中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
话题7自然生态《人与自然》（原版卷）
一、单选题
1．（2023·重庆模拟）Beijing, capital of China, held the Winter Olympics successfully in 2022.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
2．（2023·顺城模拟）—Don't worry about your math.
—If you your efforts, you'll make great progress in it.
A．double B．discuss C．divide D．doubt
3．（2023·邹平模拟）—Mom, I don't know how to build the model plane.
—Well, if you read these carefully, you'll surely finish it yourself.
A．instructions B．inventions C．invitations D．instruments
4．（2023·重庆模拟）All the guests in the hotel died after the earthquake him, because he was awake and ran out in time.
A．except B．beside C．with D．besides
5．（2023·南通模拟）After senior high school entrance examination, my family plan to go to relax.
A．somewhere interesting B．anywhere interesting
C．interesting somewhere D．interesting anywhere
6．（2023·东城模拟）Mr. Li is a great history teacher. ________ knowledge of the subject is excellent.
A．Her B．His C．Their D．Your
7．（2023·上海模拟）I think you should complain, ________ of course, you are happy with the product.
A．unless B．because C．until D．though
8．（2022九下·长春模拟）My mother will be ________ years old next week. I'm planning to buy a gift for her ________birthday.
A．fourty; fourtieth B．forty; fortieth
C．fourty; fortieth D．forty; fourtieth
9．（2023·顺城模拟）—Do you enjoy Jay's songs
—Of course. Not only my sister but also my parents his fans.
A．are B．is C．were D．was
10．（2023·石景山模拟）—Do you know________ I think we're lost.
—I'm not sure either. Let's ask the policeman over there.
A．what the supermarket is B．what is the supermarket
C．where the supermarket is D．where is the supermarket
二、完形填空
（2022·莲湖模拟）阅读下面短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
For children on Pingtan Island in Fujian, China, 11． is more interesting than going into nature with their "forest teacher". Cheng Sheng-chung from Taiwan, China works as a 12． education teacher on the island. Cheng's 13． for nature started early. He 14． in the mountains in Taichung City, Taiwan, and loved to stay close to nature. In 2017, he came to Pingtan Island to find a (n) 15． . He started to offer nature classes to children. Today's children 16． a lot of time indoors, either watching TV or 17． mobile phone games. Cheng wants to change that through his nature 18． . The students all like the friendly teacher very much and they call him "forest teacher". Cheng does not fill their heads with 19． facts, but gets them to experience nature on their own. He lets them use their eyes, ears, noses, mouths, and hands to learn about nature.
"If children don't understand nature, they won't love and 20． it. They should understand that humans are not above nature, but must live in peace with it," said Cheng.
11．A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something
12．A．nature B．science C．happiness D．technology
13．A．love B．dislike C．ticket D．test
14．A．put up B．looked up C．set up D．grew up
15．A．job B．reply C．experience D．exercise
16．A．sell B．spend C．show D．move
17．A．inventing B．breaking C．playing D．guessing
18．A．reports B．classes C．meetings D．ideas
19．A．exciting B．boring C．interesting D．relaxing
20．A．repair B．answer C．hate D．protect
三、阅读理解
（2022·宝安模拟）阅读理解
Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species (物种).
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle (斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt (适应), progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons is related to that adaptation — from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what's in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language.
21．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Culture belongs to human nature.
B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C．Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D．Education pushes the human species to progress.
22．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3
A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B．To stress the importance of tools in humans' struggle for life.
C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
23．The word "transmission" in Paragraph 4 probably means " ".
A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit
24．What is the writer's opinion on the nature-culture relationship
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C．Nature and culture are different but connected.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
25．Where can we read this passage
A．A magazine. B．A science fiction.
C．An advertisement. D．A poster.
（2022·哈尔滨模拟）根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
The natural world is colorful with humans, plants and animals showing different colors.
Human skin can be many different colors and it changes with the sun, our feelings or our health. This is because of pigments (色素) which reflect light and make what the eye sees as colors. So when we feel excited or angry, our heart can send more blood to the face and the pigments in the skin become red. This is why we have the expression that someone "sees red" when they are angry.
