中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
话题5历史、社会与文化《人与社会》（原版卷）
一、单选题
1．（2022·贵州）Judy read ________ unusual report from Kaili Evening on June 10. ________ report was about the doctors and nurses assisting (援助)Shanghai in the fight against COVID-19.
A．a; A B．an; The C．a; The D．an; An
2．（2022·达州）—Gu Ailing ___________her dream and won two gold medals in Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
—___________excellent girl!
A．achieved; How B．came true; How
C．achieved; What an D．came true; What an
3．（2022·贵州）The journey to Congjiang is a great ________ for Steve to learn more about the magic places that he has known from books and pictures.
A．introduction B．competition C．pressure D．chance
4．（2022·武威）Linda spoke too quietly. I could ________ hear her at the back.
A．always B．ever C．hardly D．usually
5．（2022·贵州）—Ms. Huang, what would you like ________ your afternoon tea
—Just a cup of coffee ________ any sugar or milk.
A．for, without B．to; without C．for, with D．to; with
6．（2022·宿迁）Amy did very well in her report, She is ________ to pay attention to every detail.
A．enough careful B．careful enough
C．enough careless D．careless enough
7．（2022·贵州）The Internet makes _________ lives easier, but it sometimes brings trouble to __________ students.
A．we; us B．us; we C．our; us D．ours; we
8．（2021·铜仁）—Has your father come back yet
—No. He _____ come back ______ this Sunday.
A．doesn't; until B．won't; after
C．doesn't; after D．won't; until
9．（2022·宿迁）—People in our town planted ________ trees on Tree Planting Day.
—Good job! Everyone can do something to make our town greener.
A．hundred B．hundred of C．hundreds D．hundreds of
10．（2022·荆州）— Could you please tell me____
— You can park it in the parking lot, across from the street.
A．where I can park my car B．when I can park my car
C．how can I get to the parking lot D．it is the way to the parking lot
二、完形填空
（2022·长沙）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I went to Beijing to study Chinese last year. I was 11． about all the chances to better my language skills, work on the Great Wall, and most of all, eat real Chinese food！I 12． remember my first jianbing, jiaozi and Peking duck, each of them was amazing in its own way.
I knew that real Chinese food would be different from the Chinese food I had eaten in the USA. I couldn't wait to try all the 13． dishes that came up in my research about Chinese food. One of my favorite turned out to be hotpot(火锅).
My first-ever hotpot experience in Old Beijing was 14． . As a first-timer, I was moved by the waiter's 15． and their warmth of welcome. They tried their best to introduce all of the oils and spices(调味香料)to me.
Looking around, I found that everyone had their own favorite sauce combinations(酱料组合), ingredients and styles (食材和风格). Some would carefully 16． the ingredients into the hotpot one after another. Others would impatiently put whole plates into the bubbling(冒泡的)oil. You can learn a lot from the 17． people eat hotpot.
When I went back to the USA, I 18． to prepare a hotpot meal for my family. It allowed me to not only share the culture that I had learned about, but also offer others a chance to 19． China that I had. It is amazing that 20． could bring so much to life!
11．A．sorry B．excited C．tired
12．A．still B．never C．hardly
13．A．heart-breaking B．mouth -watering C．time-saving
14．A．unforgettable B．unpleasant C．unlucky
15．A．coldness B．laziness C．friendliness
16．A．play B．put C．wash
17．A．way B．tool C．price
18．A．hated B．refused C．decided
19．A．help B．build C．experience
20．A．jiaozi B．hotpot C．Peking duck
三、阅读理解
（2021·北京）阅读理解
Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and. on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However. this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures. such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应), progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons(武器) is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what's in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language.
21．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Culture belongs to human nature.
B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C．Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D．Education pushes the human species to progress.
22．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3
A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B．To stress the importance of tools in humans' struggle for life.
C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
23．The word "transmission" in Paragraph 4 probably means "____________".
A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit
24．What is the writer's opinion on the nature-culture relationship
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C．Nature and culture are different but connected.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
（2022·贵港）阅读理解
A Chinese knot (中国结) is woven (编织) with a single rope (绳). It has different shapes. Each shape has its own meaning. People can use ropes of different colors to weave a Chinese knot, but they usually use red because it means good luck.
