2024高考英语复习语法：冠词【语法精准突破】课件（知识梳理+考点精练）(共29张PPT)

(共29张PPT)
第二讲 不可忽视的小词：代词、冠词、介词和数词
专题2 冠 词
重温真题
考向 1表特指的定冠词和表泛指的不定冠词
单句语法填空
1. (2023·全国II卷) Not the pandas, even though ____ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
解析：考查定冠词。句意：不管是熊猫，即使医疗培训说明书上使用的语言实际上是英语。这里特指在医疗培训说明书上使用的语言。故用the。
2. (2022·全国II卷) ______ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
解析：考查定冠词。此处表示特指布朗一家人，常用the+姓氏，此处位于句首，首字母应该大写。故用The。
The
the
3. (2021·全国I卷) While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____ must to visit!
解析：考查不定冠词。句意：当你在中国游玩的时候，一定要去Mount Huangshan！a must指“一件必须要做的事”。故用a。
4. (2021·全国II卷) A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
解析：考查冠词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，航空公司在每天的1200个航班上都会把塑料杯换成纸杯。此处特指“1,200个航班上使用的塑料杯”，所以用定冠词the。
a
the
5. (2019·全国I卷) Of ____ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
解析：考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
6. (2019·全国II卷) When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was ____ joke.
解析：考查不定冠词。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑”可知，此处joke为泛指，故填 a。
the
a
7. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ____ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
解析：考查定冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25 年里。故填 the。
8. (2017·全国卷II) This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ____ top.
解析：考查定冠词。句意：这包括挖掘道路，铺设轨道，然后在顶部建造坚固的屋顶。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。
the
the
5. (2017·全国Ⅲ) Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as ____ model in New York.
解析：考查不定冠词。句意为：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特每天收入 6,500英镑。用不定冠词 a 表泛指。
a
考向 2 固定结构中的冠词
单句语法填空
1. (2022·全国卷I) Covering an area about three times _____ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
解析：考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。
2. (2020·新高考全国卷II) Each volume in the set explores _____ wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 　and discusses the influences they have on everyday life.
解析：考查冠词。句意：每一卷在一套探索广泛的材料，解释了数字系统的主要应用的基本概念。a wide range of...“广泛的……”，固定短语。故用a。
the
a
3. (2019·全国浙江卷) Everybody wears _____ same style of clothes.
解析：考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填 the。
4. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.
解析：考查冠词。此处为固定短语 at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。
the
the
5. (2017·全国卷I ) As ____ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
解析：考查不定冠词。as a result 意为“结果”，是固定搭配。故填a。
6. (全国 Ⅱ) Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ___ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
解析：考查不定冠词。句意：让你的身体和思想休息一会儿。固定表达 for a while 一会儿。故填a。
a
a
5. (全国II ) The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _____ most modern of architects and engineers.
解析：考查定冠词。空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，应该填定冠词。故用the。
the
考点精析
框架结构图
冠词
基本用法
固定搭配
a/an的一般用法
the的一般用法
分类
定冠词(the)
零冠词
不定冠词
a/an
用an的20个元音音素
不定冠词的核心考点
1.表示数量“一”，相当于“one”。
I’ll come back in a day or two.
2.表示“同一”，相当于“the same”。
The children in the kindergarten are of an age.
3.表示泛指或类指，指人或事物的某一个或某一类。
Shirley wants to be a doctor.
A house is a useful animal.
4.用于首次提到的单数可数名词前。
Yesterday I bought an English-English dictionary. It cost me 90 yuan.
5.用于某一表示重量、长度、时间等的单位前，表示“每一”。
We have meals three times a day, but usually two in winter.
6,用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个,相当于“a certain”。
A Mr. Smith is asking to see you tomorrow morning.
7.与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用，表示“一种/一类/一份/一场/一阵/……”。
There was a heavy rain yesterday and some of the houses was damaged.
Having disappeared for so many years, he gave us a big surprise.
8.用于序数词前表示“又一,再一”。
Though he failed, he wanted to try a second time.
9.表示季节、月份、日期、三餐的名词前有修饰语时,前面可用不定冠词。
We have a warm winter in the south of China this year.
When the children came home this evening we had a big supper.
10.用在某些固定词组中。
have a swim 去游泳 all of a sudden 突然之间
as a result (of) 结果（是） once in a while 偶尔
in a hurry 匆忙地 as a whole 整体上
at a time 某（一）次
定冠词的核心考点
1.用于上文提到过的人或事物前。
I have bought a novel. The novel is very interesting.
2.用于说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物前。
Close the window, please. A bit loud outside.
3.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前，如:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
4.用于表示方位的名词之前，如：
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
5.用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前，如：the first, the most interesting。
6.用于“the+比较级，the+比较级”中，表示“越……越……”。
The sooner, the better.
7.用于表示两者相比“较……的那个人或物”的比较级形式前。
Of the two students, Mary is the taller and smarter.
8.用于形容词之前，使其名词化，表示一类人，如：the old, the poor, the dead。
The rich should the poor to live a happy life.