Plants also have pigments. Color is important for them to live on. The bright colors of flowers catch the attention of insects which then carry their pollen (花粉) from one flower to another. Bees can see colors that we cannot see, and they follow these to the inside of the flower. Without bees visiting flowers in this way, many plants would die out.
Animals also use color for their own need. They protect themselves with different colors in order not to be seen by predators. During summer some wild rabbits are brown, and in winter they are white so that they can hide in the snow so they can't be found or eaten. However, some animals use color as a warning to make predators stay away. Bright colors such as yellow and red are often used in this way. Nature, however, is very clever, and predators also use colors to attract the animals they feed on.
So we can see that there may be many different reasons and uses for colors in the natural world. Some uses of color in nature remain ( 保 持 ) unknown, but one thing is for sure: color not only makes our planet beautiful but it is also necessary for our planet to live on.
26．The underlined word " predators" in the fourth passage means " " in Chinese .
A．捕食者 B．生产者 C．消费者
27．Pigments（色素) can be found in the bodies of .
A．humans and plants
B．plants and animals
C．humans, plants and animals
28．If bees don't carry pollen from one plant to another, many plants will .
A．be dry B．be in need C．die out
29．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．When someone feels angry, the face can send more blood to the heart and the pigments in the skin become red.
B．Some wild rabbits are white in winter and black in summer.
C．We haven't known all the uses of color in nature.
30．Which is the main purpose of the passage
A．To explain the importance of protecting our planet.
B．To introduce the uses of colors for life on the earth.
C．To describe animals' ways of life.
（2022·衢江模拟）阅读理解
It's commonly known that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) causes global warming. The whole world has made great efforts to improve the situation. Especially, the trees planted in China are playing an important role.
A report published in Nature shows that CO2 absorption (吸收) in two new forest areas in China is more than we thought. The two areas are located in China's southwestern and northeastern provinces. They make up over 35 percent of China's carbon sinks. Carbon sinks are natural systems that absorb and store CO2 from the air. The main natural carbon sinks are trees and other plants.
According to Paul Palmer, these provinces have been working on rapid forestation (造林) in large areas. Over the past 10 to 15 years, the forest areas have kept increasing by 400-4,400 square kilometers per year.
China is one of the world's biggest countries of human-produced CO2, ▲ . In 1978,
China began a national-level forestation project. Many trees have planted in the areas of northern China to act as windbreaks. For example, about one third of the Kubuqi Desert in Inner Mongolia is now covered with trees. In 2019, Alipay's Ant Forest program planted 122 million trees and won the UN Champions of the Earth award for helping 500 million people live low-carbon lives.
China's goal is to reach carbon neutrality by 2060. Carbon neutrality refers to removing as much CO2 as one puts into the air. If China's goal is achieved, it will lower global warming by around 0.2 to 0.3 C alone, according to Climate Action Tracker (CAT).
31．China's two new forest areas .
A．play an important role in tree-planting
B．are in the southwest and northeast of China
C．cover more than half of China's carbon sinks
D．mainly absorb and store trees and other plants
32．In Paragraph 3, Paul Palmer shows China's achievement in forestation by .
A．using numbers B．asking questions
C．giving examples D．comparing facts
33．Which of the following can be put in the in Paragraph 4
A．and it has caused serious environmental problems
B．so the government will take steps to stop air pollution
C．though most of Chinese people are living low-carbon lives
D．but our country has been working on reducing its climate influence
34．The passage mainly talks about .
A．what causes global warming
B．what China does to lower global warming
C．how China produces so much CO2
D．how trees absorb and store CO2 from the air
四、书面表达
35．（2021·深圳模拟）现在我们正面临全球变暖和资源短缺的问题，因此我们在日常生活中践行低碳生活是非常重要的。请以"How to Live a Low carbon Life"为题，写一篇80词左右的短文，谈一谈你对低碳生活的理解。
要点：①节约水电；
②不使用塑料袋；
③绿色出行；
④自行补充一点。
How to Live a Low carbon Life
Now we are facing problems of global warming and a shortage of natural resources,
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
话题7自然生态《人与自然》（解析卷）
一、单选题
1．（2023·重庆模拟）Beijing, capital of China, held the Winter Olympics successfully in 2022.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
【答案】C
【知识点】用于某些习惯用语中
【解析】【分析】句意：中国首都北京在2022年成功举办了冬奥会。a/an表示数量是一，第一次出现，泛指，以元音音素开头的用an，以辅音音素开头的用a；the表示特指，第二次及其以上出现。the capital of......的首都，固定搭配，故选C。
【点评】考查冠词辨析，首先识记冠词区别，然后识记固定搭配the capital of。
2．（2023·顺城模拟）—Don't worry about your math.