The Chinese knot, a folk art, has a long history. People first made them to record information and send messages before they started to use words. The knots were used for decoration (装饰) and to express thoughts and feelings in the Tang Dynasty. They were later popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. But this art wasn't really accepted by the common people until the Qing Dynasty.
Even today, Chinese knots still hold the value of feelings when they are sent as gifts. For example, lovers may give a knot to show their love. The "double happiness knot" is given and used at weddings (婚礼) to express each other's love and wishes for growing old together.
Knots are also used when people make traditional clothes in China. They can play the role of buttons (纽扣) and now silk is widely used to make these clothing knots.
Many tourists including foreigners like to buy Chinese knots as gifts during their trips. There are many shopping streets for people to buy Chinese knots. Yiwu Commodity Market in Zhejiang Province is a good place for that. There are many different kinds of beautiful Chinese knots there. They are popular with customers.
25．_______ of a Chinese knot can show its own meaning.
A．The size B．The weight C．The color D．The shape
26．Why do people usually use red ropes to weave the Chinese knots
A．Because they look nice.
B．Because they mean good luck.
C．Because they show love.
D．Because they mean growing old together.
27．When did Chinese common people really accept the folk art
A．In the Tang Dynasty. B．In the Song Dynasty.
C．In the Ming Dynasty. D．In the Qing Dynasty.
28．What is widely used to make traditional clothing buttons now
A．Wood. B．Metal. C．Silk. D．Plastic.
29．Which of the following is NOT true
A．Only Chinese people like to buy the Chinese knots.
B．Today people use a "double happiness knot" to express love to their lovers.
C．Tourists can buy many different kinds of Chinese knots in Yiwu Commodity Market.
D．People used Chinese knots to record information and send messages before using words.
（2021·台州）阅读理解
The Youth Climate Summit (气候峰会) a week-long festival of climate action for primary and middle schools in the UK, starts on 9 November. It aims to create a fairer, more environmental world and make promises that will help the planet. Climate change is the long-term changes in the world's weather patterns that are mostly caused by human activity. "Unlike world leaders, "say the summit's organizers. "young people are refusing to let it drop off the plan. "
Each day has a topic, which includes food and fashion, looking at how humans harm the environment and how to save the planet. Organizations are leading some on line activities. For example, the Marine Conservation Society is hosting meetings on protecting sea fish. Separately, the environmental organization Greenpeace is running a workshop on how to turn worn-out clothing into something new and wearable.
The summit will finish on 13 November, when youth ambassadors (大使) wants schools to stop paper waste. Max, another 16-year-old ambassador wants schools to organize more trips and activities that get students outside to experience the beauty of nature. As part of the summit, hundreds of schools across the country are signing up to the Let's Go Zero activity, aiming to become carbon-zero (零碳的) by 2030.
Carbon-zero schools are ones that promise to stop emitting carbon in seven areas, including where they get their food and how they use water and recycle their waste. The activity is run by Ashden, a charity working towards climate solutions. Ashden hopes that schools will be able to help each other by sharing ideas and methods. It is also calling on the Government to back the promise. Head over to transform-our-world. org where you can find out more.
30．The writer develops the first sentence in Paragraph 2 mainly by
A．telling stories B．comparing facts
C．giving examples D．listing numbers
31．Max advises schools to _______________________.
A．recycle and reuse old clothes
B．prevent students from wasting paper
C．have meetings on saving endangered sea fish
D．provide more chances for students to enjoy the nature
32．The underlined word "emitting" in Paragraph 4 is the closest in meaning to"____________".
A．using up B．taking in C．sending out D．cutting down
33．The purpose of the passage is mainly to ___________________.
A．explain the problems with climate change
B．develop children's ability to solve social problems
C．introduce the environmental organizations to schools
D．encourage young people to care more about climate change
四、书面表达
34．（2021·自贡）假定你是李华，你校将为在自贡的英国交换生举办一次中国文化体验活动。请根据以下提示写封邮件给交换生负责人Peter，告知体验活动当天的相关安排，内容包括：
1）统一集合，乘车前往；
2）活动内容：参观恐龙博物馆；观看彩灯制作；欣赏二胡演奏等；
3）注意事项。
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可以适当増加细节, 以使行文连贯；
3）开头语和结束语已为你写好。
参考词汇：恐龙:dinosaur 化石:fossil 彩灯：colorful lantern
Dear Peter,
How's everything going I'm writing to tell you something about the Chinese cultural activity which our school will organize for your exchange students.
