人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking习题检测（含解析）

Unit 4 Reading and Thinking 习题检测
基础知识自测
一、根据汉语意思填写单词
1 ．So I would need oxygen tanks placed on my back so I could ____________(呼吸) all the time.
2 ．She_____(遭受，忍受) from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.
3 ．I question the ___________(明智) of giving a child so much money.
4 ．___________(埋头于) in the attractive story, he didn’t notice his teacher staring at him.
5 ．Government organized rescue teams to dig out those who were _________ (困住) in the earthquake.
6 ．In fifteen seconds a large city lay in ___________(废墟)
7 ．The number of families seeking food supplies rose by 12________(百分比).
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
8 ．With the quake shaking the town, some people ran up and down while others who __________ (trap) in the buildings were looking out of their windows for help.
9 ．He was sitting with his head____________ (bury) in a book.
10 ．The cancer________ (suffer) received many letters of support from his friends and relatives.
11 ．The hurricane has caused terrible ________ (suffer) to the local people.
12 ．The man is suffering _______a horrible pain in the leg.
13 ．People were_________(shock) to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother. The ________ (shock) news_______(shock) all the people around, which was also a shock to her father who was working abroad.
14 ．When you are panicked or frightened, you may have difficulty________(breathe).
15 ．When feeling stressed, most people tend _________(breathe)short, shallow breaths.
16 ．His family business was ________(ruin) in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.
17 ．Years of fighting have left the area ________ ruins.
18 ．He talks about Rome as if he ________(be)there before.
19 ．We have to wait until the discussion between them comes ________ an end.
20 ．Of the six people injured in the terrible accident, only two ________(survive).
学科素养提升
三、阅读理解
A
(2021·浙江 · 效实中学高一期中) On the day the tornado hit, there was no sign that the fierce weather was on its way —the sky was blue and the sun had been out. The first warning my husband, Jimmy, 67, and I, 65, got came around 9 p.m., from some text on the TV Jimmy was watching. He ran upstairs to find me in our third-floor
bedroom, and we changed the channel from the national television to our local Pensacola, Florida, station.
Soon the tornado was on top of us. It was the loudest thing I had ever heard. The house shook, and the power went out. And the wind began to roar (咆哮) through the house, most likely through windows and the door to our garage. Everything was moving. And the back wall of the house came off and flew into the darkness outside. We had three flights of steps to get to the storeroom down there, the relative safety of the first floor.
I didn't know how or if we would make it down the steps. It felt as if there was no floor as the wind lifted me off my feet. As we finally reached the last flight of steps, our front door blew open. Suddenly, a three-foot-long tree branch (树枝) flew over our heads, missing us by inches.
By the time I reached the storeroom, the tornado had been over us for about a minute, Jimmy pushed me down to the storeroom floor, but he couldn't get inside himself because of the wind. I held Jimmy's arm as the tornado blew the door open. My knees were full of glass, but I felt no pain. If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out of the house.
All of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet. I thought he was gone. And then everything stopped. He landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldn't believe it was over. Our neighbor said the storm lasted four minutes. In that time, four of the twelve town houses in our unit were completely destroyed. Luckily, none of us were
seriously injured.
21 ．Where did the couple learn about the coming fierce weather
A ．From the dark sky.
B ．From the radio station.
C ．From the news report on TV.
D ．From the text sent by their neighbors.
22 ．What can we infer from Paragraph 2 about the couple
A ．They had no place to hide.
B ．They tried to get out of the house.
C ．Their garage was blown into pieces.
D ．Their house was badly destroyed.
23 ．What do we know about Jimmy when the author reached the storeroom
A ．He was in great danger.
B ．He flew out of the house.
C ．He was seriously injured.
D ．He got inside the storeroom.
24 ．What is the best title of this text
A ．The tornado hitting Florida
B ．A couple stopping a disaster
C ．The wind roaring through the house
D ．A couple keeping alive from a disaster
B
Natural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning. Earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, droughts, typhoons, and hurricanes are all natural disasters.
The earthquake of 26 December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a massive underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean. This caused a huge tsunami (海啸) to cross the Indian Ocean. It destroyed coastlines and communities and brought death and destruction to many people. The survivors needed fresh water, food and shelter as well as medical help. People from all over the world gave money.
The surface of the Earth has not always looked as it does today; it is moving continuously (although very slowly) and has done so for billions of years. This is one cause of earthquakes,when one section of the Earth crashes with another. Scientists can predict where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line. However, earthquakes do not always happen on Fault lines, which is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable.
