中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
话题6科学与技术《人与社会》（原版卷）
一、单选题
1．（2023·南通模拟）—Did you watch film Full River Red( 《满江红》)yesterday evening
—Yes. It was really great success.
A．the; a B．the; 不填 C．a;a D．a; 不填
2．（2023·顺城模拟）—Don't worry about your math.
—If you your efforts, you'll make great progress in it.
A．double B．discuss C．divide D．doubt
3．（2023·顺城模拟）The living in the countryside have improved greatly in recent years.
A．instructions B．resolutions C．introductions D．conditions
4．（2023·顺城模拟）— Peter often helps the old go the road.
—He is so kind! We should learn from him.
A．over B．across C．through D．opposite
5．（2023·南通模拟）—Look! Many volunteers are recording bird's types and changes their numbers.
—I think it's meaningful them to work here in their spare time.
A．in; of B．in; for C． on; for D． on; of
6．（2023·顺城模拟）—What do you think of the new program on CCTV
— Wonderful! It's the program I have ever watched.
A．better B．best C．worse D．worst
7．（2023·顺城模拟）—My family are going to Kunming for the summer vacation next month.
—Really Enjoy there!
A．herself B．yourself C．yourselves D．themselves
8．（2023·重庆模拟）You are not allowed to enter many public places you have a health code（健康码）.
A．if B．so C．unless D．because
9．（2023·邹平模拟） the teachers in our school is 374. of them are men teachers.
A．The number of; One fourth B．The number of; First fourth
C．A number of; One fourth D．A number of; First fourth
10．（2023·广西壮族自治模拟）—I wonder if Jim ________ this evening.
—Don't worry. I will tell you as soon as he_________.
A．will come; comes B．comes; will come C．comes; comes
二、完形填空
（2020·广东）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
We are now in the 22nd century. With the development of science and technology, people can change their bodies in the way they want.
As years went by, Mr. Smith 11． his look. Several months ago, Mr. Smith went to a body engineering shop and 12． a small nose. Small noses were very 13． these years. After the operation, he looked at himself in the mirror(镜子) and found that his 14． hair no longer fit his new look. Then he wanted a change to long hair. When he was leaving, the shop keeper 15． _told him that the shop had a special offer on ears. At last, Mr. Smith went out of the shop with a small nose, long hair and two new ears.
In the next few weeks, Mr. Smith's interest in his 16． kept growing. He bought new eyes, new hands and new feet. After that, he looked very young for his age, and 17． different. He felt satisfied with himself. However, the 18． in the face and fingerprints brought him much trouble. He was 19． to enter places like railway stations and airports. In the end, he decided to have his old body back! To his surprise, Mrs. Smith was unhappy with his 20． because she could not bear (忍受)the bad smell of his old feet.
11．A．was bored of B．was relaxed about
C．was excited about D．was pleased with
12．A．cared for B．waited for C．asked for D．sent for
13．A．popular B．similar C．strange D．useful
14．A．long B．short C．thick D．thin
15．A．silently B．foolishly C．carelessly D．suddenly
16．A．shape B．age C．life D．look
17．A．probably B．hardly C．nearly D．completely
18．A．smile B．change C．color D．kiss
19．A．guided B．refused C．forced D．allowed
20．A．interest B．condition C．decision D．situation
三、阅读理解
（2022·扬州）阅读理解
Researchers at China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, a State—owned defense contractor, have developed and made the world's first robot whale shark（鲸鲨）.
The robotic shark has been on display in an aquarium（水族馆）at Shanghai Haichang Ocean Park since January.
A whale shark is a slow—moving carpet shark and the largest known living fish.
Designed and built by engineers at the Shenyang—based No 111 Factory, the underwater robot is 4.7 meters long, weighs 350 kilograms and can move 42 meters a minute.
Powered by a lithium battery, it can swim, turn, float and dive like a real shark by moving its mechanical fins（鳍）. The mouth and gills（鳃）can also open and close like a shark's. The biomimetic shark is made of sensors（传感器）, multi-joint fins, batteries, and systems which enable it to avoid what's in the way in all directions.
