中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
话题10宇宙探系《人与自然》（原版卷）
一、单选题
1．（2022·扬州）China has helped end 70% of poverty worldwide since ________ late 1970s, according to ________ World Bank.
A．a; a B．the; the C．a; the D．the; a
2．（2022·襄阳）—Primary school students will have the cooking course.
—That _________ great. Cooking is a necessary life skill.
A．looks B．tastes C．smells D．sounds
3．（2022·荆州）— How's the_____ in your city
— Not very good. There are always long lines of cars on roads especially on rainy days.
A．food B．weather C．culture D．traffic
4．（2021·安徽）The dancing teacher gives us instructions until we are perfect in every move.
A．patiently B．quickly C．bravely D．suddenly
5．（2021·安徽）Our country has made great progress in the fight blue skies and clear waters.
A．in B．for C．against D．between
6．（2022·贵港）—Are you going to ride your bike to the beach
—Yes. It's ________ of all.
A．convenient B．more convenient
C．most convenient D．the most convenient
7．（2021·大庆）On the website, you can chat with ________ in English to improve your spoken English.
A．other B．another C．the other D．others
8．（2021·云南）______ he heard the little girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room.
A．As soon as B．Unless C．If D．Although
9．（2020·遂宁）They worked for________ days, and finished the________ task successfully.
A．twelve; two B．twelve; second
C．twelfth; two D．twelfth; second
10．（2022·北京）—Do you know _________ the new national park
—Yes, I do. To protect wildlife and benefit the local people.
A．why did China set up B．why China set up
C．when did China set up D．when China set up
二、任务型阅读
11．（2020·济阳模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you remember what
your dream job was when you were a kid If you want to be a superhero, your
dream may never come true. However, there are a number of other jobs you can
do! Kids want these jobs because of the interest,
the fame, the money and so on. Here are the top 5 kids' dream jobs in America.
Astronaut
They go to bed dreaming of exploring space,
walking on the moon, living in a space station and wearing a spacesuit. So
there is no doubt that the astronauts are their future dream jobs. But to be an
astronaut needs to have a high level of physical fitness and all kinds of
training.
Astronaut salary: $
66,026~$ 144,566 / year
Teacher
Many kids dream of
becoming a teacher because they have a good childhood memory at school.
They used to enjoy
school life and help others in school.
Teacher salary: $ 28,790~$ 58,030 / year
Vet
Kids who love pets and
animals hope to be a vet from a very young age. Because they know that vets can
treat sick animals and help the animals that they love. Vets must complete four
years of school to receive a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM or VMD). They
also need a state license.
Vet salary: $ 88,770 /
year
Doctor
Becoming a doctor is one
of the most common childhood dream jobs. Kids see doctors as superheroes. Doctors need not only 4 years of college, but
also 4 years of medical school.
Doctor salary: $ 208,000
/ year
Police Officer
Kids often dream of
becoming police officers, like their favorite superheroes. Police officers
always fight against bad people and help the people in trouble. In order to become a policeman, they must
graduate from their agency's training program.
Police officer salary: $
61,600 / year
A. These jobs interest kids
greatly.
B. Children admire them
because they are very brave.
C. As soon as people see
doctors, they feel afraid and nervous.
D. Many kids want to be
astronauts when they grow up.
E. If you want to be a
teacher, you should get a teacher license first.
F. They save many people's
lives and keep people healthy.
G. Some children think Santa
Claus is their dream job in the future.
三、完形填空
（2021·潍坊）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项。
Space suits don't just make astronauts look cool. Without these 12． suits, astronauts wouldn't be able to leave their spaceship. That is to say, they wouldn't be able to 13． on the Moon or work outside the International Space Station.
Space is a 14． place for human beings. Firstly, there is no air to breathe. Secondly, space also has high levels of radiation (辐射), energy that can pass through our bodies and make us 15． . Thirdly, some parts of space are really cold 16． other parts are very hot. So astronauts could die in just a few seconds if they 17． outside their spaceship without their suits. With a space suit, though, astronauts can move around in space for several hours.
Space suits keep astronauts 18． sealed (密封的) inside. A backpack sends O2 in to let astronauts breathe normally. At the same time, the CO2 19． astronauts breathe out is sucked away. The suit also protects them from harmful radiation and fast-moving space dust. 20． the space suit is another suit that looks like a pair of tight pajamas (睡衣) with little pipes running through them. Water runs through these pipes to 21． astronauts because wearing a space suit can make astronauts very hot!