……
Hope you enjoy your trip.
Yours,
Li Hua
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
话题5历史、社会与文化《人与社会》（解析卷）
一、单选题
1．（2022·贵州）Judy read ________ unusual report from Kaili Evening on June 10. ________ report was about the doctors and nurses assisting (援助)Shanghai in the fight against COVID-19.
A．a; A B．an; The C．a; The D．an; An
【答案】B
【知识点】表示数量“一”；表示特指
【解析】【分析】句意：6月10日，朱迪读了《凯里晚报》一篇不同寻常的报道。该报道是关于医生和护士协助上海抗击新冠肺炎疫情的。a/an表示数量是一，第一次出现，泛指，以元音音素开头的用an，以辅音音素开头的用a；the表示特指，第二次及其以上出现。第一空表示“一篇不同寻常的报道”，表泛指，且unusual是以元音音素开头的，故第一空填an。第二空特指前文提到的report，表示特指，故第二空应填冠词the，故选B。
【点评】考查冠词辨析，首先识记a/an/the区别，然后根据关键词unusual和report确定冠词。
2．（2022·达州）—Gu Ailing ___________her dream and won two gold medals in Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
—___________excellent girl!
A．achieved; How B．came true; How
C．achieved; What an D．came true; What an
【答案】C
【知识点】what引导的感叹句；动词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——谷爱玲实现了她的梦想，在2022年冬奥会上赢得了两块金牌。——多么优秀的女孩儿啊！achieved，动词， 实现，主语是人；came true，实现，主语是物；what引导感叹句的结构是what+a/an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语；how引导感叹句的结构是how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语；第一空的主语Gu Ailing 是人，人实现梦想动词用achieved，第二句是感叹句，girl是可数名词单数，用what引导，excellent是元音音标开头，用an，即what an，故选C。
【点评】考查动词辨析和感叹句。识记动词achieve、come true的区别及what、how引导感叹句的结构。
3．（2022·贵州）The journey to Congjiang is a great ________ for Steve to learn more about the magic places that he has known from books and pictures.
A．introduction B．competition C．pressure D．chance
【答案】D
【知识点】名词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：从江之旅对于史蒂夫来说是一个很好的了解更多的神奇地方的机会，这些地方他已经从书和图片了解了。introduction介绍；competition比赛；pressure压力；chance机会。根据learn more about the magic places that he has known from books and picture这些地方他已经从书和图片了解了，可知这对于他来说是一个极好的机会，故选D。
【点评】考查名词辨析，首先理解名词词义，然后根据句意确定单词。
4．（2022·武威）Linda spoke too quietly. I could ________ hear her at the back.
A．always B．ever C．hardly D．usually
【答案】C
【知识点】副词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：琳达说话太小声了。我几乎听不见她在后面说话。A.总是；B.曾经；C.几乎不；D.通常。根据Linda spoke too quietly.琳达说话太轻了，可知我几乎听不见她在后面说话，故选C。
【点评】考查副词辨析，首先理解副词词义，然后根据前后句句意确定。
5．（2022·贵州）—Ms. Huang, what would you like ________ your afternoon tea
—Just a cup of coffee ________ any sugar or milk.
A．for, without B．to; without C．for, with D．to; with
【答案】A
【知识点】介词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——黄小姐，您的下午茶要喝点什么？——只要一杯咖啡，不加糖和牛奶。for为了；to到；without没有；with带有。for+某一顿餐食，固定搭配，所以第一个用for。any用于否定句，故第二空填否定介词without，故选A。
【点评】考查介词辨析，首先识记介词区别，然后识记固定搭配for+三餐，理解any用在否定句。
6．（2022·宿迁）Amy did very well in her report, She is ________ to pay attention to every detail.
A．enough careful B．careful enough
C．enough careless D．careless enough
【答案】B
【知识点】其他副词；形容词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意： 艾米的报告做得很好，她足够仔细，可以注意每一个细节。careful仔细的，形容词；careless粗心的，形容词；enough足够，副词，修饰形容词放在后面，排除A和C；根据to pay attention to every detail 可知，此处指足够仔细，故选B。
【点评】考查形容词辨析和副词的位置。注意enough修饰形容词放在后面。
7．（2022·贵州）The Internet makes _________ lives easier, but it sometimes brings trouble to __________ students.
