外研版（2019） 必修 第三册 Unit 1 Knowing me, Knowing you Developing ideas—读写?体现学以致用课件(共90张PPT)
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019） 必修 第三册 Unit 1 Knowing me, Knowing you Developing ideas—读写?体现学以致用课件(共90张PPT) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-07-09 17:17:53 | ||
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(共90张PPT)
Developing ideas—读写·体现学以致用
课时目标
1. 理解课文“Little White Lies”的特殊结构和行文思路，理解和掌握论说文的基本结构，以及与主题相关的词汇与表达等。
2. 联系自身的学习与生活，深入思考善意的谎言的利和弊，培养正确的生活态度和价值观。
3. 联系生活实际，学会分析问题、解决问题的方法和文章的组织方式，完成论说文写作。
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．tangled adj. 纠结的；复杂的
2．web n. 蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
3．weave v. 编，织
4．deceive v. 欺骗
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1． v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护
2． n. 眼泪，泪水
3． adv. 此外，而且
4． adv. 分离，分开
5． n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆
justify
tear
moreover
apart
fence
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1． adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→frankly adv.坦率地，坦诚地→frankness n．坦率，坦诚
2． n．后者→late adj.迟的，晚的，后来的
3． adj.独立的→independence n．独立
frank
latter
independent
四、背短语、词块——多积更行
1． 说谎
2． 认为
3． 即使
4． 实际上
5． 保护……免受……
6． 比如说
tell a lie
think of
even if
in fact
protect ...from ...
say for example
7． 返回，追溯到
8． 提前
9． 弄清楚
10． 而不是
11． 由……组成
12． 因为，由于
go back to
in advance
find out
instead of
consist of
because of
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.(one of ...is ...“……之一是……”)
说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。
写佳句
我最喜欢的爱好之一是阅读。
One of my favorite hobbies is reading.
2.
悟原句 Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing.(say for example that ...“比如说……”)
比如说，你的朋友问你觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。
写佳句 you go to the bus station on foot.
比如说，你步行去汽车站。
Say for example that
3.
悟原句 Wouldn't it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice？(wouldn't it be better ...？“……不是更好吗？”)
尊重他们对你的关心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？
写佳句 wait until after the rush hour？
等交通高峰期过去不是更好吗？
Wouldn't it be better to
第一遍 泛读通文意
Little White Lies
1 Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry：
Oh, what a tangled web we weave,
When first we practise to deceive!
2 We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong, but who can honestly say that they've never told a lie Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
3 We've all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we don't like.The majority of us of course don't tell the truth — we lie and say that the food is “delicious”．
4 Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut, we say “It's great！”， even if we think it's awful. But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these
5 One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.However, when we lie and say that someone's haircut looks good, or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate, are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger of others.
[参考译文]
善意的小小谎言
200多年前，沃尔特·司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一：
啊，谎言一旦开始，
我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！
[句式释解]
句 过去分词短语 “Written more than ...ago”在句中作状语，表示让步。
我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？或许我们可以安慰自己，我们说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”，即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而撒的小谎。
[句式释解]
句 两个that引导的都是宾语从句，作know的宾语。
句 这是一个特殊疑问句，其中又包含一个that引导的宾语从句。
句 此句中第一个that引导的是同位语从句，它是对knowledge的解释说明；该句中“we tell”是定语从句，其前省略了关系词which或that。第二个that引导的是定语从句，先行词是lies。
我们一定都有过这样的经历：别人为我们准备的菜肴不合我们的口味。大多数人会理所当然地把真实想法隐藏起来——我们会撒谎说这道菜“很好吃”。
[句式释解]
句 此处that引导的是定语从句，先行词是a meal。
或者有朋友问我们他的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得剪得非常糟糕，也会说“棒极了！”但是这些善意的谎言到底有多正当呢？
[句式释解]
句 此处if引导的是条件状语从句，句中包含what引导的名词性从句，它作asks的宾语补足语；think of“认为”。
句 even if引导的是让步状语从句。
说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？也许事实上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。
[句式释解]
句 to try to make ...better是动词不定式短语作表语。
句 when引导的是时间状语从句，其中第一个that引导的是宾语从句，第二个that引导的是定语从句，先行词是a meal。
说善意的谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比如说，你的朋友问你觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。尽管你私下里认为他唱得还不如猫叫好听，但还是说他的歌声很美妙。停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己需要换一个爱好了。
第二遍 精读提素养
步骤一|先明文章主旨大意，知写了什么
What's the main idea of the passage
A．The famous lines of Walter Scott.
B．The reasons for telling white lies.
C．The benefits of telling white lies.
D．The results of telling white lies.
答案：B
步骤二|再逐段精读文章，看怎样写的
阅读文章第1～4段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)The word “knowledge” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “ ”．
(2)Why does the author mention the poem by Walter Scott
A．To tell us Walter Scott was a famous poet.
B．To introduce the topic of the text.
C．To show us the good way to weave.
D．To tell us the influence of Walter Scott.
awareness
(3)What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A．Being honest means you are valuable.
B．Honest men say they never tell lies.
C．We tell lies to protect ourselves.
D．White lies have a kind original intention.
(4)How does the author organize Paragraphs 3 and 4
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparison.
C．By telling stories.
D．By analysing the data.
答案：(2)～(4) BDA
2．表达的技巧
隐喻修辞法(metaphor)
隐喻是一种比喻，用一种事物暗喻另一种事物，但不在句子中用like, as等表示“像”的词语。其主要特点是比喻的本体通过喻体的形式来表达。 本文第一段引用的诗句“Oh, what a tangled web we weave, When first we practise to deceive！”中，使用了“web”这一隐喻修辞，web只是喻体，它本意是指蜘蛛网，此处喻指当人们开始说谎时，生活就会变得像蜘蛛网一样错综复杂。这种修辞的运用往往使得复杂难懂的道理浅显易懂。
试翻译下列句子：
①He has a heart of stone.
②He is a walking dictionary.
③A silver plate is rising up in the sky.
他心如磐石。
他是一部活词典。
一轮皓月在天空升起。
阅读文章第5～8段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)How many reasons does the author give for telling white lies
(2)What's your purpose by praising your friend's singing？
Three.
To give encouragement.
(3)What method does the author use to develop his argument
(4)What's the author's real attitude towards telling white lies
(5)What's the purpose of the passage
Giving examples and analyses.
The author is against telling white lies.
To tell us to be honest and not to tell white lies.
2．表达的技巧
排比修辞法(parallelism)
排比修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似，意思相关，语气一致的短语、句子排列成串，形成一个整体。本文最后一段使用了三个问句，它们在结构上形成排比句。这三个句子呼应了本段段首的结论“even white lies have results we cannot know in advance”，达到了强调论点的效果。写作中合理运用排比修辞，可以增强气势，突出所要表达的意义。
尝试使用排比修辞完成下列句子：
①帮助别人，使你身心快乐；帮助别人，使人们得到阳光的温暖；帮助别人，使社会更加温馨。
Helping others, makes your body and mind happy; helping others, makes people get the warmth of sunshine; .