"The robot can reach a depth of 10 meters and work for as long as 10 hours, "said Fang Xuelin, a senior researcher in charge of the robot shark program.
"The shark can be remotely controlled and can also swim based on preset programs or its own sensors, "he said.
"We have built multiple kinds of robot fishes.…he robotic whale shark is the largest mechanical fish we have made so far, "Fang added. "Our robots are to serve three purposes—to perform in aquariums for entertainment, spread knowledge about the sea and aquatic（水生的）animals among youngsters, and carry out scientific tasks such as hydrological surveys, underwater photography and environmental inspection. "
"The factory now plans to develop more types of aquatic robots, including some extinct mammals（哺乳动物）, for display in parks and schools. It will also promote the products to businesses engaged in fields such as underwater salvage and mineral prospecting, "he said.
21．The whale shark on display is __________.
A．the world's first robot B．the largest living fish
C．a 7.4-meter-long shark D．a robotic shark
22．What does the underlined word"biomimetic"in Paragraph 5 mean
A．仿生的 B．虚拟的 C．杂交的 D．变异的
23．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The shark is the first mechanical fish made at the factory.
B．Powered by a lithium battery, the shark can swim without stopping.
C．The factory has built multiple kinds of robot fishes including the shark.
D．The factory has developed some extinct mammals for display in parks.
24．What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about
A．The limits of the aquatic robots.
B．The purposes of the aquatic robots.
C．The progress in making aquatic robots.
D．The steps to developing aquatic robots.
25．（2020·房山模拟）阅读理解
What makes humans smarter than other animals We've got a bigger brain, of course. But when it comes to brains, is bigger always better
Traditionally, scientists have thought that humans' better intelligence (智慧) came mostly from the fact that our brains are three times bigger than those of our nearest living relatives, chimpanzees. People even used to believe that men are smarter than women because men have a little larger brains.
This, however, is not the truth. Scientists at University College London in the UK have found that brain organization, and not brain size, is the key to the advantage of human intelligence, reported Live Science.
Through millions of years of gradual development, our ancestors (祖先) were pushed to get smarter all the time so that they could meet the needs of new environments. However, holding this growing intelligence in increasingly large brains was not the best choice because bigger brains require more energy to power. "This is when reorganization may come into play," said Christophe Soligo, a member of the London research team.
In the study, scientists looked at the brains of 17 kinds of primates (灵长目动物) , including monkeys, apes and humans. They found that in the process of gradual development, brains didn't keep growing as a whole. Certain parts of the brain grew more than others as needed, and in this way they could make the best use of their limited brain space.
For example, when early humans were trying hard to live, the brain region (区域) which is in charge of using tools and finding food grew in size more than other regions. But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) — the region in charge of social cognition (认知), moral judgments and goal-directed planning — grew more than the rest of the brain.
Think of the brain as a room. If a big room is poorly organized, it doesn't necessarily store more things than a smaller one.
Paul Manger, a professor, explains this using the example of whales. He told Scientific American: "Whales have big brains. But if you look at the actual structure (结构) of the brain, it's very simple. Brain size only matters if the rest of the brain is organized properly. "
（1）According to the passage, in recent human development, ______.
A．the prefrontal cortex grew most in the brain
B．human's most regions of the brain didn't change
C．brain became simple because the brain space is limited
D．brain kept growing in size to deal with new environments
（2）The words "in charge of" in Paragraph 6 probably mean "______".
A．similar to B．responsible for
C．in need of D．with help of
（3）The writer probably agrees that ______.
A．the difference between men and women has an effect on intelligence
B．the larger brains are usually organized better than the smaller ones
C．animals whose brains are organized properly can be smarter
D．the size of the brain has nothing to do with intelligence
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Is Human Brain the Biggest of All Animals'
B．Do Men have bigger Brains than Women
C．Are Human Brains Growing as a Whole
D．Does a Bigger Brain Make you Smarter
26．（2020·湖州模拟）阅读理解
How Much Can We Afford to Forget
In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access(获得) knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads
Civilizations(文明) develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural(农业的) Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter
Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases(偏见), and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.
Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being(健康) depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.
We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they're not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.
（1）Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases
A．Because they go off course in testing and scoring.
B．Because we control the training process on them.
C．Because we offer them too much information.
D．Because they overuse the provided answers.
（2）The ease of accessing information from the Internet.
A．frees us from making efforts to learn new skills.
B．prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed.
C．misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge.
D．separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines.
（3）The word "collapse" in Paragraph 5 probably means " ".
A．a sudden failure B．the basic rule
C．a disappointing start D．the gradual development
（4）What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To question about the standards of information storage.
B．To discuss our problems of communication with machines.
C．To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.
D．To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.
四、书面表达
27．（2021·深圳）深圳是一座科技之城、创新之城，为培养学生对科技的兴趣，你的学校上周举办了科技节。假定你是你校英语报的小记者，请你编写一篇新闻报道，介绍这次活动。
要点∶
1）活动目的
2）活动项目∶①模型制作比赛②
3）活动亮点∶学生发明的服务于校园的机器人=（外表, 功能）
4）学生感受
提示词∶
1）科技节 science festival 2）实验 experiment
Shenzhen is well-known as a city of technology and innovation. Last week,
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话题6科学与技术《人与社会》（解析卷）
一、单选题
1．（2023·南通模拟）—Did you watch film Full River Red( 《满江红》)yesterday evening
—Yes. It was really great success.
A．the; a B．the; 不填 C．a;a D．a; 不填
【答案】A
【知识点】表示数量“一”；表示特指
【解析】【分析】句意：——你昨天看了电影《满江红》吗？——是的。它真的是一个巨大的成功。the这，特指；a一，泛指。第一空根据 Full River Red( 《满江红》)，可知是特指，应用定冠词the；第二空根据空格后可数名词单数success，可知应用不定冠词a，泛指“一个/一次”。故选A。
【点评】考查冠词。注意熟记动词be“是”：第三人称单数： is；现在分词： being；过去式： was were；过去分词： been。
2．（2023·顺城模拟）—Don't worry about your math.
—If you your efforts, you'll make great progress in it.
A．double B．discuss C．divide D．doubt
【答案】A
【知识点】动词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——别担心你的数学。——如果你加倍努力，你就会取得很大的进步。A：double加倍；B：discuss讨论；C：divide划分；D：doubt怀疑。根据句子you'll make great progress in it. 你就会取得很大的进步。可知此处是指要加倍努力，就会取得很大的进步，应用double，故选A。
【点评】考查动词辨析，注意识记double的用法。
3．（2023·顺城模拟）The living in the countryside have improved greatly in recent years.
A．instructions B．resolutions C．introductions D．conditions
【答案】D
【知识点】名词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：近年来农村的生活条件有了很大的改善。A：instructions说明；B：resolutions决心；C：introductions介绍；D：conditions条件。根据空格后in the countryside，在农村，结合主语The living，生活，可知此处是指农村的生活条件得到了改善，应用conditions，故选D。
【点评】考查名词辨析，注意识记conditions的用法。
4．（2023·顺城模拟）— Peter often helps the old go the road.
—He is so kind! We should learn from him.
A．over B．across C．through D．opposite
【答案】B
【知识点】副词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——彼得经常帮助老人过马路。——他太善良了！我们应该向他学习。go over复习；go across穿过，across是指从表面穿过；go through经历，仔细检查，through是指从内部穿过；opposite在对面。根据空格后the road，马路，穿过马路，是从表面穿过，应用across，故选B。
【点评】考查副词辨析，注意识记go across的用法。
5．（2023·南通模拟）—Look! Many volunteers are recording bird's types and changes their numbers.
—I think it's meaningful them to work here in their spare time.
