牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar重点词汇课件(共33张PPT)

(共33张PPT)
必修三 Unit 4
Grammar Usage-Integrated skills 词汇
范围:penicillin-standout
1. penicillin/ pen s l n/ n. 青霉素，盘尼西林
2. *mould /m ld/ (AmE mold) n. 霉菌；模具；类型
vt. 浇铸；塑造
3. *bacteria /b k t ri / n. (sing. bacterium)细菌
单数：bacterium
bacterial. adj. 细菌的
包围；环绕；围困：
To some people, happiness is being surrounded by family
and friends.
Surrounded by the enemies, he was still struggling.
与……紧密相关：
some issues surrounding alcohol abuse
4. surround vt
sb/sth be surrounded by/with... 某人/某物被...围绕/包围（常省去be，在句中做状语或后置定语）
【词汇拓展】
surrounding
adj [只用于名词前] 周围的 (nearby)：
the surrounding area
surroundings
n [用复数] 周围的事物；环境 (environment)：
My dream is to work in pleasant surroundings.
in (towards 向、对着) + dic (to say 说) + -ate (动词后缀) → 对着人说 → 指示
5. indicate vt
[正式用语] 指示；指出 to direct sb’s attention to sb / sth, especially by pointing：
The arrow on a sign indicates the way to go.
表明；显示 (show) ：
The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.
The study indicates a connection between poverty and crime.
示意；暗示 to say or do sth to make your wishes, intentions etc. clear：
In his letter, he indicated his willingness to cooperate.
He smiles and nods, indicating that everything is fine.
indication n [C] & [U] 迹象；表示；标示
基本义
课文
6. accident
You never know which will come first, tomorrow or accident.
明天和意外，你永远不知道哪个先来。
accident n
[C] 事故：
avoid / meet / cause an accident
He was killed in a car accident.
Ken had an accident at work and had to go to hospital.
[C] & [U] 偶然的事；意外的事 sth that happens unexpectedly and is not planned in advance：
The discovery was a happy accident.
词源解读：ac- (to 朝向) + cid (to fall 落下) + -ent → 突然落向人身上的事 → 意外、事故
by accident 偶然地；意外地 反 on purpose：
Yesterday when I was wandering on the pavement near a park, I met an old neighbour by accident (by chance).
accidental adj 意外的；偶然的
accidentally adv 意外地；偶然地 (by accident (by chance))：
I stepped on a young man’s foot accidentally. 2009 江西书面表达
accident, event 辨析
accident 多指偶然或意外发生的不幸的事情。
a traffic accident
event 尤指历史上的重大事件，还可以表示国际、国内的大事以及体育比赛项目。
the chief events of 2021
7. intelligent / n tel d nt/ adj. 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的
一个聪明的女孩：an intelligent girl
intelligence . n. 智力；智能[U]
artificial intelligence 人工智能 (AI)
: unintelligent. adj. 不聪明的
8. favour
翻译句子：
我遇到了一些麻烦。你能帮我个忙吗
I have some trouble. Could you help me
高级表达：do me a favour
[C] 恩惠；善意行为：
Can you do me a favour and tell Kelly I’m here
Can I ask you a favour
[U] 好感；喜爱：
Of the two different books, the second one wins my favour.
A mother must not show favour to one child more than another.
指具体行为
favour n
指情感
do sb a favour = do a favour for sb
帮某人的忙
ask sb a favour 请求某人帮忙
[U] 赞同；支持：
in favour of
Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready.
in sb’s favour
This situation is in our favour at the moment.
指态度
favour v
较喜欢 to prefer sb / sth to another
Fortune favours the prepared mind / the brave.
favo(u)rable adj
赞成的；有利的；讨人喜欢的
《埃涅阿斯纪》（Aeneid）
课文改
in favour of... 支持...
in sb’s favour 对某人有利
9. politician / p l t n/ n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者
（常作贬义）
politics. n. 政治学
political. adj. 政治的
10. *lightning / la tn / n. 闪电
一道闪电：a flash of lightning
thunder. n. 雷
11. electricity / lek tr s ti/ n. 电，电能
electricity supply 电力供应
electric. adj. 电的，发电的(electric通常指使用或产生电力的) （电流：electric current）
electrical. adj. 用电的，与电相关的(electrical与更概括的名词如equipment（电器设备）和wiring（供电线路），以及与电有关的事物搭配)（电气设备：electrical equipment）
electronic. adj . 电子的（电子设备: electronic device）
12. theory/ θ ri/ n.学说，论；原理；看法，意见
我们应当把理论应用到实践上。
We should apply theory to practice.
in theory 理论上；按理说
13. thunderstorm/ θ nd st m/ n.雷雨，雷暴
thunder+storm
14. *ribbon / r b n/ n. 带子，丝带；带状物
15. metal / metl/ n. 金属
a piece of metal 一块金属
16. charge
根据词源可知，charge名词的词源义是“负荷”，在此基础上衍生出各层释义。
charge和car（车）同源，来自拉丁语carrus（一种两轮货车，即装载货物的车），由这个拉丁语衍生而来的单词都跟“装载、承载”有关，比如cargo（货物），carriage（马车；客车车厢），carry（携带；搬运），career （职业）以及charge。
词源解读
[U] 主管；负责：
① in charge (of sth):
He is in charge of the company.