All the disasters are very dangerous and continue to kill thousands of people each year, but they are nowhere near the most dangerous disaster to ever happen on earth. One type of event in the earth's history has regularly killed millions of beings: asteroid (小行星) impacts (撞击) . About once every million years the Earth is hit by a piece of rock and ice from space large enough to cause massive destruction (including earthquakes, volcanoes and ice ages) and sometimes to kill entire species. Sixty-five million years ago more than half the earth's species were killed by such a disaster, including all the dinosaurs (恐龙) . Disasters on the Earth may seem dangerous, but the biggest threat to humans is likely to come from space.
25 ．What did the world do when the tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean
A ．They gave away money to the beggars.
B ．They sponsored to help the people survive.
C ．They donated their possessions to the survivors.
D ．They helped rebuild the coastlines and communities.
26 ．What can scientists predict about earthquakes
A ．The possible time. B ．The possible climate.
C ．The possible place. D ．The possible frequence.
27 ．Which is the best heading that matches Paragraph 3
A ．What do earthquakes destroy B ．Why do earthquakes happen
C ．How can we prevent earthquakes D ．Which is the most dangerous natural disaster
28 ．Where does the author think the most dangerous natural disaster will come from
A ．Space. B ．Earth. C ．Humans. D ．Wild animals.
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some countries have a large number ____29____ earthquakes and Japan is one of them, while others do not have so many earthquakes. For example, there are few earthquakes in Britain Earthquakes are ____30____ (frighten) when they break out.
There is often a great noise during ____31____ earthquake. The ground shakes. Houses fall down. Railways are destroyed, ____32____ causes trains to run off. Sometimes thousands ofpeople ____33____ (injure) in different ways. About 60,000 people were killed in the earthquake in 1783 in the south of Italy. Some people say that earthquakes often hap-pen near volcanoes( 火 山 ), but this is not true. The ____34____ (centre) of some earthquakes are under the sea. The bottom of the sea suddenly moves. The ____35____ (power) forces inside the earth break the rocks. The coast is shaken and great waves appear. These waves travel long distances and rush over the land when they reach it, breaking down houses and other buildings, even more than the earthquake ____36____ (it). What kind of building stays up best in an earthquake The Americans care-fully studied the results of the earthquake at San Francisco and ____37____ (believe) it is best for buildings to be made with concrete( 水泥) walls held together by steel frames(钢筋框架). Such buildings won't burn or fall _____38_____ (easy).
参考答案：
1 ．breathe 【详解】考查动词。句意：所以我需要把背着氧气罐，这样我就可以一直呼吸。情态动词 could 后接动词原形。动词 breathe (呼吸)符合句意。故填breathe。
