北师大版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 1 Life Choices　Grammar课件(共44张PPT)

(共44张PPT)
Unit 1　Life Choices
Section Ⅳ　Grammar
走近新课·一起感知
语法探究·一起思考
随 堂 练 习
走近新课·一起感知
语法感知
写出画线部分在句中所做的成分
1.My aim is to set up my own company.
2.We came home to find our garden neat and tidy.
3.Each bird loves to hear itself sing.
表语　
状语　
宾语　
4.It is hard to please all.
5.To know everything is to know nothing.
6.Never offer to teach fish to swim.
主语　
主语;表语
宾语;宾语补足语
语法探究·一起思考
知识脉络
语法精讲
知识脉络
语法精讲
动词不定式和-ed/-ing形容词
一、动词不定式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等,但不能做谓语。动词不定式的结构如下:
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.
研究人员有一个好的方法来处理这个问题。
Tell your brother not to come tomorrow.
告诉你哥哥明天不要来。
He didn’t know where to go.他不知道该去哪儿。
It is important for you to learn some skills.
对于你来说学习一些技能是重要的。
He saw Li Ping come into the classroom.
他看见李平走进了教室。
1.动词不定式用作主语
单个动词不定式用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
To take care of the little children is what I want to do.
照看这些小孩子是我想做的事情。
注意 为了避免句子头重脚轻,可以用it做形式主语,而把真正的主语——动词不定式(短语)放在句末。
It is not easy to learn English well.学好英语不容易。
It is important for you to study hard at college.
在大学里努力学习对你来说是重要的。
【即学即用】
同义句转换
①To get up early is a good habit.
→　　　　　　　a good habit 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②To solve the problem in such a short time is difficult.
　　　　　　　　　　　the problem in such a short time.
It is
to get up early
It is difficult to solve
2.不定式用作表语
不定式放在be,become,sound等系动词后面常表示将来的动作或起解释说明作用,其主语常常是wish,idea,task,purpose, duty,job,suggestion等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
My present job is to answer the phone calls.
我目前的工作是接电话。
【即学即用】
完成句子
③他的理想是长大后做一名医生。
His wish is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
④我的建议是立即开始工作。
My suggestion is 　　　　　　　　　　　　at once.
to be a doctor when he grows up
to start work
3.不定式用作宾语
(1)不定式可以用作及物动词的宾语。只能跟不定式做宾语的动词有:afford,agree,aim,appear,arrange,attempt,choose, claim,decide,demand,determine,expect,fail,help,hesitate,hope,learn,manage,neglect,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,prove,refuse,seem,tend,volunteer,want,wish等。
The man prepared to pick up his wife at the station.
这个人准备去车站接他的妻子。
After the accident,he determined to give up smoking.
那起事故之后,他决定戒烟。
(2)有时可用it做形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置。
I think it very important to learn a foreign language.
我认为学一门外语是很重要的。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
⑤He considered it impossible 　　　　　　　　　(finish) the work within two days.
⑥She wondered what　　　　　　(expect) in the future.
to finish
to expect
完成句子
⑦我不知道他为什么拒绝回答这个问题。
I don’t know why he 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　.
⑧从我身边走过时,他假装不认识我。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　when he walked past me.
refused to answer this question
pretended not to know me
4.不定式用作宾语补足语
(1)不定式常跟在下列动词之后做宾语补足语:ask,advise, allow,beg,cause,command,enable,encourage,expect,feel,force,find,inform,invite,mean,notice,order,permit,persuade, remind,require,request,teach,tell,urge,warn等。
The scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months.
科学家们要求同一组人每18个月回实验室一次。
My friend invited me to see the film yesterday.
昨天我的朋友邀请我去看了电影 。
Her parents didn’t allow her to go out at night.
她的父母不允许她晚上出去。
(2)在感官动词和使役动词后面做宾语补足语的不定式不带to,但变为被动语态时,做主语补足语的不定式需带to。常见的上述动词(短语)有:feel,listen to,hear,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe等。另外,动词不定式在help后做宾语补足语时,不定式符号to可有可无。
I saw him go upstairs just now.
我刚才看见他上楼了。
He was seen to go upstairs just now.
有人看见他刚才上楼了。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
⑨The boss had the girl 　　　　　　(buy) some drinks for the children.
⑩The officer ordered the people 　　　　　　　(leave) the building.
buy
to leave
完成句子
请提醒我今晚给父母写信。
Please remind me 　　 　　.