② in/under sb’s charge:
The company is in the charge of him./in his charge.
③ take charge of:
He took charge of the company after his father’s death.
charge n
in the charge of = in one’s charge 被掌管，由...负责
in charge of 主管,掌管;负责
take charge of 负责，接管
[C] & [U] 费用；价钱：
Delivery is free of charge.
[C] 指控；罪名：
She was arrested on the charge of theft.
[C] & [U] 电荷；电量：
on charge
a positive / negative charge
free of charge 免费
vt & vi（向……）收费；开价：
charge sb some money for sth 因某事而向某人收...费
I wonder how much you charge for your services. 2009 安徽
The restaurant only charged me $40 (for wine).
charge v
vt 指控；控告：
charge sb with (doing) sth:
She is charged with murdering her husband.
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控/控告/指责某人(做了)某事
vt & vi（给……）充电：
You don’t have to charge your mobile phone all night.
charger n [C] 充电器
vi & vt（向……）冲；进攻：
When lions are ready to attack a deer, they will wait patiently and can charge at any second.
负荷
（基本义）
charge
罪名的负荷
金钱的负荷
责任的负荷
负责
费用
指控
电荷的负荷
电量
charge语义网络图
n
（向……） 收费；开价
指控；控告
（给……）充电
（向……） 冲；进攻
v
17. electric / lektr k/ adj. 电的，发电的，电动的
electric. adj. 电的
电流：electric current
电击，触电：electric shock
electrical. adj. 电的
电气设备：electrical equipment
electronic. adj . 电子的
电子设备： electronic device
18. *bang /b / n. 突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击
vi. & vt. 砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞
房子外面有一声巨响。
There was a loud bang outside the house.
with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响
聚会十分成功。
The party went with a bang.
19. standout / st nda t/ adj. 突出的 n. 突出的人（或物）
adj.: He is a standout scientist.
他是一位杰出的科学家。
n.: He was the standout in yesterday’s match.
他是昨天比赛中的突出人物。
outstanding. adj. 杰出的，优秀的
一位杰出的教授：an outstanding professor
随堂检测
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Some light showers have been forecast（预报）since last month, but all of them have been effective in ____________ (surround) areas. （2017 全国）
2. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa ______________ (surround) a low glass-top wooden table. （2013 四川）
3. When I headed toward the center, I found myself ______________ (surround) by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe. （2009 重庆）
4. Bill Gates has historically surrounded himself ______________ smart people, and he’s famously thirsty for knowledge.
surrounding
surrounding
surrounded
with
surround
二、根据所给提示，翻译下列句子。
1. 湖边树木环绕。（被动句）
______________________________________
2. 我很快适应了新的环境。
______________________________________
3. 要和积极向上的人在一起，他们会激励你做得更好。（2016 浙江）（who引导的定语从句）
______________________________________
The lake is surrounded by trees.
I soon got used to my new surroundings.
Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better.
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast. ______
2. She took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us. ______
3. Ralph patted the sofa to indicate that she should join him. ______
4. Kingston-upon-Thames, as the name indicates, is situated on the banks of the Thames. ______
indicate
表明
指出
示意
正如其名称所示
根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. His left knee was hurt in ___________________（一场交通事故）.
2. The train ___________________（出了事故）and many passengers were injured.
3. The baby knocked the vase off ___________________（意外地）.
4. Meeting you was the most ___________________（美丽的意外）in my life.
a traffic accident
accident
had an accident
by accident
beautiful accident
根据所给汉语及提示，完成下列句子。
1. My sister was against my suggestion while my brother ____________________（支持）it. (n)
2. The exchange rate is ______________________（对我们有利）at the moment.
3. ____________________________（请帮我个忙）— invite my friend Mr Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.（2009 湖南）
4. Both countries seem to _____________________（支持这项协议）. (v)
favour
Please do me a favour
favour the agreement
was in favour of
in our favour
一、在横线上写出画线词的汉语释义。
_________ 1. Admission（门票）is at normal charges and you don’t need to
book.（2015 全国）
_________ 2. I agree to his suggestion on the condition that he drops all charges.
（2010 辽宁）
_________ 3. Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.
（2011 福建）
_________ 4. How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone
（2009 湖南）
_________ 5. One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air
was charged with tension（紧张气氛）.（2014 重庆）
费用
放弃指控
指控；控告
给……充电
充满……
charge
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. I wonder if there’s a service charge _________ our meal.（2011 上海）
2. They wanted to charge $5,000 _________ the car, but we managed to bring
the price down.
3. We’ve had a discussion about whether an entrance fee（入场费）should ____________ (charge) for parks.
for
for
be charged
三、根据所给提示完成下列句子。
1. We also have a swimming pool, which is open all day and _____________（免费的）.
2. I was appointed to ______________________________（负责 ）arranging all the activities on that day.（2011 天津）
free of charge
be in charge of / take charge of