12．A．private B．special C．plastic D．expensive
13．A．run B．walk C．live D．surf
14．A．funny B．natural C．beautiful D．dangerous
15．A．sick B．bored C．strong D．relaxed
16．A．after B．since C．before D．while
17．A．rushed B．jumped C．stepped D．escaped
18．A．safely B．quickly C．quietly D．terribly
19．A．who B．this C．that D．whether
20．A．Above B．Under C．Behind D．Between
21．A．wash away B．warm up C．cool off D．clean out
四、阅读理解
（2022·白银）阅读以下新闻稿，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。
Life in Outer Space
Chinese taikonauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu carried out the Shenzhou-13 spaceflight mission (任务) that started on Oct. 15, 2021. This mission lasts 6 months, which was also a national record. Zhai is the commander (指令长) who performed China's first spacewalk in the Shenzhou-7 mission in 2008. Wang, who was in the Shenzhou-10 mission in 2013, is the first Chinese woman astronaut to visit China's space station. Ye is a new comer to space.
The trio had carried out two spacewalks and completed more than 20 scientific tasks. Besides their tasks, they had also given two live lectures from the space station, showing the students their living and working areas at the Tianhe core module and several scientific experiments under zero-gravity conditions and answering real-time questions from students.
The trio also became the first Chinese to spend the nation's most important festival — the Chinese Lunar New Year — in outer space.
They returned to Earth on April 16, 2022 and made Shenzhou-13 mission a great success.
22．How long was the mission that was carried out by the taikonauts
A．13 months. B．10 months. C．7 months. D．6 months.
23．What does the underlined " trio " probably mean
A．A group of two. B．A group of three.
C．A group of four. D．A group of five.
24．Which paragraph tells us what the taikonauts had mainly done in this mission in space
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
25．What would be the most suitable to replace ________ in the picture
A．Commander Zhai held a pair of couplets and wished the Chinese people good health.
B．Wang, with a red balloon in hand, wished children across the country healthy growth.
C．Ye held a sticker with the Chinese character " fu, " and wished the Chinese people a happy Lunar New Year.
D．The taikonauts have put up red lanterns, Chinese knots and paper-cut craft to celebrate the Chinese New Year.
26．Which of the following is NOT true
A．All the three taikonauts had been to the space before.
B．Zhai Zhigang is a commander.
C．The trio gave two live lectures from the space station.
D．They returned to earth in mid-April.
（2021·绍兴）阅读理解
Visiting outer space is still a far dream for anyone who isn't an astronaut, but a day trip to the stars is already open for people to order!
A new company (公司), Space Perspective, is planning tests with passengers. It has big plans to run up to 500 flights from different places across the USA by 2024. If successful, reaching the outer side of space could be as easy as flying abroad in a few years' time. The plan will be for spacemen and up to eight passengers to travel in Neptune, a capsule (太空舱) tied to a balloon the size of a football field.
They will move slowly upwards right to the side of space, 30 km away from the Earth. There, space tourists will be able to look back at the Earth and out to dark space and the sight of millions of stars. Although the price is yet to be fixed, the expensive flight, which will take six hours, is likely to cost over ￡100, 000. Because the capsule remains within the Earth's atmosphere (大气层), no special clothing or training are needed. It means that older people or those with health problems will be included.
One problem may be the method of landing back on the Earth. The balloon moves back down from space until it falls down in the sea. Passengers, spacemen, capsule and balloon are then gotten back by ship.
Now Neptune faces competition from the Stratollite, a balloon being developed by a company called World View Enterprises, while the super-rich Richard Branson, Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk are all pouring money into developing business space flying machines. The advantage of the balloon is that it will be cheaper than a space plane or rocket.
Space travel may soon be a reality (现实), but how visitors get there is still a very open question.
27．We can see from the passage that Space Perspective __________.
A．has completed over 500 tests
B．wants to use Neptune to carry people
C．has quite a long history
D．makes it easier for us to fly abroad
28．According to Space Perspective's plan, space tourists ___________.
A．should wear special clothing B．will land back on the ground
C．can watch the Earth from space D．must keep in good health
29．The writer implies (暗示) in the passage that__________.
A．the race to get tourists into space is becoming hot
B．there will be only four ways for visitors to reach space
C．the Stratollite is popular with space passengers
D．Richard, Jeff and Elon are all short of money
30．The passage can usually be read in the part of _________in a newspaper.
A．Culture B．Business C．Health D．Science
（2021·眉山）阅读理解
Have you ever imagined the life in space The
following will show you the astronauts' daily life.
Eating in space
If you go camping
for more than a week with some friends,
you will make sure you have plenty of
foods and keep them properly. At the end of your camping trip, you would deal with your rubbish properly
before the ride home.
Astronauts almost do the same thing when they
go to space. Preparation changes with the food type. Some foods can be eaten in
their natural forms, such as chocolate cakes and fruits. Other foods require
adding water, such as cheese. Of course, an oven is provided at the space
station to heat the food. But there are no fridges, so space food must be kept
properly.
