(共37张PPT)
Unit 7 语法，写作复习
译林版八年级下册
复习目标
1.复习被动语态的构成，主动语态变为被动语态的基本方法，被动语态的用法，by在被动语态中的用法等。
2.复习如何写介绍慈善组织的文章。
被动语态Ⅰ
语法详解
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为两种形式,主动语态与被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，本单元及下一单元我们将系统地学习被动语态的用法。被动语态是初中语法项目中的重点及难点之一，同时也是中考的热点，学习被动语态要注意以下几点:
1.被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词 be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词be有人称、数，时态的变化,一船现在时的被动语态:am/is/are十动词的过去分词:一般过去时的被动语态:was/ were＋动词的过去分词。
2.主动语态变为被动语态的基本方法
(1)先将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语;若宾语为人称代词宾格,须将宾格形式变为主格形式。
(2)再将主动结构中的谓语动词变为被动形式,即“be+过去分词”的形式;要注意保持助动词be的时态与主动语态的时态一致,人称和数与被动语态的主语保持一致。
(3)然后将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后;若主语为代词,须将主格形式变为宾格形式。若动作的执行者没有必要说明,则可以省略by短语。
(4)其他部分保持不变,放在原来的位置,例如:
More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the world now.
主语 谓语动词 宾语 其他部分
Chinese is spoken by more and more foreigners in the world now.
主语 谓语动词 by+宾语 其他部分
3.被动语态的用法
(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者时,用被动语态。
e. g.Trees are planted here every year.这里每年都要植树。
The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。
(2) 没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时。
e. g. This T-shirt is made of cotton.这件T恤是棉制品。
China was liberated in 1949.中国是1949年解放的。
(3)强调或突出动作的承受者时。
e.g.She was chosen to be the monitor.她被选为班长。
4.by在被动语态中的用法
在被动语态的句子中,我们把动作的执行者用by短语的形式表达出来(即 by后接动作执行者的名字或代词宾格)。
e.g.This computer game is designed by Tom.这个电脑游戏是由Tom设计的。
5.非常重要的几点说明
(1)含有复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)的主动语态变被动语态时,应将宾语变成主语,宾语补足语保留不变。
e.g. I heard her singing in the next room.我听见她在隔壁房间唱歌。
→She was heard singing in the next room.
He painted the door green yesterday.→The door was painted green yesterday.
The teacher told the children not to spend too much time in playing computer games.
→The children were told not to spend too much in playing computer games.
如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式,主动语态变被动语态时要加上不定式符号。这些动词主要有感官动词see, hear,watch，notice和使役动词make。
e.g. He makes them work for over 12 hours every day.他每天都让他们工作超过12个小时。
→They are made to work for over 12 hours every day.
We often saw the bad boy steal things in the shops.
→The bad boy was often seen to steal things in the shops.
(2)含有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语,指“物”的直接宾语保留不变。如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语,则要在间接宾语前加to或for。
e.g. My parents bought me a new computer.
我父母给我买了一台新电脑。
→l was bought a new computer by my parents.
→A new computer was bought for me by my parents.
The teacher often gives me some advice.
→I am often given some advice by the teacher.
→Some advice is often given to me by the teacher.
(3)短语动词的被动语态
只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词不能用于被动语态。但有些“不及物动词＋介词或副词”构成的短语动词相当于一个及物动词,其后可接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态。短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可漏掉短语动词后的介词或副词。
e.g.Everyone laughed at her.→She was laughed at by everyone.
We must speak to old people politely.→Old people must be spoken to politely.
Maria's mother wakes her up at 6: 30 every morning to get ready for school.
Maria is woken up at 6: 30 every morning by her mother to get ready for school.
(4)祈使句变被动语态时,要把原句改为“Let+原宾语+be+原动词的过去分词”。
e. g. Close the windows.关上窗户。→Let the windows be closed.
(5)含有情态动词的主动语态变被动语态时,要把原谓语动词变为“原情态动词+be+原实义动词的过去分词”。
e.g. I can mend my bike.我会修我的自行车。
→My bike can be mended.