2 ．suffered【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她遭受孤独的痛苦，但是她必须学会喜欢在那里。根据汉语提 示“遭受，忍受”可知，此处为动词 suffer，根据后面的 had to 可知，句子用一般过去时态，故填 suffered。
3 ．wisdom【详解】考查名词。句意：我怀疑给孩子这么多钱是否明智。空处应填名词作宾语，结合汉语 提示可知， wisdom 明智，智慧，不可数名词。故填 wisdom。
4 ．Buried【详解】考查过去分词。句意：埋头这个迷人的故事，他没有注意到他的老师盯着他看。 根据 句意和汉语提示用 bury“埋葬；把 ……埋进……” ，be buried in“ 埋头于” ，bury 与逻辑主语 he 是被动关系， 用过去分词作状语，故填 Buried。
5 ．trapped【详解】考查被动语态。句意：政府组织了救援队把被困在地震中的人挖出来。根据所提示的 汉语“困住”为“trap”，结合句意为动词的被动语态，空处需填过去分词。故填trapped。
6 ．ruins【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：一座大城市在 15 秒内就成了废墟。in ruins 是固定搭配，表示“成 为废墟”，故填 ruins。
7．percent 【详解】考查名词。句意：寻求食物供应的家庭增加了 12%。根据所给出汉语提示并结合前文“rose
by ________(上升了……)”语境可知，应是名词“percent”，与空前“12”结合，构成“12percent(百分之十二)” 作介词“by”的宾语。故填 percent。
8 ．were trapped【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：随着地震震动着城镇，一些人跑来跑去，而其他被 困在建筑物中的人则从窗户向外寻求帮助。分析句子可知， 此处应填动词作谓语， 与主语 who 之间是被动 关系，who 指代先行词others，意为“其他人”，为复数形式，结合语意可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动 语态结构，此处意为“被困”，应用 were trapped。故填 were trapped。
9 ．buried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他坐在那里埋头看书。句中 was 为谓语动词，设空处应该使用 非谓语动词。 be buried in“埋头于”，是固定搭配，此处作状语，应省略 be。故填 buried。
10 ．sufferer【详解】考查名词。句意：这位癌症患者收到了许多亲友的支持信。空格后是谓语动词 receive，因此得出空格应该使用 suffer 的名词形式作主语，结合句意，应表示“癌症患者”。故填 sufferer。
11 ．suffering 【详解】考查名词。句意：飓风给当地人民造成了可怕的灾难。分析句式结构再根据 terrible 可知，此处应该用名词作宾语，所以此处应该用提示词的名词形式 suffering 符合题意。故填suffering。
12 ．from【详解】考查介词。句意：这个人的腿疼得厉害。suffer from 遭受，受……之苦，固定短语。故 填 from。
13 ． shocked shocking
shocked【详解】考查形容词，动词和时态。句意：人们看到这个小女孩经常被继母殴打，感到震惊。这 个令人震惊的消息震惊了周围的所有人， 这对她在国外工作的父亲也是一件震惊的事。 v-ing 形式的形容词 表示“感到……”；常用来修饰人， v-ed 形式的形容词表示“令人……”，常用来修饰物。所以第一空用 shocked 表示“感到吃惊的”作表语；第二空用shocking 表示“令人震惊的”作定语，修饰名词 news；第三空在句中作 谓语动词，结合后文定语从句中的 was ，可知句子时态是一般过去时，动词使用过去式 shocked。故填 ①shocked ②shocking③shocked。
14 ．breathing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你惊慌或害怕时，你可能会呼吸困难。分析句子，have difficulty in doing sth 为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”。该短语中 in 可以省略，后面需接动名词作宾语。 breathe 为动词，意为“呼吸”，故填 breathing。
15．to breathe 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当感到压力时， 大多数人往往会呼吸困难、短促。 tend to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“往往会”，不定式作宾语。故填 to breathe。
16 ．ruined【详解】考查被动语态。句意：他的家族企业在 20 世纪 30 年代初的经济大萧条中破产了。分 析句子可知， “ruin”意为“使破产”，动词词性， “family business”和“ruin”为被动关系， 故句子应用一般过去 时的被动语态，空格处应用“ruin”的过去分词“ruined”。故填 ruined。
17 ．in【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：多年的斗争让这片地区成为废墟。in ruins，意为“一片废墟”，是一 个固定搭配。故填 in。
18 ．had been【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他说起罗马好像他以前去过似的。分析句子可知，此句 as if 引导的从句使用的是虚拟语气，此处表示的是与过去事实相反的事情，故用过去完成时。故填 had been。
19 ．to【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。句意：我们必须等到他们之间的讨论结束。come to an end 意为“结 束”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词 to。故填to。
20 ．survived【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在那次可怕的事故中受伤的六人中，只有两个人幸存下来。 根据语境，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填 survived。
21 ．C 22 ．D 23 ．A 24 ．D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文， 讲述了作者和丈夫遭遇龙卷风的袭击， 不离不弃相互扶持， 最终幸运存活下
