2022-2023学年高三上学期期末联考(线上)
英语
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)略
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Ticket Information
Due to extremely high demand, tickets for the three traditional end-of-year concerts of the Vienna Philharmonic are drawn exclusively on the Vienna Philharmonic website. In this way, people worldwide have an equal chance to purchase these highly desired tickets.
Application Period: February 1-28, 2023
During this period, interested persons can apply on this website for tickets to the Preview Performance, the New Year’s Eve Concert, and the New Year’s Concert. The first step toward making an application for tickets is to register for the drawing. The registration is separate from your user account for the Webshop and is specifically for the drawing. Users can enter their ticket preferences for the upcoming concerts during the application period.
Price Categories
The number of tickets for the New Year’s Concert is limited to two, and the number of tickets for the Preview Performance and New Year’s Eve Concert can be up to four. The ticket prices range between 35 ? and 1200 ? for the New Year’s Concert, 25 ? and 860 ? for the New Year’s Eve Concert, and between 20 ? and 495 ? for the Preview Performance. If you wish to change your application, you may only do so during the application period. In March, you will know the results of the drawing.
When Should I Apply
Within the one-month application period, the actual time of application is irrelevant. An application made on February 1 has the same chances as an application made on February 28. The only way to obtain tickets for these concerts is by taking part in the online drawing! Requests submitted through the postal system, by e-mail or by any other means will not be considered!
1. Who could be most interested in this information
A. A website designer. B. A painting lover.
C. A music fan. D. A tourist guide.
2. What do you have to do to get tickets
A. Apply one month in advance. B. Participate in the drawing.
C. Send e-mails to the webshop. D. Use the same name as the user account.
3. How much must you pay at least for two tickets for the Preview Performance
A. 70?. B. 25?. C. 50?. D. 40?.
B
Every language and culture has curse words (脏话). What gives a curse word its power is partly its meaning and partly its sound. “In English, for example, curse words tend to contain a high percentage of plosive sounds—including P, T and K,” said Ryan McKay, a psychologist at University of London.
Dr. McKay teamed up with his colleague Shiri Lev-Ari to learn whether this familiar pattern went beyond English. They wondered whether it might even represent what’s called sound symbolism. Sound symbolism is when a word sounds like what it means.
The researchers first asked fluent speakers of Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Korean and Russian to list the most vulgar (粗俗的) words they could think of. Once they’d made a list of each language’s most frequently used curse words, the researchers compared these with neutral words from the same language. In these languages, they didn’t find the plosive sounds that seem common in English curse words. “Instead, we found that the vulgar words were defined by what they lacked: the approximant sounds that include letters I, L, R, W and Y, ”Dr. Lev-Ari said.
Next, the scientists invited 215 native speakers of six languages: Arabic, Chinese, Finnish, French, German and Spanish. The participants listened to pairs of words in a language they didn’t speak, and guessed which word in each pair was offensive. In reality, all the words were invented. For example, the researchers started with the Albanian word “zog, ” for “bird, ”and created the pair of fake words “yog" and “tsog. ”Participants were more likely to guess that words without approximants, such as “tsog, ” were curses.
Finally, the researchers combed through the dictionary for English curse words and their cleaned-up versions. Once again, the clean versions included more of the sounds I, L, R, W and Y.
A 20th-century linguistic (语言学的)principle claimed that the sounds of words were arbitrary: Any word could have any meaning. With curse words, though, as in other cases of sound symbolism, “the sounds themselves seem to carry meaning, ”said Lev-Ari. “That’s a new thing, ”said linguist Benjamin Bergen. “Curse words across languages, unrelated to each other, may pattern similarly. ”He also pointed out, to make sure the pattern of approximants missing from curses isn’t an accident, it would be nice to find it in an even larger sample of languages.
4. What is the purpose of McKay and Lev-Ari’s research
A. To analyze a phenomenon. B. To confirm an assumption.
C. To explain a definition. D. To challenge a theory.
5. What were the participants asked to do in the second part of the research
A. To decide which curse words are used more frequently.
B. To make up new curse words from real words.
C. To guess a word’s offensiveness according to its sound.
D. To identify the approximants in curse words.
6. According to Lev-Ari, which of the four is likely to sound offensive
A. Tusck B. Sola C. Darn D. Biach
7. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The old linguistic principle of sounds and meanings is wrong.
B. In sound symbolism, a word’s sound represents its meaning.
C. The research reveals the similarities between different languages.
D. The result of the research is not fully accepted by scientists.
C
Teenagers around the world are familiar with the great pain of boredom. And every parent is familiar with the sounds of groaning (咕哝的) kids, sulking (生闷气) in their room or pacing aimlessly around the house. But sometimes, it’s this very sense of boredom that can inspire creativity and create fast-growing trends.
This is true for pickleball (匹克球), now a popular sport in the West. According to the Mental Floss website, the sport was invented in the summer of 1965. At that time, Frank Pritchard, 13, had nothing to do in his family’s summer home in Washington, US. After complaining loudly, his father, Joel, suggested he make up a game. When Frank replied “Why don’t you ” his father gladly took up the challenge. Thus, pickleball was born.
Certain parts of tennis, badminton and ping-pong can be seen from pickleball. It’s a bat game played on a badminton-sized court with what looks like a wiffle ball (威浮球) over a low net. Only the serving team can score points, and all serves must be made with an underhand stroke (击球).
The popularity of pickleball has grown steadily over the last decade. According to Mental Floss, the number of pickleball courts has grown by an estimated 385 percent worldwide since 2010. One reason for its popularity is that it’s “a sport for everyone”. Anyone can play pickleball because it’s relatively easy to pick up. There are simple rules, and all people need is a couple of bats and a ball, which is affordable and accessible to all. Plus, pickleball is a sport centered around fun and friendship. The game lasts as short as 15 minutes, which means less running and stress for players.
Pritchard said that the game’s rapid rise in popularity was amazing, especially considering that a bad-tempered kid “inspired a sports craze by making a stink (吵闹) about being bored one afternoon 56 years ago”.
8. What do we know about pickleball, according to the passage
A. It was invented accidentally by a young boy.
B. It is a game suitable for family gatherings.
C. It combines elements from several ball games.
D. The game’s judges come from a serving team.
9. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A. Why pickleball has become so well received.
B. What equipment pickleball players need.
C. How significant pickleball is to the world.
D. What rules must be obeyed in pickleball.
10. What did Pritchard think of the popularity of pickleball
A. Unexpected. B. Reasonable. C. Natural. D. Awkward.
11. Why does the author write the passage
A. To advise us to join in sports games.
B. To teach us how to play pickleball.
C. To tell us the birth of a sports game.
D To motivate us to follow new trends.
