2024届高考英语二轮复习:构词法课件(40张PPT)

(共40张PPT)
词汇
语法
中考词汇 1600词
高中没有新语法！！！
高考词汇 3500词
背高一的词汇
或中考1600词（精）
单词发音，拼写，词性，含义，和搭配
初二 初三
构词法
非谓语
句子成分
基本句型
状语从句
名词性从句
定语从句
每周至少5篇中考阅读
Book 1
U1 Basic Sentences
U2 Word formation
U3 Tenses
U4-6 Aderbial Clasuse
Book 2
U1-2 Modal verbs
U3 to- infinitive
U4 -ing as aderbial
U5 -ing as attribute
U6 -ing -ed as complement
高考题型
4+1
七选五
五选四
改错
+短文填空
完型
词 汇
回顾 1 词类
名词
动词
形容词
副词
数词
代词
冠词
介词
连词
感叹词
表示某一类人的名词 +er
+or
+ist
+ian
+man
变名词
farmer, worker, dancer, reporter,writer,
visitor, actor, inventor, translator, professor
dentist, artist, pianist, violinist，scientist, tourist, journalist,
musician, librarian, Canadian, Indian
postman, fisherman, Englishman, Frenchman，policeman
变抽象名词 +t(s)ion
+ment
+ty
+th
+ness
+ance
+ship
t变ce
其他
invention, collection, pronunciation, pollution, solution,
discussion, congratulation, suggestion, permission, attention,
agreement, development, argument
difficulty, activity, beauty ，safety, popularity,
death, growth, truth, youth, wealth, health, length
business, kindness, illness, goodness, darkness
appearance
friendship, hardship
different→difference, important→importance, confident→confidence, silent→silence
fail→failure proud→pride，high→height， weigh→weight，fly→flight， succeed→success， speak→speech, please→pleasure
un+
dis+
in+
im+
+less
变反义词
unhappy, unfriendly, uncomfortable, unusual, unlucky, unpleasant, unable, unfair
dislike, dishonest, disadvantage, disagree
impossible, impolite, imperfect
homeless, hopeless, helpless, careless, useless, fearless
inexpensive, indirect, incorrect, inhuman
+ing/ed
+y
+ly
+ful
+ous
变形容词
exciting/excited, interesting/interested, boring/ bored, relaxing/relaxed
sunny, noisy, healthy, lucky, funny, foggy, salty, tasty, thirsty
careful, useful, beautiful, hopeful, helpful, thankful, colorful, wonderful
friendly, lively, lovely, daily, lonely
dangerous, mysterious, famous, serious, anxious
+ern
+al
+ive
+ic
+en
+able
变形容词
western, northern, southern
professional, original, normal, physical
active, creative, aggressive
energetic, scientific, realistic
wooden, woolen, golden
enjoyable, comfortable
一般情况下，直接加____
以y结尾的，____________
以不发音的e结尾的，___
以 able/ible结尾的，_____
以元音字母加l结尾的，___________
变副词
ly
quickly，slowly
lucky--
happy--
extreme--
变y为i再加ly
final--
real--
ly
去e加 ly
加 ly
truly
wholly
luckily
happily
extremely
possible--
capable--
capably
possibly
finally
really
一般情况下，直接加____
以y结尾的，____________
以不发音的e结尾的，___
以 able/ible结尾的，_____
以元音字母加l结尾的，___________
变副词
ly
quickly，slowly
luckily， happily，
easily， healthily
extremely
capably， possibly， terribly
变y为i再加ly
finally， carefully，
really， specially
ly
去e加 ly
加 ly
truly
wholly
构词法
英语构词法主要有三种：
合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词)
转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性)
派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词)
考点一
转化法 Conversion
是指词性变化，词形不变
1. 动词转化为名词
大多意思没有多大的变化
有时意思有一定变化
有的与其他单词构成短语→同一个动作
①Let's go out for a walk.
②He is a man of strong build.
考点一
转化法 Conversion
是指词性变化，词形不变
2. 名词转化为动词
很多表示物件、身体部位、某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作
①Please hand me the book.
②She nursed her husband back to health.