9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词(如国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸、会议、条约等的名称)之前,如：the Great Wall, the United States 等。
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
10.用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛等名词之前，如：the West Lake。
11.用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”，如：the Whites。
The Whites are living in the countryside now.
12. 用于作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前，如：play the piano, play the violin。
The little girl can play the piano and some other musical instruments.
13.用于表示度量单位的名词前，如：by the day。
The workers works very hard and are paid by the day.
14.用于年代、朝代、时代名词前，如：in the 1970s。
In the 1970s, many countries established diplomatic relations with China.
15.用于某些固定词组中，如：all the time, at the age of, in the end, by the way, in the form of 等。
零冠词的情况
1.不含普通名词的专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词，如：China, America。
2.可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。
Albert Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
3.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词，如: March, on Sunday, have supper。
4.称呼语前不加冠词。
What shall I do next, Mother
5.表示独一无二的头衔、职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，一般不加冠词。
6.学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。
7.复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时，其前不加冠词。
8.在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。
You can go to school on foot, not by taxi.
9.连系动词 turn后的表语单数可数名词前不加冠词。
The young worker has turned writer.
10.as, though引导让步状语从句时须倒装，其表语(单数可数名词)置于句首时不加冠词。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
11.某些固定词组中不加冠词，如：husband and wife, arm in arm
注意下列词组的区别：
go to school 去上学
go to the school 到学校去(不一定是去上学)
go to/be at church 去做礼拜/在做礼拜
go to/be at the church 去/在教堂(不一定是做礼拜)
go to bed 就寝，上床睡觉
go to the bed 向床走去，走到床前(不一定是去睡觉)
go to sea 出海(是海员）
go to the sea 去海边(不一定是海员)
be in hospital 在住院
be in the hospital 在医院里(不一定是病人)
be in prison 在坐牢
be in the prison 在监狱（不一定是犯人）
in front of 在……(外部)的前面
in the front of 在……（内部)的前面
at table 吃饭
at the table 在桌旁(不一定是吃饭)
by day 在白天
by the day 按天计算
take place 发生
take the place of 代替
in possession of sth. 拥有某物
in the possession of sb.为某人所拥有
in sight of 能看见，看得见
in the sight of 在……看来；从……观点来看
书面表达中冠词易错点聚焦
由于受到汉语的干扰，冠词错用或遗漏是我们中国学生在写作中常见的错误类型之一。
存在的误区有以下几种：
1.对抽象名词具体化的应用判断失误
The Christmas evening party was success.
The Christmas evening party was a success.
(误)
(正)
2.冠词在一些固定结构中的误用
Mrs. Taylor has an eight-year-old daughter who has the gift for painting— she has won two national prizes.
Mrs. Taylor has an eight-year-old daughter who has a gift for painting—she has won two national prizes.
Our teacher is kind to us and he often has words with us.
Our teacher is kind to us and he often has a word with us.
(误)
(正)
(误)
(正)
3.冠词表示类别和不用冠词时的易错点
In many places of China, a bicycle is still the popular means of transportation.
In many places of China, the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation.
(误)
(正)
I.单句语法填空
1. There is ___ constant beat in rap songs. The beat accounts for the popularity of rap music in clubs.
2. Last weekend, I was travelling home from Bangalore. There was ___ distinct lack of buses, so I thought I would escape the crowd and go for refreshment. I decided to go to a hotel near the bus stand.
3. The International Red Cross/Red Crescent exists to help the victims of conflicts and disasters regardless of their nationality. _____ symbol of the organization was originally just the red cross.
4. There are lots of experiences in our lives. _____ most unforgettable one for me is the speech competition which was held last year.
考 点 集 训
a
a
The
The
5. We have opened up ____ clothing shop called “Gifts of Grace” and advertised free clothing for anyone who has the need.
6. Guinness World Records editor Graig Glenday says, “This is ______ extraordinary world-record attempt that shows both spiritual dedication and true passion.”
7. One day in particular, a finely dressed gentleman stood outside the rich man’s door and said, “You’ve given me ____ second chance at life. With your generous gift, I was able to invest the money and pull myself out of poverty.”
8. You should also be prepared to make changes in the diet and get accustomed to ____ local foods and the limited selection of familiar foods in the stores and restaurants.
a
an
a
the
Ⅱ.语法填空(冠词专练)
I came to study in the United States ____ year ago. Yet I did not know _____ real American society until I was injured in a car accident because after _____ accident I had to see a doctor and go to court.
After the accident, my roommate called ___ doctor for me. I was very thankful and decided to repay him one day. But _____ next day, he asked me to pay him $ 200 for what he had done. I was astonished. He had good reasons to charge me, he said. And if I wanted to collect money from ____ person who was responsible for my injury, I’d have to have ____ good lawyer. Now that he had helped me to find a good doctor, it was only fair that I should pay him.
But every time I went to see _____ doctor, I had to wait about 50 minutes. He would see three or four patients at _____ same time, and often stop treating one so as to see another. Yet he charged me $ 115 each time. _____ final examination report only contained ten lines, but it cost me $ 215.
a
the
the
a
the
the
a
the
the
The
Thank you