旧词新义 一词多性 习语课件

课件17张PPT。旧词新义 一词多性 习语 2013年广州二模完型填空第8小题：
Ms Piasta says,if adults can 8 children in the stories and get them to pay attention to letters and words, it makes sense that they will do better at 9 word recognition .
A. annoy B. leave C. interest D. puzzle C.Ⅰ. Observe the following underlined words1. His success contributed to industry because he worked hard on the project day and night.
2. Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.
3. “ If anybody had spoken to me like that when I was a guest in their house, it would be a long time before I would darken their door again.”勤奋麻烦不来找你就别自找麻烦。登门拜访Ⅱ.Learning the three kinds of language phenomenonPolysemic Words: 一词多义，旧词新义
e.g. ①2009年广东高考完形填空
A major French newspaper mistook his brother for him and carried an article announcing the death of Alfred Nobel.
② 2009年广东高考完形填空
Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great contributions to the causes to peace, literature,and the sciences.
③ 2007年广东高考完型填空
You can add as many users as you want, provided they each have a Windows account.
④2011年广东高考阅读理解
It is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two—thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.
The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. early B. sweetly C. quickly D. smoothly登载，刊出遗嘱事业假若,倘若，在….条件/ 情况下D2. Words with different parts of speech 一词多性①2007年广东高考阅读理解
The planet Earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or stands in a room.
②2009年广东高考阅读理解
Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought.
（注：twist作名词解时为“拐弯，弯曲，曲折”）
③2011年广东高考完形填空
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. ……in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual(智力的)growth by learning situations that are designed for the average children.
④ Mother is ironing my shirt with an electric iron.统治扭，转，搓，拧 使… 成组或归类一般标准的，普通的熨烫熨斗3. Idioms 习语① Brian could have been a rich man today had it not been for his gambling , his Achilles’ heel.
② Being careless, the national football team met their Waterloo in this match.
③ Break a leg in your test today. You are sure to pass the exam.
④ Oh my God! I saw a black cat cross my road this morning. I am afraid I have no change to pay you back.
⑤ There are seven people in the car, let alone a pile of luggage.
⑥….. she’s very handsome and she’s very finely dressed, only somehow she’s not ---she’s not the ticket, you see.
⑦ He was running for all he was worth so as to catch up with the bus.
⑧ You can’t trust him to keep a secret---he is sure to
spill the beans before long.致命弱点遭遇失败祝你（考试，面试…）成功更不用说遇到倒霉事有点不对路，有点不对劲竭尽全力泄露秘密，走漏风声Ⅲ . Discussion

How can we cope with the problems
with the three factors?
Ⅳ . Summarizing the strategies
for solving the problems旧词新义，一词多性及习语的解决策略1. 把握单词的中心词义，以单词的中心词义为基础进行词义的延伸和联想。
2. 根据单词在句中充当的句子成分来确立单词的词性，如单词在句中充当主语或宾语，则将该词名词化，如该词在句中充当谓语，则将该词动词化，如该词在句中充当定语，修饰后面的名词，则将该词形容词化，理解为“……的”，如该词在句中充当状语，修饰句中的动词，则将该词理解为“ ……地”。
3. 根据该词在上下文的逻辑关系和在句中与其前后的单词构成的搭配关系来确定该词的词义。
4. 如该词在句中确定为名词，根据其在句中作可数或不可数名词来确定词义。
5. 注重积累跨学科知识，及英语国家的社会文化背景知识，如圣经，神话故事、文化习俗，迷信，地理，常见的谚语及俚语表达等。
6. 在语境中,即上下文中确定单语词义，把单词放在词组语境，句子语境，段落语境及篇章语境中根据上下文的逻辑关系确定词义。即 learn from the context. 如阅读中遇到某些熟悉的单词，短语或从头到尾每个单词都看得明白的句子，按字面意思来理解不通顺的话，则该单词极可能为旧词新义，或该短语或句子可能为idioms，此时应果断放弃其字面的意义，把该表达当成是一个整体，假设为未知数 X , 根据该表达的上下文来判断词义，避免受到旧词的旧有意思的干扰。切忌把该短语或句子一个字一个字地拆开来孤立地理解。Ⅴ. Cosolidation Understand the meanings of the underlined words or phrases :
1. 2012年广东高考阅读理解 While the expression may not often be sincere,
it’s always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
2013年惠州市高考一模完形填空 ………The ordinary bat that flies around at night , who is even a really swift creature in the air , can not take off from a_____place. If it is placed on the floor or flat ground , all it can do is to move about.
A. steep B. widespread C. straight D. level
3. The young girl thumbed her way to the passing cars.
4. 2012年广东高考完形填空 For instance , we should not hurt or bully（欺骗）others, nor should we litter . ( litter 作名词时为垃圾 )
5. 2012年广东高考阅读理解
Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain ………
6. A lot of my friends backed my plan.
7. He always says none of the people can resist his charm（魅力）.
So we all gave him the horse laugh.乱扔垃圾尽管最关键的一点D向….做搭顺风车的手势不信任的嘲笑冒着…. 的风险支持Ⅵ. Conclusion 1. 就旧词新义，一词多性的词语来说，根据词语在句中所充当的成分来确立该词的词性，再根据该词的词性来把该词的含义名词化，动词化，形容词化，副词化等。
2. 就习语来说，根据单词与前后的词语所构成的搭配关系确定词义。切忌把构成习语的若干个单词逐个拆开，孤立地理解。应把构成习语的若干个词当成一个整体，结合上下文来作整体的理解。
即You can’t translate idioms word for word.
3. 克服旧词新义，一词多性和习语的最有效的办法就是在语境中,即上下文中确定单语词义。把单词放在词组语境，句子语境，段落语境及篇章语境中根据上下文的逻辑关系确定词义。即learn from the context.
小明汉语4—6级听力考试试题：
听力背景：小明送给朋友一件礼物
录音原文：
朋友：你这是什么意思？
小明：没什么意思，意思意思。
朋友：你这就不够意思了。
小明：小意思，小意思。
朋友：你这人真有意思。
小明：其实也没有别的意思。
朋友：那我就不好意思了。
小明：是我不好意思。
听力问题：分别解释每个“意思”的“意思”。
Ⅶ. Homework
1. Review and memorize the main points of this lesson.
Apply the skills that you have learned today to the upcoming Simulated Examination.
3. Finish off the additional exercises.Additional Exercises
根据上下文判断hand 在各句中的意义：
① The steel plant has taken over 300 extra hands.
② The couple bought a second-hand car for their trip.
③ My grandma has a dexterous hand at knitting.
④ Please just have a rest and let me have a hand.
⑤ The elderly lady writes a good hand.
⑥ Don’t blame the boy too much. He is a new hand.
⑦ There is something wrong with the minute hand.
⑧ Please just have a rest and let me have a hand.
根据语境解释下列各句中斜体fish的意义及词性：
① I like fish.
② He caught a fish.
③ You are such poor fish.
④ He looked eager to fish for compliments.
3. 选择斜体习语的正确解释：① She is hot. A lot of guys at school like her .
A. furious B. serious C.attractive
② You new project was a hit at the meeting on Friday.
A. success B. a funny routine C. a silly proposal
③ Oh, you don’t know . He is history because he was always late for work.
A. was a great teacher B. was fired C. was unhealthy
④ Sharon went bananas when she found out that she won a large shopping spree.
A. was depressed B. was overly excited C. was sensitive
He just started his new job so he’s still pretty green.
A. funny B. na?ve C. strong
Don’t worry. Her husband will pay for the meal.
He has deep pockets.
A. no money B. long trousers or pants C. a lot of money