___ Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.
A ．Stay inside until it’s safe to get out.
B ．In that case, move to the nearest safe place.
C ．Stairs are dangerous places to walk during an earthquake.
D ．So it’s recommended that you drop to the floor as soon as it hits.
E ．If possible, stay away from windows and anything that could fall.
F ．The ground maybe shaking and pieces of wood or brick could be falling.
G ．Studying the following advice could be the difference between life and death.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( 2022 · 湖 南 · 长 沙 一 中 高 一 期 末 ) Hurricane Harvey struck Texas over two years ago, and many communities continue to feel its effects today. The areas that were ____21____ most by Harvey were already facing many economic ____22____. After Harvey hit, the people who were ____23____ to meet their basic needs were faced with having to rebuild their lives and their homes as well. ____24____ Harvey and the affected communities, the East Harris County Recovery Project was created to help individuals and families that were hit particularly ____25____ by the hurricane and support them as they ____26____. Good360, a non-profit charity group, is ____27____ to partner with this organization to assist the ____28____ communities.
Good360 donated backpacks to East Harris County Empowerment Council for students returning to school this fall who ____29____ would not have been able to buy new backpacks. The weeks _____30_____ the start of school are particularly hard for families. Parents are often forced to choose between having _____31_____ on the dinner
table, putting gas in the car, and buying school _____32_____ for their children. The donation of backpacks allowed
them to _____33_____ meeting other needs.
One family in the county was especially impacted by this donation. When it came time to buy school items, the mother was _____34_____ that she would not have enough money for her two children in school. Thanks to Good360’s _____35_____, both children received brand new backpacks.
21 ．A ．applied B ．hit C ．funded D ．relieved
22 ．A ．challenges B ．impressions C ．currents D ．services
23 ．A ．signaling B ．struggling C ．confirming D ．marching
24 ．A ．In case of B ．In addition to C ．In response to D ．In place of
25 ．A ．fancy B ．ordinary C ．hard D ．orderly
26 ．A ．recover B ．revise C ．reflect D ．retire
27 ．A ．shocked B ．unlikely C ．anxious D ．proud
28 ．A ．defeated B ．deserted C ．unearthed D ．impacted
29 ．A ．otherwise B ．further C ．entirely D ．moreover
30 ．A ．setting a limit toB ．referring to C ．leading up to D ．giving rise to
31 ．A ．fun B ．food C ．difficulty D ．argument
32 ．A ．games B ．business C ．sources D ．supplies
33 ．A ．focus on B ．occur to C ．draw on D ．bring up
34 ．A ．inspired B ．concerned C ．determined D ．scared
35 ．A ．procedure B ．rescue C ．donation D ．power
第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1. 5 分, 满分 15 分)
(2022·海南 · 高一期末) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答
案填写在答题卡上。
On February 16, 1861, a big earthquake struck Sumatra, an Indonesian island. The earthquake shook the western side of the island, ___36___ (cause ) a tsunami (海啸). That wall of water poured onto shore, destroying towns and taking thousands of ___37___ (life) .
Recently, though, a team of scientists discovered that another earthquake occurred before this deadly event. According to the record, that earthquake ___38___ (start ) in 1829 and lasted for 32 years but no one felt even one shake. This kind of slow-moving earthquake ___39___ (call) “silent earthquakes” because no instrument can find them. Scientists have only begun discovering them because ___40___ the advances in GPS technology in the last twenty years.
___41___ (figure) out what is going on under the ground, scientists need to study earthquakes. Every
earthquake, either small ___42___ big, can teach scientists something about how much the ground will shake in the
future. Unluckily, no one can predict (预测) when an earthquake will hit. Scientists just have to prepare to study all earthquakes ___43___ strike.
But silent earthquakes like the one in Sumatra change the game for scientists. These silent earthquakes happen all over ___44___ world. Sometimes, a silent earthquake happens just before a regular one, both of which might be related. By studying silent earthquakes, scientists hope to better understand regular earthquakes and ___45___ (possible) predict them.
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分 40 分)
第一节(满分 15 分)
46．(2022·湖北 · 十堰市教育科学研究院高一期末) 假定你是李华，你校将举办一场以“Howto survive an earthquake”为主题的讲座。请你写封邮件邀请你的外国朋友 George 参加，内容包括：
1.邮件的目的；
2.讲座的主要内容；
3.讲座的时间和地点。
注意： 1.写作词数应为 80 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear George,
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分 25 分)
47．(2022·湖北 ·鄂州市鄂城区教学研究室高一期中) 阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两
段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The concept of comfort zone ( 舒适 区) refers to a psychological state in which we feel safe and do not experience anxiety or fear. It is a “space” that we know completely and in which we control almost everything.
