Unit 2 How often do you exercise？Section A 知识点学案

Unit 2 How often do you exercise
短语归纳
1.help with housework =help (to)do housework帮忙做家务
2.go to the movies去看电影 3.use the Internet使用互联网
4.go shopping/camping去购物/野营 5.play tennis打网球
6.go to bed early早点儿上床睡觉 7.stay up(late）熬夜
8.play sports = do sports参加体育活动 9.go to the dentist 去看牙医
10.go online上网 11.have a/an...lesson(=have...lessons）上……课
12.how often 多久一次 13.hardly ever几乎从不
14.once a week一周一次 15.twice a month一月两次
16.three or four times a week 一周三四次 17.every day每天
18.on/at weekends = on/at the weekend 在周末
19.ask sb.about sth.问某人关于某事的情况
20.be good for对……有好处（反：be bad for对……有害）
21.spend time with sb.和某人共度时光
22.be free(= have time）有空（反：be busy/full忙碌）
23.swing dance摇摆舞
24.the answer(s)to...question(s) ……问题的答案/回答
25.(watch)game shows（观看）游戏类节目 26.teeth cleaning牙齿清洁
27.at least至少；不少于；起码 28.such as例如；像……这样
29.in one's free time在某人的空闲时间 30.not.at all一点儿也不……
31.a few几个，一些（反：few不多；很少）32.more than 多于（反：less than少于）
33.基数词+percent+of...百分之……的……… 34.junk food垃圾食品
35. free time activities 课余活动 36.old habits die hard 旧习难改
Section A
1.What do you usually do on weekends？你在周末通常做什么？
on weekends 在周末 泛指周末。
on the weekend在周末，在这个周末（可特指某个周末）
Most of the students seem to have some enjoyable activities on weekends.（泛指周末）
I wonder if he will do something special on the weekend.（特指本周末）
注意：①表示“在周末”时，英式英语中用at, at weekends/at the weekend；美式英语中用on, on weekends/on the weekend。
②表示“在工作日”用 on weekdays。
2.help with housework帮忙做家务
1) help with sth. 帮助做某事
Do they help with our reading and understanding
拓展 ①help sb. with sth.= help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
I often help him with his English. =I often help him (to) learn English.
②help oneself(to sth.）随便吃/喝（某物）
Help yourself to some fruit.
③can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
She can't help crying.
④with the help of sb.= with one's help在某人的帮助下
With the help of my friends, I finished the work on time.
2) housework〔不可数名词〕家务劳动；家务事
do housework做家务
I help do some housework.
助记
house（名词房子）+work（名词工作）→housework （名词家务劳动）
3.sometimes 有时
辨析：sometimes, some times, sometime与 some time
sometimes 频度副词 有时 表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，它可位于句首、句中或句末，对它提问用how often
some times 名词短语 几次；几倍 其中time是可数名词，意为“次，倍”，对some times提问用how many times
sometime 副词 某个时候 表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它提问用when
some time 名词短语 一段时间 句中谓语动词常为延续性动词。对它提问用how long
Sometimes I get up very late.
I have read the story some times.
I decide to try paragliding with my sister sometime next week.
They will live in Beijing for some time.
助记
some time, sometime, sometimes 与 some times
分开"一段时间" (some time), 相聚"某个时候" (sometime)。
“有时”相聚加-s(sometimes), "几次"分开带-s(some times)。
4.hardly ever 几乎从不
1)hardly ever 几乎从不 表示频率。
She hardly ever keeps a diary.
2) hardly〔副词〕几乎不；几乎没有 本身具有否定意义，不能再与其他否定词连用。通常置于连系动词be、情态动词can等之后，实义动词之前。
There's hardly any food left.
People can hardly tell the difference between the twins.
练习
—Would you like some coffee
—No,thanks.I____________drink it. I think water is the best.
A.often B.hardly C.usually D.always
3）辨析：hardly与hard
hardly 副词 几乎不 He hardly works.
hard 副词 努力地，大量地 He works hard. rain hard雨下得大
形容词 硬的；困难的 a hard bed一张硬床 some hard questions一些难题
4)ever〔副词〕在任何时候；从来；曾经
用于否定句、疑问句、比较结构的句子或与if连用的句子。
Nothing ever happens here.
He is getting well and eats more than ever.
If you're ever in my city, come and see me.
5.—How often do you watch TV？你多久看一次电视？
—Twice a week.一周两次。
1）辨析：how often, how long, how far与how soon
how often 多久一次 用来提问动作发生的频率，常用表示频率的词或短语作答
how long 多长时间； （物体）多长 用来询问时间的长短或物体的长度
how far 多远 用来询问距离，指路程的远近
how soon 多久以后 用来询问将来的时间，指时间还有多久，多提问“in+时间段"
—How often do you exercise
—Three times a week.
How long did it take them to paint the building
How long is the ruler
How far is it from here to the park
—How soon will they come back
—In two weeks.
拓展 how many times 多少次
用于询问次数，可用once,twice,three times等进行回答。
—How many times have you been to Weifang
—Twice.
练习
—____________do you have a sports meeting —We have it once a year.
A.How long B.How soon C.How often
2) twice〔副词〕两次；两倍 twice a week 一周两次
This room is twice as big as that one.
拓展 think twice 再三考虑 Before doing it, please think twice.
练习
We should do eye exercises____________（两次）a day to take good care of our eyes.