A．we; us B．us; we C．our; us D．ours; we
【答案】C
【知识点】代词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：互联网使我们的生活更容易，但它有时给我们学生带来麻烦。we我们，人称代词主格，做主语；us我们，人称代词宾格，作宾语；our我们的，形容词性物主代词，修饰名词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词，不能修饰名词。lives生活，名词，前面用形容词性物主代词our，排除A、B、D，第二空位于介词to后，要填人称代词宾格us，故选C。
【点评】考查代词辨析，首先识记代词区别，然后根据关键词lives和to确定介词。
8．（2021·铜仁）—Has your father come back yet
—No. He _____ come back ______ this Sunday.
A．doesn't; until B．won't; after
C．doesn't; after D．won't; until
【答案】D
【知识点】连词辨析；一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：——你父亲回来了吗？——不，他要到这个星期天才会回来。固定搭配，not…until…，直到……，才…… 。根据题意，直到周日才回来。故排除B和C。因为还没有回来，回来是将来发生的事，故用将来时will的否定，即won't，故选D。
【点评】考查连词辨析和一般将来时。在做题时要注意是否有固定搭配，除此之外还要考虑词组中动词的时态。
9．（2022·宿迁）—People in our town planted ________ trees on Tree Planting Day.
—Good job! Everyone can do something to make our town greener.
A．hundred B．hundred of C．hundreds D．hundreds of
【答案】D
【知识点】固定搭配；整数表达
【解析】【分析】句意：—— 我们镇上的人们在植树节种了数以百计棵树。——做得好！每个人都可以做些事情让我们的小镇更环保。 hundred 百，当前面有具体数字时，后面不加s，当前面没有具体数字，后面有介词of时，单词后面要加s，hundreds of，数以百计的，固定短语，故选D。
【点评】考查基数词和固定搭配。注意固定搭配hundreds of。
10．（2022·荆州）— Could you please tell me____
— You can park it in the parking lot, across from the street.
A．where I can park my car B．when I can park my car
C．how can I get to the parking lot D．it is the way to the parking lot
【答案】A
【知识点】连接代词或连接副词引导
【解析】【分析】句意：——你能告诉我在哪里停车吗？——你可以停在街对面的停车场。tell，动词，告诉，可用于“tell sb.+宾语从句”结构，其中宾语从句是陈述语序，根据“You can park it in the parking lot, across from the street.”可知希望对方告知停车的地点，where，哪里，用在此处符合句意，故选A。
【点评】考查宾语从句。注意根据语境判断宾语从句的连接词。
二、完形填空
（2022·长沙）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I went to Beijing to study Chinese last year. I was 11． about all the chances to better my language skills, work on the Great Wall, and most of all, eat real Chinese food！I 12． remember my first jianbing, jiaozi and Peking duck, each of them was amazing in its own way.
I knew that real Chinese food would be different from the Chinese food I had eaten in the USA. I couldn't wait to try all the 13． dishes that came up in my research about Chinese food. One of my favorite turned out to be hotpot(火锅).
My first-ever hotpot experience in Old Beijing was 14． . As a first-timer, I was moved by the waiter's 15． and their warmth of welcome. They tried their best to introduce all of the oils and spices(调味香料)to me.
Looking around, I found that everyone had their own favorite sauce combinations(酱料组合), ingredients and styles (食材和风格). Some would carefully 16． the ingredients into the hotpot one after another. Others would impatiently put whole plates into the bubbling(冒泡的)oil. You can learn a lot from the 17． people eat hotpot.
When I went back to the USA, I 18． to prepare a hotpot meal for my family. It allowed me to not only share the culture that I had learned about, but also offer others a chance to 19． China that I had. It is amazing that 20． could bring so much to life!
