人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters Listening and Speaking习题检测（含解析）

Unit 4 Listening and Speaking 习题检测
基础知识自测
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1 ．We must stop the ecological system from __________(destroy) by human activities.
2 ．Adults understand what it feels like______________ (flood) with objects.
3 ．Because of human activities, the soil in this region has been________ (destroy) and turned into desert.
4 ．This autumn, a great number of crops in the area ________________(damage).
5 ．This lock is _________(damage). This door will never open.
6．A 19-meter sperm whale ________ (rescue) from the shores of Xiangshan county in Ningbo, Zhejiang province,
on April 20.
7 ．The _______(die) of Kobe shocked people all over the world.
8 ．Such dangers can have ______ (disaster) impacts not only on the sites themselves but also on people.
二、根据汉语意思填写单词
9 ．The old woman lived a happy life and died a natural____________ (死亡) .
10 ．You told me that you were worried about those bad study habits which ____________(影响) your learning.
11 ．Many scholars are making efforts to ________ (援救；营救) disappearing languages.
12 ．The earthquake is a natural ________ (灾难), which often results in many people being injured or killed.
13 ．The villages __________(毁坏) completely in the earthquake has been rebuilt.
14 ．Large numbers of young people have _____(涌入) into the area in search ofjobs.
15 ．Earthquakes are one of the most deadly natural ________ (灾难) in the world.
16 ．They opened a ________ (避难所) to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless.
学科素养提升
三、阅读理解
(2022·新疆克孜勒苏 · 高一期中) On February 3,1931 the peace of New Zealand's Hawkes Bay region was destroyed when the area was hit by the worst earthquake in New Zealand's history.At 10:46 am on that summer's day,the quake hit with a magnitude of 7.9 on the Richter scale (里氏震级) .The centre of the quake lied some 15 to 20 kilometers north of the two main centers,Napier and Hastings.The quake lasted for two and a half minutes.Many people died in the earthquake.
A fire broke out immediately after the quake.The fire started in a chemist's shop and spread quickly.Then the Fire Department in Napier came to help,but they were at a loss to control the fire as a result of losing their water supply.However,the water supply in Hastings,was still usable,allowing them to fight back against the fire.
The force of the earthquake destroyed many of the city's famous landmarks (地标) .Chunks of the coastline
were thrown into the sea.Napier's Bluff Hill,a popular tourist spot,was completely destroyed and thrown into the waters below.
Most of the major buildings in the city were completely destroyed.Roads and communications across the whole area were cut.People were afraid to enter their homes for days and found shelters at the local Motor Camp or on the beach.There were about 150 aftershocks (余震) in the 24 hours after the main shock.Over the next 2 weeks,there would be 525 such aftershocks.
17 ．The worst earthquake took place in New Zealand_______.
A ．at night B ．in the morning
C ．at noon D ．in the afternoon
18 ．The firefighters in Napier failed to put out the fire probably because_______.
A ．there was no usable water B ．they couldn't get close to it
C ．the flames spread too quickly D ．The wind was very strong
19 ．The last two paragraphs mainly tell us that_______.
A ．there were many places of interest in New Zealand
B ．the earthquake damaged the city seriously
C ．many famous landmarks were thrown into the sea
D ．people were afraid to enter their homes for sleep
20 ．What's the best title for this passage
A ．The 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake
B ．New Zealand's two cities
C ．The great fire after the great earthquake
D ．The city's famous landmarks
四、七选五
Would you know what to do if a fire started in your home Take the time now to review the following safety tips, and your family will be prepared in time of a fire in your home:
___21___
An escape plan can help every member of a family get out of a burning house. The idea is to get outside quickly and safely. ___22___ So it is important to learn and remember the different ways out of your home.
Stay low
If you can see smoke in the house, stay low to the ground as you make your way to the exit. ___23___ You will breathe less smoke if you stay to the ground. Smoke naturally rises, so if there is smoke while you are using
your escape route ，staying low means you can crawl (爬) under most of it.
