小升初语法提升-动词的运用 通用版 课件(共41张PPT)

(共41张PPT)
动 词 的 运 用
小升初语法提升之
课程引入
They work in the hospital.
课程引入
She is a beautiful girl.
课程引入
I can play the piano.
课程引入
读一读，找出下列句子中的动词。
They work in the hospital.
She is a beautiful girl.
I can play the piano.
课程引入
读一读，找出下列句子中的动词。
They work in the hospital.
She is a beautiful girl.
I can play the piano.
定义：动词是表示人或事物的动作、状态的词。
动词的分类
A
实义
动词
B
情态
动词
C
助
动词
D
系
动词
实义动词
实义动词也叫行为动词，有具体的动作，能独立作谓语。
及物动词
不及物动词
I asked him a question.
I enjoyed the film very much.
+宾语
The sun rises in the east.
They work in a factory.
+介词+宾语
实义动词
延续性动词
短暂性动词
live, stay, study, work, keep, teach ...
动作可持续
buy, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, go, come, catch...
瞬间动作
考题示例
1.根据句意及首字母提示写单词，完成句子。
In spring, we often p_______ trees.
解析：由句中的In spring和 trees可知这里表示“植树”，应填意为“种植”的动词，再由 we often 可知本句为一般现在时，主语为第一人称复数，所以填单词 plant
考题示例
2.单项选择。
( )I ________ a play with my family yesterday.
A.seed B.saw C.see D.study
解析：由句中的yesterday可知本句为一般过去时，可以排除选项C和D。再根据空格后面的a play 可知句意为“昨天我和家人一起看了一场演出”，故选B。
实义动词
延续性动词
短暂性动词
live, stay, study, work, keep, teach ...
动作可持续
buy, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, go, come, catch...
瞬间动作
小练习
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.I____________(read) a new book yesterday.
2.Sam____________(bring) some water quickly and poured it into the hole.
read
brought
小练习
二、单项选择。
( )1.(武汉）I hope my dream can______.
A.come true B.came true C.to come true
( )2.(南京）There is a lot of_______in Yangzhou in summer. It always______heavily.
A.rain;rains B.rainy;rains C.rain;rain
( )3.(福州）--Will you go for a holiday in October
—Yes. We______Big Ben.
A. visit B.visited C.will visit
A
A
C
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某事的态度。有一定词义，但不能单独做谓语，后加动词原形。不受主语人称和数影响 。
情态动词 用法 否定式
can(过去式could) 能；可能；可以，表示能力、许可、请求。 cannot=can't
may 可以；可能；祝愿，表示同意、许可或请求对方许可，祝愿。 may not
must 必须；一定；应该，表示必须、必要、推测。 must not=mustn't
need 需要，常用于疑问和否定句中，肯定句用must/have to/should代替 need not=needn't
情态动词
分类：
只作情态动词的：can(could); must; may(might)
既作情态动词又作实义动词的：need 既作情态动词又作助动词的：
既作情态动词又作助动词的：will(would); shall(should)
具有情态动词的某些特征的：have to; had better
情态动词
Must I clean the bedroom
Yes, you must.
No, you needn't ./No, you don't have to.
must 的否定回答； No,主语+needn't
No,主语+don't have to
情态动词
May/Can I smoke here
No, you mustn't.
对于绝对不能做的事情，回答语气更加强烈，要用mustn't。
情态动词
will(would); shall(should)
表示建议或意愿
Shall I get you some tea 我给你点茶好吗
will you close the window
I will do anything thing for you.
should: 应该
情态动词
have to 必须，不得不。表示客观上必须要的做的事情.
must 必须，表示主观上必须做的事情。
I must study hard.
I have to go to school.
had better 最好 后加动词原形
had better do sth
助动词
助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语。
必须和其他动词连用，帮助其他动词构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。
1.be (am/is/are was/were been being);
2.have (has/had)
3.do (does/did);
4.will(would) & shall(should)。
助动词
be动词
① be +现在分词，构成进行时态
He is reading a book.
② be + 过去分词，构成被动语态
The door was opened by him.