(6)主动形式表示被动意义。
英语中,有些不及物动词的主动语态可以表示被动意义。这些不及物动词包括:
①表示开始和结束的动词,如: begin,start , finish, end , open,close等,当主语为“事物”且不强调动作的执行者时。
e. g. When does the meeting begin 会议什么时候开始
The library opens at 9; 00 am and closes at 5:00 pm.图书馆上午9点开门,下午5点关门。
②某些连系动词,如look，sound，smell，feel，taste等。
e.g. This kind of apple tastes delicious.这种苹果吃起来不错。
—Do you like the English song Big Big World 你喜欢英文歌曲《大大的世界》吗 LZ集—Yes. It sounds very beautiful. 喜欢。它听起来非常优美。
③某些可和 well, easily等副词连用的不及物动词,如:read，write, wash,sell等。
e.g.—What about the pen you bought yesterday 你昨天买的钢笔怎么样
—It writes well. 1 like it very much.很好写。我很喜欢它。
Books of this kind sell well.这种书卖得很好。
④某些表示“发生”意义的不及物动词，如: happen, take place等。
e.g. What happened to her yesterday evening 她昨天晚上发生了什么事
Great changes have taken place in my hometown these years.这几年,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
动词填空
1. The Great Wall_____________ (know) all over the world.
2. I can't understand the story. It_____________ (write) in French.
3. The accident_____________ (happen) on a cold winter night last year.
4. I____________ (not see) you for a long time. You______________ (change)a lot.
5. It's hot inside. Do you mind______________ (open) the window
is known
is/was written
happened
haven't seen have changed
opening
6. —When_______ the patient_______ (take) to hospital
—About two hours ago.
7. He_______________ (hear) to sing this English song just now.
8. Tom with his family____________ (live) in Nanjing now. but they _____________ (move) to America soon.
9. The meeting____________ (hold) in the hall. A1l the teachers took part in it.
10. They_____________ (talk) about how_________ (spend) this holiday when I came into the room.
was taken
was heard
lives/is living will move
was held
were talking to spend
用被动语态改写句子
l. We can cure 80 per cent of these diseases.
__________________________________________________________________
2. They use the plane as a training center.
__________________________________________________________________
3. We invite local doctors and nurses on board to learn about eye operations.
_______________________________________________________________
4. Dr Ma operated on 150 patients during his last visit.
__________________________________________________________________
80 per cent of these diseases can be cured (by us).
The planed is used as a training center (by them).
Local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations (by us) .
150 patients were operated on (by Dr Ma) during his last visit.
用被动语态改写句子
5. The teacher gave us some useful advice yesterday.
____________________________________________________________________
6. Edison invented the electric light.
____________________________________________________________________
7. We plant trees every year.
____________________________________________________________________
8. The government builds many schools in poor areas every year.
____________________________________________________________________
Some useful advice was given to us(by the teacher) yesterday.
The electric light was invented ( by Edison).
Trees are planted ( by us) every year.
Many schools are built in poor areas (by the government) every year.
翻译句子
1．传单由志愿者分发给街上的人。
_______________________________________________________________________
2．一场慈善演出于上周由学生会举办。
_______________________________________________________________________
3. 1942年，Oxfam在英国建立。
_______________________________________________________________________
4．Oxfam商店出售很多东西，包括书籍。
_______________________________________________________________________
5．一个叫做希望工程的慈善项目开始于1989年。
_______________________________________________________________________
Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers.
A charity show was held by the Students' Union last week.
Oxfam was set up in the UK in 1942.
A lot of things are sold in Oxfam shops, including books.
A charity project called Project Hope was started in 1989.