②坚持是石，擦亮星星之火；坚持是火，点亮前行之灯；坚持是灯，照亮人生之路。
Persistence is the stone, polishing the spark; Persistence is the fire, lighting the lamp of progress; .
helping others, makes society much warmer
Persistence is the lamp, lighting the road of life
步骤三|读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑
本文是一篇论说文，结构上属于递进式结构。文章的论点：诚实很重要，说谎是错误的；论据：善意的谎言的三个原因及分析；结论：善意的谎言也有未知的结果。
阅读技巧：阅读论说文时，要快速浏览文章，理解段落主旨，明晰文章结构，找到论点、论据和论证三要素，在此基础上进一步梳理文章的论点和论证过程，透彻理解作者的真实意图和观点，学会分析问题和解决问题的论证方法及文章的组织方式。
步骤四|最后知选文意图，思有何价值
隐含的“诚实”
人在交往过程中总会出现意想不到的不顺或困境，此时，有人就用善意的谎言应对不顺或困境，这种做法虽然违背“诚实”，但是它也是一种处事方式，是一种替人着想的品质体现，是一种隐含的“诚实”。善意的谎言是手段而不是目的，它不仅无碍于诚实，而且还会极大地增进人与人之间的友谊和感情，促进社会的和谐发展。从哲学的角度来看，善意的谎言与诚实是对立统一的关系。在特定的情况下，它的核心价值观是有益的、可取的。
请体会并记住下面的句子：
①Honesty is the best policy.
诚实是上策。
②To be honest with others, people don't deceive me; to be honest in everything is to be successful.
对人以诚信，人不欺我；对事以诚信，事无不成。
③If a man is not honest, he will not be established, and if he is not trustworthy, he will not be prosperous.
人不诚不立，业无信不兴。
第一板块 单词和短语——点点清
1．Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry ...
200多年前，沃尔特 司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一……
★remain v．保持，依然，留下，剩下 n．遗迹，剩余物，残骸
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)The happy memories of my classmates will always remain with me.
对同学们的美好回忆会永远留在我心中。
②A lot of work remains to be done.
还有许多工作要做。
③The old lady left the remaining money to the waitress.
老太太把剩余的钱留给了女服务员。
[归纳点拨]
(1)remain to be done 有待/尚需/尚未做……
It remains to be seen ... ……有待证实
remain doing 依然做……
(2)remains n. 遗迹，剩余物
(3)remaining adj. 剩余的
[应用融会] (单句语法填空)
④Some desks remained (clean)．
⑤They never remained (satisfy) with their successes.
⑥After I repeatedly asked Tom to sit down, he remained (stand)．
⑦It remains (see) whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.
⑧They found some (remain) of the Tang Dynasty.
to be cleaned
satisfied
standing
to be seen
remains
2．Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
或许我们可以安慰自己，我们说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”，即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而撒的小谎。
★comfort v．& n．安慰
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作) A father is a treasure, a brother a comfort, but a friend is both.
父亲是财富，兄弟是安慰，朋友兼而有之。
②I comforted him with an old saying “Good medicine to the health tastes bitter to the mouth.”
我用一句老话安慰他：“良药苦口利于病。”
③They had enough money to live in comfort in their old age.
他们有足够的钱舒舒服服地安度晚年。
归纳点拨 (1)comfort sb.with sth. 以某物安慰某人
comfort sb.for sth. 因某事而安慰某人
(2)in comfort 舒适地
be a comfort to sb. 对某人来说是个安慰
(3)comfortable adj. 舒服的
名师点津 “抽象名词的具体化”，在一定场合下，某些抽象名词可以具体化为个体名词，这时它们具有可数名词的功能，这种情况我们称之为抽象名词具体化。如comfort, success，progress，pity，surprise等。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④His friends came to comfort him his loss.
⑤She comforted herself the thought that it would soon be spring.
⑥(2022·全国甲卷)The more time you spend in any given country，the more
(comfort) you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
(2)同义替换
⑦I like to travel comfortably, so I always go first class on the ship. __________
for
with
comfortable
in comfort
3．Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.
停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。
★frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
[用法感知]
①He offered a frank apology to her for having lost her new bike.
他为弄丢了她的新自行车向她诚恳地道歉。
②To be frank with you, I don't like the way you treated your sister.
老实说，我不喜欢你那样对待你妹妹。
③Frankly speaking, it's not easy to be a scientist.
坦白地说，成为科学家不是一件容易的事情！
[归纳点拨]
(1)to be frank (with sb.) 老实说，坦率地讲
(2)frankly adv. 坦率地，坦诚地
frankly speaking 坦诚地说
(3)frankness n. 坦率，坦诚
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④ (frank) speaking, I think you're wrong.
⑤To be frank you, I'm not very familiar with your country.
⑥I think it is their (frank) that leaves a deep impression on their employers.
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑦To be frank, I'd rather you were not involved in the case. ______
Frankly
with
frankness
honest
4．As soon as they started to get closer, they hurt each other with their quills, so they had to move apart.
当它们开始靠近时，它们就用刺相互伤害，所以它们不得不分开。
★apart adv.分离，分开
[用法感知]
①She keeps herself apart from other people.
她与其他人保持距离。
②Apart from that, there is going to be an English debate or discussion on Saturday evening.
除此之外，周六晚上将有一场英语辩论或讨论。
归纳点拨 (1)keep oneself apart from 与……保持距离 (2)apart from 除……外
易混辨析 except “除去，不包括”，强调所排除的“不包括在内”。其后接的词同主语一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。
except for “除……以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。except for后接的词同句子中的整体词(主语)不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方面。
apart from “除……之外”，它既可用作 besides, 也可用作 except 和 except for。
besides besides“除了什么之外，还有……”表示一种累加的除外关系。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③We should keep ourselves apart the people who smoke.
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
④Besides being too large, the hat doesn't suit me. ____________
(3)选词填空(except, besides, except for, apart from)
⑤ them, I had no one to talk to.
⑥ other considerations, time is also a factor.
⑦Good work a few slight faults.
from
Apart from
Apart from/Except
Apart from/Besides
apart from/except for
第二板块 句式和语法——句句通
1．Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry ...
200多年前，沃尔特 司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一……
[激活已学语法]
句中“Written more than two hundred years ago，”是过去分词短语作状语，表示让步。另外，过去分词短语作状语还可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。
[强化小练] (完成句子)
① mountains on three sides, the village is very beautiful.
这个村子三面环山，特别美丽。
② ,she decided to give the special bunch of roses to the little girl.
深受感动，她决定把这束特别的玫瑰送给这个小女孩。
③ environmental issues and a severe waste of resources, China is trying to ban the use of free plastic bags.