11．A．sorry B．excited C．tired
12．A．still B．never C．hardly
13．A．heart-breaking B．mouth -watering C．time-saving
14．A．unforgettable B．unpleasant C．unlucky
15．A．coldness B．laziness C．friendliness
16．A．play B．put C．wash
17．A．way B．tool C．price
18．A．hated B．refused C．decided
19．A．help B．build C．experience
20．A．jiaozi B．hotpot C．Peking duck
【答案】11．B；12．A；13．B；14．A；15．C；16．B；17．A；18．C；19．C；20．B
【知识点】日常生活类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了作者在中国吃火锅的经历。
【点评】考查完形填空，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析选项，根据上下文内容及语法知识进行选择。
11．句意：我很高兴有机会提高我的语言技能。sorry遗憾的；excited兴奋的；tired疲惫的。根据“about all the chances to better my language skills”以及全文可知，作者是喜欢中国的，此处需填入一个褒义词，B选项符合语境。be excited about，对……感到兴奋”。故选B。
12．句意：我还记得我的第一个煎饼、饺子和北京烤鸭。still仍然；never从不；hardly几乎不。根据“Each of them was amazing in its own way”可知，作者仍然记得煎饼、饺子和北京烤鸭。故选A。
13．句意：我迫不及待地想尝尝我研究中餐时发现的所有令人垂涎的菜肴。heart-breaking令人心碎的；mouth-watering令人垂涎的；time-saving节省时间的。根据“One of my favorites turned out to be hotpot”可知，此处是指令人垂涎的菜肴。故选B。
14．句意：我在老北京的第一次火锅体验令人难忘。unforgettable难忘的；unpleasant不愉快的；unlucky不幸运的。根据“As a first-timer.I was moved by the waiter's...They tried their best to introduce all of the oils andspices tome”可知，作者觉得第一次火锅体验是难忘的。故选A。
15．句意：作为第一次来的人，我被服务员的友善和热情的欢迎所感动。coldness冷漠；laziness懒惰；friendliness友好。根据“and their warmth of welcome”可知，此处需填入一个词与“warmth”并列，C选项符合语境，意为“友好”。故选C。
16．句意：有些人会小心翼翼地将他们的食材一个接一个地放入火锅中。play玩；put放置；wash洗。根据their ingredients into thehotpot”和常识可知，是把食材放进火锅。固定短语put…into…“把……放进………”。故选B。
17．句意：你可以从人们吃火锅的方式中学到很多东西。way方式；tool工具；price价格。根据“Some would carefully…their ingredients into the hotpot one after another. Others would impatiently put whole plates into thebubbling(冒泡的)oil可知，此处是指吃火锅的方式。故选A。
18．句意：回美国后，我决定为家人准备一顿火锅。hated讨厌；refused拒绝；decided决定。根据“to prepare a hotpot meal for my family”可知，此处是指准备了一顿火锅。固定短语decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故选C。
19．句意：它让我不仅可以分享我所了解的文化，还可以让其他人有机会像我一样体验中国。help帮助；build建筑；experience经历。根据My first-ever hotpot experience in Old Beijing was”以及but also offer others a chance to.…China that I had”可知，此处是指体验中国的文化。故选C。
20．句意：火锅能给生活带来如此多的东西真是太神奇了！jiaozi饺子；hotpot火锅；Peking duck北京烤鸭。根据“prepare a hotpot meal for my family”可知，此处是强调火锅能给生活带来很多东西。故选B。
三、阅读理解
（2021·北京）阅读理解
Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and. on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However. this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures. such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应), progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons(武器) is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what's in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language.
21．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Culture belongs to human nature.
B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C．Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D．Education pushes the human species to progress.
22．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3
A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B．To stress the importance of tools in humans' struggle for life.
C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
23．The word "transmission" in Paragraph 4 probably means "____________".
A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit
24．What is the writer's opinion on the nature-culture relationship
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C．Nature and culture are different but connected.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
【答案】21．D
22．C
23．B
24．C
【知识点】社会文化类；议论文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但人类发展的研究表明，二者但是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。
【点评】考查阅读理解，做题时要先浏览文章，然后将题干与原文有机的结合，从文中找到相关细节性的句子与选项细细对比，有时可采用排除法快速得出答案。
21．段落大意题。根据第二段"Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle（斗争） against human nature"几位现代作家把教育的过程看作是一场与人性的斗争。可推断，第二段主要介绍了教育推动人类进步。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段"It seems to be an adaptation,which allowed humans to move into new and different areas,opening up the opportunity to change living habits."这似乎是一种适应，使人类能够进入新的和不同的地区，打开改变生活习惯的机会。可知，作者第三段谈论狩猎是为了展示文化是如何随着人类适应环境而发展的。故选C。
23．词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句句意：文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。正如蜗牛带着壳一样，我们也会带着自己的文化。结合选项可推出，transmission的意思是"传播"，故选B。
24．观点态度题。根据第三段"It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied"很明显，生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的。结合文章内容可推知，作者认为自然和文化是不同的，但互为联系。故选C。
（2022·贵港）阅读理解
A Chinese knot (中国结) is woven (编织) with a single rope (绳). It has different shapes. Each shape has its own meaning. People can use ropes of different colors to weave a Chinese knot, but they usually use red because it means good luck.