写作复习
如何写介绍慈善组织的文章
写作分析
本单元的写作项目是介绍某个国际慈善组织。
在写这类文章时，一般可以从以下几个方面入手:
1.首先，应介绍该慈善组织的性质以及所要帮助的对象;
2.其次,介绍该慈善组织实施帮助的过程，这是文章的主体部分，写作时，应详细介绍其过程;
3.再次，介绍得到帮助的对象现在的生活状况。在介绍时，可将过去的生活状况与现在的状况进行对比，这样可使读者很容易地看到该组织的作用及意义;
4.最后,写作者自己的行动和感受，号召人们投身到慈善事业中来。
※常用词汇
charity organization慈善组织，provide sth for sb/provide sb with sth为某人提供某物, rise money募集资金，from a mountain village来自山村，eye illness(es)眼费,send me to hospital送我去医院，used to过去常常，change my life改变我的生活, be grateful to sb感激某人。
※常用句型句式
Ir's an international charity organization. 它是个国际慈善组织。
It provides clean water, food and education for poor children in many countries.它为许多国家的贫困孩子们提供干净的水、食物和教育。
UNICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities.联合国儿童基金会通过卖圣诞卡和组织其他活动筹钱。
When I was young, I was affected by eye illnesses.当我年幼的时候，我患了眼疾。
My family was so poor that my parents didn't have money to send me to hospital.我家太穷了,以至于我的父母没有钱送我去医院看眼病。
※常用开头结尾句
UNICEF is an international charity organization which helps children in poor countries.联合国儿童基金会是一个帮助贫困国家儿童的国际慈善组织。
I think every child should have a chance to get good education.我认为每一个孩 子都应该得
到好的教育的机会。
I hope more people can support UNICEF in different ways.我希望更多的人能够用不同的方式支持联合国儿童基金会。
经典试题
许多国际慈善组织在全世界范围内帮助穷人并从事正义事业。请根据以下要点,写一篇80词左右 的短文，介绍联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)。
要点如下:
1. UNICEF是一个国际性的慈善组织，它为儿童提供干净的水和食物;
2.它希望孩子们都很健康，都能上学接受良好的教育;
3.它通过卖圣诞贺卡和组织其他慈善活动来募集资金;
4.我通常把零花钱捐给UNICEF，希望更多的人能通过各种方式来支持它。
思路点拨：
性质与功能
UNICEF is an international charity organization..
It provides..of...
实施过程
It wants those poor children to be healthy and hopes they can go to school to receive good education. It raises money by...
自己的行动与感受
I usually donate my pocket money to UNICEF. 1 think every child should have a chance to get good education. I hope...
答案：
UNICEF is a well-known charity. Let me tell you something about it.
UNICEF is an international charity organization which helps children in poor countries. It provides clean water and food for them. It wants those poor children to be healthy and hopes they can go to school to receive good education. It raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other charity activities.
I usually donate my pocket money to UNICEF. I think every child should have a chance to get good education. I hope more people can support UNICEF in different ways.If all of us can give a helping hand the world will be a better place for children.
经典试题
“希望工程"是1989年10月开始实施的一 项社会公益事业，改变了大批失学儿童的命运。请根据提示，以"Supporting Project Hope为题，写一篇100 词左右的英文短文.呼吁大家支持希望工程,推动文明建设。标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
PROJECT HOPE 目的 ◆旨在帮助贫困地区儿童接受基础教育
行动 ◆建立数千所希望小学;帮助数百万失学儿童
◆继续在贫困地区改善学校条件。
◆促进中国教育的发展
呼吁 号召大家支持希望工程
要求:
1.内容尽量包括提示信息，可适当发挥:
2.文中不能出现真实的人名、地名。
Supporting Project Hope
"Project Hope" was started in October,1989.___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
思路点拨：
1.体裁:提示式记叙文
2.时态:一般现在时、现在完成时、一般将来时
3.人称:试题要求学生围绕“希望工程”展开话题，故用第一、第二或第三人称。
4.写作思路:文章主题是关于“希望工程”的，所以对于项目的目标意图要有清晰的表达。
希望工程做了哪些事、有什么影响是写作的重点。而结尾处的希望最好能提出具体的要求，要求人们如何去做。
5. 注意事项:按提示注意层次分明，合理使用各种时态。
答案
Supporting Project Hope
"Project Hope"was started in October, 1989. Its purpose is to help children in poor areas to receive basic education.
Many people are very active in offering their money to the project. So far, thousands of Hope Primary Schools have been set up and millions of children have gone to school. The project will continue to improve school conditions in poor areas and help the development of education in China.