由于担心环境问题和严重的资源浪费，中国正在尝试禁止使用免费塑料袋。
Surrounded by
Deeply touched
Worried about
2．One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.
说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。
[归纳点拨]
“one of ...is ...”结构中of后的名词必须是可数名词的复数，如果“one of ...”短语作主语，则谓语动词用单数形式。注意在“one of＋名词＋定语从句”句式中，如果one of 前面有the only，the very修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词只能用单数，反之，则用复数。
[应用融会] (完成句子)
①(2021·全国甲卷) :Who will you go to in times of trouble
其中一个问题是，遇到麻烦时你会去找谁？
② you don't need expensive equipment.
关于跑步运动最好的事情之一就是你不需要昂贵的设备。
③(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)There are many respectable people around me. .
我周围有许多值得尊敬的人。 其中一个就是我的英语老师。
One of the questions is
One of the best things about the sport of running is that
One of them is my English teacher
写作项目——Writing an essay
本单元要求写一则寓言评论，属于论说文的范畴。写寓言评论时，应首先简介寓言故事，然后分析故事的寓意和与寓意相关的个人生活事例，最后写出自己的观点或评价。本写作旨在训练学生深入分析问题的能力，进而提高学生的思辨和表达能力。
一、学会谋篇布局
二、点拨写作要点
1．简述寓言，吸引读者；
2．点明寓意，提出论点；
3．论证充分，富有逻辑；
4．回扣论点，精要总结。
三、运用写作技法
1．巧用关键句表达，构建衔接框架
写好论说文要做到结构清晰，表述逻辑衔接，确保行文流畅。因此，可以运用关键句作为衔接语言，来构建论说文自然流畅的内部结构。例如：This fable describes ... / The fable teaches us that ... / We all ... but ... / One example of this form real life is ... / In conclusion, ... 结合所给寓言信息，运用这些有用表达，我们可以写出如下起到衔接作用的关键句：
①The fable describes a group of porcupines gathering together to keep warm.
②The fable teaches us that there should be boundaries in interpersonal relationships.
③We all value friendship, but have you considered that we need boundaries with our friends
④One example from real life is like this.
⑤In conclusion, in order to make our friendship last long, we have to find the proper distance between us and our friends，close enough to understand each other, far enough to respect each other.
以上关键句写好后，论说文的基本框架就搭建完成，接下来的任务就是丰富文章内容。
2．结合六要素，简述寓言，列举典例
寓言是用比喻性的故事来寄托意味深长的道理，给人以生活启示的文学体裁。因此，寓言评论的论说文适合列举现实生活中确凿、充分且有代表性的事例来证明寓意及论点，给人以生活指导，故寓言评论常选用例证法进行论证。无论是简述寓言还是生活实例表述都属于记叙类写作技能，这就要求我们结合记叙文六要素进行叙述，以确保叙述的完整性。
Who ①
When ②
Where ③
What They wanted to ④__________________________________________
.
Why Their long and hard ⑤ .
How They eventually found ⑥ ____________________________________
.
(1)结合六要素简述寓言(Summary of the fable)
a group of porcupines
on cold winter night
the place they live
keep warm by moving closer to each other, but
quills caused pain
the ideal distance where they could feel
warm without hurting each other
they hurt each other
(2)结合六要素，用典例论证(Supporting examples in your real life)
Who My friend, Ma Jing
When at senior high
Where on campus
What We had a quarrel and I felt hurt.
Why I always followed her，wanted to know her opinion on everything and tried to persuade her when she had a different idea.
How I stopped⑦ .
following her so much and I found our friendship repaired
四、逻辑衔接成文
The Porcupine Dilemma is written by German philosopher Schopenhauer. The fable describes a group of porcupines gathering together to keep warm. ① __________________,their quills hurt each other, while if they move apart, they feel cold. After trying several times, they find the ideal distance. The fable teaches us that there should be boundaries in interpersonal relationships.
Though it is an old fable, ② . We all value friendship，but have you considered that we need boundaries with our friends
If they get too close
it casts a light on us even today
One example from real life is like this. Once I thought ③ . Ma Jing is the first friend I made at senior high. At first, I thought since we were friends, she had to ④ . So I always followed her, wanted to know her opinion on everything and tried to persuade her when she had a different idea. Soon, we started quarrelling. ⑤ after a quarrel.How could I become annoying I felt hurt and discussed it with another friend.
friends should get close to each other, the closer the better
share the same ideas as mine
“You're so annoying！” she shouted angrily
Then I realised ⑥___________________________________________________
. Since then, I stopped following her so much and I found our friendship repaired. Now I have realised ⑦___________________
.
In conclusion, in order to make our friendship last long, we have to find the proper distance between us and our friends, close enough to understand each other, far enough to respect each other.
it was my problem. I had been getting too close to her and
leaving her no room for herself
that friends need to
have boundaries and respect each other, no matter how close we are
积素材充盈写作“语料库”
(一)背写作词汇
1．fable n． 寓言
2．teach v. 教，教导
3．relationship n. 关系
4．friendship n. 友谊
5．advice n. 忠告，建议
6．suggestion n. 建议
7．communication n. 交流
8．communicate v. 交流
9．promise n．&v. 承诺
10．respect v．&n. 尊敬
11．honest adj. 诚实的
12．cheat v. 哄骗，骗取
13．refuse v. 拒绝
14．accept v. 接受
15．trust v. 信任，信赖
16．share v. 分享
17．polite adj. 有礼貌的
18．precious adj. 珍贵的
19．understanding adj. 善解人意的
20．friendly adj. 友好的
21．be loyal to 对……忠诚
22．keep pany 陪伴某人
23．share ...with sb. 与某人分享……
24．keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系
25．get along well with sb. 与某人相处得好
(二)背写作佳句
[常用开头句]
1．The fable tells us that there should be boundaries in interpersonal relationships.
这个寓言告诉我们人际关系应该有界限。
2．A little Horse Crosses the River is one of the most popular fables I have ever read, which impressed me a lot then.
《小马过河》是我读过的最受欢迎的寓言之一，当时给我留下了深刻的印象。
3．Almost all of us heard the story “Here Comes the Wolf” when we were little kids.
当我们还是小孩子的时候，几乎所有人都听说过《狼来了》这个故事。
4．What we can learn from the story is that we must be honest and telling a lie is terrible.
我们可以从这个故事中学到的是，我们必须诚实，说谎是可怕的。
[常用中间句]
1．One example from my real life is like this.
我的现实生活中有像这样的一个例子。
2．Once I thought friends should get close to each other, the closer the better.
我曾经认为朋友之间应该彼此亲近，越亲近越好。
3．Since then, I stopped following her so much and I found our friendship repaired.
从那以后，我不再那么频繁地跟踪她，我发现我们的友谊得到了修复。
4．If we promise to do something, we should keep our word and try our best to do it well.