Your comfort zone represents things you’re familiar with, your regular haunts, friends you’re at ease with, and activities you love doing. Your comfort zone’s risk free. It’s easy. It doesn’t cause you to stretch. Within these boundaries we feel safe and secure.
During my senior year in college I was short a few credits, and so I skimmed through the class schedule looking
for something to fill the hours. When I came across “Private Voice Instruction” as in singing lessons, I thought,
“Why not step outside my comfort zone and give it a try ”
I was careful to sign up for private lessons instead of group lessons because I didn’t want to make a fool of myself by singing in front of other students.
Things went fine until the end of the semester when my singing professor brought the shocking news. “By the way, Sean, have you decided which song you want to sing at the recital ” “What do you mean ” I asked in horror.
“Well, the class requirements state that you have to sing at least one time in front of the other private voice students.”
“That would not be a good idea,” I said emphatically.
“Oh, it’s no big deal. You’ll do fine.”
Well, to me it was a huge deal. The thought of singing in front of a group made me physically sick. “How am I going to get out of this one ” I thought. But I couldn’t allow myself to do that because I had been speaking to various groups over the past year advising them to never let fears make their decisions.
“Courage, Sean.” I kept saying in my mind. “You’ve got to at least try.”
注意： 1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
That frightening day finally arrived.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
I left the classroom as if a heavy load had been lifted.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1 ．B
2 ．B
3 ．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了在灾难时有帮助的几款应用程序。
1．细节理解题。根据 Siren GPS Mobile 下列第二段中“But it also works on Wi-Fi if cellphone networks are down after an emergency. (但如果紧急情况下手机网络中断， 它也可以在 Wi-Fi 上运行。 )”可知， 选项 B“如 果你的手机网络坏了，它就没用了。 ”不是 Siren GPS Mobile 应用程序的特点。故选 B 项。
2 ．细节理解题 。根据 Life360 下列第一段 中 “The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved ones connected. (Life360 应用程序提供了一种让亲人保持联系的服务。)”可知，如果你有 Life360 应用程序，你 能和你社交圈里的人保持联系。故选 B 项。
3．推理判断题。根据 First Aid by American Red Cross 下列段落中“The app can also help with information to help plan for droughts, floods, storms and more. (该应用程序还可以提供信息，有助于对干旱、洪水、风暴等 做出计划。 )”可知， 如果你想提前获得灾难的信息， 最好的选择是 First Aidby American Red Cross。故选 D
项。
4 ．C
5 ．A
6 ．D
7 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在美国， 过去龙卷风经常发生在温暖的夏季， 而现在， 随着
冬季温度越来越高，美国南部地区龙卷风发生的频率也越来越高。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“In the United States, more than 90 people died across six southern states when strong winds known as tornadoes destroyed homes, office buildings and religious centers on Friday night. Victor Gensini, a weather scientist at Northern Illinois University, called the tornado that traveled hundreds of miles on Friday “Remarkable.”(在美国，周五晚上，龙卷风摧毁了房屋、办公楼和宗教中心，造成南部 6 个州 90 多人死亡。 北伊利诺伊大学的气象学家维克多 ·根西尼称周五席卷数百英里的龙卷风为“异常的”) 。”可推断， 这个龙卷 风造成了极大地毁坏。故选 C。