Sleeping in space
After a long day at work, nothing is better
than a good night's sleep! Just like
on the earth, in space astronauts go to bed at a certain time, then get up and prepare for work again. When going
to sleep, they have to attach themselves, so they don't float (漂浮) around or
hit their bodies against something. They usually use sleeping bags
located in small crew cabins (乘员舱). Each
crew cabin is just big enough for one person. Generally, astronauts have an
eight-hour sleep each day when they
finish their task.
Doing sports in space
Exercise is an important part of every
astronaut's daily life to prevent muscle loss (肌肉萎缩).
Usually, astronauts exercise two hours every day. Lifting 200 pounds on the
earth may be a lot of work. But lifting that same object in space would be much
easier. That means the things for exercise need to be specially designed, so
astronauts can receive the exercise needed.
Living in space is not just all work and no
play. Astronauts have fun, too. They like to look out the window and play with
their food. Fun plays an important role in the quality of their life.
31．The writer starts to explain eating in space by .
A．telling a story B．asking a question
C．giving an example D．comparing two facts
32．What does the underlined word "attach" in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Tie. B．Hide. C．Catch. D．Carry.
33．It is much easier for people in space than on the earth.
A．to fall asleep B．to lift heavy things
C．to prevent muscle loss D．to eat cold food
34．In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage
A．CULTURE. B．SOCIETY. C．SCIENCE. D．HISTORY.
五、书面表达
35．（2023·肇东模拟）为了宣传爱护环境、节约能源，倡导低碳生活（low-carbon life）的理念，学校英语俱乐部向学生征文。要求以"Low-carbon Life"为题写一篇不少于80个词的短文，谈谈你将要采取的措施。
要点：
1. 重复使用塑料袋；减少人为的浪费；回收利用废纸和饮料瓶；
2. 节约用水，多植树；
3. 骑自行车取代公共汽车；
要求：
1. 观点明确。层次清晰，语句通顺、连贯；
2. 文章必须包括所给要点，可适当发挥；
3. 文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Low-carbon Life
Now more and more people get to know it's important to protect our living environment.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
话题10宇宙探系《人与自然》（解析卷）
一、单选题
1．（2022·扬州）China has helped end 70% of poverty worldwide since ________ late 1970s, according to ________ World Bank.
A．a; a B．the; the C．a; the D．the; a
【答案】B
【知识点】用于专有名词前；用于时间、年代、传统节日前
【解析】【分析】句意：世界银行的数据显示，自上世纪70年代末以来，中国已经帮助全球消除了70%的贫困人口。根据空格处可知表示年代，用“the+年份复数”，表示“在几世纪几十年代”，排除AC；第二空根据World Bank，世界银行，是专有名词，前加定冠词the。故选B。
【点评】考查冠词，注意识记年代和专有名词中的用法。
2．（2022·襄阳）—Primary school students will have the cooking course.
—That _________ great. Cooking is a necessary life skill.
A．looks B．tastes C．smells D．sounds
【答案】D
【知识点】动词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——小学生将学习烹饪课程。——这听起来不错。烹饪是必备的生活技能。A看起来，B尝起来，C闻起来，D听上去，根据Primary school students will have the cooking course，可知这是一个消息，故用听起来不错，故选D。
【点评】考查动词辨析，注意识记sounds的用法。
3．（2022·荆州）— How's the_____ in your city
— Not very good. There are always long lines of cars on roads especially on rainy days.
A．food B．weather C．culture D．traffic
【答案】D
【知识点】名词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——在你的城市，交通怎么样？——不太好。尤其是在雨天，马路上总是有汽车排长队。A.food，名词，食物；B.weather，名词，天气；C.culture，名词，气候；D.traffic，名词，交通；根据“ There are always long lines of cars on roads especially on rainy days.”可知在问交通状况，故选D。
【点评】考查名词辨析。注意根据语境选择恰当的名词。
4．（2021·安徽）The dancing teacher gives us instructions until we are perfect in every move.
A．patiently B．quickly C．bravely D．suddenly
【答案】A
【知识点】副词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意： 舞蹈老师耐心地给我们指导，直到我们每一步都完美无缺。A.耐心地；B.快速地；C.勇敢地；D.突然地。根据 until we are perfect in every move 可知，舞蹈老师耐心地给我们指导。故选A。
【点评】考查副词辨析，注意副词patiently的用法。
5．（2021·安徽）Our country has made great progress in the fight blue skies and clear waters.