What if you can’t get out right away
If you can’t get out fast because fire or smoke is stopping an escape route, you will want to yell for help. You can do this from an open window or call 911 if you have a phone with you. ___24___ Then, firefighters will have a hard time finding you. The sooner they find you, the sooner you both can get out.
If your clothes catch fire, what should you do
Your clothes could catch fire during a fire or by accident if you step too close to a candle. If this happens, don’t run! Instead, stop, drop to the ground, cover your face with your hands, and roll. This will cut off the air and put out the flames. ___25___
A ．An easy way to remember this is: Stop, Drop, and Roll!
B ．Smoke from a fire can make it hard to see where things are.
C ．Preventing fires is in the first place!
D ．Know your way out
E ．They will help prepare you for what you need to do in case of a fire.
F ．Even if you are scared, never hide under the bed or in a closet.
G ．In a fire, smoke and poisonous (有毒的) air hurt more people, than the actual flames (火焰) do.
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文,在空白处填人 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021· 河北唐山 · 高一期中) The hurricane happened so quickly. I was siting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap,___26___ the roofjust flew off. All of___27___ sudden, there was sky where the roof had been. The rain was coming down hard and fast. Our street turned into a river in___28___ ( second).
At first, I was___29___ ( please) we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. Without a roof, staying inside was too dangerous. We just had drinking water that was sent___30___ us by helicopter, but it was never enough. I just___31___(spend ) the days watching the boats going up and down the street and Smarie had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
Living in the open air, we became breakfast ，lunch and dinner for the mosquitos. But Mom encouraged us___32___(see) the good side of things. We had lost our home and every thing ，including Smartie.
Although it was only a few days before we___33___ ( rescue), it felt like months. We were taken to another town. Thankfully, Smartie came home just in time.
Now, one year has passed and I'm back home in New Orleans. We have enough confidence to rebuild our homes and our lives. Now we can___34___ ( peaceful) watch the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us____35____ ( strong) to move on.
参考答案：
1 ．being destroyed【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们必须阻止生态系统被人类活动破坏。动名词作宾 语，且 destroy 与 the ecological system 构成被动关系，应用 being done 形式。故填 being destroyed。