5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Weather scientists said the mixing of the warm and cold air can create “instability (不 稳定)” which produces storms and the fast, spinning (旋转的) winds of tornadoes.(气象学家表示，暖空气和冷 空气的混合会造成“不稳定”，从而产生风暴和快速旋转的龙卷风。 )
”可知，本段讲的是龙卷风是如何形成的。故选 A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“As a result, he said, it is hard to say if the winter tornadoes have something to do with climate change.(因此，他说，很难说冬季龙卷风是否与气候变化有关。)”可知，Harold Brooks 认为冬季龙 卷风和气候变化之间是否有联系并不可知。故选 D。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, as the winter becomes warmer, especially in the southern US, the tornado season will change. More will happen in the winter and fewer will happen in the summer.(然而，随着冬 天变暖，尤其是在美国南部， 龙卷风季节将会改变。冬天会发生更多， 夏天会发生更少。)”可知，Jason Furtado 认为，以后在夏季，龙卷风将会发生的更少。故选项 C。
8 ．A
9 ．C
10 ．A
11 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海啸的危害并举了一些例子。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“As a tsunami approaches the shore, water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow enough, the water may be pulled back hundreds of meters. If you are in the area, observing this is a good indication that a tsunami is on the way. (当海啸接近海岸时，海水可能会从海岸回流。如果它足够浅，水可 能被拉回数百米。如果你在该地区， 观察这是一个很好的迹象， 表明海啸即将来临。) ”可知， 海岸附近的 水向后退去了，可显示海啸即将来临。故选 A。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段“In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people. (2011 年 3 月， 日本东海岸附近的东北地震 引发了海啸， 这是造成 15 000 多人死亡的主要因素。) ”可知， 在日本东北部的地震中， 超过 15000 人死亡， 主要是因为地震引发的海啸。故选 C。
10．词义猜测题。根据划线词前半句“Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time to (处于海啸危险区的地区通常设有预警系统，以便给人们尽可能多的时间) ”可 知，设有预警系统是为了提醒人们尽可能地撤离，所以 evacuate 为“逃离”之意。故选 A。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段“An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200,000 people in 14 countries. In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people. (2004 年 12 月，印度尼西 亚附近的印度洋发生地震， 引发海啸， 造成 14 个国家 20 多万人死亡。 2011 年 3 月， 日本东海岸附近的东
北地震引发了海啸，这是造成 15
000 多人死亡的主要因素。) ”根据印度尼西亚和日本东海岸附近的东北地震死亡人数数字比较可知， 印度 尼西亚海啸的死亡人数比东北部海啸的死亡人数还多。故选 B。
12 ．C13 ．B14 ．D15 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了海地 2010 年和 2021 年发生地震的情况以及 2016 年遭受飓风袭击
的情况。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“The earthquake did serious damage in two nearby cities, Les Cayes and Jeremie, with Les Cayes hit the hardest.”(地震在附近两个城市造成了严重破坏， Les Cayes and Jeremie，其中 Les Cayes 受灾最严重)可知， Les Cayes 受灾最严重。故选 C 项。
13 ．词句猜测题 。根据划线词上文 “Across the area, people were searching through the rubble( 废墟) for survivors.”(整个地区的人们都在废墟中搜寻幸存者)可知， 但地震也造成了山体滑坡， 这使得搜寻幸存者更 加困难。所以划线词指的是“搜寻幸存者”。故选 B 项。