如果我们承诺做某事，我们应该遵守诺言，尽最大的努力把它做好。
[常用结束句]
1．As far as I'm concerned, honesty is a good virtue.
在我看来，诚实是一种美德。
2．People who are honest can always gain others' respect.
诚实的人总能赢得别人的尊重。
3．You cannot please everyone.
你不可能取悦所有人。
4．Only in an honest way are we able to make more friends and gain their cooperation to achieve our goals.
只有通过诚实的方式，我们才能交到更多的朋友，获得他们的合作来实现我们的目标。
5．In conclusion, in order to make our friendship last long, we have to find the proper distance between us and our friends.
总之，为了使我们的友谊持久，我们必须在我们和朋友之间找到适当的距离。
(三)背续写素材
读后续写微技能之“哲理式结尾”
1．Love is what supports life forever.
爱永远是维持生命的东西。
2．The thankful words I heard from the boy and the girl after they recovered from the hospital made one thing strike my 19-year-old mind — rose given, fragrance in hand.
那个男孩和那个女孩从医院康复后，我听到他们对我说的感谢的话，让19岁的我猛然悟出——授人玫瑰，手留余香。
3．From this project, we also learned the significance of teammates. Just as the saying goes, one person can go far, but a group of persons can travel farther.
从这个项目中，我们也学到了队友的重要性。正如俗话所说，一个人可以走得很远，但一群人可以走得更远。
4．Life is full of dilemmas and conflicts, but we should smile and never give up, just like Kelly.
生活充满了困境和冲突，但我们应该像凯利一样微笑，永不放弃。
5．Everyone is like a flower, some having fragrance, but some not. As long as you bloom, there will be bees and butterflies.
每个人都像一朵花，有的散发着芬芳，有的没有香气扑鼻。但你若盛开，蜂蝶自来。
[应用体验]
最近你校就《狼来了》这则寓言故事及其寓意展开讨论，大家踊跃发表各自的看法。请你根据下面所给的要点，给《中学生英语报》的 “Your Words” 栏目写一篇英文稿件。内容包括：
1．该故事的寓意；
2．怎样做一个诚信的学生(举例说明)；
3．你的看法(诚信的重要性)。
注意：1.写作词数应为80 左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Almost all of us heard the story “Here Comes the Wolf” when we were little kids.
参考范文：
Almost all of us heard the story “Here Comes the Wolf” when we were little kids.
The story tells us that we must be honest and telling a lie is terrible. As students, honesty is important.By giving honest answers in the exam, we can make great progress in our study. Besides, we should finish our homework independently. If we promise to do something, we should keep our word and try our best to do it well.
Personally, honesty is a good virtue.People who are honest can always gain others' respect.Only in an honest way are we able to make more friends and gain their cooperation to achieve our goals.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．My mother is (织) a winter sweater for me.
2．There are many ways the spider uses its (蜘蛛网) to catch insects.
3．However, some people are too trusting and are easily (欺骗)．
4．You're obviously wrong.Don't try to (为……辩护) your mistakes!
weaving
web
deceived
justify
5． (此外), it can make us more interested in the English language.
6．He jumped over the (篱笆), ran across the field, and disappeared into the woods.
7．Surprisingly, he was so (坦率的) that he told me all of his secrets.
8．Although the storm broke many things (分离)，it brought families and neighbors closer together.
Moreover
fence
frank
apart
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Of the two suggestions, I prefer the (late)．
2． (write) in simple English, the book is easy to read.
3．Susan wanted to be (dependent) of her parents.
4．She wouldn't hesitate to tell lie if she thought it would be useful.
5．Julie's success (justify) the faith her teachers had put in her.
latter
Written
independent
a
justified
6．Say example that your mother asks you what you think of her new haircut.
7．He feels (comfort) with those who speak the native dialects.
8．Despite winning the title, their last campaign ended in great________________ (disappoint)．
9．Over the years, I've come to the (conclude) that she's a very great musician.
10．However, they appreciated her (frank) and thanked her for her honesty.
for
comfortable
disappointment
conclusion
frankness
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Life not only sunshine but also hard times.
2．Most animals themselves the sun with fur.
3．We should many ways to make our world clean.
4． ,eating too much junk food is bad for our health.
think of， instead of， consist of， because of， apart from， protect ...from ...， in advance，in fact， find out， even if
consists of
protect
from
think of
In fact
5．We should encourage them throwing cold water on them.
6．Please ring him up and about the plans for the summer vacation.
7．We should spend some time doing exercise every day we are very busy.
8． making gifts by themselves, students wrote letters to their parents.
9．From your e-mail I get to know you don't feel very well the coming exam.
10．To make it easier, I suggest you study and get some knowledge of the Tang Dynasty .
instead of
find out
even if
Apart from
because of
in advance
Ⅳ.完成句子
1． the teacher about this
和老师谈谈这个问题不是更好吗？
2．My teacher always gave me confidence .
每当我灰心丧气的时候我的老师总是给予我信心。
3． of the 20th century .
20世纪最伟大的发明之一是手机。
4．No matter what you do, you must do it well .
不管你做什么，你必须做好，即使你可能失败很多次。
5． ,the two girls were very frightened and kept crying.
由于在森林里迷了路，两个女孩很害怕，一直哭个不停。
Wouldn't it be better to talk with
every time I lost heart
One of the best inventions
is the mobile phone
even if you may fail many times
Lost in the woods
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
As we all know, honesty is an important value and 1. (lie) is wrong.Anybody can probably tell 2. lie.Sometimes, we tell white lies not only 3. __________(comfort) ourselves but also protect others 4. the truth.For example, when someone cooks a meal for us we don't like, we lie and say the food is “delicious”， or when a friend asks us what we think of 5. (he) new haircut, we say “It's great！”， even if we think it's awful.There 6. (be) three reasons for telling a white lie.One is to try to make others feel 7. (good)．Another is to give 8. (encourage)．The third one is to protect others from bad news.9. ,white lies have results we cannot know in advance.In conclusion, we must think twice 10. we tell white lies.
lying
a
to comfort
from
his
are
better
encouragement
However
before
Ⅵ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你最近又读了古代寓言故事《守株待兔》，从中学到了很多生活哲理，你打算把这则寓言故事分享给你的外国朋友John，希望他能对中国文化有更多的了解，同时能从中学到一些人生的道理。要点包括：
1．对故事的简要介绍；
2．你从中悟出的人生哲理；
3．你的希望。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：树桩stump；锄头hoe；讽刺satirize
Dear John，
How's it going？I'd like to tell you something about a moral fable I recently read.
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear John，
How's it going？I'd like to tell you something about a moral fable I recently read. The fable is “Waiting for gains without pains”．
A young farmer wanted to eat good food every day, but he didn't like working. One day, while ploughing in his field, he saw a hare bump into a stump accidentally and died. He had the chance to eat delicious meat of the hare. From that day on, he put down his hoe, waiting by the stump for a second hare to turn up, but no luck.