However, there are still many poor children that can't afford to go to school. I hope that more people will support the project. 100 yuan can help a poor child finish his or her primary school. Your little kindness may change a child's life.
Why not act right now
小试牛刀
假如你是Daniel,请根据以下提示用英语写一份电子邮件给报社,提出环保倡议。请根据中文提示，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于80词的短文。第五个要点根据主题用1-2句话自由发挥。开头和结尾已给出,不计人总字数。
1.今年春天中国政府下定决心治理污染,使天变蓝，水变绿;
2.我觉得最严重的问题是空气污染,空气污染导致了许多健康问题;
3.我们要少开车，可以骑自行车外出，自行车不产生空气污染;
4.要多种树，树能够使空气清洁;
5.我觉得....
Dear editor,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I am looking forward to hearing from you!
Best wishes,
Daniel
答案
Dear editor,
This spring, the Chinese government has decided to solve the pollution problems so that we can have blue sky and green water. I think the most serious problem today is air pollution.It has caused lot of health problems. We should drive cars out less. We can ride a bike instead because bikes produce no air pollution. We should plant more trees. Trees can help (to) make our air clean. I think we should try to use clean energy.
Its everyone's duty to protect the environment. I am looking forward to hearing from you!
Best wishes,
Daniel
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
兼职招聘：
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/admin中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 7 语法，写作复习
被动语态Ⅰ
语法详解
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为两种形式,主动语态与被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，本单元及下一单元我们将系统地学习被动语态的用法。被动语态是初中语法项目中的重点及难点之一，同时也是中考的热点，学习被动语态要注意以下几点:
1.被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词 be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词be有人称、数，时态的变化,一船现在时的被动语态:am/is/are十动词的过去分词:一般过去时的被动语态:was/ were＋动词的过去分词。
2.主动语态变为被动语态的基本方法
(1)先将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语;若宾语为人称代词宾格,须将宾格形式变为主格形式。
(2)再将主动结构中的谓语动词变为被动形式,即“be+过去分词”的形式;要注意保持助动词be的时态与主动语态的时态一致,人称和数与被动语态的主语保持一致。
(3)然后将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后;若主语为代词,须将主格形式变为宾格形式。若动作的执行者没有必要说明,则可以省略by短语。
(4)其他部分保持不变,放在原来的位置,例如:
More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the world now.
主语 谓语动词 宾语 其他部分
Chinese is spoken by more and more foreigners in the world now.
主语 谓语动词 by+宾语 其他部分
3.被动语态的用法
(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者时,用被动语态。
e. g.Trees are planted here every year.这里每年都要植树。
The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。
没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时。
e. g. This T-shirt is made of cotton.这件T恤是棉制品。
China was liberated in 1949.中国是1949年解放的。
(3)强调或突出动作的承受者时。
e.g.She was chosen to be the monitor.她被选为班长。
4.by在被动语态中的用法
在被动语态的句子中,我们把动作的执行者用by短语的形式表达出来(即 by后接动作执行者的名字或代词宾格)。
e.g.This computer game is designed by Tom.这个电脑游戏是由Tom设计的。
5.非常重要的几点说明
(1)含有复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)的主动语态变被动语态时,应将宾语变成主语,宾语补足语保留不变。
e.g. I heard her singing in the next room.我听见她在隔壁房间唱歌。
→She was heard singing in the next room.
He painted the door green yesterday.→The door was painted green yesterday.
The teacher told the children not to spend too much time in playing computer games.
The children were told not to spend too much in playing computer games.
如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式,主动语态变被动语态时要加上不定式符号。这些动词主要有感官动词see, hear,watch，notice和使役动词make。
e.g. He makes them work for over 12 hours every day.他每天都让他们工作超过12个小时。
→They are made to work for over 12 hours every day.
We often saw the bad boy steal things in the shops.
→The bad boy was often seen to steal things in the shops.
(2)含有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语,指“物”的直接宾语保留不变。如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语,则要在间接宾语前加to或for。
e.g. My parents bought me a new computer.
我父母给我买了一台新电脑。
→l was bought a new computer by my parents.
→A new computer was bought for me by my parents.
The teacher often gives me some advice.
→I am often given some advice by the teacher.