The Chinese knot, a folk art, has a long history. People first made them to record information and send messages before they started to use words. The knots were used for decoration (装饰) and to express thoughts and feelings in the Tang Dynasty. They were later popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. But this art wasn't really accepted by the common people until the Qing Dynasty.
Even today, Chinese knots still hold the value of feelings when they are sent as gifts. For example, lovers may give a knot to show their love. The "double happiness knot" is given and used at weddings (婚礼) to express each other's love and wishes for growing old together.
Knots are also used when people make traditional clothes in China. They can play the role of buttons (纽扣) and now silk is widely used to make these clothing knots.
Many tourists including foreigners like to buy Chinese knots as gifts during their trips. There are many shopping streets for people to buy Chinese knots. Yiwu Commodity Market in Zhejiang Province is a good place for that. There are many different kinds of beautiful Chinese knots there. They are popular with customers.
25．_______ of a Chinese knot can show its own meaning.
A．The size B．The weight C．The color D．The shape
26．Why do people usually use red ropes to weave the Chinese knots
A．Because they look nice.
B．Because they mean good luck.
C．Because they show love.
D．Because they mean growing old together.
27．When did Chinese common people really accept the folk art
A．In the Tang Dynasty. B．In the Song Dynasty.
C．In the Ming Dynasty. D．In the Qing Dynasty.
28．What is widely used to make traditional clothing buttons now
A．Wood. B．Metal. C．Silk. D．Plastic.
29．Which of the following is NOT true
A．Only Chinese people like to buy the Chinese knots.
B．Today people use a "double happiness knot" to express love to their lovers.
C．Tourists can buy many different kinds of Chinese knots in Yiwu Commodity Market.
D．People used Chinese knots to record information and send messages before using words.
【答案】25．D
26．B
27．D
28．C
29．A
【知识点】社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了中国结的发展历史以及它的寓意。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先快速通读全文了解大意，然后分析问题，带着关键词在原文中找答案。
25．细节理解题。根据It has different shapes. Each shape has its own meaning.可知，中国结的形状可以显示它自身的意义，故答案为D。
26．细节理解题。根据they usually use red because it means good luck可知，因为它们意味着好运，故答案为B。
27．细节理解题。根据But this art wasn't really accepted by the common people until the Qing Dynasty.可知，直到清代，这种艺术才真正被人们所接受，故答案为D。
28．细节理解题。根据now silk is widely used to make these clothing knots可知，现在丝绸被广泛用于制作这些衣服纽扣，故答案为C。
29．细节理解题。根据Many tourists including foreigners like to buy Chinese knots as gifts during their trips.可知，A选项“只有中国人喜欢买中国结”表述错误，故答案为A。
（2021·台州）阅读理解
The Youth Climate Summit (气候峰会) a week-long festival of climate action for primary and middle schools in the UK, starts on 9 November. It aims to create a fairer, more environmental world and make promises that will help the planet. Climate change is the long-term changes in the world's weather patterns that are mostly caused by human activity. "Unlike world leaders, "say the summit's organizers. "young people are refusing to let it drop off the plan. "
Each day has a topic, which includes food and fashion, looking at how humans harm the environment and how to save the planet. Organizations are leading some on line activities. For example, the Marine Conservation Society is hosting meetings on protecting sea fish. Separately, the environmental organization Greenpeace is running a workshop on how to turn worn-out clothing into something new and wearable.
The summit will finish on 13 November, when youth ambassadors (大使) wants schools to stop paper waste. Max, another 16-year-old ambassador wants schools to organize more trips and activities that get students outside to experience the beauty of nature. As part of the summit, hundreds of schools across the country are signing up to the Let's Go Zero activity, aiming to become carbon-zero (零碳的) by 2030.