2 ．to be flooded【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：成年人理解被杂事淹没的感觉。what 既是主句 Adults understand 的宾语，也是宾语从句的引导词，在宾语从句中还是动词短语 feel like 的宾语；it 作形式主语， 用不定式作真正的主语； Adults 与 flooded 之间是被动关系，应用被动态；故填to be flooded。
3 ．destroyed 【详解】考查语态。句意：由于人类的活动，这个地区的土壤被破坏，变成了沙漠。 soil 与 destroy 之间是被动关系，应用被动态。故填 destroyed。
4 ．were damaged 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：今年秋天，这个地方很多农作物都受到了损害。本句时间 状语是 Thisautumn，说明本句叙述过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时；主语 a great number of crops 与 动词 damage 构成被动关系，所以使用一般过去时的被动语态 were damaged。故填 were damaged。
5 ．damaged 【详解】考查形容词。句意：锁被损坏了。这扇门无法打开。分析句子结构，设空处应用过去 分词 damaged 转换而来的形容词“被破坏的”作表语。故填damaged。
6 ．was rescued 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：4 月 20 日，一条 19 米长的抹香鲸在浙江省宁波 市象山县海岸获救。根据句中时间状语 on April 20 可知，用一般过去时。主语 A 19-meter sperm whale 与 rescue 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填 was rescued。
7 ．death 【详解】考查名词。句意：科比的死震惊了全世界。分析句子结构可知，空处需用名词作主语；die 的名词 death“死亡”作主语，符合题意；此处特指科比的死亡，名词需用单数。故填death。
8 ．disastrous【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种危险不仅会对网站本身产生灾难性的影响，还会对人们产 生影响。根据空后名词 impacts 可知，设空处应用形容词作定语。disaster 是名词，意为“灾难”，其形容词 形式是 disastrous。故填 disastrous。
9 ．death【详解】考查名词。句意：老妇人过着幸福的生活， 自然地死去了。分析句子，设空处应该填写 名词作宾语。根据汉语提示， death 意为“死亡”，为名词。故填 death。
10 ．affected##influenced【详解】考查动词。句意：你告诉我你担心那些不良的学习习惯会影响你的学习。 根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词 affect 或者influence ，由空前时态可知，句子描述过去的事情， 应用一般过去时。故填 affected/influenced。
11 ．rescue 【详解】考查动词。句意：许多学者正在努力拯救正在消失的语言。根据汉语提示可知， rescue 援救， 营救， 动词， 结合短语 make efforts to do sth. ，意为“做出努力做某事”，空前的 to 是不定式符号， 空 处应填动词原形。故填 rescue。
12 ．disaster 【详解】考查名词。句意：地震是一种自然灾害，经常导致许多人受伤或死亡。根据汉语提示 可知， disaster 灾难，可数名词，符合题意；由空前不定冠词 a 可知，空处名词需用单数。故填 disaster。
13 ．destroyed 【详解】考查时态。句意：在地震中完全毁坏的村庄已经重建起来。根据词义提示可知，使 用动词 destroy， 它作后置定语修饰 villages， 与 villages 构成被动关系，使用过去分词的形式。故填 destroyed。
14 ．flooded 【详解】考查动词。句意：数以万计的年轻人涌入这个地区寻找工作。根据句子结构和汉语提 示可知，动词 flood“涌入”符合题意，此处应用其过去分词形式和 have 构成现在完成时。故填flooded。
15 ．disasters【详解】考查名词。句意：地震是世界上最致命的自然灾害之一。根据汉语提示“灾难”可知， 应用名词 disaster 作宾语， one of...后加可数名词的复数形式，意为“……之一”。故填入 disasters。
16 ．shelter【详解】考查名词。句意：他们开了一个避难所，为该市的无家可归者提供临时住所。根据句 意以及汉语提示，空处应用名词 shelter，表示“避难所”，空前出现不定冠词 a ，空处应填名词的单数形式， 作动词 opened 的宾语。故填 shelter。
17 ．B 18 ．A 19 ．B 20 ．A
【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍的是新西兰的霍克斯湾在 1931 年所发生的一次严重的地震。这次 地震造成了财产的大量的损失以及人员的伤亡， 海岸线被破坏了， 旅游景点也破坏了、城市以及道路都遭
到严重损失，给人们生活带来极大不便。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句 At 10：46 am on that summer's day ， the quake hit with a magnitude of 7.9 on the Richter scale (里氏震级)(夏季的一天上午 10：46，发生了 7.9 级地震)可知，在新西兰那次 最严重的地震是在上午发生的故选 B。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的but they were at a loss to control the fire as a result of losing their water supply (但是由于没有水供应，他们无法控制火势) 可知，Napier 的消防员们无法将火扑灭主要是因为他 们没有水。故选 A