→Some advice is often given to me by the teacher.
(3)短语动词的被动语态
只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词不能用于被动语态。但有些“不及物动词＋介词或副词”构成的短语动词相当于一个及物动词,其后可接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态。短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可漏掉短语动词后的介词或副词。
e.g.Everyone laughed at her.→She was laughed at by everyone.
We must speak to old people politely.→Old people must be spoken to politely.
Maria's mother wakes her up at 6: 30 every morning to get ready for school.
Maria is woken up at 6: 30 every morning by her mother to get ready for school.
(4)祈使句变被动语态时,要把原句改为“Let+原宾语+be+原动词的过去分词”。
e. g. Close the windows.关上窗户。→Let the windows be closed.
(5)含有情态动词的主动语态变被动语态时,要把原谓语动词变为“原情态动词+be+原实义动词的过去分词”。
e.g. I can mend my bike.我会修我的自行车。
→My bike can be mended.
(6)主动形式表示被动意义。
英语中,有些不及物动词的主动语态可以表示被动意义。这些不及物动词包括:
①表示开始和结束的动词,如: begin,start , finish, end , open,close等,当主语为“事物”且不强调动作的执行者时。
e. g. When does the meeting begin 会议什么时候开始
The library opens at 9; 00 am and closes at 5:00 pm.图书馆上午9点开门,下午5点关门。
②某些连系动词,如look，sound，smell，feel，taste等。
e.g. This kind of apple tastes delicious.这种苹果吃起来不错。
—Do you like the English song Big Big World 你喜欢英文歌曲《大大的世界》吗 LZ集—Yes. It sounds very beautiful. 喜欢。它听起来非常优美。
③某些可和 well, easily等副词连用的不及物动词,如:read，write, wash,sell等。
e.g.—What about the pen you bought yesterday 你昨天买的钢笔怎么样
—It writes well. 1 like it very much.很好写。我很喜欢它。
Books of this kind sell well.这种书卖得很好。
④某些表示“发生”意义的不及物动词，如: happen, take place等。
e.g. What happened to her yesterday evening 她昨天晚上发生了什么事
Great changes have taken place in my hometown these years.这几年,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
练 习
一、单项填空
( ) 1. The doctors will operate on her as soon as she _______ hospital.
A. is sent to B. will be taken to C. leaves D. return to
( ) 2. -Have you finished your task
-Not yet. I'll finish it if I _______ twenty more minutes.
A. am given B. give C. will give D. will be given
( ) 3. Today is her birthday. A delicious cake _______ her this morning.
A. makes B. make C. was made on D. was made for
( ) 4. —Henry, you _______ on the phone. —Oh, _______. Thank you.
A. are wanted, I come B. are wanted, I'm coming
C. are being wanted, I come D. are wanting, I'm coming
( ) 5. When and where were the dinosaur(恐龙) eggs _______
A. found B. founded C. find D. finding
( ) 6. -Who's the woman in a blue blouse in the photo
-My mum. This photo _______ five years ago.
A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken
( ) 7. This kind of bicycle _______ in the shop near our school.
A. sells B. sell C. are sold D. is sold
( ) 8. The old palace looks so great! I heard that it _______ nearly 1000 years ago.
A. was building B. was built C. has built D. is built
( ) 9. The children _______ very well in the school. Don't worry.
A. look after B. is looked after C. are looked after D. are looked
( )10. -Did you go to Jack's party last night -No, I _______.
A. didn't invite B. haven't invited C. wasn't invited D. am not invited
( )11. The fashionable boots _______ China.
A. is made in B. is made from C. are made in D. are made from
( )12. You may watch TV after your homework _______.
A. was done B. is done C. has done D. will be done
( )13. -These pineapples look different and they taste good
-Right. They _______ here from Thailand yesterday.
A. was brought B were brought C. bring D. are brought
( )14. The red shoes cost more because they _______ leather.
A. makes of B. made of C. are made of D. are made from
( )15. Last year, Wang Hua, a middle school student, _______ to take part in the math competition.