A．in B．for C．against D．between
【答案】B
【知识点】介词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我们的国家在蓝天碧水的战斗中取得了巨大的进步。in在……里面；for为了；against反对；between在两者之间。根据 blue skies and clear waters 可知，此处指我们的国家在为了蓝天碧水的战斗中取得了巨大的进步，此处用介词for。故选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析，注意介词for的用法。
6．（2022·贵港）—Are you going to ride your bike to the beach
—Yes. It's ________ of all.
A．convenient B．more convenient
C．most convenient D．the most convenient
【答案】D
【知识点】最高级的一般句式
【解析】【分析】句意：——你要去海边骑自行车吗？——是的。那是最合适的。根据of all可知，此处指一定范围内最……的。convenient形容词，其最高级为most convenient，前面需加定冠词the，故答案为D。
【点评】考查形容词最高级，注意形容词最高级前需加定冠词the。
7．（2021·大庆）On the website, you can chat with ________ in English to improve your spoken English.
A．other B．another C．the other D．others
【答案】D
【知识点】不定代词
【解析】【分析】句意：在这个网站上，你可以和别人用英语聊天来提高你的英语口语。A.other其他的；B.another另一个（三者或以上）；C.the other另一个（两者中）；D.others其他的人或物。根据you can chat with…可知，是可以跟其它的人聊天，空格后无名词，应填代词others。故选D。
【点评】考查不定代词辨析。注意掌握other、another、the other和others的词性区别和用法。
8．（2021·云南）______ he heard the little girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room.
A．As soon as B．Unless C．If D．Although
【答案】A
【知识点】连词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：他一听到外边小女孩哭着求救，他就冲出了房间。A.一……就，B.除非、如果不，C.如果，D.虽然、即使。根据 he rushed out of the room. 他就冲出了房间,可知他一听到外边小女孩哭着求救，就冲出了房间，应用As soon as引导时间状语从句，表“一……就”。故选A。
【点评】考查连词辨析。注意根据主句和从句的逻辑关系选择合适的连词。
9．（2020·遂宁）They worked for________ days, and finished the________ task successfully.
A．twelve; two B．twelve; second
C．twelfth; two D．twelfth; second
【答案】B
【知识点】序数词；数学词的表达
【解析】【分析】句意：他们工作了12天，成功地完成了第二个任务。twelve 12，基数词；two 2，基数词；second第二，序数词；twelfth第十二，序数词。根据第一空后“days”是复数，可知此处要用基数词twelve表示12天；根据第二空前“the”，可知此处要用序数词second，表示第二个任务。故选B。
【点评】考查基数词和序数词，注意识记基数词和序数词的区别。
10．（2022·北京）—Do you know _________ the new national park
—Yes, I do. To protect wildlife and benefit the local people.
A．why did China set up B．why China set up
C．when did China set up D．when China set up
【答案】B
【知识点】陈述语序
【解析】【分析】句意：——你知道中国为什么要建立新的国家公园吗？——是的，我知道。为了保护野生动物，造福当地人民。分析句子，包含宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；根据答语To protect wildlife and benefit the local people.可知此处应该是询问原因，疑问词用why，故答案为B。
【点评】考查宾语从句，注意宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。
二、任务型阅读
11．（2020·济阳模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you remember what
your dream job was when you were a kid If you want to be a superhero, your
dream may never come true. However, there are a number of other jobs you can
do! Kids want these jobs because of the interest,
the fame, the money and so on. Here are the top 5 kids' dream jobs in America.
Astronaut
They go to bed dreaming of exploring space,
walking on the moon, living in a space station and wearing a spacesuit. So
there is no doubt that the astronauts are their future dream jobs. But to be an
astronaut needs to have a high level of physical fitness and all kinds of
training.
Astronaut salary: $
66,026~$ 144,566 / year
Teacher
Many kids dream of
becoming a teacher because they have a good childhood memory at school.
They used to enjoy
school life and help others in school.
Teacher salary: $ 28,790~$ 58,030 / year
Vet
Kids who love pets and
animals hope to be a vet from a very young age. Because they know that vets can
treat sick animals and help the animals that they love. Vets must complete four
years of school to receive a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM or VMD). They
also need a state license.
Vet salary: $ 88,770 /
year
Doctor
Becoming a doctor is one
of the most common childhood dream jobs. Kids see doctors as superheroes. Doctors need not only 4 years of college, but
also 4 years of medical school.
Doctor salary: $ 208,000
/ year
Police Officer
Kids often dream of
becoming police officers, like their favorite superheroes. Police officers
always fight against bad people and help the people in trouble. In order to become a policeman, they must
graduate from their agency's training program.
Police officer salary: $
61,600 / year
A. These jobs interest kids
greatly.
B. Children admire them
because they are very brave.
C. As soon as people see
doctors, they feel afraid and nervous.
D. Many kids want to be
astronauts when they grow up.
E. If you want to be a
teacher, you should get a teacher license first.