考点一
转化法 Conversion
是指词性变化，词形不变
3. 形容词转化为动词
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4. 副词转化为动词
Murder will out.(谚语)
恶事终必将败露。
考点一
转化法 Conversion
是指词性变化，词形不变
5. 形容词转化为名词
1）表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词
2）the+ 形容词→表示一类人
You should be dressed in black at the funeral.
你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
考点一
常见词性转化的词
stop vt. 停止 --- n.车站
watch vt. 观看 --- n. 手表
record vt. 录音 --- n. 纪录
comb vt. 梳理 --- n.梳子
abuse vt. 辱骂 --- n. 辱骂
mine n.矿山 --- vt. 开矿
barbecue n. 烧烤---vt.
在烤架上烤
ship n. 船 --- vt.用船装运
finance n. 金融--- vt.为……提供资金
stain n. 污点,污迹 ---vt.玷污，污染
hand n. 手 --- vt. 上交
seat n. 座位 --- vt. 坐
nurse n. 护士 --- vt. 护理
oil n. 油 --- vt. 上油
time n. 时间 --- vt. 定时
shoulder n. 肩膀 --- vt. 肩负
draft n. 草稿 --- vt. 起草
head n. 头 --- v. 前进
考点一
常见词性转化的词
down adv. 向下 --- v. 放下
nowhere adv. 任何地方都不 --- n. 无处，无名的地方
freezing adj. 冰冻的 --- n. 冰点
solid adj. 固体的,坚实的--- n. 固体
second num. 第二 --- n. 秒
Practice
1 Looking back , I can see that those terrible events shaped me into the person I am today.
2 My mother aired the sheets well
v. 塑造
matter n 麻烦，问题
matter = be important / count 重要
猜测词义
shape n 形状
v. 通风
3.What really matters is not what you have but who you are .
air n.空气
4. A dictionary is a must for English learning.
must必须
n.必须做的事
加前缀：happy --- ___happy
加后缀： develop --- develop_______
既加前缀又加后缀：
employ ---____employ_______
是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词
un
ment
un
ment
考点二
派生词（derivation）
表示否定的前缀
考点二
派生词（derivation）--前缀
un-
dis-
in-
im
mis-
non-
il-
ir-
unfair,unhappy
disagree,disappear,dislike
inactive, inhuman, indirect
impolite,impossible
misunderstand ,misjudge, mislead
nonsmoker
illegal
irreal, irregular
常用在n. adj. adv. 前
常用在adj.后
用在b,p,m 开头的词前
pre- prewar
post- postwar
fore-(前，预先)
foretell,
forecast, foresee,
weather forecast
表示向背的前缀
考点二
派生词（derivation）--前缀
pro-
anti-
pro-Chinese
antiwar, anti-Japanese war
亲，支持
阻止，抗
表示时间的前缀
pre-
fore-
post-
prewar ，pre-school
foretell, forecast, foresee,
postwar，postpone（延迟），
postgraduate（研究生）
预先；前
后
pre- prewar
post- postwar
fore-(前，预先)
foretell,
forecast, foresee,
weather forecast
表示程度、大小的前缀
考点二
派生词（derivation）--前缀
super-
over-
mini-
superstar, superman, superpower
overexcited, overeat, overuse
minibus, miniskirt
超级
过多
迷你
表示位置的前缀
inter-
之间；相互
international, interclass
构成形容词或副词
a-
asleep, alive, , awake, alone
en-
构成动词
endanger，enrich，enlarge
前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。
Practice
in/ mis/un/dis
a-
en-
inter-
re-
tele -
auto
co-
anti-
multi -
构成反义词
构成动词
使
互相
再，又，重
远程的
自动
共同
反对，抵抗
多
考点二
派生词（derivation）--后缀
后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。
+ern
+al
+ive
+ic
+en
+able
western, northern, southern
professional, original, normal, physical
active, creative, aggressive
energetic, scientific, realistic
wooden, woolen, golden
enjoyable, comfortable
考点二
派生词（derivation）--前缀，后缀同时使用
1.I am , despite imperfections , a real , positive person ;