The story satirizes those who just wait for luck, rather than making efforts to obtain what they need. I hope we shouldn't be that kind of people. It is working hard that is the most valuable.
Yours，
Li Hua
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)
Developing ideas—读写·体现学以致用
课时目标
1. 理解课文“Little White Lies”的特殊结构和行文思路，理解和掌握论说文的基本结构，以及与主题相关的词汇与表达等。
2. 联系自身的学习与生活，深入思考善意的谎言的利和弊，培养正确的生活态度和价值观。
3. 联系生活实际，学会分析问题、解决问题的方法和文章的组织方式，完成论说文写作。
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．tangled adj. 纠结的；复杂的
2．web n. 蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
3．weave v. 编，织
4．deceive v. 欺骗
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1． v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护
2． n. 眼泪，泪水
3． adv. 此外，而且
4． adv. 分离，分开
5． n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆
justify
tear
moreover
apart
fence
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1． adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→frankly adv.坦率地，坦诚地→frankness n．坦率，坦诚
2． n．后者→late adj.迟的，晚的，后来的
3． adj.独立的→independence n．独立
frank
latter
independent
四、背短语、词块——多积更行
1． 说谎
2． 认为
3． 即使
4． 实际上
5． 保护……免受……
6． 比如说
tell a lie
think of
even if
in fact
protect ...from ...
say for example
7． 返回，追溯到
8． 提前
9． 弄清楚
10． 而不是
11． 由……组成
12． 因为，由于
go back to
in advance
find out
instead of
consist of
because of
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.(one of ...is ...“……之一是……”)
说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。
写佳句
我最喜欢的爱好之一是阅读。
One of my favorite hobbies is reading.
2.
悟原句 Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing.(say for example that ...“比如说……”)
比如说，你的朋友问你觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。
写佳句 you go to the bus station on foot.
比如说，你步行去汽车站。
Say for example that
3.
悟原句 Wouldn't it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice？(wouldn't it be better ...？“……不是更好吗？”)
尊重他们对你的关心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？
写佳句 wait until after the rush hour？
等交通高峰期过去不是更好吗？
Wouldn't it be better to
第一遍 泛读通文意
Little White Lies
1 Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry：
Oh, what a tangled web we weave,
When first we practise to deceive!
2 We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong, but who can honestly say that they've never told a lie Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
3 We've all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we don't like.The majority of us of course don't tell the truth — we lie and say that the food is “delicious”．
4 Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut, we say “It's great！”， even if we think it's awful. But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these
5 One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.However, when we lie and say that someone's haircut looks good, or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate, are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger of others.
[参考译文]
善意的小小谎言
200多年前，沃尔特·司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一：
啊，谎言一旦开始，
我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！
[句式释解]
句 过去分词短语 “Written more than ...ago”在句中作状语，表示让步。
我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？或许我们可以安慰自己，我们说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”，即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而撒的小谎。
[句式释解]
句 两个that引导的都是宾语从句，作know的宾语。
句 这是一个特殊疑问句，其中又包含一个that引导的宾语从句。
句 此句中第一个that引导的是同位语从句，它是对knowledge的解释说明；该句中“we tell”是定语从句，其前省略了关系词which或that。第二个that引导的是定语从句，先行词是lies。
我们一定都有过这样的经历：别人为我们准备的菜肴不合我们的口味。大多数人会理所当然地把真实想法隐藏起来——我们会撒谎说这道菜“很好吃”。
[句式释解]
句 此处that引导的是定语从句，先行词是a meal。
或者有朋友问我们他的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得剪得非常糟糕，也会说“棒极了！”但是这些善意的谎言到底有多正当呢？
[句式释解]
句 此处if引导的是条件状语从句，句中包含what引导的名词性从句，它作asks的宾语补足语；think of“认为”。
句 even if引导的是让步状语从句。
说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？也许事实上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。
[句式释解]
句 to try to make ...better是动词不定式短语作表语。
句 when引导的是时间状语从句，其中第一个that引导的是宾语从句，第二个that引导的是定语从句，先行词是a meal。
说善意的谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比如说，你的朋友问你觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。尽管你私下里认为他唱得还不如猫叫好听，但还是说他的歌声很美妙。停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己需要换一个爱好了。
第二遍 精读提素养
步骤一|先明文章主旨大意，知写了什么
What's the main idea of the passage
A．The famous lines of Walter Scott.
B．The reasons for telling white lies.
C．The benefits of telling white lies.
D．The results of telling white lies.
答案：B
步骤二|再逐段精读文章，看怎样写的
阅读文章第1～4段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)The word “knowledge” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “ ”．
(2)Why does the author mention the poem by Walter Scott
A．To tell us Walter Scott was a famous poet.
B．To introduce the topic of the text.
C．To show us the good way to weave.
D．To tell us the influence of Walter Scott.
awareness
(3)What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A．Being honest means you are valuable.
B．Honest men say they never tell lies.
C．We tell lies to protect ourselves.
D．White lies have a kind original intention.
(4)How does the author organize Paragraphs 3 and 4
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparison.
C．By telling stories.
D．By analysing the data.
答案：(2)～(4) BDA
2．表达的技巧
隐喻修辞法(metaphor)
隐喻是一种比喻，用一种事物暗喻另一种事物，但不在句子中用like, as等表示“像”的词语。其主要特点是比喻的本体通过喻体的形式来表达。 本文第一段引用的诗句“Oh, what a tangled web we weave, When first we practise to deceive！”中，使用了“web”这一隐喻修辞，web只是喻体，它本意是指蜘蛛网，此处喻指当人们开始说谎时，生活就会变得像蜘蛛网一样错综复杂。这种修辞的运用往往使得复杂难懂的道理浅显易懂。
试翻译下列句子：
①He has a heart of stone.
②He is a walking dictionary.
③A silver plate is rising up in the sky.
他心如磐石。
他是一部活词典。
一轮皓月在天空升起。
阅读文章第5～8段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)How many reasons does the author give for telling white lies
(2)What's your purpose by praising your friend's singing？
Three.
To give encouragement.
(3)What method does the author use to develop his argument
(4)What's the author's real attitude towards telling white lies
(5)What's the purpose of the passage
Giving examples and analyses.
The author is against telling white lies.
To tell us to be honest and not to tell white lies.
2．表达的技巧
排比修辞法(parallelism)
排比修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似，意思相关，语气一致的短语、句子排列成串，形成一个整体。本文最后一段使用了三个问句，它们在结构上形成排比句。这三个句子呼应了本段段首的结论“even white lies have results we cannot know in advance”，达到了强调论点的效果。写作中合理运用排比修辞，可以增强气势，突出所要表达的意义。
尝试使用排比修辞完成下列句子：
①帮助别人，使你身心快乐；帮助别人，使人们得到阳光的温暖；帮助别人，使社会更加温馨。
Helping others, makes your body and mind happy; helping others, makes people get the warmth of sunshine; .