19．主旨大意题。根据最后两段 Chunks of the coastline were thrown into the sea. Napier's Bluff Hill, a popular tourist spot, was completely destroyed and thrown into the waters below…Most of the major buildings in the city were completely destroyed. Roads and communications across the whole area were cut. People were afraid to enter their homes for days and found shelters at the local Motor Camp or on the
beach. (大块大块的海岸线被抛入大海。纳皮尔的断崖山， 一个很受欢迎的旅游景点， 被完全摧毁了， 并 被扔进了下面的水里……整个地区的道路和通讯都被切断。几天来， 人们不敢进入自己的家， 只能在当地 的汽车营地或海滩上寻找避难所) 可判断出，这两段主要介绍的是这次地震对这个城市所造成的严重破 坏． 海岸线被破坏了， 旅游景点也破坏了、城市以及道路都遭到严重损失， 给人们生活带来极大不便。由 此可知，地震对城市破坏严重。故选 B。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可判断出，本文主要介绍的是新西兰的霍克斯湾在 1931 年所发生的一次 严重的地震，以及给这座城市所带来的损害。A 项能体现了本文的核心，适合用作本文的标题。故选 A。
21 ．D 22 ．B 23 ．G 24 ．F 25 ．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是在家里发生火灾时应做好哪些准备。
21．此空是一个小标题， 根据下文小标题， 可知应该用短小精悍的祈使句， 在 B/D 中选择。再根据下文提 示“一个逃生计划可以帮助每个家庭成员从着火的房子里出来。 ”由此推知， D 项 Know your way out (知道 你的逃生出路)切题。故选 D。
22．下文提示“所以了解和记住走出家门的不同方式是很重要的。 ”承接下文，B 项 Smoke from a fire can make it hard to see where things are. (火冒出来的烟会使人很难看清东西在哪里。)切题。故选 B。
23．上文提示“如果你能看到房子里有烟，在你往出口走的时候，离地面低一点。”承接上文，G 项 In a fire, smoke and poisonous (有毒的) air hurt more people, than the actual flames (火焰) do. (在火灾中，烟雾和 有毒的空气比火焰更伤人。)切题。前后是一种因果关系，故选 G。
24．根据下文提示“那么， 消防员将很难找到你。 ”承接下文， F 项 Even if you are scared, never hide under the bed or in a closet. (即使你害怕，也不要躲在床底下或壁橱里。)切题。故选 F。
25．上文提示“如果发生这种情况，不要跑!相反，停下来，倒在地上，用手捂住脸，然后滚。这将切断空 气， 扑灭火焰。 ”承接上文， A 项 An easy way to remember this is: Stop, Drop, and Roll! (记住这一点的一个 简单方法是：停止、下降和滚动!)切题。故选 A。
26 ． when 27 ． a 28 ． seconds 29 ． pleased 30 ． to 31 ． spent 32 ． to see 33 ． were rescued 34 ．peacefully 35 ．strength
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是在遭受飓风之后，作者一家如何应对现状以及返乡后的心态。 26 ．考查连词。句意：我正在屋子里坐着， Smartie 在我的膝盖上坐着，这时屋顶突然就掉下来了。此处
为常用句式 be doing sth. + when +其他，意为“正在做某事的时候突然发生了另外一件事情”。故填 when。
27．考查固定短语。此处为常用短语 all of a sudden，意为“突然”。故填 a。
28．考查名词复数。句意：我们的街道几秒种后就被水淹没了。提示词 second 为可数名词，in seconds 意
为“几秒钟后” 。.故填 seconds。
29 ．考查形容词。句意：刚开始的时候，我们能待在家，我感到很开心。was 是 be 动词，后面要加形容 词来形容人的心情，故填 pleased。
30．考查介词。句意：我们只有直升机给我们送来的饮用水。此处为动词短语 sth be sent to sb 。 故填 to。
31 ．考查动词时态。句意：我整天看着船在街道起起伏伏。空格处作谓语，且是过去发生的动作，要用一 般过去时态。故填 spent。
32．考查动词短语。句意：但是妈妈鼓励我们看到事物的光明面。此处 encourage sb to do sth，意为“鼓励 某人做某事”。故填 to see。
33．考查动词被动语态。句意：但是几天之后我们才获救。空格处作谓语，是过去发生的动作，且主语是 动作的承受者，故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是 we ，故填 were rescued。
34．考查副词。句意：现在我们可以平静地望着新奥尔良州的星星。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修 饰 watch。故填 peacefully。
35．考查名词。句意：他们的美激励着我们，给我们力量以继续前行。根据短语“givesb. sth.”可知，空格 处填写名词。故填 strength。