F. They save many people's
lives and keep people healthy.
G. Some children think Santa
Claus is their dream job in the future.
【答案】A；D；E；F；B
【知识点】七选五题型；任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了美国五大孩子梦寐以求的工作，宇航员、教师、兽医、医生和警察。
A. These jobs interest kids greatly.孩子们对这些工作很感兴趣。
B. Children admire them because they are very brave.孩子们钦佩他们，因为他们很勇敢。
C. As soon as people see doctors, they feel afraid and nervous.他们一看见医生就觉得害怕和紧张。
D. Many kids want to be astronauts when they grow up.很多孩子长大后想当宇航员。
E. If you want to be a teacher, you should get a teacher license first.如果你想当老师，你应该先拿到教师执照。
F. They save many people's lives and keep people healthy.它们拯救了许多人的生命，使人们保持健康。
G. Some children think Santa Claus is their dream job in the future.一些孩子们认为圣诞老人是他们未来的梦想工作。
（1）根据后一句“Kids want these jobs because of the interest, the fame, the money and so on.”可知，此句是指这些工作是孩子们感兴趣，所以选项A“These jobs interest kids greatly.对这些工作很感兴趣。”符合题意，故选A。
（2）根据文中“So there is no doubt that the astronauts are their future dream jobs.”可知，这段的首句应点明一些孩子想成为宇航员，选项D“Many kids want to be astronauts when they grow up. 很多孩子长大后想当宇航员。”符合题意，故选D。
（3）因为这一部分主要是说一些孩子想当教师，所以此句应是和教师有关的句子，选项E“If you want to be a teacher, you should get a teacher license first. 如果你想当老师，你应该先拿到教师执照。”符合句意，故选E。
（4）根据前一句“Kids see doctors as superheroes.”可知，此句应表达孩子们把医生看作超级英雄的理由，选项F“They save many people's lives and keep people healthy. 它们拯救了许多人的生命，使人们保持健康。”符合句意，故选F。
（5）根据前面“Kids often dream of becoming police officers, like their favorite superheroes.”可知，此句应表达孩子们喜爱警察这个职业的原因，选项B“Children admire them because they are very brave. 孩子们钦佩他们，因为他们很勇敢。”符合句意，故选B。
【点评】考查选项匹配。首先要翻译选项的意思，然后根据文章所缺句子上下文语境，找出与选项相关的单词或短语，从而选出正确答案。
三、完形填空
（2021·潍坊）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项。
Space suits don't just make astronauts look cool. Without these 12． suits, astronauts wouldn't be able to leave their spaceship. That is to say, they wouldn't be able to 13． on the Moon or work outside the International Space Station.
Space is a 14． place for human beings. Firstly, there is no air to breathe. Secondly, space also has high levels of radiation (辐射), energy that can pass through our bodies and make us 15． . Thirdly, some parts of space are really cold 16． other parts are very hot. So astronauts could die in just a few seconds if they 17． outside their spaceship without their suits. With a space suit, though, astronauts can move around in space for several hours.
Space suits keep astronauts 18． sealed (密封的) inside. A backpack sends O2 in to let astronauts breathe normally. At the same time, the CO2 19． astronauts breathe out is sucked away. The suit also protects them from harmful radiation and fast-moving space dust. 20． the space suit is another suit that looks like a pair of tight pajamas (睡衣) with little pipes running through them. Water runs through these pipes to 21． astronauts because wearing a space suit can make astronauts very hot!