来，并且都没有受伤的故事。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The first warning... from some text on the TV Jimmy was watching”可知， 作者和丈夫是从电视上的新闻报道中得知龙卷风的消息的，故选 C。
22 ．推理判 断题 。根据第二段 中 的 “And the back wall of the house came off and flew into the darkness outside.( 房子的后墙掉了下来，飞进了外面的黑暗中。 )”可知，他们的房子损坏严重，故选 D。
23．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out of the house.( 如果我放
手， Jimmy 就会飞出家门。 )”可知， Jimmy 差点被吹飞了，因此， Jimmy 处于危险之中，故选 A。
24．主旨大意题。根据首句“On the day the tornado hit, there was no sign that the fierce weather was on its way — the sky was blue and the sun had been out.( 龙卷风来袭的那天，没有迹象表明恶劣的天气即将来临——天空 是蓝色的，太阳已经出来了。)”及全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者和丈夫遭遇龙卷风的袭击，不离不弃相 互扶持，最终幸运存活下来的故事。 “一对从灾难中幸存下来的夫妇”最适合作文章标题。故选 D。
25 ．B 26 ．C 27 ．B 28 ．A
【分析】这是一篇科普说明文。文章通过讲述 2004 年 12 月 26 日发生在印度洋底的地震以及其产生的海 啸，说明自然灾害在不知情的情况下会以不同的方式发生；另外讲述了为什么地震如此危险和不可预测的 科学原理；接下来讲述 6500 万年前发生的恐龙大灭绝事件告诉我们所有这些自然灾害发生产生的结果是
灾难性的，但对我们人类威胁最大最具灾难性的是太空来物。
25 ．细节理解题。通过审题定位于第二段末尾：The survivors needed fresh water, food and shelter as well as medical help. People from all over the world gave money.幸存者需要新鲜的水， 食物和帐篷， 同时需要医疗救 援。来自于全世界的人们都捐款了。从这里可以看出他们的幸存靠的是全世界人的捐助和援助。这里 sponsor 是支援，赞助的意思，取其转义，捐助。因此 B 选项：They sponsored to help the people survive.“他们捐助 以帮助那里的人生存下来。 ”切合文意。故选 B。
26 ．细节理解题。审题得知：科学家可以预测地震的什么。定位于：Scientists can predict where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line.科学家能预测哪里可能发生这些地震 ……。故 C 选项： the possible place 切合文意。故选 C。
27．推理判断题。审题得知， 第三段最佳标题是什么。浏览信息得知：This is one cause of earthquakes, when one section of the Earth crashes with another. 这是地震的原因之一，当地球的一部分撞击另一部分时，产生 地震。这里关键词为 cause。然后下文讲科学家可以预测地震发生在什么地方。这些都是在告诉我们产生 地震的原因是什么。故最佳标题应该与这个有关。而 B 选项：Why do earthquakes happen “为什么会发生地 震？ ”切合文意。故选 B。
28 ．细节理解题。审题可以确定关键词信息为：the most dangerous natural disaster 和 come from；因此定位 于整个文章最后一句：Disasters on the Earth may seem dangerous, but the biggest threat to humans is likely to come from space.地球上的灾难也许看起来很危险， 但对人类最大的威胁好像来自于太空。这句话自然点明 了答案为 A 选项 space。故选 A。
29 ． of 30 ． frightening 31 ． an 32 ． which 33 ． are
injured 34 ．centres 35 ．powerful 36 ．itself 37 ．believed 38 ．easily
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地震的发生，带来的危害，以及在建筑时的预防措施。
29．考查短语。句意：有些国家有大量的地震发生， 日本就是其中之一。短语 a number of 许多大量，故 填 of。
30．考查形容词。句意：当地震发生时，是非常令人恐怖的。修饰 earthquake 指物用-ing 结尾的形容词。 故填 frightening。
31 ．考查冠词。句意：在地震中经常会有非常嘈杂的声音。earthquake 可数名词表泛指，且以元音音素开 头，要用 an ，故填 an。
32 ．考查定语从句。句意：铁路被毁，导致火车不能运行。分析句子结构可知此处是非限制性定语从句， 先行词是前边的一句话，由 which 指代在句中作主语，故填which。
33 ．考查被动语态。句意：有时会有成千上万的人以不同的方式受伤。Sometimes ，标志了一般现在时， 而 people 和injure 之间为动宾关系，要使用一般现在时的被动语态，故填 are injured。
34 ．考查名词。句意：有些地震的震中心在海下。 The 决定后边用名词，而 earthquakes 决定了center 要使 用相应的复数，故填 centres。
35．考查形容词。句意：地球内部的强大力量冲破了岩石。由设空后的名词可知前需用形容作定语，故填 powerful。
36 ．考查反身代词。句意：这些海浪长途跋涉， 然后飞越陆地， 当他们到达时， 房屋和其他建筑都倒塌了， 甚至超过地震本身的破坏力。结合句意可知 itself，指代的就是前边的 earthquake，充当同位语，故填 itself。
37．考查时态。句意：美国人仔细地研究了旧金山的地震结果，认为建筑最好用钢框架将混凝土墙固定在 一起。 And 并列连接两个谓语动词，由 studied 可知 believe 也应使用一般过去时，故填believed。
38．考查副词。句意：这样的建筑不会很容易被烧毁或者是倒塌。修饰 fall 动词要使用副词，故填easily。