—If you your efforts, you'll make great progress in it.
A．double B．discuss C．divide D．doubt
【答案】A
【知识点】动词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——别担心你的数学。——如果你加倍努力，你就会取得很大的进步。A：double加倍；B：discuss讨论；C：divide划分；D：doubt怀疑。根据句子you'll make great progress in it. 你就会取得很大的进步。可知此处是指要加倍努力，就会取得很大的进步，应用double，故选A。
【点评】考查动词辨析，注意识记double的用法。
3．（2023·邹平模拟）—Mom, I don't know how to build the model plane.
—Well, if you read these carefully, you'll surely finish it yourself.
A．instructions B．inventions C．invitations D．instruments
【答案】A
【知识点】名词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——妈妈，我不知道怎么做模型飞机。——嗯，如果你仔细看了这些说明，你一定会自己完成的。A说明，B发明，C请柬，D乐器，根据build the model plane，可知是说明如何做模型飞机，故选A。
【点评】考查名词辨析，注意识记 instructions的用法。
4．（2023·重庆模拟）All the guests in the hotel died after the earthquake him, because he was awake and ran out in time.
A．except B．beside C．with D．besides
【答案】A
【知识点】介词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：地震发生后，除了他，酒店里所有的客人都死了，因为他醒着，及时跑了出去。A.除去，不包括；B.附近；C.和；D.包括。All the guests in the hotel died after the earthquake地震发生后，酒店里所有的客人都死了，because he was awake and ran out in time因为他醒着，及时跑了出去，可知死的人不包括他，所以用except，故选A。
【点评】考查介词辨析，首先识记介词词义，然后根据句意确定介词。
5．（2023·南通模拟）After senior high school entrance examination, my family plan to go to relax.
A．somewhere interesting B．anywhere interesting
C．interesting somewhere D．interesting anywhere
【答案】A
【知识点】不定代词；形容词原级
【解析】【分析】句意：中考结束后，我的家人计划去一个有趣的地方放松一下。somewhere interesting有趣的地方，用于肯定句；anywhere interesting任何有趣的地方，用于否定句/疑问句。形容词修饰不定代词应置于不定代词后，作后置定语。根据句号和谓语动词plan“计划”，可知应用 somewhere interesting 。故选A。
【点评】考查不定代词。注意熟记动词plan“计划”：第三人称单数： plans；现在分词： planning；过去式： planned；过去分词： planned。
6．（2023·东城模拟）Mr. Li is a great history teacher. ________ knowledge of the subject is excellent.
A．Her B．His C．Their D．Your
【答案】B
【知识点】代词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：李先生是一位伟大的历史老师。他在这方面的知识非常丰富。A：Her她的；B：His他的；C：Their他们的；D：Your你的。根据句子Mr. Li is a great history teacher. 李先生是一位伟大的历史老师。可知此处是指李先生的知识丰富，应用His指代李老师，故选B。
【点评】考查代词辨析，注意识记his的用法。
7．（2023·上海模拟）I think you should complain, ________ of course, you are happy with the product.
A．unless B．because C．until D．though
【答案】A
【知识点】连词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我认为你应该抱怨，当然，除非你对产品满意。unless除非，引导条件状语从句；because因为，引导原因状语从句；until直到，引导时间状语从句；though虽然，引导让步状语从句。分析语境可知，后半句是一个条件状语从句，空处表示“除非”。故选A。
【点评】考查连词辨析。注意每个选项的基本含义及用法，根据语境确定最佳选项。
8．（2022九下·长春模拟）My mother will be ________ years old next week. I'm planning to buy a gift for her ________birthday.