D
Like a phoenix (凤凰), some stars may burst to life covered in “ash,” rising from the remains of stars that had previously passed on.
Two fireballs covered in carbon and oxygen, ashy byproducts of helium fusion (氦聚变), belong to a new class of stars, researchers report in the March Monthly Notices. Though these burning objects are not the first stars found covered in carbon and oxygen, they are the first discovered to have helium-burning cores.
“That merger (并合) tells you the star must have evolved differently,” says study author Nicole Reindl.
The stars may have formed from the merger of two white dwarfs (白矮星), the remaining hearts of stars that exhausted their fuel, Reindl further explains. One of the two was rich in helium, while the other contained lots of carbon and oxygen. These two white dwarfs had already been orbiting one another, but gradually drew together. Eventually the helium-rich white dwarf “ate” its partner, leaving carbon and oxygen all over its surface, just as a messy child might get food all over their face.
Such a merger would have produced a star covered in carbon and oxygen to burn nuclear fusion in its core again, says Tiara Battich, a German astrophysicist.
To test this idea, Battich copied the evolution, death and eventual merger of two stars on his computer and simulated (模拟) the process. He found that putting together a carbon-and-oxygen-rich white dwarf and a more massive helium one could explain the compositions of the two stars observed by Reindl and her colleagues.
“But this should happen very rarely,” Battich says. In most cases the opposite should occur, because carbon-oxygen white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones. For the rarer case to occur, two stars slightly more massive than the sun must have formed at just the right distance and the right time.
"The origins story Battich proposes demands a very specific and unusual set of circumstances, " says Simon Blouin, a Canadian astrophysicist. “But in the end, it makes sense.”
12 What’s the newest discovery of the merger of two stars
A. It produces a mass of helium ash.
B. It possesses a helium-burning core.
C. It is covered in carbon and oxygen.
D. It makes an oxygen atmosphere for life.
13. How did Battich prove his assumption of the merger
A. By co-working with Rcindl’s team.
B. By making astronomic observations.
C. By building models on his computer.
D. By testing the two stars’ compositions.
14. The underlined phrase “the opposite” means ________.
A. the carbon-oxygen white dwarf “ate” the helium one
B. the helium white dwarf “ate” the carbon-oxygen one
C. helium white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones
D. carbon-oxygen white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones
15. What’s the main idea of the text
A. The formation of stars makes sense.
B. The burning of stars brings them to life.
C. Stars inspire scientists to reflect on the universe.
D. Star mergers can unfold in more than one way.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
Signs of Eating Disorder
About 30 million Americans live with an eating disorder. ___16___ Yet many others are often hidden in plain sight. It’s important to know the symptoms in those who might be at risk for an eating disorder.
They’re constantly talking about dieting.
The discussion around changing eating habits is incredibly common. Look at any lifestyle magazine or website and you’ll likely find dieting tips and advice. ___17___ If someone you love is constantly talking about food or their dieting habits, it might be a sign of concern.
___18___
Changes in mood or behaviors surrounding food or exercise can be signs of concern. This could mean a switch in activity level like overexercising, too often counting calories, frequently visiting the bathroom after eating, fasting or eating too much. ___19___
They’re constantly turning down food-centric social gatherings.
Avoiding social interactions such as birthday parties or going out to dinner with friends is a significant danger signal. People living with the condition have an intense focus on food or body image. They will keep away from situations likely ones that once brought them joy—where that determination might be tested.
The best way to support someone who may be experiencing an eating disorder is by talking with them but when and how you do it matters. ___20___ Approach them with love and compassion, let them know that you care about them and that you notice that there is something they may be struggling with.
A. This also might come with a noticeable weight loss or gain.
B. However, being trapped in that discussion is a different story.
C. Their fitness or eating habits are constantly out of the ordinary.
D. Mood changes associated with eating may also be a danger signal.
E. It should be away from the normal routine and outside of a meal time.
F. Some symptoms of an eating disorder may be more visible to the eyes.
G. Eating disorders are a group of conditions marked by an unhealthy relationship with food.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Around 13000 years ago North America had a wider variety of mammals(哺乳动物)than modem Africa. There were multiple horse species,camels and some now-extinct animals. And such____21____creatures were not just found in North America. On every continent mammals on average were a lot larger from around 2.5 million until about 11700 years ago.
Scientists have long debated what caused all these large creatures to go extinct while many of the smaller ones____22____.A team of researchers led by biologist Felisa Smith analyzed evidence from millions of years’ worth of mammalian extinctions and found that on each continent large mammals started to____23____Ground the same time humans first showed up.
If the extinction trend continues, many more large mammals will soon disappear as well, as the primary threats from humans have____24____from overhunting to indirect processes such as habitat loss. In their new study Smith and her team analyzed a database of all land mammals that lived from 65 million years ago until today. “We found____25____no effect of climate on mammalian extinction over 65 million years,” she says. But starting around 125000 years ago and continuing until today, large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones, the researchers found. The average____26____of surviving mammals has decreased as a result. And those large-mammal extinctions are tightly coupled with the____27____of humans. For most of mammalian____28____history, an animal’s size was not predictive of its extinction risk. That____29____only appeared once humans began to live alongside large mammals.
This finding does not mean climate-related changes could not have_____30_____some wildlife populations, enabling humans to more easily bring about their eventual downfall._____31_____, it suggests the greater likelihood of large mammals going extinct is tied to human activities. The animals that evolved without the risk of hunting from humans were suddenly faced with a new_____32_____. They simply could not_____33_____fast enough to survive the invasion of humans.
Smith says the lesson to be learned from the new findings is that our ancestors prepared us to be extremely skillful killers. “What’s_____34_____now,” she says, “is that some of us are comfortable enough, have a high enough standard of living, that we can start thinking about our use of the Earth,” Rather than simply behaving as_____35_____, many of us are now in a position to become environmental protectors.
21 A. smart B. massive C. marine D. ancient
22. A. survived B. shrank C. escaped D. returned
23. A. hide away B. make off C. break up D. die out
24. A. faded B. restored C. improved D. expanded
25. A. absolutely B. predictably C. exclusively D. potentially
26. A. weight B. speed C. size D. appetite
27 A. production B. appearance C. exploration D. cruelty
28. A. recorded B. contemporary C. evolutionary D. ancient
29. A. link B. contact C. adaptation D. distinction
30. A. enlarged B. stressed C. impressed D. dominated
31. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. Meanwhile D. Rather
32. A. species B. hope C. rule D. threat
33. A. grow B. digest C. withdraw D. adapt
34. A. instructive B. fashionable C. different D. marvelous
35. A. sponsors B. creators C. consumers D. designers
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Early detection of visual impairment is crucial ___36___ frequently missed in young children, who are capable of only limited cooperation with standard vision tests.