A．in; of B．in; for C． on; for D． on; of
【答案】B
【知识点】固定搭配；介词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——看许多志愿者正在记录鸟类的种类和数量的变化。——我认为他们在业余时间在这里工作是有意义的。in在……里面/方面；on在……上面；of……的；for对于。第一空根据changes，可知是数量方面的改变，应用介词in；第二空根据固定句式it is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.做某事对于某人来说是怎么样的，可知应用介词for，表“对于” 。故选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意熟记动词work“工作”：第三人称单数： works；现在分词： working；过去式： worked；过去分词： worked。
6．（2023·顺城模拟）—What do you think of the new program on CCTV
— Wonderful! It's the program I have ever watched.
A．better B．best C．worse D．worst
【答案】B
【知识点】形容词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——你觉得中央电视台的新节目怎么样？——太棒了！这是我看过的最好的节目。A：better更好的；B：best最好的；C：worse更糟的；D：worst最糟的。根据答句Wonderful! 太棒了！可知此处是指这个节目很好，排除C和D，根据空格前the为定冠词，修饰形容词的最高级，可知此处应用best，故选B。
【点评】 考查形容词辨析，注意识记形容词最高级的用法。
7．（2023·顺城模拟）—My family are going to Kunming for the summer vacation next month.
—Really Enjoy there!
A．herself B．yourself C．yourselves D．themselves
【答案】C
【知识点】代词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——下个月我们全家打算去昆明度暑假。——真的吗？在那里玩得开心！A：herself她自己；B：yourself你自己；C：yourselves你们自己；D：themselves他们自己。固定搭配enjoy oneself，玩得开心，根据句子My family are going to Kunming. 我们全家打算去昆明。可知此处是祝福你们一家人玩得开心，应用复数形式yourselves，故选C。
【点评】 考查代词辨析，注意识记yourselves的用法。
8．（2023·重庆模拟）You are not allowed to enter many public places you have a health code（健康码）.
A．if B．so C．unless D．because
【答案】C
【知识点】连词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：除非你有健康码，否则你不允许进入许多公共场所。A.如果；B.所以；C.除非......否则......；D.因为。You are not allowed to enter many public places你不允许进入许多公共场所，you have a health code你有健康码，可知讲的是除非你有健康码，否则你不允许进入许多公共场所，所以用unless，故选C。
【点评】考查连词辨析，首先识记连词词义，然后根据前后句句意确定连词。
9．（2023·邹平模拟） the teachers in our school is 374. of them are men teachers.
A．The number of; One fourth B．The number of; First fourth
C．A number of; One fourth D．A number of; First fourth
【答案】A
【知识点】分数；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：我们学校的教师人数是374人。其中四分之一是男教师。the number of+名词复数，……的总数，谓语动词用单三式， a number of+名词复数，许多，谓语动词是复数形式，空一，根据374可知表示总数，故用the number of，空二，One fourth是分数词，四分之一，分子是基数词，分母是序数词，故选A。
【点评】考查分数词，注意识记the number of的用法。
10．（2023·广西壮族自治模拟）—I wonder if Jim ________ this evening.
—Don't worry. I will tell you as soon as he_________.
A．will come; comes B．comes; will come C．comes; comes
【答案】A
【知识点】时间状语从句；一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：——我想知道吉姆今晚是否会来。——别担心。他一来我就告诉你。comes来，一般现在时；will come将来，一般将来时。第一句if是否，this evening表明时态是一般将来时，结构是will+动词原形，所以用will come；第二句as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，as soon as所在句子是从句，主语是单数he，所以用单三式comes，故选A。
【点评】考查一般将来时和一般现在时，注意平时识记一般将来时的结构和as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。
二、完形填空
（2020·广东）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
We are now in the 22nd century. With the development of science and technology, people can change their bodies in the way they want.