②坚持是石，擦亮星星之火；坚持是火，点亮前行之灯；坚持是灯，照亮人生之路。
Persistence is the stone, polishing the spark; Persistence is the fire, lighting the lamp of progress; .
helping others, makes society much warmer
Persistence is the lamp, lighting the road of life
步骤三|读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑
本文是一篇论说文，结构上属于递进式结构。文章的论点：诚实很重要，说谎是错误的；论据：善意的谎言的三个原因及分析；结论：善意的谎言也有未知的结果。
阅读技巧：阅读论说文时，要快速浏览文章，理解段落主旨，明晰文章结构，找到论点、论据和论证三要素，在此基础上进一步梳理文章的论点和论证过程，透彻理解作者的真实意图和观点，学会分析问题和解决问题的论证方法及文章的组织方式。
步骤四|最后知选文意图，思有何价值
隐含的“诚实”
人在交往过程中总会出现意想不到的不顺或困境，此时，有人就用善意的谎言应对不顺或困境，这种做法虽然违背“诚实”，但是它也是一种处事方式，是一种替人着想的品质体现，是一种隐含的“诚实”。善意的谎言是手段而不是目的，它不仅无碍于诚实，而且还会极大地增进人与人之间的友谊和感情，促进社会的和谐发展。从哲学的角度来看，善意的谎言与诚实是对立统一的关系。在特定的情况下，它的核心价值观是有益的、可取的。
请体会并记住下面的句子：
①Honesty is the best policy.
诚实是上策。
②To be honest with others, people don't deceive me; to be honest in everything is to be successful.
对人以诚信，人不欺我；对事以诚信，事无不成。
③If a man is not honest, he will not be established, and if he is not trustworthy, he will not be prosperous.
人不诚不立，业无信不兴。
第一板块 单词和短语——点点清
1．Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry ...
200多年前，沃尔特 司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一……
★remain v．保持，依然，留下，剩下 n．遗迹，剩余物，残骸
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)The happy memories of my classmates will always remain with me.
对同学们的美好回忆会永远留在我心中。
②A lot of work remains to be done.
还有许多工作要做。
③The old lady left the remaining money to the waitress.
老太太把剩余的钱留给了女服务员。
[归纳点拨]
(1)remain to be done 有待/尚需/尚未做……
It remains to be seen ... ……有待证实
remain doing 依然做……
(2)remains n. 遗迹，剩余物
(3)remaining adj. 剩余的
[应用融会] (单句语法填空)
④Some desks remained (clean)．
⑤They never remained (satisfy) with their successes.
⑥After I repeatedly asked Tom to sit down, he remained (stand)．
⑦It remains (see) whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.
⑧They found some (remain) of the Tang Dynasty.
to be cleaned
satisfied
standing
to be seen
remains
2．Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
或许我们可以安慰自己，我们说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”，即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而撒的小谎。
★comfort v．& n．安慰
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作) A father is a treasure, a brother a comfort, but a friend is both.
父亲是财富，兄弟是安慰，朋友兼而有之。
②I comforted him with an old saying “Good medicine to the health tastes bitter to the mouth.”
我用一句老话安慰他：“良药苦口利于病。”
③They had enough money to live in comfort in their old age.
他们有足够的钱舒舒服服地安度晚年。
归纳点拨 (1)comfort sb.with sth. 以某物安慰某人
comfort sb.for sth. 因某事而安慰某人
(2)in comfort 舒适地
be a comfort to sb. 对某人来说是个安慰
(3)comfortable adj. 舒服的
名师点津 “抽象名词的具体化”，在一定场合下，某些抽象名词可以具体化为个体名词，这时它们具有可数名词的功能，这种情况我们称之为抽象名词具体化。如comfort, success，progress，pity，surprise等。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④His friends came to comfort him his loss.
⑤She comforted herself the thought that it would soon be spring.
⑥(2022·全国甲卷)The more time you spend in any given country，the more
(comfort) you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
(2)同义替换
⑦I like to travel comfortably, so I always go first class on the ship. __________
for
with
comfortable
in comfort
3．Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.
停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。
★frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
[用法感知]
①He offered a frank apology to her for having lost her new bike.
他为弄丢了她的新自行车向她诚恳地道歉。
②To be frank with you, I don't like the way you treated your sister.
老实说，我不喜欢你那样对待你妹妹。
③Frankly speaking, it's not easy to be a scientist.
坦白地说，成为科学家不是一件容易的事情！
[归纳点拨]
(1)to be frank (with sb.) 老实说，坦率地讲
(2)frankly adv. 坦率地，坦诚地
frankly speaking 坦诚地说
(3)frankness n. 坦率，坦诚
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④ (frank) speaking, I think you're wrong.
⑤To be frank you, I'm not very familiar with your country.
⑥I think it is their (frank) that leaves a deep impression on their employers.
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑦To be frank, I'd rather you were not involved in the case. ______
Frankly
with
frankness
honest
4．As soon as they started to get closer, they hurt each other with their quills, so they had to move apart.
当它们开始靠近时，它们就用刺相互伤害，所以它们不得不分开。
★apart adv.分离，分开
[用法感知]
①She keeps herself apart from other people.
她与其他人保持距离。
②Apart from that, there is going to be an English debate or discussion on Saturday evening.
除此之外，周六晚上将有一场英语辩论或讨论。
归纳点拨 (1)keep oneself apart from 与……保持距离 (2)apart from 除……外
易混辨析 except “除去，不包括”，强调所排除的“不包括在内”。其后接的词同主语一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。
except for “除……以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。except for后接的词同句子中的整体词(主语)不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方面。
apart from “除……之外”，它既可用作 besides, 也可用作 except 和 except for。
besides besides“除了什么之外，还有……”表示一种累加的除外关系。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③We should keep ourselves apart the people who smoke.
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
④Besides being too large, the hat doesn't suit me. ____________
(3)选词填空(except, besides, except for, apart from)
⑤ them, I had no one to talk to.
⑥ other considerations, time is also a factor.
⑦Good work a few slight faults.
from
Apart from
Apart from/Except
Apart from/Besides
apart from/except for
第二板块 句式和语法——句句通
1．Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry ...
200多年前，沃尔特 司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一……
[激活已学语法]
句中“Written more than two hundred years ago，”是过去分词短语作状语，表示让步。另外，过去分词短语作状语还可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。
[强化小练] (完成句子)
① mountains on three sides, the village is very beautiful.
这个村子三面环山，特别美丽。
② ,she decided to give the special bunch of roses to the little girl.
深受感动，她决定把这束特别的玫瑰送给这个小女孩。
③ environmental issues and a severe waste of resources, China is trying to ban the use of free plastic bags.
由于担心环境问题和严重的资源浪费，中国正在尝试禁止使用免费塑料袋。
Surrounded by
Deeply touched
Worried about
2．One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.