Recently, Chinese scientists ___37___(develop) a smartphone-based deep learning system for early detection of visual impairments in young children. ___38___was reported in the international science journal Nature Medicine last week, the research was conducted by a team ___39___(lead) by Lin Haotian, ___40___professor at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of the Sun Yat-sen University.
The system is designed to induce a steady gaze in children by using cartoon-like video imagery. Cameras capture features of the subjects for ___41___(far) analysis, using deep-learning models. For capable of identifying 16 ophthalmic ___42___(disorder), such as congenital cataracts, congenital posits and congenital glaucoma, the system delivers an average screening ___43___(accurate) of more than 85 percent, said the report.
In the study, more than 25 million frames of videos from 3,652 children were collected ___44___(base) on deep-learning software used in the Tianhe-2 super-computing center in Guangzhou, Guangdong province. ___45___(consequent), the system has the potential to be used by healthcare professionals, parents and caregivers for identifying young children with visual impairments.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 你校上周末举行了一次以“健康第一”为主题的登山比赛,校英文报现正以此为主题举行征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1. 活动当天的天气情况;
2. 比赛的过程与结果;
3. 你的感受。
注意:1. 短文长度100词左右;
2. 标题和开头句已为你写好,不计入总词数。
A Hill-climbing Competition
In order to enhance the students’ awareness of body building, a hill-climbing competition, with the theme of “Health Is First”, was held last Sunday by our school.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My husband Fred and I moved to a new place. We bought a small house in a reasonably good neighborhood close to Fred’s office. It was a one-and-a-half-floor brick house built for soldiers returning from World War II. That house impressed nobody except me. We had to decorate it first because it was so old. Fred and I started to paint the walls and the doors. I also worked outside the house, helping Fred break the ugly fence between us and the neighbors and grow some flowers.
After I finished painting walls in the bedroom upstairs, I brought up some water and old towels to wash the window. I washed the inside, then opened the window and stepped out on the kitchen roof to wash the outside. The window was the kind that you couldn’t open from the outside.
I was so devoted to my housework that I didn’t realize the window gradually closed. After finishing cleaning, I stood back to admire the clean glass. And then, I tried to open the window, but I failed. Standing on my kitchen roof, I looked around the neighborhood. That was a lovely afternoon. Where were the neighbor kids riding their bikes They often rode back from the park. No young voices shouted to one another. The neighbor on the left was at work. Carroll and Julie, an elderly couple, lived in the house at the corner and were our nextdoor neighbors. They were likely to be at home, but our kitchen was on the wrong side of our house for me to call them.
I sat down and thought about my situation. Even if someone came along, he couldn’t walk in the house and open the window. The doors were locked. That was my husband’s doing. “When you’re working on an indoor project, anyone could just open the door and come in. So, just keep the doors closed,” he would say. I just needed a rope to get down. I sat there, thinking how stupid I was and wishing a rope would magically appear.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly, I heard a little boy laughing.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The boy looked at me for a while and left to ask for help.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2022-2023学年高三上学期期末联考(线上)
英语
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)略
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Ticket Information
Due to extremely high demand, tickets for the three traditional end-of-year concerts of the Vienna Philharmonic are drawn exclusively on the Vienna Philharmonic website. In this way, people worldwide have an equal chance to purchase these highly desired tickets.
Application Period: February 1-28, 2023
During this period, interested persons can apply on this website for tickets to the Preview Performance, the New Year’s Eve Concert, and the New Year’s Concert. The first step toward making an application for tickets is to register for the drawing. The registration is separate from your user account for the Webshop and is specifically for the drawing. Users can enter their ticket preferences for the upcoming concerts during the application period.
Price Categories
The number of tickets for the New Year’s Concert is limited to two, and the number of tickets for the Preview Performance and New Year’s Eve Concert can be up to four. The ticket prices range between 35 ? and 1200 ? for the New Year’s Concert, 25 ? and 860 ? for the New Year’s Eve Concert, and between 20 ? and 495 ? for the Preview Performance. If you wish to change your application, you may only do so during the application period. In March, you will know the results of the drawing.
When Should I Apply
Within the one-month application period, the actual time of application is irrelevant. An application made on February 1 has the same chances as an application made on February 28. The only way to obtain tickets for these concerts is by taking part in the online drawing! Requests submitted through the postal system, by e-mail or by any other means will not be considered!
1. Who could be most interested in this information
A. A website designer. B. A painting lover.
C. A music fan. D. A tourist guide.
2. What do you have to do to get tickets
A. Apply one month in advance. B. Participate in the drawing.
C Send e-mails to the webshop. D. Use the same name as the user account.
3. How much must you pay at least for two tickets for the Preview Performance
A. 70?. B. 25?. C. 50?. D. 40?.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要提供了音乐会的一些售票信息。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Due to extremely high demand, tickets for the three traditional end-of-year concerts of the Vienna Philharmonic are drawn exclusively on the Vienna Philharmonic website.(由于需求极高,维也纳爱乐的三场传统年终音乐会只能在维也纳爱乐乐团网站上购票)”可知,文章介绍的音乐会门票的相关信息。由此推知,音乐迷会对这些信息最感兴趣。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The registration is separate from your user account for the Webshop and is specifically for the drawing.(注册是独立于您的用户帐户的网上商店,是专门为绘图)”可知,参与绘图才能买到票。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The ticket prices range between 35 ? and 1200 ? for the New Year’s Concert, 25 ? and 860 ? for the New Year’s Eve Concert, and between 20 ? and 495 ? for the Preview Performance.(新年音乐会的票价在35欧元到1200欧元之间,跨年音乐会的票价在25欧元到860欧元之间,预览演出的票价在20欧元到495欧元之间)”可知,两张预演的票至少要40?。故选D。
B
Every language and culture has curse words (脏话). What gives a curse word its power is partly its meaning and partly its sound. “In English, for example, curse words tend to contain a high percentage of plosive sounds—including P, T and K,” said Ryan McKay, a psychologist at University of London.
Dr. McKay teamed up with his colleague Shiri Lev-Ari to learn whether this familiar pattern went beyond English. They wondered whether it might even represent what’s called sound symbolism. Sound symbolism is when a word sounds like what it means.
The researchers first asked fluent speakers of Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Korean and Russian to list the most vulgar (粗俗的) words they could think of. Once they’d made a list of each language’s most frequently used curse words, the researchers compared these with neutral words from the same language. In these languages, they didn’t find the plosive sounds that seem common in English curse words. “Instead, we found that the vulgar words were defined by what they lacked: the approximant sounds that include letters I, L, R, W and Y, ”Dr. Lev-Ari said.