助动词
have(has/had)
①have/has +过去分词 构成现在完成时
②had +过去分词 构成过去完成时
助动词
do(does/did)
①构成否定句 I didn't go home yesterday.
②构成一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
Do you like coffee
Where does she come from？
③构成否定祈使句 Don't talk!
助动词
will/shall
用来构成将来时
will 主语为任何人称
shall主语为第一人称
考题示例
1.单项选择。
( )—Must I do my homework now
—No, you_______. You must have a rest.
A.mustn't B.needn't C.can't D.wouldn't
解析：在回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't，mustn't意为“千万不要；禁止”，而用needn't，needn't意为“不必”。
考题示例
2.用适当的助动词填空。
—What_______you do yesterday
—I wrote to my friend.
解析：本题中需用助动词do的适当形式帮助构成疑问句，由时间词yesterday可知动作发生在过去，所以要用do的过去式did。
小练习
一、用情态动词或助动词的适当形式填空。
1.(广州)She is blind. She _______ see.
2.(武汉）—What _______ you often do on Sunday
—I often play basketball.
3.（嘉兴）— _______ you clean your room yesterday
— Yes, I _______.
can't
do
Did
did
小练习
二、单项选择。
( )1.You_____ drink more water.
A.could B.would C.should
( )2.—_____ I water the trees on Tuesday —No, you needn't
A.Can B.Must C.May
( )3. —_____ you like a glass of milk —Yes, please.
A.May B.Could C.Would
( )4.—_____ Fred like football — Yes, he ____.
A.Does;does B.Do;does C.Does;do
系动词
系动词(可做实义动词)。有词义， 但是不能单独作谓语， 必须和表语一起构成主系表结构。
分类：状态系动词
持续系动词
感官系动词
变化系动词
系动词
状态系动词：be (am ,is ,are)动词
含义:--是什么，--怎么样，--在哪里
持续系动词：keep; stay
感官系动词：某物使人产生的感觉。
look 看起来 sound 听起来 smell 闻起来 taste 尝起来 feel 感觉起来
变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样。
become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run...
考题示例
1.用be动词的适当形式填空。
Mike and Liu Tao __________ at school.
解析：根据be动词的用法，本题中的主语是Mike and Liu Tao，是复数，故用are。
考题示例
2.单项选择。
( ) —I'm Lucy. Are you Alice —________
A.Yes,I am. B.No,I am.
C.Yes,you are. D.Yes,I'm.
解析：由问句“Are you Alice ”可知，肯定答语为“Yes,I am.”，否定答语为“No,I'm not.”。 故选A。
小练习
一、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1.—How old ______ you —I ______ ten years old.
2.—Where ______ your mother —She ______ at home.
3.Whose socks ______ they
4.(郑州）There ______ no gym in my school ten years ago.
5.(郑州）My favourite colour ______ blue.
are
am
is
is
are
is
is
小练习
二、单项选择。
( )1.There _____ two boys running on the street.
A.am B.is C.are
( )2.There _____ a pen and two pencils in the box.
A.are B.is C.has
( )3.Look!Sam _____ TV happily on the sofa.
A.is watching B.watches C.watch
( )4.This car _____ made in Shanghai.
A.is B.are C.has
C
B
A
A
过去式和
过去分词
played
动词原形
play
现在分词
playing
第三人称
单数形式
plays
动词的基本形式
第三人称单数形式
直接＋s
以s/x/sh/ch/o结尾+es
以辅音+y结尾y变ies
特殊：have-has
过去式和过去分词
直接＋ed
以e结尾＋d
以辅音+y结尾，y变ied
辅元辅结构，双写+ed
特殊变化特殊记
现在分词
直
去
双
改
直接＋ing
去不发音的e+ing
双写尾巴+ing(辅元辅)
改ie为y+ing
小练习
按要求写单词
1. swim (现在分词) __________
2. eat (过去式) __________
3. like (单三) __________
4. walk (过去式) __________
5. has (原形) __________
swimming
ate
likes
walked
have
Thank you