14．细节理解题。根据第一段“On August 14, 2021, Haiti washit by a7.2 magnitude(级数)earthquake.”(2021 年 8 月 14 日，海地发生 7.2 级地震)以及倒数第二段“Haiti has still not fully returned to normal from a 7.0 magnitude earthquake which destroyed much of Port-au-Prince and killed over 200,000 people in 2010. The country suffered again in 2016, when it was pounded(袭击) by Hurricane Matthew, which caused huge damage in Haiti.”(2010 年， 海地发生 7.0 级地震， 摧毁了太子港大部分地区， 造成 20 多万人死亡， 目前海地还没有完全恢复正常。 2016 年，海地再次遭受飓风马修的袭击，造成巨大损失)由此可知，近年来，海地经历了严重的灾害。故选 D 项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Several countries have offered to help Haiti. The government says the country won’t officially ask for outside help until it is clear how much damage there is in all.”(一些国家已经表示愿意帮 助海地。政府表示， 该国不会正式寻求外界帮助， 直到弄清总共的损失有多大)由此判断出， 海地对寻求外 援持谨慎的态度。故选 C 项。
16 ．G17 ．D18 ．E19 ．F20 ．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几条地震时该如何反应的建议。
16．上文“If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake, there’s often only a short time to decide what to do.(如果你发现自己身处地震之中， 通常只有很短的时间来决定该做什么)”说明身处地震中， 决定该做什么 的时间很短， G 项“研究以下建议可能是生与死的区别。 ”承接上文，引出下文内容，符合题意。故选 G。
17．本段标题句“Drop to the ground.(卧倒在地上)”说明本段给出的建议是卧倒在地， D 项中 drop to the floor 是关键短语， D 项“所以建议地震一发生你就卧倒在地。 ”符合本段主旨。故选 D。
18．本段标题句“Take cover.(躲起来)”说明本段给出的建议是躲起来， 以及上文“Getunder a firm table or other
piece of
furniture.(躲到坚硬的桌子或其他家具下面)”说明躲起来时应注意的事项，E 项“如果可能的话，远离窗户 和任何可能坠落的物体。 ”继续介绍躲起来时的注意事项，符合题意。故选 E。
19．下文“Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.(固守你已 经到达的任何表面或平台下边， 等待震动停止)”说明要待在相对安全的地方， 等待震动停止， F 项“地面可 能会晃动，木块或砖块可能会掉落。 ”解释下文动作的原因，符合题意。故选 F。
20．下文“Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.(研究人员已经表明， 大多数伤害发生在人们试 图改变躲藏地点，或当这个地方很拥挤，每个人都有一个目标，以安全逃出的时候)”说明大多数伤害发生
在人们试图改变躲藏的地点或者每个人都想出去时，A 项“待在里面，直到出去是安全的。”说明在确认安 全之前待在里面，引出下文内容，符合题意。故选 A。
21 ．B22 ．A23 ．B24 ．C25 ．C26 ．A27 ．D28 ．D29 ．A30 ．C31 ．B32 ．D33 ．A34 ．B35 ．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了飓风哈维袭击了德克萨斯州之后， 政府和慈善机构帮助灾区人民恢复生
活，度过难关的故事。
21 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受哈维打击最严重的地区已经面临许多经济挑战。A. applied 应用，申请；
B. hit 打击；C. funded 资助；D. relieved 缓解。根据上文“Hurricane Harvey struck Texas”及下文“After Harvey hit”可知，此处指受飓风打击最严重的地区。故选 B 项。
22 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：受哈维打击最严重的地区已经面临许多经济挑战。A. challenges 挑战；B. impressions 印象；C. currents 趋势；D. services 服务。根据后文“the people who were 3 to meet their basic needs were faced with having to rebuild their lives and their homes as well”可知，他们遇到许多经济挑战。 故选 A 项。
23 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈维袭击后， 那些努力满足基本需求的人们面临着重建生活和家园的问题。
A. signaling 发信号；B. struggling 挣扎，奋斗，努力；C. confirming 证实；D. marching 行进。根据前文“After Harvey hit”及后文“to meet their basic needs”可知，在飓风袭击之后，灾民需要努力满足基本需求。故选 B 项。
24 ．考查介词固定短语词义辨析。句意：为了应对哈维和受灾的社区，政府创建了东哈里斯县恢复工程， 以帮助遭受飓风重创的个人和家庭，并在他们恢复时提供支持。A. In case of 万一，如果发生 …… ；B. In addition to 另外；C. In response to 作为回应，应对；D. In place of 替代。根据后文“the East Harris County Recovery Project was created to help individuals and families that were hit particularly 5 by the hurricane” 可知，恢复工程的创建是为了应对飓风给灾区人民带来的灾害。故选 C 项。
25 ．考查形容词(副词) 词义辨析。句意：为了应对哈维和受灾的社区， 政府创建了东哈里斯县恢复工程，
以帮助遭受飓风重创的个人和家庭，并在他们恢复时提供支持。 A. fancy 精致的； B. ordinary 普通的； C.