A．fourty; fourtieth B．forty; fortieth
C．fourty; fortieth D．forty; fourtieth
【答案】B
【知识点】序数词；整数表达
【解析】【分析】句意：我母亲下星期就四十岁了。我打算给她买一件四十岁的生日礼物。forty四十，基数词。这里修饰复数名词years。birthday"生日"，第四十岁生日，用序数词fortieth"第四十"。故答案为：B。
【点评】考查数词。充分理解句意，再根据提示完成试题，注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。
9．（2023·顺城模拟）—Do you enjoy Jay's songs
—Of course. Not only my sister but also my parents his fans.
A．are B．is C．were D．was
【答案】A
【知识点】主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：——你喜欢周杰伦的歌吗？——当然可以。不仅我妹妹而且我父母都是他的粉丝。A：are是，复数形式；B：is是，单数形式；C：were是，复数形式，过去式；D：was是，单数形式，过去式。Not only...but also...连接并列名词作主语时，遵循就近一致原则，结合问句Do you enjoy Jay's songs 你喜欢周杰伦的歌吗？可知句子时态为一般现在时，空格前parents为复数形式，父母，可知be动词应用are，故选A。
【点评】考查主谓一致，注意识记not only...but also...的用法。
10．（2023·石景山模拟）—Do you know________ I think we're lost.
—I'm not sure either. Let's ask the policeman over there.
A．what the supermarket is B．what is the supermarket
C．where the supermarket is D．where is the supermarket
【答案】C
【知识点】连接代词或连接副词引导；陈述语序
【解析】【分析】句意：——你知道超市在哪里吗？我想我们迷路了。——我也不确定。我们问问那边的警察吧。A：what the supermarket is超市是什么；B：what is the supermarket超市是什么，疑问语序；C：where the supermarket is超市在哪里；D：where is the supermarket超市在哪里，疑问语序。分析句子此处为宾语从句，遵循陈述句语序，排除B和D。根据句子I think we're lost. 我想我们迷路了。可知此处是在询问超市在哪里，应用where引导宾语从句，故选C。
【点评】考查宾语从句，注意识记宾语从句遵循陈述句语序的用法。
二、完形填空
（2022·莲湖模拟）阅读下面短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
For children on Pingtan Island in Fujian, China, 11． is more interesting than going into nature with their "forest teacher". Cheng Sheng-chung from Taiwan, China works as a 12． education teacher on the island. Cheng's 13． for nature started early. He 14． in the mountains in Taichung City, Taiwan, and loved to stay close to nature. In 2017, he came to Pingtan Island to find a (n) 15． . He started to offer nature classes to children. Today's children 16． a lot of time indoors, either watching TV or 17． mobile phone games. Cheng wants to change that through his nature 18． . The students all like the friendly teacher very much and they call him "forest teacher". Cheng does not fill their heads with 19． facts, but gets them to experience nature on their own. He lets them use their eyes, ears, noses, mouths, and hands to learn about nature.
"If children don't understand nature, they won't love and 20． it. They should understand that humans are not above nature, but must live in peace with it," said Cheng.