A. is choosing B. is chosen C. was choosing D. was chosen
二、用被动语态改写句子
l. We can cure 80 per cent of these diseases.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. They use the plane as a training center.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. We invite local doctors and nurses on board to learn about eye operations.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Dr Ma operated on 150 patients during his last visit.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. The teacher gave us some useful advice yesterday.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. Edison invented the electric light.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. We plant trees every year.
_______________________________________________________________________
8. The government builds many schools in poor areas every year.
_______________________________________________________________________
三、动词填空
1. The Great Wall_______ (know) all over the world.
2. I can't understand the story. It_______ (write) in French.
3. The accident_______ (happen) on a cold winter night last year.
4. I_______ (not see) you for a long time. You_______ (change)a lot.
5. It's hot inside. Do you mind_______ (open) the window
6. —When_______ the patient_______ (take) to hospital
—About two hours ago.
7. He_______ (hear) to sing this English song just now.
8. Tom with his family_______ (live) in Nanjing now. but they _______ (move) to America soon.
9. The meeting_______ (hold) in the hall. A1l the teachers took part in it.
10. They_______ (talk) about how_______ (spend) this holiday when I came into the room.
四、完形填空
Do you know Jiuzhaigou It is a very l place. It is in Sichuan Province. Jiuzhaigou is a valley. It is more than 40 kilometres long. The green and golden trees, the lofty mountains and the clear and 2 water form the unique beauty of Jiuzhaigou. There are more than 100 lakes of different shapes in the valley. These lakes have wonderful colours. 3 the forests and the lakes, there are nine Tibetan villages. The name "Jiuzhaigou" 4 Nine Village Valley.
Jiuzhaigou 5 because of a panda rescue(拯救) programme. The pandas were once 6 because the bamboo there was blooming. When people came to rescue the pandas, they 7 see the beauty of Jiuzhaigou. After that, Jiuzhaigou became a protected scenic area(风景区).
In China, there is a 8 which goes like this: No mountain is worth 9 after you have seen Mount Huang and no other body of water will attract you after you have visited Jiuzhaigou. The beauty of Jiuzhaigou cannot be described 10 any words. The best way is to enjoy its fairyland(仙境). See you in Jiuzhaigou.
( )1. A. beautiful B. bad C. well D. worse
( )2.A. colour B. colourful C. colourfully D. colours
( )3.A. In B. Above C. Before D. Between
( )4.A. meaning B. means C. to mean D. mean
( )5. A. was discovered B. is discovered
C. discover D. discovered
( )6.A. danger B. in danger C. dangerous D. dangerless
( )7. A. are surprise to B. were surprising
C. are surprised to D. were surprised to
( )8.A. saying B. telling C. speaking D. talking
( )9.A. to see B. seeing C. saw D. seen
( )10. A. without B. with C. in D. use
五、阅读理解
Building a house costs quite a lot of money. Suppose you plan to build a house. Your first step is to find a right piece of land. Your choice(选择) will depend on many different things. You will probably try to find a sunny place, with pleasant surroundings(环境) near shops and bus stops, not too far from your friends and the place where you work.
Next you will find a good builder, and together with the builder you will work out a plan. The builder will draw the plan. It will show the number of rooms, their position and size, and other parts, such as windows, doors, and electric outlets(电插座). The builder will work out how much money is needed to build your house. He will work out the cost of the wood, bricks, the glass, and everything else that must be used in building the house. Later on, when he starts to build, this estimate(预算) must be corrected and revised(修订). His estimate is based on existing prices, but prices of such things may change, and many other things may happen between the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house.
When the builder gives his estimate, you may wish to change your plan. (You may also wish to change your builder, if his estimate is too high!) You may find that the house you wanted at first costs too much or that you can spend a little more and add something to your plan. The builder's estimate depends on the plan, but the final plan depends on the builder's estimate.
( )1. The best title of this passage is_______.
A. Building a House Costs Much Money B. Estimate Is Important
C. Planning a House D. Depend on the Builder
( )2. The first thing for a person to build a house is_______.
A. to get as much money as possible B. to find a suitable piece of land
C. to work out a plan D. to make an estimate
( )3. The underlined phrase "draw the plan" in this passage means_______.