你可以请你哥哥帮助你学习英语。
You can ask your brother 　　 .
to write to my parents tonight
to help with your English
5.不定式用作定语
(1)动词不定式用作定语时,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。
He was lucky to have got a chance to attend the party.
他很幸运,得到了参加那个派对的机会。
(2)如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,那么动词后面就应有相应的介词。
I’m looking for a room to live in.
我正在找房间住。
(3)当中心词为序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时,常用不定式做定语。
She is always the last one to leave her office every day.
她每天总是最后一个离开办公室。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
I’d like to go with you,but I have several emails
　　　　　　　　　(answer).
She is always the first student 　　　　　 (arrive) at school.
完成句子
这个女孩是当时村里唯一受过教育的人。
The girl is the only person 　　　　　　　　　in her village.
to answer
to arrive
to receive education
6.不定式用作状语
(1)表示目的
The woman went to the hospital to see her friend yesterday.
昨天这位女士去医院看望了她的朋友。
To keep up with others,he has been studying very hard.
为了赶上别人,他一直在努力学习。
(2)表示结果
动词不定式用作状语表示结果时常用于以下结构:
①so+形容词/副词+as to do 如此……以至于……
②such+形容词+名词+as to do 如此……以至于……
③enough+名词+to do 足够……
名词/形容词/副词+enough+to do 足够……
④too+形容词/副词+to do 太……以至于不能……
He is so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbours.
他非常友好,总是帮助他的邻居。
名师点津 不定式短语表示结果时,常与only连用,暗示一种意外的结果。
They hurried to the station,only to find that the train had left.
他们匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经离开了。
(3)表示原因
不定式用作原因状语,常用在某些表示情感的形容词之后。
I’m sorry to hear that you are ill.
听说你病了,我很难过。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
I’m glad 　　　　　　　　(pick) you up at the station today.
完成句子
他大声说话,为的是让大家都能听见。
He spoke loudly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
这个男孩太弱,举不起这个箱子。
The boy was too weak 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
to pick
to make himself heard
to lift the box
二、-ed/-ing形容词
1.-ed形容词和-ing形容词用法区别
(1)以-ed结尾的形容词描述人的情感。
Are you interested in science
你对科学感兴趣吗
(2)以-ing结尾的形容词描述情境、人或事物。
I think the story is very interesting.
我认为这个故事非常有趣。
2.常见的-ed/-ing形容词
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①What you did really made your father 　 　　(surprise).
②For such little children,it was really an 　 　　(excite) film.
完成句子
③她的脸上露出了满意的微笑。
There was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on her face.
④老师让我们今晚去听那个鼓舞人心的报告。
The teacher asked us to listen to the 　　　 　　tonight.
surprised
exciting
a satisfied smile
inspiring report
随 堂 练 习
一、单句语法填空
1.The mother was 　　　　　　(satisfy) with what her son said to her.
答案:satisfied
2.The film was so 　　　　　　　that the audience were deeply 　　　　　　.(move)
答案:moving;moved
3.What the professor said really made the students　
　　　　(confuse).
答案:confused
4.For the people living here,it’s really a 　　　　(frighten) experience.
答案:frightening
5.The woman got up very early　　　　　　　　　(catch) the early bus that morning.
答案:to catch
6.After school we went to the reading room,only 　　　(tell) that it was being decorated.
答案:to be told
7.All of us were very surprised 　　　　　　　　　(hear) that he had left the company.
答案:to hear
8.It is very difficult for us　　　　　　　　　(finish) the whole work in two days.
答案:to finish
9.It is not always easy　　　　　　　　　(refuse) such an invitation.
答案:to refuse
10.How　　　　　　　　　(solve) the problem will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.
答案:to solve
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
Tom was always trying 1.　　　　　　(catch) up with other students in English but he was 2.　　 　(disappoint) at the slow progress.So he asked his teacher 3. 　　　　(help) him.The teacher told him that it was important for him
4.　　　　　　(remember) the words,phrases and grammar.At the same time,he must make use of his spare time 5.　　　　　　　　(do) some exercises.
to catch
disappointed
to help
to remember
to do
With the help of the teacher,he gradually improved his way
6.　　　　　　　(study) English.Tom spared no effort
7.　　　　　　(study) English.After three months,he was praised by the teacher because of his 8. 　　　　 (excite) progress.He decided 9.　　　　　　(keep) on studying and 10.　　　　　　(be) an excellent student.
to study
to study
exciting
to keep
to be