12．A．private B．special C．plastic D．expensive
13．A．run B．walk C．live D．surf
14．A．funny B．natural C．beautiful D．dangerous
15．A．sick B．bored C．strong D．relaxed
16．A．after B．since C．before D．while
17．A．rushed B．jumped C．stepped D．escaped
18．A．safely B．quickly C．quietly D．terribly
19．A．who B．this C．that D．whether
20．A．Above B．Under C．Behind D．Between
21．A．wash away B．warm up C．cool off D．clean out
【答案】12．B；13．B；14．D；15．A；16．D；17．A；18．A；19．C；20．B；21．C
【知识点】科普类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是太空服对宇航员的作用。
【点评】考查完形填空。先通读短文，理解短文大意。然后认真阅读每个句子，根据句意和上下文的联系确定句中所缺的成分，从所给的选项中选出正确答案。
12．句意：没有这些特殊的服装，宇航员就不能离开宇宙飞船。private个人的；special特殊的；plastic塑料的；expensive昂贵的，根据 Without thesesuits 和 astronauts wouldn't be able to leave their spaceship可知宇航员的服装是特殊的，故选B。
13．句意：也就是说，他们将不能够在月球上行走或在国际太空站外工作。run跑；walk步行；live生活；surf上网，可知 on the Moon or work outside the International Space Station. 可知是月球上行走，故选B。
14．句意：对于人类来说太空是一个危险的地方。funny有趣的；natural自然的；beautiful美丽的；dangerous根据Firstly, there is no air to breathe. Secondly, space also has high levels of radiation (辐射), energy that can pass through our bodies and make us sick可知太空对人类是一个危险的地方。故选D。
15．句意：第二，太空也有高辐射，能量会穿透我们的身体，使得我们生病。sick病的；bored枯燥的；strong强壮的；relaxed轻松的，根据 space also has high levels of radiation (辐射), energy that can pass through our bodies 可知太空灰时我们生病。故选A。
16．句意：第三，太空的一些地方真的非常冷，然而其它地方非常热。after在.....后；since自从；before在.....之前；while然而，两句之间是并列关系，故选D。
17．句意：因此宇航员如果在太空外不穿太空服奔跑，在几秒钟内可能会死亡。rush奔跑；jump跳；step踩，踏；escape逃跑，太空漫步就像奔跑一样，故选A。
18．句意：太空服能保持宇航员在里面安全地密封。safely安全地；quickly快地；quietly安静地；terribly糟糕地，副词修饰动词，故选A。
19．句意：同时，宇航员呼出的二氧化碳就被吸走了。who引导定语从句时，先行词指人；this这个，不引导从句；that引导定语从句时，先行词指物；whether引导名词性从句，这是含有定语从句的主从复合句，先行词指物，在从句中作宾语，关系词用that，故选C。
20．句意：在太空服下是另一套衣服，看起来像一套紧身睡衣里面有小管通过全身。above在......上；under在......下；behind在......后；between在......之间，在外衣下用under，故选B。
21．句意：水从管子中流过，降低了宇航员的温度，因为穿着宇航员的服装使得宇航员非常热。wash away冲走；warm up加热；cool off降温；clean out 彻底清理，根据 because wearing a space suit can make astronauts very hot 可知这些管子是为了降温。故选C。
四、阅读理解
（2022·白银）阅读以下新闻稿，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。
Life in Outer Space
Chinese taikonauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu carried out the Shenzhou-13 spaceflight mission (任务) that started on Oct. 15, 2021. This mission lasts 6 months, which was also a national record. Zhai is the commander (指令长) who performed China's first spacewalk in the Shenzhou-7 mission in 2008. Wang, who was in the Shenzhou-10 mission in 2013, is the first Chinese woman astronaut to visit China's space station. Ye is a new comer to space.
The trio had carried out two spacewalks and completed more than 20 scientific tasks. Besides their tasks, they had also given two live lectures from the space station, showing the students their living and working areas at the Tianhe core module and several scientific experiments under zero-gravity conditions and answering real-time questions from students.
The trio also became the first Chinese to spend the nation's most important festival — the Chinese Lunar New Year — in outer space.
They returned to Earth on April 16, 2022 and made Shenzhou-13 mission a great success.
22．How long was the mission that was carried out by the taikonauts
A．13 months. B．10 months. C．7 months. D．6 months.
23．What does the underlined " trio " probably mean
A．A group of two. B．A group of three.
C．A group of four. D．A group of five.
24．Which paragraph tells us what the taikonauts had mainly done in this mission in space
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
25．What would be the most suitable to replace ________ in the picture
A．Commander Zhai held a pair of couplets and wished the Chinese people good health.
B．Wang, with a red balloon in hand, wished children across the country healthy growth.
C．Ye held a sticker with the Chinese character " fu, " and wished the Chinese people a happy Lunar New Year.
D．The taikonauts have put up red lanterns, Chinese knots and paper-cut craft to celebrate the Chinese New Year.
26．Which of the following is NOT true
A．All the three taikonauts had been to the space before.
B．Zhai Zhigang is a commander.
C．The trio gave two live lectures from the space station.
D．They returned to earth in mid-April.