Next, the scientists invited 215 native speakers of six languages: Arabic, Chinese, Finnish, French, German and Spanish. The participants listened to pairs of words in a language they didn’t speak, and guessed which word in each pair was offensive. In reality, all the words were invented. For example, the researchers started with the Albanian word “zog, ” for “bird, ”and created the pair of fake words “yog" and “tsog. ”Participants were more likely to guess that words without approximants, such as “tsog, ” were curses.
Finally, the researchers combed through the dictionary for English curse words and their cleaned-up versions. Once again, the clean versions included more of the sounds I, L, R, W and Y.
A 20th-century linguistic (语言学的)principle claimed that the sounds of words were arbitrary: Any word could have any meaning. With curse words, though, as in other cases of sound symbolism, “the sounds themselves seem to carry meaning, ”said Lev-Ari. “That’s a new thing, ”said linguist Benjamin Bergen. “Curse words across languages, unrelated to each other, may pattern similarly. ”He also pointed out, to make sure the pattern of approximants missing from curses isn’t an accident, it would be nice to find it in an even larger sample of languages.
4. What is the purpose of McKay and Lev-Ari’s research
A. To analyze a phenomenon. B. To confirm an assumption.
C. To explain a definition. D. To challenge a theory.
5. What were the participants asked to do in the second part of the research
A. To decide which curse words are used more frequently.
B. To make up new curse words from real words.
C. To guess a word’s offensiveness according to its sound.
D. To identify the approximants in curse words.
6. According to Lev-Ari, which of the four is likely to sound offensive
A. Tusck B. Sola C. Darn D. Biach
7. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The old linguistic principle of sounds and meanings is wrong.
B. In sound symbolism, a word’s sound represents its meaning.
C. The research reveals the similarities between different languages.
D. The result of the research is not fully accepted by scientists.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究表明每种语言和文化都有脏话。脏话的力量部分来自它的意思,部分来自它的发音,但是研究结果还需要进一步的证实。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“In English, for example, curse words tend to contain a high percentage of plosive sounds—including P, T and K, ”said Ryan McKay, a psychologist at University of London.”(伦敦大学的心理学家瑞恩·麦凯说:“以英语为例,骂人的话往往含有很高比例的爆破音,包括P、T和K。”)以及第二段中“Dr. McKay teamed up with his colleague Shiri Lev-Ari to learn whether this familiar pattern went beyond English. They wondered whether it might even represent what’s called sound symbolism.”(麦凯博士与他的同事希里·列弗-阿里(Shiri Lev-Ari)合作,研究这种熟悉的模式是否适用于英语以外的语言。他们想知道这是否代表了所谓的声音象征主义。)可推知,麦凯和列弗-阿里研究的目的是证实一种假设。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Next, the scientists invited 215 native speakers of six languages: Arabic, Chinese, Finnish, French, German and Spanish. The participants listened to pairs of words in a language they didn’t speak, and guessed which word in each pair was offensive.”(接下来,科学家们邀请了215名以阿拉伯语、汉语、芬兰语、法语、德语和西班牙语为母语的人。参与者听了几组他们不会说的语言的单词,并猜测每组单词中哪个是冒犯性的。)可知,在第二部分研究中,参与者被要求根据一个词的发音来猜测它的冒犯性。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead, we found that the vulgar words were defined by what they lacked: the approximant sounds that include letters I, L, R, W and Y, ”Dr. Lev-Ari said.”(“相反,我们发现粗俗词汇是由它们所缺乏的东西来定义的:包括字母I、L、R、W和Y在内的近似音。” 列弗-阿里说道。)可知,结合四个选项单词,只有A项tusck没有这五个字母I、L、R、W和Y以及其字母在内近似的发音。BCD选项都涉及到这五个字母的发音。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That’s a new thing, ”said linguist Benjamin Bergen. “Curse words across languages, unrelated to each other, may pattern similarly. ” He also pointed out, to make sure the pattern of approximants missing from curses isn’t an accident, it would be nice to find it in an even larger sample of languages.”(语言学家本杰明·卑尔根说:“这是一个新事物。“跨语言的脏话,彼此之间没有关联,可能会有相似的模式。”他还指出,为了确保诅咒中缺少近似值的模式不是偶然,最好能在更大量的语言样本中找到它。)可推知,从最后一段我们能了解这项研究的结果没有被科学家们完全接受。故选D项。
C
Teenagers around the world are familiar with the great pain of boredom. And every parent is familiar with the sounds of groaning (咕哝的) kids, sulking (生闷气) in their room or pacing aimlessly around the house. But sometimes, it’s this very sense of boredom that can inspire creativity and create fast-growing trends.
This is true for pickleball (匹克球), now a popular sport in the West. According to the Mental Floss website, the sport was invented in the summer of 1965. At that time, Frank Pritchard, 13, had nothing to do in his family’s summer home in Washington, US. After complaining loudly, his father, Joel, suggested he make up a game. When Frank replied “Why don’t you ” his father gladly took up the challenge. Thus, pickleball was born.
Certain parts of tennis, badminton and ping-pong can be seen from pickleball. It’s a bat game played on a badminton-sized court with what looks like a wiffle ball (威浮球) over a low net. Only the serving team can score points, and all serves must be made with an underhand stroke (击球).
The popularity of pickleball has grown steadily over the last decade. According to Mental Floss, the number of pickleball courts has grown by an estimated 385 percent worldwide since 2010. One reason for its popularity is that it’s “a sport for everyone”. Anyone can play pickleball because it’s relatively easy to pick up. There are simple rules, and all people need is a couple of bats and a ball, which is affordable and accessible to all. Plus, pickleball is a sport centered around fun and friendship. The game lasts as short as 15 minutes, which means less running and stress for players.
Pritchard said that the game’s rapid rise in popularity was amazing, especially considering that a bad-tempered kid “inspired a sports craze by making a stink (吵闹) about being bored one afternoon 56 years ago”.
8. What do we know about pickleball, according to the passage
A. It was invented accidentally by a young boy.
B. It is a game suitable for family gatherings.
C. It combines elements from several ball games.
D. The game’s judges come from a serving team.
9. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A. Why pickleball has become so well received.