说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。
[归纳点拨]
“one of ...is ...”结构中of后的名词必须是可数名词的复数，如果“one of ...”短语作主语，则谓语动词用单数形式。注意在“one of＋名词＋定语从句”句式中，如果one of 前面有the only，the very修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词只能用单数，反之，则用复数。
[应用融会] (完成句子)
①(2021·全国甲卷) :Who will you go to in times of trouble
其中一个问题是，遇到麻烦时你会去找谁？
② you don't need expensive equipment.
关于跑步运动最好的事情之一就是你不需要昂贵的设备。
③(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)There are many respectable people around me. .
我周围有许多值得尊敬的人。 其中一个就是我的英语老师。
One of the questions is
One of the best things about the sport of running is that
One of them is my English teacher
写作项目——Writing an essay
本单元要求写一则寓言评论，属于论说文的范畴。写寓言评论时，应首先简介寓言故事，然后分析故事的寓意和与寓意相关的个人生活事例，最后写出自己的观点或评价。本写作旨在训练学生深入分析问题的能力，进而提高学生的思辨和表达能力。
一、学会谋篇布局
二、点拨写作要点
1．简述寓言，吸引读者；
2．点明寓意，提出论点；
3．论证充分，富有逻辑；
4．回扣论点，精要总结。
三、运用写作技法
1．巧用关键句表达，构建衔接框架
写好论说文要做到结构清晰，表述逻辑衔接，确保行文流畅。因此，可以运用关键句作为衔接语言，来构建论说文自然流畅的内部结构。例如：This fable describes ... / The fable teaches us that ... / We all ... but ... / One example of this form real life is ... / In conclusion, ... 结合所给寓言信息，运用这些有用表达，我们可以写出如下起到衔接作用的关键句：
①The fable describes a group of porcupines gathering together to keep warm.
②The fable teaches us that there should be boundaries in interpersonal relationships.
③We all value friendship, but have you considered that we need boundaries with our friends
④One example from real life is like this.
⑤In conclusion, in order to make our friendship last long, we have to find the proper distance between us and our friends，close enough to understand each other, far enough to respect each other.
以上关键句写好后，论说文的基本框架就搭建完成，接下来的任务就是丰富文章内容。
2．结合六要素，简述寓言，列举典例
寓言是用比喻性的故事来寄托意味深长的道理，给人以生活启示的文学体裁。因此，寓言评论的论说文适合列举现实生活中确凿、充分且有代表性的事例来证明寓意及论点，给人以生活指导，故寓言评论常选用例证法进行论证。无论是简述寓言还是生活实例表述都属于记叙类写作技能，这就要求我们结合记叙文六要素进行叙述，以确保叙述的完整性。
Who ①
When ②
Where ③
What They wanted to ④__________________________________________
.
Why Their long and hard ⑤ .
How They eventually found ⑥ ____________________________________
.
(1)结合六要素简述寓言(Summary of the fable)
a group of porcupines
on cold winter night
the place they live
keep warm by moving closer to each other, but
quills caused pain
the ideal distance where they could feel
warm without hurting each other
they hurt each other
(2)结合六要素，用典例论证(Supporting examples in your real life)
Who My friend, Ma Jing
When at senior high
Where on campus
What We had a quarrel and I felt hurt.
Why I always followed her，wanted to know her opinion on everything and tried to persuade her when she had a different idea.
How I stopped⑦ .
following her so much and I found our friendship repaired
四、逻辑衔接成文
The Porcupine Dilemma is written by German philosopher Schopenhauer. The fable describes a group of porcupines gathering together to keep warm. ① __________________,their quills hurt each other, while if they move apart, they feel cold. After trying several times, they find the ideal distance. The fable teaches us that there should be boundaries in interpersonal relationships.
Though it is an old fable, ② . We all value friendship，but have you considered that we need boundaries with our friends
If they get too close
it casts a light on us even today
One example from real life is like this. Once I thought ③ . Ma Jing is the first friend I made at senior high. At first, I thought since we were friends, she had to ④ . So I always followed her, wanted to know her opinion on everything and tried to persuade her when she had a different idea. Soon, we started quarrelling. ⑤ after a quarrel.How could I become annoying I felt hurt and discussed it with another friend.
friends should get close to each other, the closer the better
share the same ideas as mine
“You're so annoying！” she shouted angrily
Then I realised ⑥___________________________________________________
. Since then, I stopped following her so much and I found our friendship repaired. Now I have realised ⑦___________________
.
In conclusion, in order to make our friendship last long, we have to find the proper distance between us and our friends, close enough to understand each other, far enough to respect each other.
it was my problem. I had been getting too close to her and
leaving her no room for herself
that friends need to
have boundaries and respect each other, no matter how close we are
积素材充盈写作“语料库”
(一)背写作词汇
1．fable n． 寓言
2．teach v. 教，教导
3．relationship n. 关系
4．friendship n. 友谊
5．advice n. 忠告，建议
6．suggestion n. 建议
7．communication n. 交流
8．communicate v. 交流
9．promise n．&v. 承诺
10．respect v．&n. 尊敬
11．honest adj. 诚实的
12．cheat v. 哄骗，骗取
13．refuse v. 拒绝
14．accept v. 接受
15．trust v. 信任，信赖
16．share v. 分享
17．polite adj. 有礼貌的
18．precious adj. 珍贵的
19．understanding adj. 善解人意的
20．friendly adj. 友好的
21．be loyal to 对……忠诚
22．keep pany 陪伴某人
23．share ...with sb. 与某人分享……
24．keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系
25．get along well with sb. 与某人相处得好
(二)背写作佳句
[常用开头句]
1．The fable tells us that there should be boundaries in interpersonal relationships.
这个寓言告诉我们人际关系应该有界限。
2．A little Horse Crosses the River is one of the most popular fables I have ever read, which impressed me a lot then.
《小马过河》是我读过的最受欢迎的寓言之一，当时给我留下了深刻的印象。
3．Almost all of us heard the story “Here Comes the Wolf” when we were little kids.
当我们还是小孩子的时候，几乎所有人都听说过《狼来了》这个故事。
4．What we can learn from the story is that we must be honest and telling a lie is terrible.
我们可以从这个故事中学到的是，我们必须诚实，说谎是可怕的。
[常用中间句]
1．One example from my real life is like this.
我的现实生活中有像这样的一个例子。
2．Once I thought friends should get close to each other, the closer the better.
我曾经认为朋友之间应该彼此亲近，越亲近越好。
3．Since then, I stopped following her so much and I found our friendship repaired.
从那以后，我不再那么频繁地跟踪她，我发现我们的友谊得到了修复。
4．If we promise to do something, we should keep our word and try our best to do it well.
如果我们承诺做某事，我们应该遵守诺言，尽最大的努力把它做好。
[常用结束句]
1．As far as I'm concerned, honesty is a good virtue.
在我看来，诚实是一种美德。
2．People who are honest can always gain others' respect.