hard 艰难的， 沉重地， 猛烈地；D. orderly 有序的。根据前文“The areas that were 1 most by Harvey were already facing many economic 2 .”可知， 恢复工程要帮助灾民， 尤其是遭到飓风猛烈打击的灾 民。故选 C 项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了应对哈维和受灾的社区，创建了东哈里斯县恢复工程，以帮助遭受飓 风重创的个人和家庭，并在他们恢复时提供支持。 A. recover 恢复；B. revise 修改；C. reflect 反应；D. retire 退休。根据常识和前文“theEast Harris County Recovery Project”可知， 恢复工程在灾民恢复生活时， 提供支 持。故选 A 项。
27 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Good360 是一家非营利性慈善团体，很荣幸能与该组织合作，帮助受影 响的社区。 A. shocked 震惊的；B. unlikely 不大可能的；C. anxious 焦虑的；D. proud 自豪的。根据前文“a non- profit charity group”和后文“to partner with this organization to assist the 8 communities”可知， 作为一 家非营利慈善机构，能帮助灾民度过难关感到非常自豪。故选 D 项。
28 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Good360 是一家非营利性慈善团体，很荣幸能与该组织合作，帮助受影 响的社区。 A. defeated 被击败的；B. deserted 被遗弃的；C. unearthed 被发掘的；D. impacted 受影响的。基 于前文分析可知，飓风袭击了该地区，所以慈善机构帮助受影响的社区。故选 D 项。
29 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Good360 向东哈里斯县赋权委员会捐赠了背包，以帮助今年秋季返校的学 生，否则他们将无法购买新的背包。 A. otherwise 否则；B. further 进一步；C. entirely 完全地；D. moreover 此外。根据语境和后文“would not have been able to buy new backpacks”可知， 如果得不到帮助， 他们就无法 购买新书包。故选 A 项。
30 ．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：开学前的几周对家庭来说尤其艰难。 A. setting a limit to 将限制设置为；
B. referring to 参考，涉及；C. leading up to 是…… 的先导，是导致…… 的原因；D. giving rise to 引起，导致 (尤指坏事)。根据后文“Parents are often forced to choose between having 11 on the dinner table, putting gas in the car, and buying school 12 for their children.”可知， 在开学的前几周对家庭来说是最 艰难的。故选 C 项。
31 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：父母不得不在餐桌上的食物、给车加油和给孩子买学习用品之间做出选择。
A. fun 乐趣；B. food 食物；C. difficulty 困难；D. argument 争论。根据后文“on the dinner table”可知，此处 指餐桌上的食物。故选 B 项。
32 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：父母不得不在餐桌上的食物、给车加油和给孩子买学习用品之间做出选择。
A. games 游戏；B. business 商业；C. sources 来源；D. supplies 供应，补给， 日用品。根据语境和前文 “school”后文“for the children”可知，此处指学习日用品。故选 D 项。
33 ．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：捐赠背包使他们能够着力于满足其他需求。 A. focus on 关注；B. occur
to 被想起；C. draw on 利用；D. bring up 提出，抚养。基于前文分析可知，灾区的孩子们几乎买不起学习 用品，根据后文“meeting other needs”可知，捐赠背包使他们能够着力于满足其他需求。故选 A 项。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到了买学校用品的时候，这位母亲担心自己没有足够的钱供两个孩子上 学。 A. inspired 受启发的；B. concerned 关注的，担心的；C. determined 坚定的；D. scared 害怕的。基于前 文分析可知，灾区的孩子们几乎买不起学习用品，根据后文“she would not have enough money for her two children in school”可知，妈妈在担心没有足够的钱供孩子上学。故选 B 项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏 Good360 的捐赠，两个孩子都收到了全新的背包。A. procedure 程序；
B. rescue 营救；C. donation 捐赠；D. power 力量。根据前文“Good360 donated backpacks”及后文“both children received brand new backpacks”可知，两个孩子得到 Good360 的捐赠。故选 C 项。
36 ．causing
37 ．lives
38 ．started
39 ．is called
40 ．of
41 ．To figure
42 ．or
43 ．that
44 ．the
45 ．possibly
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无声地震是什么样的地震以及科学家为预测这种地震所做的研
究。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：地震使岛屿的西部震动了，引起了海啸。句中有谓语 shook，空处应用非谓 语动词 causing，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词，故填 causing。
37．考查名词单复数。句意：那堵水墙倾泻到岸上，摧毁了城镇，夺走了成千上万的生命。由 thousands of 可知，此处 life 应用复数形式 lives，故填 lives。
38．考查时态。句意：根据记录，那次地震始于 1829 年，持续了32 年，但没有人感到一丝震动。空处和 lasted 是并列的谓语动词，由 in 1829 可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填started。
39．考查时态和语态。句意：这种缓慢移动的地震被称为“无声地震”，因为没有仪器能够发现它们。空处 在主句中做谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语 This kind of slow-moving earthquake 和动词 call 二者之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动，主语是单数，故填is called。
40．考查介词。句意：由于过去二十年 GPS 技术的进步，科学家们才开始发现它们。 because of 是固定搭 配，意为“因为”，是介词短语，后面接名词，代词或动名词，而 because 是连词，后面接句子，该空后是 名词短语，应用 because of，故填 of。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了弄清楚地下到底发生了什么，科学家们需要研究地震。空处是非谓语动 词做状语， 表示目的， 且动词 figure 和主语 scientists 是主动关系， 应用动词不定式做状语， 单词位于句首， 首字母大写，故填 To figure。
42 ．考查固定搭配。句意：每一次地震，无论大小，都可以告诉科学家未来地面会震动多大。 either...or 是 固定搭配，意为“或者……或者……”，故填 or。
43 ．考查定语从句。句意： 科学家们只需要准备好研究所有的地震。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词 为 earthquakes，指物，在定语从句中做主语，且先行词前由 all 来修饰，只能用关系代词 that 来引导，故 填 that。
44 ．考查固定搭配。句意：这些无声的地震发生在世界各地。all over the world 是固定搭配，意为“世界各 地”，故填 the。
45．考查副词。句意：通过研究无声地震，科学家们希望更好地了解常规地震，并有可能预测它们。动词 predict 应用副词 possibly 来修饰，意为“可能地”，故填 possibly。
46 ．Dear George,
I’m writing to invite you to attend a lecture about “How to survive an earthquake”, which will be held in our school hall next Monday. The relevant details are as follows.