【答案】22．D
23．B
24．B
25．C
26．A
【知识点】新闻报道类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要介绍了中国航天员翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富执行神舟十三号任务的情形。
【点评】考查新闻报道类阅读。认真阅读题干，根据题干要求，在文中寻找答案所在的语句或段落，进行分析理解，词义猜测，推理判断和概括归纳，选出正确的选项。
22．细节理解题。根据This mission lasts 6 months ,which was also a national record. 可知，宇航员执行的任务持续了6个月。故答案为D。
23．词义猜测题。根据上文Chinese taikonauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu carried out the Shenzhou-13 spaceflight mission (任务) that started on Oct. 15, 2021. This mission lasts 6 months, which was also a national record. 可知是翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富三人，所有trio是指"三人组"。 故答案为B。
24．细节理解题。根据The trio had carried out two spacewalks andcompleted more than 20 scientific tasks. Besides their tasks ,they had also given two live lectures from thе space station,showing the students their living and working areas at the Tianhe core module and several scientific experiments under zero-gravity conditions and answering real-time questions from students. （三人组进行了两次太空行走，完成了20多项科学任务。除了他们的任务之外， 他们还从空间站进行了两次现场讲座，向学生们展示了他们在天和核心舱的生活和工作区以及零重力条件下的几项科学实验，并回答了学生们的问题。)可知，第二段告诉我们这次太空任务中宇航员主要做了什么。故答案为B。
25．推理判断题。根据图片中的内容可知是手里拿的福字，结合选项，可知C选项"叶拿着一张写有汉字"福"的贴纸，并祝中国人民农历新年快乐。"符合题意。故答案为C。
26．推理判断题。根据Zhai is the commander (指令长) who performed China' s first spacewalkin the Shenzhou-7 mission in 2008.Wang，who was in the Shenzhou-10 mission in 2013,is the first Chinese woman astronaut to visitChina's space station.Ye is a new comer to space. (翟志刚是在2008年神舟七号任务中执行中国第一次太空行走的指挥官。王亚平在2013年的神舟十号任务中，是第一位访问中国空间站的中国女宇航员。也是太空的新人。)可知，A选项 All the three taikonauts had been to the space before. 这三名宇航员以前都去过太空。是错误的。故答案为A。
（2021·绍兴）阅读理解
Visiting outer space is still a far dream for anyone who isn't an astronaut, but a day trip to the stars is already open for people to order!
A new company (公司), Space Perspective, is planning tests with passengers. It has big plans to run up to 500 flights from different places across the USA by 2024. If successful, reaching the outer side of space could be as easy as flying abroad in a few years' time. The plan will be for spacemen and up to eight passengers to travel in Neptune, a capsule (太空舱) tied to a balloon the size of a football field.
They will move slowly upwards right to the side of space, 30 km away from the Earth. There, space tourists will be able to look back at the Earth and out to dark space and the sight of millions of stars. Although the price is yet to be fixed, the expensive flight, which will take six hours, is likely to cost over ￡100, 000. Because the capsule remains within the Earth's atmosphere (大气层), no special clothing or training are needed. It means that older people or those with health problems will be included.
One problem may be the method of landing back on the Earth. The balloon moves back down from space until it falls down in the sea. Passengers, spacemen, capsule and balloon are then gotten back by ship.
Now Neptune faces competition from the Stratollite, a balloon being developed by a company called World View Enterprises, while the super-rich Richard Branson, Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk are all pouring money into developing business space flying machines. The advantage of the balloon is that it will be cheaper than a space plane or rocket.
Space travel may soon be a reality (现实), but how visitors get there is still a very open question.
27．We can see from the passage that Space Perspective __________.
A．has completed over 500 tests
B．wants to use Neptune to carry people
C．has quite a long history
D．makes it easier for us to fly abroad
28．According to Space Perspective's plan, space tourists ___________.
A．should wear special clothing B．will land back on the ground
C．can watch the Earth from space D．must keep in good health
29．The writer implies (暗示) in the passage that__________.
A．the race to get tourists into space is becoming hot
B．there will be only four ways for visitors to reach space
C．the Stratollite is popular with space passengers
D．Richard, Jeff and Elon are all short of money
30．The passage can usually be read in the part of _________in a newspaper.
A．Culture B．Business C．Health D．Science
【答案】27．B
28．C
29．A
30．D
【知识点】科幻未来类；说明文
【解析】【分析】大意：本文主要讲述了太空旅行很快会成为现实，人们正在为此作出努力。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
27．细节理解题。根据 A new company (公司), Space Perspective, is planning tests with passengers. It has big plans to run up to 500 flights from different places across the USA by 2024. If successful, reaching the outer side of space could be as easy as flying abroad in a few years' time. 可知 Space Perspective 想要用太空舱“海王星”运载人。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据 There, space tourists will be able to look back at the Earth and out to dark space and the sight of millions of stars. 可知太空游客可以从太空中观看地球。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据 Now Neptune faces competition from the Stratollite和Space travel may soon be a reality (现实), but how visitors get there is still a very open question. 可知竞争变得很激烈。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据本文主要讲述了太空旅行很快会成为现实，人们正在为此作出努力，可知属于科学内容。故选D。
（2021·眉山）阅读理解
Have you ever imagined the life in space The
following will show you the astronauts' daily life.
Eating in space
If you go camping
for more than a week with some friends,
you will make sure you have plenty of
foods and keep them properly. At the end of your camping trip, you would deal with your rubbish properly
before the ride home.