B. What equipment pickleball players need.
C. How significant pickleball is to the world.
D. What rules must be obeyed in pickleball.
10. What did Pritchard think of the popularity of pickleball
A. Unexpected. B. Reasonable. C. Natural. D. Awkward.
11. Why does the author write the passage
A. To advise us to join in sports games.
B. To teach us how to play pickleball.
C. To tell us the birth of a sports game.
D. To motivate us to follow new trends.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了现在很流行的匹克球特殊的起源——因为一个孩子在一个夏日里感到无聊而诞生。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Certain parts of tennis, badminton and ping pong can be seen from pickleball.(网球、羽毛球和乒乓球的某些部分可以从匹克球中看到。)”可知,匹克球结合了网球、羽毛球及乒乓球的元素。故选C。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句“The popularity of pickleball has grown steadily over the last decade.( 匹克球的受欢迎程度在过去十年中稳步增长。)”及本段内容可知,匹克球在过去的十年间一直受到人们的欢迎。本段介绍了匹克球受欢迎的原因:易学及设备简单、增进友谊及充满乐趣、运动强度不大。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Pritchard said that the game’s rapid rise in popularity was amazing, especially considering that a bad-tempered kid “inspired a sports craze by making a stink (吵闹) about being bored one afternoon 56 years ago”.( Pritchard说,这款游戏受欢迎程度的迅速上升令人惊讶,尤其是考虑到一个坏脾气的孩子“通过在56年前的一个下午发牢骚(吵闹)激发了一场体育热潮”。)”可推断,他对匹克球的流行感到出乎意料。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文可知,文章作者介绍了现在很流行的匹克球特殊的起源——因为一个孩子在一个夏日里感到无聊而诞生。从而可以推断作者的写作目的就是向读者介绍匹克球的产生。故选C。
D
Like a phoenix (凤凰), some stars may burst to life covered in “ash,” rising from the remains of stars that had previously passed on.
Two fireballs covered in carbon and oxygen, ashy byproducts of helium fusion (氦聚变), belong to a new class of stars, researchers report in the March Monthly Notices. Though these burning objects are not the first stars found covered in carbon and oxygen, they are the first discovered to have helium-burning cores.
“That merger (并合) tells you the star must have evolved differently,” says study author Nicole Reindl.
The stars may have formed from the merger of two white dwarfs (白矮星), the remaining hearts of stars that exhausted their fuel, Reindl further explains. One of the two was rich in helium, while the other contained lots of carbon and oxygen. These two white dwarfs had already been orbiting one another, but gradually drew together. Eventually the helium-rich white dwarf “ate” its partner, leaving carbon and oxygen all over its surface, just as a messy child might get food all over their face.
Such a merger would have produced a star covered in carbon and oxygen to burn nuclear fusion in its core again, says Tiara Battich, a German astrophysicist.
To test this idea, Battich copied the evolution, death and eventual merger of two stars on his computer and simulated (模拟) the process. He found that putting together a carbon-and-oxygen-rich white dwarf and a more massive helium one could explain the compositions of the two stars observed by Reindl and her colleagues.
“But this should happen very rarely,” Battich says. In most cases the opposite should occur, because carbon-oxygen white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones. For the rarer case to occur, two stars slightly more massive than the sun must have formed at just the right distance and the right time.
"The origins story Battich proposes demands a very specific and unusual set of circumstances, " says Simon Blouin, a Canadian astrophysicist. “But in the end, it makes sense.”
12. What’s the newest discovery of the merger of two stars
A. It produces a mass of helium ash.
B. It possesses a helium-burning core.
C. It is covered in carbon and oxygen.
D. It makes an oxygen atmosphere for life.
13. How did Battich prove his assumption of the merger
A. By co-working with Rcindl’s team.
B. By making astronomic observations.
C. By building models on his computer.
D. By testing the two stars’ compositions.
14. The underlined phrase “the opposite” means ________.
A. the carbon-oxygen white dwarf “ate” the helium one
B. the helium white dwarf “ate” the carbon-oxygen one
C. helium white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones
D. carbon-oxygen white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones
15. What’s the main idea of the text
A. The formation of stars makes sense.
B. The burning of stars brings them to life.
C. Stars inspire scientists to reflect on the universe.
D. Star mergers can unfold in more than one way.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员在《三月月报》上报道,两个火球覆盖着碳和氧,它们是氦聚变产生的灰色副产物,属于一类新的恒星,引发了一系列关于恒星合并方式的思考与讨论。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Two fireballs covered in carbon and oxygen, ashy byproducts of helium fusion , belong to a new class of stars, researchers report in the March Monthly Notices. Though these burning objects are not the first stars found covered in carbon and oxygen, they are the first discovered to have helium-burning cores.(研究人员在《三月月报》上报道,两个火球覆盖着碳和氧,它们是氦聚变产生的灰色副产物,属于一类新的恒星。虽然这些燃烧的物体不是第一个被发现覆盖着碳和氧的恒星,但它们是第一个被发现具有氦燃烧核心的恒星)”并结合语境可知,两颗恒星合并的最新发现是它拥有氦燃烧核心。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段第一句“To test this idea, Battich copied the evolution, death and eventual merger of two stars on his computer and simulated the process.(为了验证这个想法,Battich在他的电脑上复制了两颗恒星的演化、死亡和最终合并,并模拟了这个过程)”可知,Battich是通过在电脑上构建模型。来证明他的猜想的。故选C项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第四段最后一句“Eventually the helium-rich white dwarf “ate” its partner, leaving carbon and oxygen all over its surface, just as a messy child might get food all over their face.(最终,这颗富含氦的白矮星“吃掉”了它的伴侣,使其表面到处都是碳和氧,就像一个邋遢的孩子可能满脸都是食物一样)”以及倒数第二段第一句“But this should happen very rarely(但这种情况应该很少发生)”和第二句“In most cases the opposite should occur, because carbon-oxygen white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones.(在大多数情况下,相反的情况会发生,因为碳氧白矮星通常质量更大)”可知,划线部分指的是“通常碳氧白矮星会吃掉含氦的白矮星”。故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“Two fireballs covered in carbon and oxygen, ashy byproducts of helium fusion ,belong to a new class of stars, researchers report in the March Monthly Notices.(研究人员在《三月月报》上报道,两个火球覆盖着碳和氧,它们是氦聚变产生的灰色副产物,属于一类新的恒星)”和倒数第二段““But this should happen very rarely,” Battich says. In most cases the opposite should occur, because carbon-oxygen white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones. For the rarer case to occur, two stars slightly more massive than the sun must have formed at just the right distance and the right time.(“但这种情况应该很少发生,”Battich说。在大多数情况下,相反的情况会发生,因为碳氧白矮星通常质量更大。更罕见的情况是,两颗质量略大于太阳的恒星一定是在合适的距离和时间形成的)”结合全文可知,本文主要是在探讨恒星合并的不同方式。由此可知,D选项“Star mergers can unfold in more than one way. (恒星合并可以以多种方式展开)”符合题意。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
Signs of Eating Disorder
About 30 million Americans live with an eating disorder. ___16___ Yet many others are often hidden in plain sight. It’s important to know the symptoms in those who might be at risk for an eating disorder.
They’re constantly talking about dieting.