To begin with, an earthquake video will be presented, making us know the horrible result of an earthquake. Then the specialist will give us some guidelines for surviving an earthquake, such as how to signal for help if you are trapped. Though we can't stop earthquakes, the harm they bring us can be reduced if we do the right things.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份写邮件邀请外国朋友 George 参加以“Howto survive an earthquake”为主题的讲座。
【详解】 1.词汇积累
举办： hold→host
首先： to begin with→first of all
参加： attend→take part in
建议： lecture→speech
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： To begin with, an earthquake video will be presented, making us know the horrible result of an earthquake. 拓展句：To begin with, an earthquake video will be presented, whose aim is to make us know the horrible result of an earthquake.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】I’m writing to invite you to attend a lecture about “How to survive an earthquake”,
which will be held in our school hall next Monday. (运用了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型 2】Then the specialist will give us some guidelines for surviving an earthquake, such as how to signal for help if you are trapped.(运用了 if 引导的条件状语从句)
47 ．One possible version:
That frightening day finally arrived. As I entered the classroom, I kept trying to convince myself, “Just cheer up, OK This can’t be that bad. ” Now it was my turn. As I stood in front of the class, which was far away from my comfort zone, I kept repeating to myself, “Courage! Relax! Take it easy! Just perform your best! ” It turned out that I did such a great job that all the students applauded my performance warmly.
I left the classroom as if a heavy load had been lifted. Although that experience nearly killed me, I felt a great sense of personal accomplishment on my way home. I was so proud of myself and I frankly didn’t care what anyone else thought about my performance. What really mattered was that I had survived. Stepping out of your comfort zone will never be easy, but afterward you’ll always be glad you did it.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者以亲身经历讲述了如何走出自己的舒适区。每个人都有自己的舒适区， 在 这个舒适区内，一切都是自己熟悉的，为自己所掌控的，所以会感觉很安全和放松。作者在大四的时候， 因为少了几个学分， 所以打算找点活动来修满学分。在看到声乐课上的《私人声乐指导》时， 想着何不跳 出自己的舒适圈， 于是报了名。但到期末时才知道自己要在众人面前唱歌， 作者想逃避， 但最后还是努力 做到了。
【详解】 1.段落续写
O由第一段首句内容“那可怕的一天终于到来了。”可知，第一段可描述作者在众人面前唱歌当天发生的事。 由第二段首句内容“我走出了教室，仿佛卸下了沉重的负担。”可知，第二段可描述作者完成了这一活动 后的心里想法。
2.续写线索：唱歌那天到来——上台前的心理建设——演唱—— 唱完后的感想
3.词汇激活
行为类
进入教室： enter the classroom / walk into the classroom / get into the classroom / come into the classroom
称赞我的表演：applaud my performance/ clap their hands for my performance / praise me for my performance / compliment me on my performance
情绪类
放轻松、别紧张： take it easy / be relaxed / don’t be nervous
坦白地： frankly / frankly speaking / honestly / to be honest / forthrightly
【 点睛】【 高分句型 1 】As I stood in front of the class, which was far away from my comfort zone, I kept repeating to myself(运用了 as 引导的时间状语从句和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句)
【 高 分 句 型 2 】 I was so proud of myself and I frankly didn’t care what anyone else thought about my performance.(运用了 and 连接的并列句和 what 引导的宾语从句)