11．A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something
12．A．nature B．science C．happiness D．technology
13．A．love B．dislike C．ticket D．test
14．A．put up B．looked up C．set up D．grew up
15．A．job B．reply C．experience D．exercise
16．A．sell B．spend C．show D．move
17．A．inventing B．breaking C．playing D．guessing
18．A．reports B．classes C．meetings D．ideas
19．A．exciting B．boring C．interesting D．relaxing
20．A．repair B．answer C．hate D．protect
【答案】11．B；12．A；13．A；14．D；15．A；16．B；17．C；18．B；19．B；20．D
【知识点】教育类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要讲来自台湾的程胜传老师热爱自然，带领孩子们体验自然的乐趣并受到孩子们的喜爱。
【点评】考查记叙文阅读。完形填空题主要考查学生对词语的运用能力及对语境的理解能力，做题时要先通读短文，了解各题所在的语境，然后在理解各选项意思的基础上结合具体的上下文来选择最佳答案填空。
11．句意：对于中国福建平潭岛的孩子们来说，没有什么比和“森林老师”一起去大自然更有趣的事了。
everything一切；nothing什么都没有；anything 任何事物；something某事； 根据is more interesting than going into nature with their"forest teacher"和The students all like the friendly teacher very much and they call him "forest teacher”可知孩子们喜欢“森林老师”，这里是表示没有事物比去大自然更有趣的"。故答案为B。
12．句意：程胜传来自台湾，他在岛上是大自然教育老师。nature自然；science科学；happiness开心； technology科技；根据and loved to stay close to nature' 可知下文提到程胜传热爱自然，所以是自然教育老师，故答案为A。
13．句意：程对自然的热爱开始的很早。love热爱；dislike不喜欢； ticket票；test测试，考试；根据and loved to stay close to nature.可知是热爱自然，故答案为A。
14．句意：他成长于台湾台中市，并热爱亲近自然。put up张贴，举起；looked up查阅； set up建立； grew up成长，长大；根据in the mountains in Taichung City, Taiwan, and loved to stay close to nature.可知这里是指他在大山里“长大"。故答案为D。
15．句意：在2017年， 他来到平潭岛找一份工作。job工作；reply答复；experience经历；exercise锻炼； 根据He started to offer nature classes to children. 可知是来找工作，并成为一名老师。故答案为A。
16．句意：如今的孩子们花太多的时间在室内，要么看电视要么玩手机游戏。sell卖；spend花费；show展示；move移动；根据a lot of time indoors, either watching TV or…可知是在室内花费时间，故答案为B。
17．句意：如今的孩子们花太多的时间在室内，要么看电视要么玩手机游戏。inventing发明；breaking 打破； playing玩；guessing猜测。 根据空后面的mobile phone games. 可知这这里是是玩手机游戏，故答案为C。
18．句意：程想要通过他的自然课来改变那种情况。report报道；classes课程；meetings会议；ideas想法；根据下文The students all like the friendly teacher very much可知是“通过自然课程来改变来改变这种状况"。故答案为B。
19．句意：程不是用枯燥的事实填充他们的大脑，而是让他们自己体验大自然。exciting兴奋的；boring无聊的；interesting有趣的；relaxing放松的； 根据Cheng does not fill their heads with…facts, but gets them to experence nature on their own.可知程给孩子们的不是无聊的事实，而是自己体验，故答案为B。
20．句意：如果孩子们不明白大自然，他们不会热爱和保护它。repair修补；answer答复；hate讨厌；protect保护；根据下文They should understand that humans are not above nature, but must live in peace with it可知是要保护自然，故答案为D。
三、阅读理解
（2022·宝安模拟）阅读理解
Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species (物种).
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle (斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt (适应), progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons is related to that adaptation — from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what's in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language.
21．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Culture belongs to human nature.
B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C．Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D．Education pushes the human species to progress.
22．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3
A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B．To stress the importance of tools in humans' struggle for life.
C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
23．The word "transmission" in Paragraph 4 probably means " ".
A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit
24．What is the writer's opinion on the nature-culture relationship
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C．Nature and culture are different but connected.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
25．Where can we read this passage
A．A magazine. B．A science fiction.
C．An advertisement. D．A poster.
【答案】21．D
22．C
23．B
24．C
25．A
【知识点】社会文化类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但是人类发展的研究表明，文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先理解题意，然后从文中找到相关语句，最终确定正确答案。
21．段落大意题。根据"Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle against human nature."和"Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures..." 可知，人们把教育的过程看作是一场与人性的斗争，教育把文化作为一种方式，让我们摆脱最广泛的天性。所以本段想说明教育推动人类进步。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据"Consider, for example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits." 可知，打猎似乎是一种适应，使人类能够进入新的和不同的地区，打开改变生活习惯的机会。文章提到打猎是为了展示文化是如何随着人类适应环境而发展的。故选C。
23．词义猜测题。根据"The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what's in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture." 可知，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。就像蜗牛带着它们的壳一样，我们也带着我们的文化。所以此处"transmission"的意思是"传播"，故选B。
24．观点态度题。根据"Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species." 可知，作者认为文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分，作者认为自然和文化之间是对立且密切联系的。故选C。
25．推理判断题。本文是一篇议论文。自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但是人类发展的研究表明，文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。最可能出现在一本杂志上。故选A。
（2022·哈尔滨模拟）根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
The natural world is colorful with humans, plants and animals showing different colors.