诚实的人总能赢得别人的尊重。
3．You cannot please everyone.
你不可能取悦所有人。
4．Only in an honest way are we able to make more friends and gain their cooperation to achieve our goals.
只有通过诚实的方式，我们才能交到更多的朋友，获得他们的合作来实现我们的目标。
5．In conclusion, in order to make our friendship last long, we have to find the proper distance between us and our friends.
总之，为了使我们的友谊持久，我们必须在我们和朋友之间找到适当的距离。
(三)背续写素材
读后续写微技能之“哲理式结尾”
1．Love is what supports life forever.
爱永远是维持生命的东西。
2．The thankful words I heard from the boy and the girl after they recovered from the hospital made one thing strike my 19-year-old mind — rose given, fragrance in hand.
那个男孩和那个女孩从医院康复后，我听到他们对我说的感谢的话，让19岁的我猛然悟出——授人玫瑰，手留余香。
3．From this project, we also learned the significance of teammates. Just as the saying goes, one person can go far, but a group of persons can travel farther.
从这个项目中，我们也学到了队友的重要性。正如俗话所说，一个人可以走得很远，但一群人可以走得更远。
4．Life is full of dilemmas and conflicts, but we should smile and never give up, just like Kelly.
生活充满了困境和冲突，但我们应该像凯利一样微笑，永不放弃。
5．Everyone is like a flower, some having fragrance, but some not. As long as you bloom, there will be bees and butterflies.
每个人都像一朵花，有的散发着芬芳，有的没有香气扑鼻。但你若盛开，蜂蝶自来。
[应用体验]
最近你校就《狼来了》这则寓言故事及其寓意展开讨论，大家踊跃发表各自的看法。请你根据下面所给的要点，给《中学生英语报》的 “Your Words” 栏目写一篇英文稿件。内容包括：
1．该故事的寓意；
2．怎样做一个诚信的学生(举例说明)；
3．你的看法(诚信的重要性)。
注意：1.写作词数应为80 左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Almost all of us heard the story “Here Comes the Wolf” when we were little kids.
参考范文：
Almost all of us heard the story “Here Comes the Wolf” when we were little kids.
The story tells us that we must be honest and telling a lie is terrible. As students, honesty is important.By giving honest answers in the exam, we can make great progress in our study. Besides, we should finish our homework independently. If we promise to do something, we should keep our word and try our best to do it well.
Personally, honesty is a good virtue.People who are honest can always gain others' respect.Only in an honest way are we able to make more friends and gain their cooperation to achieve our goals.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．My mother is (织) a winter sweater for me.
2．There are many ways the spider uses its (蜘蛛网) to catch insects.
3．However, some people are too trusting and are easily (欺骗)．
4．You're obviously wrong.Don't try to (为……辩护) your mistakes!
weaving
web
deceived
justify
5． (此外), it can make us more interested in the English language.
6．He jumped over the (篱笆), ran across the field, and disappeared into the woods.
7．Surprisingly, he was so (坦率的) that he told me all of his secrets.
8．Although the storm broke many things (分离)，it brought families and neighbors closer together.
Moreover
fence
frank
apart
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Of the two suggestions, I prefer the (late)．
2． (write) in simple English, the book is easy to read.
3．Susan wanted to be (dependent) of her parents.
4．She wouldn't hesitate to tell lie if she thought it would be useful.
5．Julie's success (justify) the faith her teachers had put in her.
latter
Written
independent
a
justified
6．Say example that your mother asks you what you think of her new haircut.
7．He feels (comfort) with those who speak the native dialects.
8．Despite winning the title, their last campaign ended in great________________ (disappoint)．
9．Over the years, I've come to the (conclude) that she's a very great musician.
10．However, they appreciated her (frank) and thanked her for her honesty.
for
comfortable
disappointment
conclusion
frankness
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Life not only sunshine but also hard times.
2．Most animals themselves the sun with fur.
3．We should many ways to make our world clean.
4． ,eating too much junk food is bad for our health.
think of， instead of， consist of， because of， apart from， protect ...from ...， in advance，in fact， find out， even if
consists of
protect
from
think of
In fact
5．We should encourage them throwing cold water on them.
6．Please ring him up and about the plans for the summer vacation.
7．We should spend some time doing exercise every day we are very busy.
8． making gifts by themselves, students wrote letters to their parents.
9．From your e-mail I get to know you don't feel very well the coming exam.
10．To make it easier, I suggest you study and get some knowledge of the Tang Dynasty .
instead of
find out
even if
Apart from
because of
in advance
Ⅳ.完成句子
1． the teacher about this
和老师谈谈这个问题不是更好吗？
2．My teacher always gave me confidence .
每当我灰心丧气的时候我的老师总是给予我信心。
3． of the 20th century .
20世纪最伟大的发明之一是手机。
4．No matter what you do, you must do it well .
不管你做什么，你必须做好，即使你可能失败很多次。
5． ,the two girls were very frightened and kept crying.
由于在森林里迷了路，两个女孩很害怕，一直哭个不停。
Wouldn't it be better to talk with
every time I lost heart
One of the best inventions
is the mobile phone
even if you may fail many times
Lost in the woods
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
As we all know, honesty is an important value and 1. (lie) is wrong.Anybody can probably tell 2. lie.Sometimes, we tell white lies not only 3. __________(comfort) ourselves but also protect others 4. the truth.For example, when someone cooks a meal for us we don't like, we lie and say the food is “delicious”， or when a friend asks us what we think of 5. (he) new haircut, we say “It's great！”， even if we think it's awful.There 6. (be) three reasons for telling a white lie.One is to try to make others feel 7. (good)．Another is to give 8. (encourage)．The third one is to protect others from bad news.9. ,white lies have results we cannot know in advance.In conclusion, we must think twice 10. we tell white lies.
lying
a
to comfort
from
his
are
better
encouragement
However
before
Ⅵ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你最近又读了古代寓言故事《守株待兔》，从中学到了很多生活哲理，你打算把这则寓言故事分享给你的外国朋友John，希望他能对中国文化有更多的了解，同时能从中学到一些人生的道理。要点包括：
1．对故事的简要介绍；
2．你从中悟出的人生哲理；
3．你的希望。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：树桩stump；锄头hoe；讽刺satirize
Dear John，
How's it going？I'd like to tell you something about a moral fable I recently read.
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear John，
How's it going？I'd like to tell you something about a moral fable I recently read. The fable is “Waiting for gains without pains”．
A young farmer wanted to eat good food every day, but he didn't like working. One day, while ploughing in his field, he saw a hare bump into a stump accidentally and died. He had the chance to eat delicious meat of the hare. From that day on, he put down his hoe, waiting by the stump for a second hare to turn up, but no luck.
The story satirizes those who just wait for luck, rather than making efforts to obtain what they need. I hope we shouldn't be that kind of people. It is working hard that is the most valuable.
Yours，
Li Hua
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（三）”
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