中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年高考新课标II卷 D篇解析
DAs cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text A. Pocket parks are now popular.B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.C. Many cities are overpopulated.D. People enjoy living close to nature.13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories A. To compare different types of park-goers.B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.C. To analyze the main features of the park.D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5 A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.C. The same nature experience takes different forms.D. The nature language enhances work performance.15. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn A. Language study.B. Environmental conservation.C. Public education.D. Intercultural communication. 【词汇积累】balloon v. 膨胀,激增examine v. 检查,审查submission n. 提交,提交的资料assign v. 分配,归于pattern n. 模式,模型encounter v. 遇见,遭遇professional n. 专业人士 domestic adj. 家用的,家庭的senior adj. 资深的,老年的 【短语积累】a pocket park 袖珍公园health and wellness 健康submit a written summary 提交一份书面的总结code --- into --- 把---编号(编码) interact with --- 与---互动 【难句分析】1.If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 如果你幸运的话,你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园,但在城市里找到相对未开发的自然状态的地方是很罕见的。 where引起的是near 的宾语从句。that引起的是places的定语从句。2. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. 他们调查了数百名公园游客,要求他们在线上提交一份书面总结,描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction 是surveyed的状语。interaction 后面跟的they had with nature in the park是其定语从句。3. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. 命名每一种自然界体验产生了一种可用的语言,这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。这个句子中的language 应该是一种交流、互动的方式,activities 后面的that从句是其定语从句。4. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. 在工作日回到市中心,他们可以在午饭休息期间沿着喷泉散步,享受一种更家居型的互动形式。这个句子是本段中举例的后半部分。注意这个例子起到的支撑作用:给自然界里的体验命名所带来的好处:让人们意识到和参与到这些体验活动中来。比如水边漫步这一类别的确认,使人们体验自然的活动从自然界的水边扩大到人工环境的水边,人们的满足感和自然界中的体验一样。
【应试点拨】:1. 本文以现象入手,提出研究发现,再提及研究的实施过程。在这个过程中,发现了人们认为重要的6种自然界体验。命名这些体验有着提升人与自然互动的意义。当然我们也要先保护自然,才有可能体验自然。这种“织围巾”式的文章结构要求同学们特别注意各段之间的逻辑关系。要有意识的练习和总结。 2. 同学们要注意不同的题材不同的阅读方式。对于较抽象的、理论性的材料,也要注意有的放矢,重视考试考察的目的,不要在考场上长时间的详细的分析,比如对于nature language的理解,应该是人与自然互动的方式,和我们平时理解的语言有着很大的不同。但是,我们不能在考场上去搞研究,而是要结合设问去进行相关细节的理解。 3. 对于干扰项的判断。除了我们常讲的核对原文相关细节,用近义词或词组进行替换和解释之外,还要总结干扰项的特点。这一条在C篇文章的应试点拨中提及了,不再多说。在D篇文章中,同学们还应该注意两种推理方法:归纳和演绎。归纳是以一系列经验事物或知识素材为依据,寻找出基本规律或共同规律,从而推测事物的发展。演绎就是以客观规律为依据,从已知推得未知。这两者都涉及到准确率的问题,这儿不展开。在D篇文章中把收集来的信息分类编码实际上就是用的归纳法。利用这些信息,找出了一些规律性的东西。D项就更容易理解了。 4.注重心态的培养和方法的积累。这儿不再展开。【译文】随着城市的飞速发展,生活在城区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话,你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园,但在城市里找到相对未开发的自然状态的地方是很罕见的。过去的研究发现,自然界对人类的健康有益,但一项新的研究表明,城市地区的自然环境对人们的健康幸福极其重要。研究小组把重点放在一个大型城市公园上。他们调查了数百名公园游客,要求他们在线上提交一份书面总结,描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后,研究人员检查了这些提交的信息,将这些经历编码分成不同的类别。例如,一个参与者的“我们坐在沙滩上听了一会儿海浪”的经历被分到“坐在沙滩上”和“听海浪”的类别。在这320份提交的信息中,一种被研究人员称为“自然界的语言”的分类模式开始显露出来。在对所有提交的内容进行编码分类后,有六个类别被认为对这些游客最重要。这些类别中包括遇到野生动物,沿着水边散步,沿着一条长着草的小路行走。命名每一种自然界体验产生了一种可用的语言,这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如,沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心,他们可以在午饭休息期间沿着喷泉散步,享受一种更家居型的互动形式。“我们正试图创造一种语言,以有助于将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点,我们还需要保护自然,这样我们才能与它互动,”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩(Peter Kahn)说。 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. B【解析】本文介绍了一些研究者在探讨人类和自然的关系过程中的一些发现。通过调查过程中的分类和命名,与自然的互动可以产生一种人与自然交流的语言,帮助人们认识和参与对自然互动,呼吁保护自然。【12题详解】细节核对题。根据第一段内容随着城市的飞速发展,生活在城区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。在城市里找到相对未开发的自然状态的地方是很罕见的。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的内容:研究人员检查了这些提交的信息,将游客和自然的互动分为不同的类别。再根据第四段内容:在这种分类模式中,有6类被认为是最重要的。因此,给游客提交的信息分类是为了发现一些人与自然互动的模式。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段内容:命名每一种自然界体验产生了一种可用的语言,这有助于人们认识并参与到人与自然互动的活动中。然后举例说明:沿着水边散步可以在自然界中进行,也可以在人工喷泉边进行。可知,人与自然主动(体验自然)可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Peter Kahn的话:我们正试图创造一种语言,以有助于将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点,我们还需要保护自然,这样我们才能与它互动。所以,彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。