The discussion around changing eating habits is incredibly common. Look at any lifestyle magazine or website and you’ll likely find dieting tips and advice. ___17___ If someone you love is constantly talking about food or their dieting habits, it might be a sign of concern.
___18___
Changes in mood or behaviors surrounding food or exercise can be signs of concern. This could mean a switch in activity level like overexercising too often counting calories, frequently visiting the bathroom after eating, fasting or eating too much. ___19___
They’re constantly turning down food-centric social gatherings.
Avoiding social interactions such as birthday parties or going out to dinner with friends is a significant danger signal. People living with the condition have an intense focus on food or body image. They will keep away from situations likely ones that once brought them joy—where that determination might be tested.
The best way to support someone who may be experiencing an eating disorder is by talking with them, but when and how you do it matters. ___20___ Approach them with love and compassion, let them know that you care about them and that you notice that there is something they may be struggling with.
A This also might come with a noticeable weight loss or gain.
B. However, being trapped in that discussion is a different story.
C. Their fitness or eating habits are constantly out of the ordinary.
D. Mood changes associated with eating may also be a danger signal.
E. It should be away from the normal routine and outside of a meal time.
F. Some symptoms of an eating disorder may be more visible to the eyes.
G. Eating disorders are a group of conditions marked by an unhealthy relationship with food.
【答案】16. F 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是有关“饮食失调的迹象”。 了解那些可能有饮食失调风险的人的症状是很重要的。
【16题详解】
下文提示“然而,还有许多人常常隐藏在普通的视线中。”承接下文,F项Some symptoms of an eating disorder may be more visible to the eyes.(饮食失调的一些症状可能更容易被眼睛看到。)切题。下文中的yet“然而”,表示转折,将该项中的more visible to the eyes和下文中的hidden in plain sight连在一起。故选F。
【17题详解】
上文提示“关于改变饮食习惯的讨论非常普遍。看看任何一本生活时尚杂志或网站,你可能会发现节食的秘诀和建议。”再根据空格下文提示“如果你爱的人总是在谈论食物或者他们的饮食习惯,这可能是一个担忧的信号。”承接上下文,B项However, being trapped in that discussion is a different story.(然而,陷入这种讨论是另一回事。)切题。该项中的However,与上文构成一种转折,且该项内容引出下文。故选B。
【18题详解】
此空属于小标题。本段第一句提示“与食物或运动有关的情绪或行为的变化可能是担忧的迹象。这可能意味着活动水平的改变,比如过度锻炼、经常计算卡路里、饭后频繁上厕所、禁食或吃得太多。”由此可知,C项Their fitness or eating habits are constantly out of the ordinary.(他们的健康或饮食习惯总是与众不同。)切题。故选C。
【19题详解】
上文提示“这可能意味着活动水平的改变,比如过度锻炼、经常计算卡路里、饭后频繁上厕所、禁食或吃得太多。”承接上文,A项This also might come with a noticeable weight loss or gain.(这也可能伴随着明显的体重减轻或增加。)切题。该项中的also将上句连接在一起。故选A。
【20题详解】
上文提示“支持一个可能正在经历饮食失调的人的最好方法是和他们交谈,但是什么时候以及怎样做很重要。”承接上文,E项 It should be away from the normal routine and outside of a meal time.(它应该远离正常的日常生活,在用餐时间之外。)切题。该项中的it指的就是上文中的The best way。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Around 13000 years ago North America had a wider variety of mammals(哺乳动物)than modem Africa. There were multiple horse species,camels and some now-extinct animals. And such____21____creatures were not just found in North America. On every continent mammals on average were a lot larger from around 2.5 million until about 11700 years ago.
Scientists have long debated what caused all these large creatures to go extinct while many of the smaller ones____22____.A team of researchers led by biologist Felisa Smith analyzed evidence from millions of years’ worth of mammalian extinctions and found that on each continent large mammals started to____23____Ground the same time humans first showed up.
If the extinction trend continues, many more large mammals will soon disappear as well, as the primary threats from humans have____24____from overhunting to indirect processes such as habitat loss. In their new study Smith and her team analyzed a database of all land mammals that lived from 65 million years ago until today. “We found____25____no effect of climate on mammalian extinction over 65 million years,” she says. But starting around 125000 years ago and continuing until today, large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones, the researchers found. The average____26____of surviving mammals has decreased as a result. And those large-mammal extinctions are tightly coupled with the____27____of humans. For most of mammalian____28____history, an animal’s size was not predictive of its extinction risk. That____29____only appeared once humans began to live alongside large mammals.
This finding does not mean climate-related changes could not have_____30_____some wildlife populations, enabling humans to more easily bring about their eventual downfall._____31_____, it suggests the greater likelihood of large mammals going extinct is tied to human activities. The animals that evolved without the risk of hunting from humans were suddenly faced with a new_____32_____. They simply could not_____33_____fast enough to survive the invasion of humans.
Smith says the lesson to be learned from the new findings is that our ancestors prepared us to be extremely skillful killers. “What’s_____34_____now,” she says, “is that some of us are comfortable enough, have a high enough standard of living, that we can start thinking about our use of the Earth,” Rather than simply behaving as_____35_____, many of us are now in a position to become environmental protectors.