As years went by, Mr. Smith 11． his look. Several months ago, Mr. Smith went to a body engineering shop and 12． a small nose. Small noses were very 13． these years. After the operation, he looked at himself in the mirror(镜子) and found that his 14． hair no longer fit his new look. Then he wanted a change to long hair. When he was leaving, the shop keeper 15． _told him that the shop had a special offer on ears. At last, Mr. Smith went out of the shop with a small nose, long hair and two new ears.
In the next few weeks, Mr. Smith's interest in his 16． kept growing. He bought new eyes, new hands and new feet. After that, he looked very young for his age, and 17． different. He felt satisfied with himself. However, the 18． in the face and fingerprints brought him much trouble. He was 19． to enter places like railway stations and airports. In the end, he decided to have his old body back! To his surprise, Mrs. Smith was unhappy with his 20． because she could not bear (忍受)the bad smell of his old feet.
11．A．was bored of B．was relaxed about
C．was excited about D．was pleased with
12．A．cared for B．waited for C．asked for D．sent for
13．A．popular B．similar C．strange D．useful
14．A．long B．short C．thick D．thin
15．A．silently B．foolishly C．carelessly D．suddenly
16．A．shape B．age C．life D．look
17．A．probably B．hardly C．nearly D．completely
18．A．smile B．change C．color D．kiss
19．A．guided B．refused C．forced D．allowed
20．A．interest B．condition C．decision D．situation
【答案】11．A；12．C；13．A；14．B；15．D；16．D；17．D；18．B；19．B；20．C
【知识点】科幻未来类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要构想了22世纪的人能随意改变自己的身体，史密斯先生厌倦了自己的长相，先后更换了自己的鼻子、头发、耳朵、眼睛、双手和双脚，之后他的面部和指纹变化给他带来了不便，他被拒绝进入火车站、机场等地，因此他决定换回原来的身体，但史密斯太太不乐意，因为她不能忍受他原来的脚臭味。
【点评】考查完形填空。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读—遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
11．句意：随着时间的流逝，史密斯先生对自己的长相感到厌烦。A.was bored of对……感到厌倦；B.was relaxed about轻松看待……；C.was excited about对……感到兴奋；D.was pleased with对……感到满意。根据下文“At last,Mr. Smith went out of the shop with a small nose, long hair and two new ears.”可知史密斯先生换了自己的鼻子、头发和耳朵，由此推出他是对自己的长相感到厌烦了。故选A。
12．句意：几个月前，史密斯先生去了一家身体工程店，想要一个小鼻子。A.cared for关心；B.waited for等待；C.asked for请求，要求；D.sent for派人去叫。上文讲到史密斯先生个对自己的长相感到厌倦了，结合选项可推出是要求整成一个小鼻子，用asked for符合题意。故选C。
13．句意：这几年小鼻子很受欢迎。A.popular受欢迎的；B.similar相似的；C.strange奇怪的；D.useful有用的。上文讲到史密斯先生要换个小鼻子，可推出小鼻子受欢迎，用popular符合题意。故选A。
14．句意：手术后，他照镜子，发现他的短发不再适合他的新形象。A.long长的；B.short短的；C.thick厚的：D.thin薄的。根据下文“Then he wanted a change to long hair.”讲到想要换成长发，可推出原有的是短发，用short符合题意。故选B。
15．句意：当他离开时，店主突然告诉他，店里在耳朵方面有特价。A.silently沉默地；B.foolishly愚蠢地；C.carelessly粗心地：D.suddenly突然。题中讲正要离开时店主告诉他店里在耳朵方面有特价，结合选项可知只有suddenly符合语境，表示“突然”告诉他。故选D。
16．解析：句意：在接下来的几个星期里，史密斯先生对自己的外表越来越感兴趣。A.shape形状；B.age年龄；C.life生活；D.look长相。根据下文“He bought new eyes, new hands and new feet.”讲到他买了新眼睛、新手、新脚，可推出是对外表（即长相）越来越感兴趣，用look符合语境。故选D。
17．句意：从那以后，他看起来很年轻，完全不同了。A.probably可能；B.hardly几乎不；C.nearly几乎；D.completely完全。根据下文“However，the change in the face and fingerprints brought him much trouble.”讲到他因改变而遇到麻烦，可推出是变得完全不同了，completely完全，符合语境。故选D。