Human skin can be many different colors and it changes with the sun, our feelings or our health. This is because of pigments (色素) which reflect light and make what the eye sees as colors. So when we feel excited or angry, our heart can send more blood to the face and the pigments in the skin become red. This is why we have the expression that someone "sees red" when they are angry.
Plants also have pigments. Color is important for them to live on. The bright colors of flowers catch the attention of insects which then carry their pollen (花粉) from one flower to another. Bees can see colors that we cannot see, and they follow these to the inside of the flower. Without bees visiting flowers in this way, many plants would die out.
Animals also use color for their own need. They protect themselves with different colors in order not to be seen by predators. During summer some wild rabbits are brown, and in winter they are white so that they can hide in the snow so they can't be found or eaten. However, some animals use color as a warning to make predators stay away. Bright colors such as yellow and red are often used in this way. Nature, however, is very clever, and predators also use colors to attract the animals they feed on.
So we can see that there may be many different reasons and uses for colors in the natural world. Some uses of color in nature remain ( 保 持 ) unknown, but one thing is for sure: color not only makes our planet beautiful but it is also necessary for our planet to live on.
26．The underlined word " predators" in the fourth passage means " " in Chinese .
A．捕食者 B．生产者 C．消费者
27．Pigments（色素) can be found in the bodies of .
A．humans and plants
B．plants and animals
C．humans, plants and animals
28．If bees don't carry pollen from one plant to another, many plants will .
A．be dry B．be in need C．die out
29．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．When someone feels angry, the face can send more blood to the heart and the pigments in the skin become red.
B．Some wild rabbits are white in winter and black in summer.
C．We haven't known all the uses of color in nature.
30．Which is the main purpose of the passage
A．To explain the importance of protecting our planet.
B．To introduce the uses of colors for life on the earth.
C．To describe animals' ways of life.
【答案】26．A
27．C
28．C
29．C
30．B
【知识点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了颜色在地球生命中的应用。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含词义猜测题、细节理解题、主旨大意题，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干和选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
26．词义猜测题。根据They protect themselves with different colors in order not to be seen by…它们用不同的颜色保护自己，以免被……看到，可知动物为了不被捕食者看到而改变颜色，predator捕食者，故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据第二、三、四段，可知人类、植物、动物体内都有色素，故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据Without bees visiting flowers in this way, many plants would die out.可知如果蜜蜂不以这种方式访问花朵，许多植物就会灭绝。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据Some uses of color in nature remain ( 保 持 ) unknown…可知我们不知道颜色在自然界中的所有用途，故选C。
30．主旨大意题。根据最后一段So we can see that there may be many different reasons and uses for colors in the natural world.可知本文主要介绍了颜色在地球生命中的应用。故选B。
（2022·衢江模拟）阅读理解
It's commonly known that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) causes global warming. The whole world has made great efforts to improve the situation. Especially, the trees planted in China are playing an important role.
A report published in Nature shows that CO2 absorption (吸收) in two new forest areas in China is more than we thought. The two areas are located in China's southwestern and northeastern provinces. They make up over 35 percent of China's carbon sinks. Carbon sinks are natural systems that absorb and store CO2 from the air. The main natural carbon sinks are trees and other plants.
According to Paul Palmer, these provinces have been working on rapid forestation (造林) in large areas. Over the past 10 to 15 years, the forest areas have kept increasing by 400-4,400 square kilometers per year.
China is one of the world's biggest countries of human-produced CO2, ▲ . In 1978,
China began a national-level forestation project. Many trees have planted in the areas of northern China to act as windbreaks. For example, about one third of the Kubuqi Desert in Inner Mongolia is now covered with trees. In 2019, Alipay's Ant Forest program planted 122 million trees and won the UN Champions of the Earth award for helping 500 million people live low-carbon lives.