21. A. smart B. massive C. marine D. ancient
22. A. survived B. shrank C. escaped D. returned
23. A. hide away B. make off C. break up D. die out
24. A. faded B. restored C. improved D. expanded
25. A. absolutely B. predictably C. exclusively D. potentially
26. A. weight B. speed C. size D. appetite
27. A. production B. appearance C. exploration D. cruelty
28. A. recorded B. contemporary C. evolutionary D. ancient
29. A. link B. contact C. adaptation D. distinction
30. A. enlarged B. stressed C. impressed D. dominated
31. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. Meanwhile D. Rather
32. A. species B. hope C. rule D. threat
33. A. grow B. digest C. withdraw D. adapt
34. A. instructive B. fashionable C. different D. marvelous
35. A. sponsors B. creators C. consumers D. designers
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. D 34. C 35. C
【解析】
【分析】本文一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大型哺乳动物灭绝和人类活动密切相关,呼吁人们要爱护地球,保护野生动物。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:如此巨大的生物不仅在北美被发现。A. smart聪明的;B. massive巨大的;C. marine海洋的;D. ancient古代的。根据下文“On every continent mammals on average were a lot larger from around 2.5 million until about 11700 years ago.”中的“larger”,可知是说巨大的生物,根据语境,故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:长期以来,科学家们一直在争论是什么原因导致这些大型生物灭绝,而许多较小的生物幸存了下来。A. survived幸存;B. shrank退缩;C. escaped逃跑;D. returned返回。根据本句中的“while”,可知上下句形成对比,所以是大型生物灭绝,较小的生物幸存了下来,故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意:由生物学家Felisa Smith领导的一个研究小组分析了数百万年来哺乳动物灭绝的证据,发现在每个大陆上,大型哺乳动物开始灭绝的时间与人类首次出现的时间相同。A. hide away隐藏;B. make off匆匆逃掉;C. break up结束;D. die out灭绝。根据前半句“A team of researchers led by biologist Felisa Smith analyzed evidence from millions of years’ worth of mammalian extinctions”中的“extinctions”相呼应,所以应是灭绝,故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果灭绝的趋势继续下去,更多的大型哺乳动物也将很快消失,因为来自人类的主要威胁已经从过度捕猎扩大到栖息地丧失等间接过程。A. faded衰退;B. restored修复;C. improved改善;D. expanded扩大。根据下文“from overhunting to indirect processes such as habitat loss”,从过度捕猎到栖息地丧失,说明来自人类威胁的范围已经扩大了,故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:“我们发现,在6500万年的时间里,气候对哺乳动物灭绝绝对没有影响,”她说。A. absolutely绝对地;B. predictably可预见地;C. exclusively唯一地;D. potentially潜在地。根据下文“But starting around 125000 years ago and continuing until today, large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones, the researchers found.” 但研究人员发现,从12.5万年前开始直到今天,大型哺乳动物比小型哺乳动物更有可能灭绝,根据上下文的转折关系,说明6500万年前的动物不会受到气候影响而灭绝,故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:因此,存活下来的哺乳动物的平均体型变小了。A. weight重量;B. speed速度;C. size大小,尺寸;D. appetite胃口。根据上文“large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones”,可知是存活下来的哺乳动物的平均体型变小了,故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:而那些大型哺乳动物的灭绝与人类的出现紧密相连。A. production生产;B. appearance出现;C. exploration勘探;D. cruelty残酷。根据下文“That____9____only appeared once humans began to live alongside large mammals.”由此可知,哺乳动物的灭绝是和人类有关系的,故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在哺乳动物进化史的大部分时间里,动物的体型并不能预测其灭绝的风险。A. recorded记录的;B. contemporary当代的;C. evolutionary进化的;D. ancient古代的。根据下文的 “history”以及“an animal’s size was not predictive of its extinction risk.”可知是在哺乳动物的进化史中,故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这种联系只在人类开始与大型哺乳动物生活在一起时才出现。A. link联系;B. contact接触;C. adaptation适应;D. distinction区别。因为前文说大型哺乳动物的灭绝,和气候无关,哺乳动进化史也不能预测到灭绝的风险,所以这种灭绝只能和人类联系在一起,故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:这一发现并不意味着与气候相关的变化不会给一些野生动物种群造成压力,使人类更容易导致其最终灭亡。A. enlarged扩大;B. stressed使承受压力;C. impressed给......深刻印象;D. dominated支配。因为气候的相关变化使人类更容易导致野生动物灭亡,所以这里应是造成压力,故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:相反,它表明大型哺乳动物灭绝的更大可能性与人类活动有关。A. Moreover此外;B. Otherwise否则;C. Meanwhile同时;D. Rather相反。根据上下两句的关系,可知是相反的,故选D
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:那些没有被人类猎杀风险的动物突然面临着新的威胁。A. species物种;B. hope希望;C. rule规则;D. threat威胁。根据上文“it suggests the greater likelihood of large mammals going extinct is tied to human activities”表明大型哺乳动物灭绝的更大可能性与人类活动有关,人类还会继续活动,所以面临新的威胁,故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:它们无法快速适应人类的入侵。A. grow生长;B. digest消化;C. withdraw撤退;D. adapt适应。根据上文“The animals that evolved without the risk of hunting from humans were suddenly faced with a new____12____.”可知,对人类突然带来的新威胁,无法适应,故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:“现在不同的是,”她说,“我们中的一些人足够舒适,有足够高的生活水平,我们可以开始考虑我们对地球的耗费。”A. instructive有益的;B. fashionable流行的;C. different不同的;D. marvelous非凡的。根据下文“is that some of us are comfortable enough, have a high enough standard of living, that we can start thinking about our use of the Earth”由此可知,她表达的意思是我们不能一味地享受地球带给我们的舒适,我们还要思考对地球的耗费,所以应该是不同的,故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们中的许多人不再仅仅是消费者,而是成为了环境保护者。A. sponsors赞助者;B. creators创造者;C. consumers消费者;D. designers设计师。根据下文“many of us are now in a position to become environmental protectors”,可知“protectors”对应的应是消费者,故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Early detection of visual impairment is crucial ___36___ frequently missed in young children, who are capable of only limited cooperation with standard vision tests.
Recently, Chinese scientists ___37___(develop) a smartphone-based deep learning system for early detection of visual impairments in young children. ___38___was reported in the international science journal Nature Medicine last week, the research was conducted by a team ___39___(lead) by Lin Haotian, ___40___professor at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of the Sun Yat-sen University.
The system is designed to induce a steady gaze in children by using cartoon-like video imagery. Cameras capture features of the subjects for ___41___(far) analysis, using deep-learning models. For capable of identifying 16 ophthalmic ___42___(disorder), such as congenital cataracts, congenital posits and congenital glaucoma, the system delivers an average screening ___43___(accurate) of more than 85 percent, said the report.
In the study, more than 25 million frames of videos from 3,652 children were collected ___44___(base) on deep-learning software used in the Tianhe-2 super-computing center in Guangzhou, Guangdong province. ___45___(consequent), the system has the potential to be used by healthcare professionals, parents and caregivers for identifying young children with visual impairments.