Astronauts almost do the same thing when they
go to space. Preparation changes with the food type. Some foods can be eaten in
their natural forms, such as chocolate cakes and fruits. Other foods require
adding water, such as cheese. Of course, an oven is provided at the space
station to heat the food. But there are no fridges, so space food must be kept
properly.
Sleeping in space
After a long day at work, nothing is better
than a good night's sleep! Just like
on the earth, in space astronauts go to bed at a certain time, then get up and prepare for work again. When going
to sleep, they have to attach themselves, so they don't float (漂浮) around or
hit their bodies against something. They usually use sleeping bags
located in small crew cabins (乘员舱). Each
crew cabin is just big enough for one person. Generally, astronauts have an
eight-hour sleep each day when they
finish their task.
Doing sports in space
Exercise is an important part of every
astronaut's daily life to prevent muscle loss (肌肉萎缩).
Usually, astronauts exercise two hours every day. Lifting 200 pounds on the
earth may be a lot of work. But lifting that same object in space would be much
easier. That means the things for exercise need to be specially designed, so
astronauts can receive the exercise needed.
Living in space is not just all work and no
play. Astronauts have fun, too. They like to look out the window and play with
their food. Fun plays an important role in the quality of their life.
31．The writer starts to explain eating in space by .
A．telling a story B．asking a question
C．giving an example D．comparing two facts
32．What does the underlined word "attach" in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Tie. B．Hide. C．Catch. D．Carry.
33．It is much easier for people in space than on the earth.
A．to fall asleep B．to lift heavy things
C．to prevent muscle loss D．to eat cold food
34．In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage
A．CULTURE. B．SOCIETY. C．SCIENCE. D．HISTORY.
【答案】31．C
32．A
33．B
34．C
【知识点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空中的日常生活。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
31．理解推断题。根据If you go camping for more than a week with some friends, you will make sure you have plenty of foods and keep them properly. 可知作者通过一个例子来解释在太空吃东西。故选C。
32．词义猜测题。根据"so they don't' float around or hit their bodies against something"可知为了不到处漂浮或撞倒东西，睡觉时应该把自己系在某个地方， attach意为系上。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据"Lifting 200 pounds on the earth may be a lot of work. But lifting that same object in space would be much easier"可知人们在太空中举起重物比在地球上容易得多。故选B。
34．文章来源题。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空中的日常生活。我们能在报纸的科学栏读到这篇文章。故选C。
五、书面表达
35．（2023·肇东模拟）为了宣传爱护环境、节约能源，倡导低碳生活（low-carbon life）的理念，学校英语俱乐部向学生征文。要求以"Low-carbon Life"为题写一篇不少于80个词的短文，谈谈你将要采取的措施。
要点：
1. 重复使用塑料袋；减少人为的浪费；回收利用废纸和饮料瓶；
2. 节约用水，多植树；
3. 骑自行车取代公共汽车；
要求：
1. 观点明确。层次清晰，语句通顺、连贯；
2. 文章必须包括所给要点，可适当发挥；
3. 文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Low-carbon Life
Now more and more people get to know it's important to protect our living environment.
【答案】Low-carbon Life More and more people are now realizing the importance of protecting our living environment. The best way to protect the environment is to live a low-carbon life.
As students, we have a responsibility to do some beneficial things for the Earth. Firstly, we should reduce human waste. In daily life, we can reuse plastic bags, recycle waste paper and beverage bottles. Secondly, we should plant more trees to make the earth greener and the air fresher. In addition, we should make every effort to save water, as there is less and less clean water on Earth. More importantly, in order to reduce pollution, we should walk or ride bicycles to school instead of taking the bus.
If everyone plays a role in protecting the environment, the world will become more and more beautiful. So, let's start living a low-carbon life and protect the Earth together!
【知识点】命题作文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇命题作文，主要介绍低碳生活采取的措施。时态是一般将来时和一般现在时，首先介绍低碳生活的重要性；然后介绍低碳生活采取的措施；最后介绍对低碳生活的看法。注意运用好词好句，同时注意恰当使用连词，使文章上下文联系更为紧密。
【点评】作文内容全面，运用好词好句，如：make...+形容词；try one'sbest to do；less and less；turn off；in time；help do sth.；be good for；play a role in doing sth.等。比较级Now more and more people get to know the importance of protecting our living environment.First, we should use fewer plastic bags and use more second-hand books. Second, we should plant more trees to make the Earth greener and the air fresher.；状语从句和比较级Also we should try our best to save water because there is less and less clean water on the Earth.；状语从句Third, we should turn off the light in time when we don't use it.；宾语从句和比较级I think if everyone plays a role in protecting the environment, the world will become more and more beautiful.等。连词first，second，third，when，and的运用使文章上下文联系更为紧密。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