18．句意：然而，脸部和指纹的变化给他带来了很多麻烦。A.smile微笑；B.change变化；C.color颜色；D.kiss亲吻。上文讲他换了鼻子、眼镜、耳朵、手，可推出此处是说脸部和指纹的变化，change变化，符合语境。故选B。
19．句意：他被拒绝进入火车站和机场等地方。A.guided指导；B.refused拒绝；C.forced强迫；D.allowed允许。上文讲到脸部和指纹变化给他带来麻烦，结合常识没有指纹验证或面部识别，应是被拒绝进入火车站、机场等地方。故选B。
20．句意：令他吃惊的是，史密斯太太对他的决定不高兴，因为她无法忍受他旧脚的臭味。A.interest兴趣；B.condition条件；C.decision决定；D.situation情况。根据上文“In the end,he decided to have his old body back!”讲他决定把旧的身体换回来，可推出此处是对他的决定不满意，decision决定，符合语境。故选C。
三、阅读理解
（2022·扬州）阅读理解
Researchers at China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, a State—owned defense contractor, have developed and made the world's first robot whale shark（鲸鲨）.
The robotic shark has been on display in an aquarium（水族馆）at Shanghai Haichang Ocean Park since January.
A whale shark is a slow—moving carpet shark and the largest known living fish.
Designed and built by engineers at the Shenyang—based No 111 Factory, the underwater robot is 4.7 meters long, weighs 350 kilograms and can move 42 meters a minute.
Powered by a lithium battery, it can swim, turn, float and dive like a real shark by moving its mechanical fins（鳍）. The mouth and gills（鳃）can also open and close like a shark's. The biomimetic shark is made of sensors（传感器）, multi-joint fins, batteries, and systems which enable it to avoid what's in the way in all directions.
"The robot can reach a depth of 10 meters and work for as long as 10 hours, "said Fang Xuelin, a senior researcher in charge of the robot shark program.
"The shark can be remotely controlled and can also swim based on preset programs or its own sensors, "he said.
"We have built multiple kinds of robot fishes.…he robotic whale shark is the largest mechanical fish we have made so far, "Fang added. "Our robots are to serve three purposes—to perform in aquariums for entertainment, spread knowledge about the sea and aquatic（水生的）animals among youngsters, and carry out scientific tasks such as hydrological surveys, underwater photography and environmental inspection. "
"The factory now plans to develop more types of aquatic robots, including some extinct mammals（哺乳动物）, for display in parks and schools. It will also promote the products to businesses engaged in fields such as underwater salvage and mineral prospecting, "he said.
21．The whale shark on display is __________.
A．the world's first robot B．the largest living fish
C．a 7.4-meter-long shark D．a robotic shark
22．What does the underlined word"biomimetic"in Paragraph 5 mean
A．仿生的 B．虚拟的 C．杂交的 D．变异的
23．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The shark is the first mechanical fish made at the factory.
B．Powered by a lithium battery, the shark can swim without stopping.
C．The factory has built multiple kinds of robot fishes including the shark.
D．The factory has developed some extinct mammals for display in parks.
24．What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about
A．The limits of the aquatic robots.
B．The purposes of the aquatic robots.
C．The progress in making aquatic robots.
D．The steps to developing aquatic robots.