【答案】36. but
37. have developed
38. As 39. led
40. a 41. further
42. disorders
43. accuracy
44. based 45. Consequently
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了近期中国科学家所开发的一项用来检测儿童视力衰退的系统。
【36题详解】
考查连词。句意:早期发现视力损害是至关重要的,但在幼儿中经常被遗漏,他们只能有限地配合标准视力测试。分析句子结构可知,空前的形容词 crucial 和空后的谓语动词 is missed 形成了意义上的转折,应用but连接。故填but。
【37题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:最近,中国科学家开发了一种基于智能手机的深度学习系统,用于早期发现幼儿视觉障碍。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以develop作本句谓语,根据时间状语Recently,可知应该用现在完成时,主语scientists为复数。故填have developed。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:国际科学杂志《自然医学》上周报道,这项研究是由中山大学中山眼科中心教授林浩天领导的团队进行的。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句缺少主语成分,且位于主句前,表达“正如”之意,应该用as引导,位于句首,首字母大写。故填As。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:国际科学杂志《自然医学》上周报道,这项研究是由中山大学中山眼科中心教授林浩天领导的团队进行的。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词was conducted ,所以lead应该用非谓语形式,根据空后的by可知,应该用过去分词表被动。故填led。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意:国际科学杂志《自然医学》上周报道,这项研究是由中山大学中山眼科中心教授林浩天领导的团队进行的。分析句子结构可知,professor为可数名词,句中用的单数,前应用不定冠词修饰,professor的发音为辅音音素开头,应用a。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意:通过深度学习模型,相机捕捉受试者的特征,以便进行进一步分析。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词analysis,所以空处应填形容词,根据句意,此处表达“进一步分析”之意,应用far的比较级further。故填further。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意:该报告称,该系统能够识别先天性白内障、先天性白内障和先天性青光眼等16种眼科疾病,平均筛查准确率超过85%。分析句子结构可知,空前是形容词ophthalmic,所以空处应填名词,disorder意为“疾病”为可数名词,根据空前的16,应该用复数形式。故填disorders。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意:该报告称,该系统能够识别先天性白内障、先天性白内障和先天性青光眼等16种眼科疾病,平均筛查准确率超过85%。分析句子结构可知,空前是形容词screening,所以空处应填名词,accurate的名词形式是accuracy,为不可数名词。故填accuracy。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在这项研究中,基于广东省广州市天河二号超级计算中心使用的深度学习软件,收集了3652名儿童的2500多万帧视频。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词were collected,所以base应该用非谓语形式,逻辑主语是study,两者间是被动关系,应该用过去分词表被动,故填based。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意:因此,该系统有可能被医疗保健专业人员、父母和护理人员用于识别有视觉障碍的幼儿。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面整个句子,应该用副词修饰,consequent的副词形式是consequently,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Consequently。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 你校上周末举行了一次以“健康第一”为主题的登山比赛,校英文报现正以此为主题举行征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1. 活动当天的天气情况;
2. 比赛的过程与结果;
3. 你的感受。
注意:1. 短文长度100词左右;
2. 标题和开头句已为你写好,不计入总词数。
A Hill-climbing Competition
In order to enhance the students’ awareness of body building, a hill-climbing competition, with the theme of “Health Is First”, was held last Sunday by our school.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】A Hill-climbing Competition
In order to enhance the students’ awareness of body building, a hill-climbing competition, with the theme of “Health Is First”, was held last Sunday by our school.
It was a sunny day. All students with joy gathered on the school gate first. Then, after the headmaster delivered a speech about safety and rules, we set off excitedly at 7: 30. All the way, we enjoyed the beautiful scenery of nature and shared interesting stories besides trying our best to move up-ward. It was at about 10: 00 that we all reached the top of the hill. The top three students come from class one, four, and nine.
Although not receiving an award, I wasn’t disappointed at all, for I had received better health and friendship.
【解析】
【导语】这篇书面表达是一篇新闻报道。要求考生以李华的身份,为学校举办的以“健康第一”为主题的登山比赛写一篇短文,向学校的英文报投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
开心:joy→happiness
出发:set off→depart
失望的:disappointed→regretful
获得:receive→obtain
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:All students with joy gathered on the school gate first.
拓展句:All students who were joyful gathered on the school gate first.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Then, after the headmaster delivered a speech about safety and rules, we set off excitedly at 7: 30. (运用了after引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] Although not receiving an award, I wasn’t disappointed at all, for I had received better health and friendship. (运用了although引导的让步状语从句和for引导的原因状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My husband Fred and I moved to a new place. We bought a small house in a reasonably good neighborhood close to Fred’s office. It was a one-and-a-half-floor brick house built for soldiers returning from World War II. That house impressed nobody except me. We had to decorate it first because it was so old. Fred and I started to paint the walls and the doors. I also worked outside the house, helping Fred break the ugly fence between us and the neighbors and grow some flowers.
After I finished painting walls in the bedroom upstairs, I brought up some water and old towels to wash the window. I washed the inside, then opened the window and stepped out on the kitchen roof to wash the outside. The window was the kind that you couldn’t open from the outside.
I was so devoted to my housework that I didn’t realize the window gradually closed. After finishing cleaning, I stood back to admire the clean glass. And then, I tried to open the window, but I failed. Standing on my kitchen roof, I looked around the neighborhood. That was a lovely afternoon. Where were the neighbor kids riding their bikes They often rode back from the park. No young voices shouted to one another. The neighbor on the left was at work. Carroll and Julie, an elderly couple, lived in the house at the corner and were our nextdoor neighbors. They were likely to be at home, but our kitchen was on the wrong side of our house for me to call them.
I sat down and thought about my situation. Even if someone came along, he couldn’t walk in the house and open the window. The doors were locked. That was my husband’s doing. “When you’re working on an indoor project, anyone could just open the door and come in. So, just keep the doors closed,” he would say. I just needed a rope to get down. I sat there, thinking how stupid I was and wishing a rope would magically appear.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly, I heard a little boy laughing.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The boy looked at me for a while and left to ask for help.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文:
Suddenly, I heard a little boy laughing. I stood up and looked down the street. Sure enough, there was a little boy. He was riding his bike. I told him that was washing the window and it shut. He looked up, saw me, and laughed. After all, it’s not an everyday case that you see an old lady on a roof. I told him to ask my next-door neighbors to come and help me. “Of course,” he simply answered.
The boy looked at me for while and left to ask for help. Soon Carroll and Julie came, bringing a long rope with them. And then I climbed down. I sincerely thanked them for their kind help. The doors were locked and the keys were in the house, so my lovely neighbors invited me to their house to celebrate my rescue with coffee, cookies, and laughter. A few hours later, my husband came back. I said thanks to them again and went home. From then on, I definitely believe that a far-off relative is not as helpful as a near neighbor.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达考查读后续写。
【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知,文章主要讲述的作者和丈夫搬到新地方,买了一所老房子,需要粉刷和打扫,作者在粉刷房子以后开始清理窗子,意外地把自己关在房子里,陷入困境。
续写部分分为两段,根据第一段所给首句可知,陷入困境中的我听到一个小男孩在笑;而根据第二段所给首句中的“The boy looked at me for a while and left to ask for help.”可知,在第一段可以描写“我向男孩求救”。而第二段的段首句的另一个信息是,男孩离开去求助,所以,第二段主要描述了“我”被邻居救了下来,非常感谢他们。
续写时要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右,按要求完成写作任务。
【点睛】范文内容完整,要点全面,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关系,使用了短语和高级句型如:look up;after all;from then on等短语;高级句型:宾语从句 From then on, I definitely believe that a far-off relative is not as helpful as a near neighbor.和非谓语动词结构Soon Carroll and Julie came, bringing a long rope with them.等高级句式。