Carbon-zero schools are ones that promise to stop emitting carbon in seven areas, including where they get their food and how they use water and recycle their waste. The activity is run by Ashden, a charity working towards climate solutions. Ashden hopes that schools will be able to help each other by sharing ideas and methods. It is also calling on the Government to back the promise. Head over to transform-our-world. org where you can find out more.
30．The writer develops the first sentence in Paragraph 2 mainly by
A．telling stories B．comparing facts
C．giving examples D．listing numbers
31．Max advises schools to _______________________.
A．recycle and reuse old clothes
B．prevent students from wasting paper
C．have meetings on saving endangered sea fish
D．provide more chances for students to enjoy the nature
32．The underlined word "emitting" in Paragraph 4 is the closest in meaning to"____________".
A．using up B．taking in C．sending out D．cutting down
33．The purpose of the passage is mainly to ___________________.
A．explain the problems with climate change
B．develop children's ability to solve social problems
C．introduce the environmental organizations to schools
D．encourage young people to care more about climate change
【答案】30．C
31．D
32．C
33．D
【知识点】社会活动类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要讲了气候变化问题及各组织所举办的相关活动和发出的建议，以此来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化问题。
【点评】考查社会活动类阅读。猜测词义我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段In Cricket,children would find wonderful stories with beautiful art,
and be encouraged by ideas in the humanities and sciences.（在蟋蟀杂志中，孩子们会发现美妙的故事与美丽的艺术，并受到人文和科学思想的鼓励。）可以推断蟋蟀杂志最有可能是给儿童的， 故答案为B。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句Max，another 16-year-old ambassador wants school to organize more trips and activities that get students outside to experience the beauty of nature"，可知Max 建议学校多组织一些户外的短途旅行和活动等，以此来帮助学生体验大自然的美，故答案为D。
32．词义猜测题。A.用尽，用完；B.吸收，吸入；C.发送，放出;；D.砍倒；根据第四段的第一句Carbon-zero school以及全文都提及气候变化，可推测出"零碳学校"倡导的是停止碳的"排放"。结合选项可知C与"emitting"意思相近。故答案为C。
33．主旨大意题。根据第一段提及的气候变化和环境问题以及下文介绍了不同组织所举办的各项活动和所发出的各项倡议，可知作者的是通过文章来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化的问题。故答案为D。
四、书面表达
34．（2021·自贡）假定你是李华，你校将为在自贡的英国交换生举办一次中国文化体验活动。请根据以下提示写封邮件给交换生负责人Peter，告知体验活动当天的相关安排，内容包括：
1）统一集合，乘车前往；
2）活动内容：参观恐龙博物馆；观看彩灯制作；欣赏二胡演奏等；
3）注意事项。
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可以适当増加细节, 以使行文连贯；
3）开头语和结束语已为你写好。
参考词汇：恐龙:dinosaur 化石:fossil 彩灯：colorful lantern
Dear Peter,
How's everything going I'm writing to tell you something about the Chinese cultural activity which our school will organize for your exchange students.
……
Hope you enjoy your trip.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
How's everything going I'm writing to tell you something about the Chinese cultural activity which our school will organize for your exchange students.
We are going to meet at the school gate. Then we'll go to visit Museum of Dinosaur by coach. There you'll see many different kinds of dinosaur fossil. After visiting the museum, we're going to watch the colorful lantern production. You will learn how to make the colourful lanterns. If you want to have a try, you can make them by yourselves. In the afternoon, we will go to enjoy erhu playing. It's very interesting. At five o'clock, we will come back to our school.
Hope you enjoy your trip.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇提纲作文。要求你以李华的身份写封邮件给交换生负责人Peter，告知你校将为在自贡的英国交换生举办一次中国文化体验活动当天的相关安排 。要包含所给的内容，不要照搬翻译，可以适当发挥，要求条理清楚，表达符合英文逻辑，主要用一般将来时，主语是第一人称。注意用一些固定搭配和固定句型为文章增色，同时注意使用连词，使文章上下文联系更紧密。
【点评】这篇短文根据所给的三个内容逐一阐述，条理清晰，意思连贯，表达清楚，时态正确，使用了一些连词如 Then 和 After；运用了一些固定搭配如 different kinds of，have a try，by yourselves，In the afternoon 等，同时也使用了复合句 If you want to have a try, you can make them by yourselves. 这些好词好句的应用使文章增色很多。
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