6.once a week 一周一次
1) once〔副词〕
①一次 once a month一个月一次 once or twice a day 一天一两次
注意：英语中的“一次"为once；“两次"为twice；"三次及三次以上"用“基数词+times"，如three times"三次",many times"许多次",fifteen times“十五次”。
②曾经；从前
That man once lived in Guangzhou.
Once there was a tiger in the forest.
拓展 once的固定搭配：at once 立刻，马上 once again 再一次
助记 次数表达法
表示"次数"应注意，once,twice单独记；三次以上也容易，基数词后加times。
2）表示频率的常用表达
①次数+a+day/week/month/...
once a day 一天一次 twice a year一年两次 three times a month 一个月三次
②every+day/week/month/... every day 每天
7.use the Internet 使用互联网
1)use〔及物动词〕使用；运用
use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事
May I use your dictionary？
We use umbrellas to keep out rain.
2）辨析：use, with 与 in
use 动词 在句中常作谓语，指“使用（东西）” I use the pen to write.
with 介词 在句中作状语，表示方式，指“用 （工具、身体部位等）" I write with a pen.
in 介词 在句中作状语，表示方式，指“用 （语言、声音、材料等）" She can give a talk in English.
3)Internet〔名词〕（国际）互联网；因特网
on the Internet在互联网上 surf the Internet网上冲浪，上网
You can find all kinds of information on the Internet.
Most of the children like surfing the Internet.
注意：Internet的首字母一般大写。
8. Hi, Claire, are you free next week 嗨，克莱尔，你下周有空吗？
free〔形容词〕
①空闲的；有空的 反义词为busy（忙碌的）。
be free =have time 有空；闲着 in one's free time 在某人的空闲时间
He has a free afternoon every week.
I'll be free next week. = I'll have time next week.
What do you usually do in your free time
②免费的；自由的
be free to do sth.自由地做某事
The tickets are free.
You're free to come and go.
拓展 freedom〔名词〕自由 Everyone loves freedom.
9...next week is quite full for me...我下周相当忙……
full〔形容词〕
①忙的 同义词是busy，反义词是free（空闲的）。
Go to bed. You have a full day tomorrow.
②满的；充满的 反义词是empty（空的）。
(be)full of...充满……的；装满……的
Don't talk with your mouth full.
Life is full of imperfect things and imperfect people.
Yan'an is a good place full of "red stories".
③饱的 反义词是hungry （饥饿的）。
I'm so full that I can hardly move.
10.How come？为什么呢？
How come 为什么呢 /怎么会呢？
相当于“Why /Why is it /For what reason or purpose "，用于询问某事为什么会发生，或为什么会有某种情况存在，可单独使用，也可接陈述语序的句子。
How come you didn't wait for me for a while
注意 why也可表示“为什么”，但其后用疑问语序构成疑问句。
Why didn't they come to the park = How come they didn't come to the park
11. I have dance and piano lessons. 我要上舞蹈课和钢琴课。
have lessons上课 have可用take代替。
have/take a(n)...lesson=have/take...lessons上……课
We have/take an art lesson on Friday.
12. OH, swing dance. 噢，摇摆舞。
swing
①〔名词〕摆动 swing dance 摇摆舞
I dislike swing dance because it's not enjoyable enough.
②〔名词〕秋千 The girls are playing on the swings.
③〔动词〕(swung, swung) （使）摆动；摇摆 His arms swung as he walked.
13. Well, how about Tuesday 那么，周二怎么样？
How about... ……怎么样？
相当于“What about.... ", 用来向对方询问情况或征求意见。
注意 在"How about... /What about... "句式中，about后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
I like vegetables. How/What about you
How about trying gongbao chicken
14. OH, I have to play tennis with my friends. 噢，我得跟我的朋友们打网球。
1)have to 不得不，必须 后接动词原形，进行各种句式转换时应借助助动词。
We don't have to go to school on Sundays.
练习
—Mike, I can't stop playing computer games.
—For your eves.my dear friend, I'm afraid you____________
A.could B.may C.would D.have to
2）辨析：have to与 must
have to 不得不，必须 侧重客观需要 有人称、数和时态的变化
must 必须 侧重主观上自己认为有义务、有必要 没有人称和数的变化
Does your mother have to get up early
I must go now.
You don't have to tell him about it. = You needn't tell him about it.
You mustn't tell him about it.
3) play tennis 打网球
play与表示球类、棋类的名词连用时，球类、棋类名词前不加 the; play与表示乐器的名词连用时，乐器类名词前加the。
play basketball打篮球 play chess下国际象棋
play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin拉小提琴
19.I go to the movies maybe once a month.我大概一个月去看一次电影。
1)go to the movies 去看电影
I went to the movies last night.
2）辨析：maybe与may be
maybe 或许；大概；可能 副词，作状语，常位于句首
may be 可能是 “情态动词may+动词原形be"，在句中作谓语
Maybe you are right. = You may be right.
16. How often do they stay up late 他们多久熬一次夜？
stay up 熬夜 常与late, long 或all night 搭配，表示更加丰富的语意。
The football match was so great that I stayed up to watch it.
You mustn't stay up long.
练习
学生不应该熬夜，因为他们需要充足的睡眠。（完成译句）
Students should not____________ ____________because they need enough sleep.
17.He plays at least twice a week.他至少一周踢两次（球）。
1) at least 至少；不少于；起码 反义短语为 at most，意为“最多”
There are at least 1, 500 students in our school.
2)least (little的最高级）
①〔副词〕最小；最少
She chose the least expensive of the hotels.
②〔形容词或代词〕最小的；最少的
She has the least money.
How others see me is the least of my worry.