2. Setting unrealistic goals for ourselves .
不完美
不现实的
把两个或两个以上的独立的词结合在一起构成新词。
考点三
合成词（compounding）
class 班级 + room 房间
Guess the meaning
pain-killer
sleep-walk
color- blind
= classroom 教室
考点三
合成词（compounding）
1.合成代词
2.合成介词
3.合成副词
herself anything nobody
介词+名词
介词十介词
inside 在……里面
within在……之内
throughout 遍及
anyway (无论如何)；everywhere (到处)；
however (尽管如此)；forever (永远)
4.合成动词
名词+动词
形容词+动词
副词+动词
sleepwalk
whitewash
overthrow
梦游
粉刷
推翻
考点三
合成词（compounding）
5.合成形容词
man made人造的 cold-blooded冷血的 newborn 新生的
过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成
动词的ing 或另一词构成
English-speaking讲英语的 good-looking好看的
hard-working勤奋的 easygoing随和的
考点三
合成词（compounding）
6.合成名词
n+n
air conditioner
blood pressure
credit card
adj + n
central bank
fast food
v-ing +另一词
washing machine
driving license
其他方式
by-product
editor-in-chief
Practice
猜测词义
1 laughing helps to produce more antibody-producing cells .
2 Which of the following words best describe Kate
A Innocent and single-minded .
3. a fine-looking gentleman in military uniform has been standing across the corner .
4. A self-employed jobber , he was always building things out of odds and ends .
抗体生成
好看的
专心致志
自由职业的，个体经营的
考点四
截断法
即单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头，去尾、截头去尾等形式。
1.截头
telephone-→phone airplane-→plane
influenza→flu refrigerator-→fridge
mathematics→math examination→exam
kilogram→kilo laboratory→lab
2.去尾
3.截头去尾
考点四
截断法
television +broadcast-→telecast电视广播
smoke + fog-→smog烟雾
motor + hotel-→motel 汽车旅馆
very important person-→VIP 大人物World Health Organization
Test of English as a Foreign Language-→TOEFL托福
4.混合法
将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。
前半部分表示属性 后半部分表示主体。
5.首字母缩略法
用单词首字母组成一个新词。
读字母 和 作为一个单词读音。
真题演练
(一) 按要求写出下列词汇的变化形式。
1. encourage ________________(写出n. )
2 personal ________ (n. )
3. European ____________(写出n. )
4. especially ____________(写出adj.)
5. imagine __________(现在分词)
6. polite ________(反义词)
7. possible ___________(反义词) ___________ (n.)
8. natural ____________ (n. )
9. lucky _________(n. ) _________ (adv.) _________(反义词)
10. excellent ______________(比较级)________________(最高级)
encouragement
person
Europe
especial
imagining
impolite
impossible
possibility
nature
luck
luckily
unlucky
more excellent
the mostexcellent
11. (2021年全国甲卷·70) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their __________ (day) routines.
12. (2021年全国乙卷·68) Provide __________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
13. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·62)Landing on the moon's far side is ___________ (extreme) challenging.
14. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·61) Chinese New Year is a _____________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
15. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·69) The __________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
16. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·66) ___________(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
daily
financial
extremely
celebration
beautiful
Certainly
17. When it comes to insect pests, red fire ants would probably top everyone's list.
18. First, you should take an active part in the discussions and freely voice your opinion.
19. Yes, I was blessed; it wasn’t a material one, but the kind that will warm my heart forever.
n.顶部→v. 超过
n.声音→v. 发表；说话
畅所欲言
adj.温暖的→v. 使温暖
20. Suddenly she felt tears flooded her eyes.
21.In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾）that mirrors our fear of the dark.
22. So one day, just to see what she would do, I gently placed one on top of the groundhog’s （土拨鼠）head, Again, not a move.
n.镜子→v. 反映
n.地方→v. 放置
v.移动→n. 举动
n.洪水→v. 淹没;泛滥
泪水夺眶而出
adj.空的→v. 变空；倒空
Summary
构词法
合成(Compounding)
派生法（Derivation）
转化法（Conversion）
【词性转换】
{
前缀改变单词的意义，不改变词性。
后缀不改变单词意义，而改变词性。
截短法（Clipping）