【答案】21．D
22．A
23．C
24．B
【知识点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍中国航天科工集团有限公司的研究员研发的世界上首个机器鲸鲨的主要特点和用途。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题和词义题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想，词义题要联系上下文，猜测出词的意思。
21．细节理解题，根据第一段the world's first robot whale shark，可知展览的是世界上第一个机器鲸鲨，故选D。
22．词意猜测题，根据Designed and built by engineers at the Shenyang—based No 111 Factory, 以及Powered by a lithium battery, it can swim, turn, float and dive like a real shark by moving its mechanical fins，可知鲸鲨是工程师设计和制作出来的，像真实的鲨一样可以游泳，转弯，漂浮和潜水，故选A。
23．推理判断题，根据倒数第二段We have built multiple kinds of robot fishes.…he robotic whale shark is the largest mechanical fish we have made so far, 可知工厂已经制造了多种机器鱼。机器鲸鲨是我们迄今为止制造的最大的机械鱼，故选C。
24．主旨大意题，根据Our robots are to serve three purposes—to perform in aquariums for entertainment, spread knowledge about the sea and aquatic（水生的）animals among youngsters, and carry out scientific tasks such as hydrological surveys, underwater photography and environmental inspection. 可知，第八段主要讲述了制作水生机器鱼的目的，故选B。
25．（2020·房山模拟）阅读理解
What makes humans smarter than other animals We've got a bigger brain, of course. But when it comes to brains, is bigger always better
Traditionally, scientists have thought that humans' better intelligence (智慧) came mostly from the fact that our brains are three times bigger than those of our nearest living relatives, chimpanzees. People even used to believe that men are smarter than women because men have a little larger brains.
This, however, is not the truth. Scientists at University College London in the UK have found that brain organization, and not brain size, is the key to the advantage of human intelligence, reported Live Science.
Through millions of years of gradual development, our ancestors (祖先) were pushed to get smarter all the time so that they could meet the needs of new environments. However, holding this growing intelligence in increasingly large brains was not the best choice because bigger brains require more energy to power. "This is when reorganization may come into play," said Christophe Soligo, a member of the London research team.
In the study, scientists looked at the brains of 17 kinds of primates (灵长目动物) , including monkeys, apes and humans. They found that in the process of gradual development, brains didn't keep growing as a whole. Certain parts of the brain grew more than others as needed, and in this way they could make the best use of their limited brain space.
For example, when early humans were trying hard to live, the brain region (区域) which is in charge of using tools and finding food grew in size more than other regions. But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) — the region in charge of social cognition (认知), moral judgments and goal-directed planning — grew more than the rest of the brain.
Think of the brain as a room. If a big room is poorly organized, it doesn't necessarily store more things than a smaller one.
Paul Manger, a professor, explains this using the example of whales. He told Scientific American: "Whales have big brains. But if you look at the actual structure (结构) of the brain, it's very simple. Brain size only matters if the rest of the brain is organized properly. "
（1）According to the passage, in recent human development, ______.
A．the prefrontal cortex grew most in the brain
B．human's most regions of the brain didn't change
C．brain became simple because the brain space is limited
D．brain kept growing in size to deal with new environments
（2）The words "in charge of" in Paragraph 6 probably mean "______".
A．similar to B．responsible for
C．in need of D．with help of
（3）The writer probably agrees that ______.
A．the difference between men and women has an effect on intelligence
B．the larger brains are usually organized better than the smaller ones
C．animals whose brains are organized properly can be smarter
D．the size of the brain has nothing to do with intelligence
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Is Human Brain the Biggest of All Animals'
B．Do Men have bigger Brains than Women
C．Are Human Brains Growing as a Whole
D．Does a Bigger Brain Make you Smarter
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
（4）D
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文讲述了科学家发现，大脑组织而不是大脑大小是人类智力优势的关键。
（1）细节理解题。根据第六段 But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) — the region in charge of social cognition (认知), moral judgments and goal-directed planning — grew more than the rest of the brain. 可知，在最近的人类发展中，前额叶皮层在大脑中增长最多。故选A。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第六段 For example, when early humans were trying hard to live, the brain region (区域) which is in charge of using tools and finding food grew in size more than other regions. 可知，当早期人类努力生活时，负责使用工具和寻找食物的大脑区域比其他区域增长得更多。短语“in charge of”可能的意思是“负责”，和“responsible for”意思相近。故选B。
（3）观点态度题。根据文章最后一句Brain size only matters if the rest of the brain is organized properly. 可知，作者可能同意大脑组织合理的动物会更聪明。故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，大脑组织而不是大脑大小是人类智力优势的关键。所以“大脑越大，你越聪明吗？”是本文的最佳标题。故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找答案。联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，确定答案。然后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
26．（2020·湖州模拟）阅读理解
How Much Can We Afford to Forget
In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access(获得) knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads
Civilizations(文明) develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural(农业的) Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter
Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases(偏见), and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.
Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being(健康) depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.
We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they're not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.
（1）Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases
A．Because they go off course in testing and scoring.
B．Because we control the training process on them.
C．Because we offer them too much information.
D．Because they overuse the provided answers.
（2）The ease of accessing information from the Internet.
A．frees us from making efforts to learn new skills.
B．prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed.
C．misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge.
D．separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines.
（3）The word "collapse" in Paragraph 5 probably means " ".
A．a sudden failure B．the basic rule
C．a disappointing start D．the gradual development
（4）What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To question about the standards of information storage.
B．To discuss our problems of communication with machines.
C．To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.
D．To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要介绍了科技的发展，人们越来越依靠科技但是这也带来许多的不利之处。
（1）细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容可知，智能机器人可能会增加人们的偏见，许多人认为智能机器人必然是正确和客观的，但实际上机器是由技术人员操纵着的，故答案选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段中的the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along可知从互联网获得信息的便捷性，导致错误的信念——我们发现的知识是我们已知知识的一部分，即人们错误的认为自己已经知道了知识，故答案选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age可知没有食物我们会挨饿，没有能量我们会感到寒冷，正是由于记忆的广泛丧生，文明有陷入黑暗时代的危险，可知上文讲的是我们的健康依赖的任何关系网的崩溃，collapse意思是坍塌、崩溃，与A突然的失败，意思相近，故答案选A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen文章主要讲了科技的发展，人们越来越依赖科技，但这也带来了许多的不利之处，可知是告诉我们不要太依赖智能机器人，故答案选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文，核对答案。
四、书面表达
27．（2021·深圳）深圳是一座科技之城、创新之城，为培养学生对科技的兴趣，你的学校上周举办了科技节。假定你是你校英语报的小记者，请你编写一篇新闻报道，介绍这次活动。
要点∶
1）活动目的
2）活动项目∶①模型制作比赛②
3）活动亮点∶学生发明的服务于校园的机器人=（外表, 功能）
4）学生感受
提示词∶
1）科技节 science festival 2）实验 experiment
Shenzhen is well-known as a city of technology and innovation. Last week,
【答案】 Shenzhen is well-known as a city of technology and innovation. Last week, our school held a science festival, which aims to develop students' interest in science and technology and broaden their horizons.
At the festival, some students took an active part in the model-making competition. Many of their robots, which were the highlight of the festival, drew people's attention. These robots were in the shape of lovely animals, such as rabbits, monkeys and dogs. They were doing some simple tasks like sweeping the floor and throwing away rubbish. Besides, some other students carried out science experiments. The students present at the festival were all surprised at the exhibits and gave them a big around of applause.
Our school hopes that more and more students can learn science and technology better to serve our country.
【知识点】提纲作文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇提纲作文。假定你是你校英语报的小记者，请你编写一篇新闻报道，介绍你的学校上周举办的科技节 。文章要包含所给的要点内容，可以适当发挥，要求条理清楚，表达符合英文逻辑，主要用一般过去时，主语是第三人称。注意用一些固定搭配和固定句型为文章增色，同时注意文章上下文要联系紧密。
【点评】这篇短文根据所给的四个要点内容逐一阐述，条理清晰，意思连贯，表达清楚，时态正确，运用了一些固定搭配如 aims to，took an active part in，in the shape of，such as，carried out 等，同时也使用了复合句 Last week, our school held a science festival, which aims to develop students' interest in science and technology and broaden their horizons. Many of their robots, which were the highlight of the festival, drew people's attention. Our school hopes that more and more students can learn science and technology better to serve our country. 这些好词好句的应用使文章增色很多。
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