Unit 2 How often do you exercisen知识点归纳总结学案

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit2 How often do you exercise
一、词汇拓展
1．一num. one 第一 num. first 一次；曾经adv. once
2．二num. two第二 num. second两次；两倍adv. twice
second n. 秒
3．忙的；满的；充满的；饱的adj. full(反义词) free/available/empty/hungry(近义词) busy
4．(使)摇动；摆动v. swing(过去式) swung
5．少的；低的adj.有点儿adv.(原级) little更少的；较少的adj.更少地；较少地adv.(比较级) less最少；最小adv.最小的；最少的adj.&pron.(最高级) least
6．电视(缩写)n. TV(全称) television
7．健康；人的身体(或精神)状态n. health健康的adj. healthy健康地adv. healthily
8．身体n. bodypl. bodies
9．更多的；更大的adj. more更少的；更小的adj.(反义词) less
10．作家；作者n. writer写作n. writing
11．死亡；灭亡v. die(过去式) died(现在分词) dying死去的adj. dead死亡n. death
（二）、重点短语
Section A
on weekends 在周末　　　
at least 至少　　　　　
do housework做家务
help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人
help sb do sth帮助某人做某事
help with housework帮忙做家务
with the help of sb=with one's help在某人的帮助下
can't help doing sth情不自禁做某事
help oneself随便吃
sometimes=at times有时，偶尔
some times几次，几倍
sometime不定的某时
some time一段时间
hardly ever几乎从不
once a week一周一次
twice a week两周一次
three times a month一个月三次
use the Internet=surf the Internet=go online上网
be free=have time空闲，有时间
in one's free time在某人的空闲时间
be free to do sth自由的做某事
be full of sth充满…
have lessons=take lessons上课
go to the movies去看电影
go shopping去购物
how come怎么会
what about=how about …怎么样
swing dance摇摆舞
at least至少
at most最多
play sports=do sports参加体育运动
stay up late熬夜
how often多久一次，对频率提问
how long多久，多长时间，多长，对时间长短或物体长度提问
how far多远，对距离提问
how many多少，对可数名词的量提问
how much多少，多少钱，对价格或不可数名词的量提问
how soon多久之后，对将来时间提问（in+时间段）
Section B
be healthy=be in good health身体健康
keep healthy保持健康
ask sb about sth询问某人有关于某事
ask sb to do sth叫某人做某事
ask sb for sth向某人要某物
not…at all一点也不，根本不
the answer to… …的答案
基数词+precent of …的百分之…
junk food垃圾食品
the best way to do sth=the best way of doing sth做某事的最好方式
the mind and the body身心
such as，for example比如，例如
more than=over超过，多于
less than少于
spend time with sb与某人共度时光
be good for sb对某人有益
old habits die hard.旧习难改
三、重点句型
——周末你通常做什么？　
——我经常去看电影。
—What do you usually do on weekends？　
—I often go to the movies.
——你多久看一次电视？　
——一周两次。
—How often do you watch TV？　
—Twice a week．
你特别喜欢的节目是什么？
What's your favorite program
你正在学什么种类的舞蹈？
What kind of dance are you learning
为什么呢？/怎么会呢？
How come？
虽然许多学生喜欢观看体育节目，但游戏类节目却是最受欢迎的。
Although many students like to watch sports，game shows are the most popular.
7．通过上网或看游戏类节目来放松很不错，但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。
It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows，but we think the best way to relax is through exercise．
8．它有益于身心健康。It is healthy for the mind and the body.
9．但我妈妈想让我喝它。But my mother wants me to drink it.
10．我们发现仅有15%的学生每天锻炼。
We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.
你每晚睡多少个小时？
How many hours do you sleep every night
12．作者认为最好的放松方式是什么？
What does the writer think is the best way to relax？
四、重难点知识归纳
1.How often do you exercise？你多久锻炼一次？
1)how often意为“多久一次”，用来询问动作或行为发生的频率，常用于对表示频率的词或短语(often, usually, sometimes, never, twice a week等进行提问
eg: -- How often do you go to the movies 你多久看一次电影？
-- I never go to the movies. 我从不看电影。
once a week是表示频率的短语，常用来回答how often的提问。其中once作副词，意为“一次”。twice a week 一周两次 twice adv. 两次；两倍twice a month/year意为“一月/年两次”，表示频率。
Eg: I play chess at least twice a week.
Please think twice before you hand in your paper.
次数表达法:表示次数应注意，time后面加-s；一次两次很特殊，once，twice要牢记。
2)exercise v. 锻炼 = do sports/play sports
n. ① 不可数名词 运动；锻炼 take exercise/do exercise
e.g. I don’t get much exercise sitting in the office all day.