A. drawing a picture of a building or a room
B. making a plan
C. working out a solution
D. taking a picture out of a room
( )4. What is the relationship(关系) between the estimate and the plan
A. The plan depends on the estimate.
B. The estimate depends on the plan.
C. The plan has nothing to do with the estimate.
D. The estimate and the plan depend on each other.
六、翻译句子
1．传单由志愿者分发给街上的人。
_______________________________________________________________________
2．一场慈善演出于上周由学生会举办。
_______________________________________________________________________
3. 1942年，Oxfam在英国建立。
_______________________________________________________________________
4．Oxfam商店出售很多东西，包括书籍。
_______________________________________________________________________
5．一个叫做希望工程的慈善项目开始于1989年。
_______________________________________________________________________
6.资金被Oxfam用来帮助穷人
_______________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一. 1-5 AADBA 6-10 DDBCC 11-15 CBBCD
二. 1. 80 per cent of these diseases can be cured (by us).
2. The planed is used as a training center (by them).
3. Local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations (by us) .
4. 150 patients were operated on (by Dr Ma) during his last visit.
5. Some useful advice was given to us(by the teacher) yesterday./We were given some useful advice( by the teacher) yesterday.
6. The electric light was invented ( by Edison).
7. Trees are planted ( by us) every year.
8. Many schools are built in poor areas (by the government) every year.
三. 1. is known 2. is/was written 3. happened . 4. haven't seen, have changed
5. opening 6. was, taken 7. was heard 8. lives/is living, will move 9. was held
10. were talking, to spend
四. ABDBA BDABB
五. CBAD
六. 1. Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers.
2. A charity show was held by the Students' Union last week.
3. Oxfam was set up in the UK in 1942.
4. A lot of things are sold in Oxfam shops, including books.
5. A charity project called Project Hope was started in 1989.
6. Money is used by Oxfam to help poor people.
写作复习
如何写介绍慈善组织的文章
写作分析
本单元的写作项目是介绍某个国际慈善组织。
在写这类文章时，一般可以从以下几个方面入手:
1.首先，应介绍该慈善组织的性质以及所要帮助的对象;
2.其次,介绍该慈善组织实施帮助的过程，这是文章的主体部分，写作时，应详细介绍其过程;
3.再次，介绍得到帮助的对象现在的生活状况。在介绍时，可将过去的生活状况与现在的状况进行对比，这样可使读者很容易地看到该组织的作用及意义;
4.最后,写作者自己的行动和感受，号召人们投身到慈善事业中来。
如何写好这类文章，主要需要掌握以下词汇和句型句式:
※常用词汇
charity organization慈善组织，provide sth for sb/provide sb with sth为某人提供某物,rise
money募集资金，from a mountain village来自山村，eye illness(es)眼费,send me to hospital送我去医院，used to过去常常，change my life改变我的生活,be grateful to sb感激某人。
※常用句型句式
Ir's an international charity organization. 它是个国际慈善组织。
It provides clean water, food and education for poor children in many countries.它为许多国家的贫困孩子们提供干净的水、食物和教育。
UNICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities.联合国儿童基金会通过卖圣诞卡和组织其他活动筹钱。
When I was young, I was affected by eye illnesses.当我年幼的时候，我患了眼疾。
My family was so poor that my parents didn't have money to send me to hospital.我家太穷了,以至于我的父母没有钱送我去医院看眼病。
I used to stay at home, helping my mother do some simple housework instead of going to school.我过去常常待在家里，帮助我的妈妈做一些简单的家务而不是去上学。
They performed an operation on me at once.他们立即给我做手术。
Now I am able to see everything clearly and can go to school.我现在能清楚地看到一切东西,并能上学了。
It is ORBIS that gives me a bright future.是奥比斯给了我光明的未来。
I'm proud to be able to help so many people.我为能够帮助这么多人而骄傲。
※常用开头结尾句
UNICEF is an international charity organization which helps children in poor countries.联合国儿童基金会是一个帮助贫困国家儿童的国际慈善组织。
I think every child should have a chance to get good education.我认为每一个孩 子都应该得
到好的教育的机会。
I hope more people can support UNICEF in different ways.我希望更多的人能够用不同的方式支持联合国儿童基金会。
经典试题
许多国际慈善组织在全世界范围内帮助穷人并从事正义事业。请根据以下要点,写一篇80词左右 的短文，介绍联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)。
要点如下:
1. UNICEF是一个国际性的慈善组织，它为儿童提供干净的水和食物;
2.它希望孩子们都很健康，都能上学接受良好的教育;
3.它通过卖圣诞贺卡和组织其他慈善活动来募集资金;
4.我通常把零花钱捐给UNICEF，希望更多的人能通过各种方式来支持它。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
思路点拨：
性质与功能
UNICEF is an international charity organization..