China's goal is to reach carbon neutrality by 2060. Carbon neutrality refers to removing as much CO2 as one puts into the air. If China's goal is achieved, it will lower global warming by around 0.2 to 0.3 C alone, according to Climate Action Tracker (CAT).
31．China's two new forest areas .
A．play an important role in tree-planting
B．are in the southwest and northeast of China
C．cover more than half of China's carbon sinks
D．mainly absorb and store trees and other plants
32．In Paragraph 3, Paul Palmer shows China's achievement in forestation by .
A．using numbers B．asking questions
C．giving examples D．comparing facts
33．Which of the following can be put in the in Paragraph 4
A．and it has caused serious environmental problems
B．so the government will take steps to stop air pollution
C．though most of Chinese people are living low-carbon lives
D．but our country has been working on reducing its climate influence
34．The passage mainly talks about .
A．what causes global warming
B．what China does to lower global warming
C．how China produces so much CO2
D．how trees absorb and store CO2 from the air
【答案】31．B
32．A
33．D
34．B
【知识点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲了中国为减缓全球变暖所做的一切。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A report published in Nature shows that CO2 , absorption in two new forest areas in China is more than we thouglht.The two areas are located in China's southwestern and northeastem provinces.（发表在《自然》杂志上的一份报告显示，中国两个新林区的二氧化碳吸收量超出了我们的想象。这两个林区位于中国的西南和东北省份。）”可知中国的两个新林区分别位于中国的西南部和东北部。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Over the past 10 to 15 years, the forest areas have kept increasing by 400—4,400 square kilometers per year.（在过去的 10 到 15 年间，森林面积以每年 400 到 4400 平方公里的速度不断增加）”可知在第三段，Paul Palmer通过列数字展示了中国在造林方面的成就。故选A。
33．推理判断题。下文讲中国为二氧化碳的产生对其后造成的危害所做的努力，由此可知虽然是世界上人为产生二氧化碳最多的国家之一，但一直在努力改变，设空处用“but our country has been working on reducing it climate influence"表示“但我们国家一直在努力减少对气候的影响“。故选D。
34．主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章主要讲了中国为减缓全球变暖所做的一切。故选B。
四、书面表达
35．（2021·深圳模拟）现在我们正面临全球变暖和资源短缺的问题，因此我们在日常生活中践行低碳生活是非常重要的。请以"How to Live a Low carbon Life"为题，写一篇80词左右的短文，谈一谈你对低碳生活的理解。
要点：①节约水电；
②不使用塑料袋；
③绿色出行；
④自行补充一点。
How to Live a Low carbon Life
Now we are facing problems of global warming and a shortage of natural resources,
【答案】How to Live a Low-carbon Life
Now we are facing problems of global warming and a shortage of natural resources.As we all know, having a low﹣carbon life will be very important to us. We can save energy. It's also good for reducing pollution and improving our environment.
What can we do for the environment There are many ways.We should turn off lights and taps in time after using them. And we'd better walk to school or ride our bikes. We should use cloth bags when shopping instead of using plastic bags all the time. And planting more trees can make our environment become better. We should turn off the lights, the TV and the computer when we leave the classroom. When we go out, we'd better walk instead of taking a bus or car.
What's more, it's a good idea to reuse the books as possible as we can.
In fact, if everyone does something for the environment, I believe the earth will be a better place. And our world will be more beautiful.
【知识点】提纲作文
【解析】【分析】这篇作文要求根据所给的要点，以 "How to Live a Low carbon Life"为题 ，谈一谈对低碳生活的理解。分析可知时态用一般现在时，人称用第一人称。动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围绕要点组织材料，然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。确定时态，注意动词的正确形式，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。
【点评】考查提纲作文。文章内容完整、充实，层次清晰，主次分明，文意连贯，表达流畅。短文中使用了正确时态和人称，用词准确，语法规范。句式结构完整，符合英语的表达习惯。及简单句结构为基础，穿插了并列句、状语从句、宾语从句等复合句结构。高分亮点：短语：be good for，turn off，had better，instead of，句型：We should use cloth bags when shopping instead of using plastic bagsall the time.In fact, if everyone does something forthe environment, I believe the earth will be a better place.
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