② 可数名词 一套动作，训练活动，练习
breathing exercises 呼吸训练 do eye exercises做眼保健操 Do morning exercises 做早操
③可数名词 习题;练习 grammar exercises 语法练习
2.辨析sometimes, some times, sometime与some time
sometimes 有时 = at times 可位于句首、句中和句末，对其提问要用how often。E.g. Sometimes he had lunch at school.
some times 几次、几倍 其中time为可数名词，意为“次；回”。对其提问要用how many times。e.g. I’ve been to the museum some times.
sometime 某时 多用于将来时，表示将来的某个时间点。e.g. I will visit Daming sometime this summer vacation.
some time 一段时间 表示动作或状态持续了多长时间。e.g. She has lived here for some time.
3.辨析hardly 与hard
hardly作副词，表示“几乎不”；
hard用作副词表示“努力地、猛烈地” work /study hard 努力工作/学习 rain hard/heavily 雨下得大
hard作形容词表示“硬的、困难的” hard floor 坚硬的地板
e.g. He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。
He works hard. 他努力工作。
This is a hard work. 这是一项艰难的工作。
4.Hmm...next week is quite full for me，Jack.呣……下周我很忙，杰克。
(1) full作形容词，在此意为“忙的”，相当于busy，其反义词是free“空闲的”
e.g. His life is too full to find time for hobbies.
(2)full作形容词，还可意为“满的；充满的”，反义词是empty“空的”。
be full of 与be filled with同义，意为“充满”。
The bottle is full of water. = The bottle is filled with water.
(3) full作形容词，还可意为“饱的”，反义词是hungry“饿的”。
Would you like another bowl of rice
Thank you. But I am full.
常用短语为be full of...，意为“充满……”；反义词是empty，意为“空的”。
e.g. The bus is full of people. 公共汽车里挤满了人。
full adj. 吃饱的；过饱的，其反义词是hungry，意为“饥饿的”
e.g. Are you hungry or full？你饿了还是饱了？
5.Hi, Claire, are you free next week
(1)free作形容词表示“空闲的、有空的”，be free相当于have time。
I will be free next week.=I will have time next time.
(2)free作形容词，还可以表示“免费的、自由的”，be free to do sth.“自由地做某事”。
smoke-free 禁烟的 tax-free 免税的 pain-free 无痛苦的
6.I go to the movies maybe once a month.我可能一月去看电影一次。
maybe adv. 大概；或许；可能
e.g. Maybe that man is a policeman. 或许那人是警察。
辨析 maybe 和may be
maybe 副词，意为“或许；大概”，常位于句首表推测。 Maybe he is at Jim's home.或许他在吉姆家。
may be 由情态动词may和 be构成，意为“可能是、也许是”，在句中作谓语。 He may be right.他可能是对的。
7. Exercise such as playing sports is fun, and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.
(1) 辨析such as 与for example
such as 一般用于列举同一类人或物中的一个例子，但必须数量少于前面所提及的总数，只能放在所列举的名词前； He knows several languages, such as English and Chinese.
for example 一般用于列举一个例子，后面经常加上一个句子，位置很灵活，可位于句首、句中，于被列举的事例之间用逗号隔开。 I like fruit; for example, I often eat bananas in the evening.
(2) sb. spend+时间/金钱+on sth. “在某事上花费多长时间或者多少钱”；
sb. spend+时间+(in) doing sth.“花费多长时间做某事”
spend 主语是人 spend...on sth.spend...(in) doing sth. e.g. The family spent 10,000 dollars on their trip.The boy has spent two hours playing the computer games.
pay 主语是人 pay for sth.pay +金钱. for sth. I paid 50 yuan for the pen.
take it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。 It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. It takes me at least 30 minutes to exercise every day.
cost 主语是物 sth. costs sb.+金钱 The dictionary cost me 89 yuan.
8. 16-year- old 表示:16岁的
基数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词相当于形容词，其中名词不用复数，常用在名词前作定语。
A two-meter-wide bridge 一座两米宽的桥，a 7- day -long vacation 一个7天长的假期。
Lily is a 10 -year -old girl=Lily is 10 years old。
9.However, she has some bad habits, too.
(1) however作副词，表示“但是、然而”，
可置于句首句中或句末，且常用逗号与其他的成分隔开，but连词表转折直接连接两个意思，相反或不同的单词短语或句子。
My brother can speak French but I can't. It's really raining hard, however, I still want to go there.
(2) also, too, as well与either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。
also 放在句中行为动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。 He also wants to go.
too 用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。 He wants to go, too.
as well 用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。 He wants to go as well.
either 用于否定句句末。 He doesn’t want to go either
五、单元语法精讲
1.频率副词
意思 频度
always 总是，一直， 100%
usually 通常，经常 90%
often 常常，经常 70%
sometimes = at times 有时，不时 40%
hardly ever= almost not 几乎从不 5%
never 从不，决不 0%
2.how特殊疑问句
词语 词义 用法 答语特征
how long 多久 询问时间多久 for/about+一段时间
how often 多久一次 询问动作的频率 often, twice a week等
how soon 多快，过多久 询问时间多快 in+一段时间
how far 多远 询问距离多远 ten minutes’ walk
how many 多少 询问可数名词数量 数词+可数名词复数
how much 多少 询问不可数名词数量 数词+表示量的词+不可数名词
多少钱 询问价格 数词+钱
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