It provides..of...
实施过程
It wants those poor children to be healthy and hopes they can go to school to receive good
education. It raises money by...
自己的行动与感受
I usually donate my pocket money to UNICEF. 1 think every child should have a chance to get good education. I hope...
答案：
UNICEF is a well-known charity. Let me tell you something about it.
UNICEF is an international charity organization which helps children in poor countries. It provides clean water and food for them. It wants those poor children to be healthy and hopes they can go to school to receive good education. It raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other charity activities.
I usually donate my pocket money to UNICEF. I think every child should have a chance to get good education. I hope more people can support UNICEF in different ways.If all of us can give a helping hand the world will be a better place for children.
经典试题
“希望工程"是1989年10月开始实施的一 项社会公益事业，改变了大批失学儿童的命运。请根据提示，以"Supporting Project Hope为题，写一篇100 词左右的英文短文.呼吁大家支持希望工程,推动文明建设。标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
PROJECT HOPE 目的 ◆旨在帮助贫困地区儿童接受基础教育
行动 ◆建立数千所希望小学;帮助数百万失学儿童◆继续在贫困地区改善学校条件。◆促进中国教育的发展
呼吁 号召大家支持希望工程
要求:
1.内容尽量包括提示信息，可适当发挥:
2.文中不能出现真实的人名、地名。
Supporting Project Hope
"Project Hope" was started in October, 1989.________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
思路点拨：
1.体裁:提示式记叙文
2.时态:一般现在时、现在完成时、一般将来时
3.人称:试题要求学生围绕“希望工程”展开话题，故用第一、第二或第三人称。
4.写作思路:文章主题是关于“希望工程”的，所以对于项目的目标意图要有清晰的表达。
希望工程做了哪些事、有什么影响是写作的重点。而结尾处的希望最好能提出具体的要求，要求人们如何去做。
注意事项:按提示注意层次分明，合理使用各种时态。
答案
Supporting Project Hope
"Project Hope"was started in October, 1989. Its purpose is to help children in poor areas to receive basic education.
Many people are very active in offering their money to the project. So far, thousands of Hope Primary Schools have been set up and millions of children have gone to school. The project will continue to improve school conditions in poor areas and help the development of education in China.
However, there are still many poor children that can't afford to go to school. I hope that more people will support the project. 100 yuan can help a poor child finish his or her primary school. Your little kindness may change a child's life.
Why not act right now
小试牛刀
假如你是Daniel,请根据以下提示用英语写一份电子邮件给报社,提出环保倡议。请根据中文提示，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于80词的短文。第五个要点根据主题用1-2句话自由发挥。开头和结尾已给出,不计人总字数。
1.今年春天中国政府下定决心治理污染,使天变蓝，水变绿;
2.我觉得最严重的问题是空气污染,空气污染导致了许多健康问题;
3.我们要少开车，可以骑自行车外出，自行车不产生空气污染;
4.要多种树，树能够使空气清洁;
5.我觉得....
Dear editor,
I am looking forward to hearing from you!
Best wishes,
Daniel
答案
Dear editor,
This spring, the Chinese government has decided to solve the pollution problems so that we can have blue sky and green water. I think the most serious problem today is air pollution.
It has caused lot of health problems. We should drive cars out less. We can ride a bike instead because bikes produce no air pollution. We should plant more trees. Trees can help (to) make our air clean. I think we should try to use clean energy.
Its everyone's duty to protect the environment. I am looking forward to hearing from you!
Best wishes,
Daniel
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
