牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Reading 课件(共60张PPT)

(共60张PPT)
Unit 4
Scientists who changed the world
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Unit 4
Reading
Do you know what malaria is
你知道什么是疟疾吗？
Malaria 疟疾
https://www./video/BV1ts411t7N5 share_source=copy_web
Watch the video and answer the questions
1. What causes malaria mostly
2. What’s the symptom of getting malaria
高烧，发汗，发冷，抽搐，头疼，时而呕吐腹泻
High fever, sweating, chills, convulsions, headaches, vomiting and diarrhea at times
plasmodium
疟原虫
spread by mosquitoes
靠蚊子传播
Tu Youyou.
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize. Who is this winner
What is happening in this photo
Tu Youyou is awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize.
What do you know about the Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize refers to the five prizes established by Nobel in 1895，one of a set of prizes that are awarded each year to people who have done important work in Physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine, and literature
诺贝尔奖是指根据诺贝尔1895年的遗嘱而设立的五个奖项，包括：物理学奖、化学奖、和平奖、生理学或医学奖和文学奖，旨在表彰在以上方面“对人类作出最大贡献”的人士；
TU Youyou
2015. 10
Nobel Prize in physiology(生理学) or medicine（医学）
for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria(疟疾)
Artemisinin
青蒿素
Artemisinin, a drug therapy for malaria that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing world.青蒿素，一种治疗疟疾的药物，拯救了全球数百万人的生命，特别是在发展中国家。
青蒿素 Artemisinin
https://www./video/BV1g54y1D7xF share_source=copy_web
What does the news report mainly talk about
Detailed reading
Who
Tu Youyou
What
She receive a Nobel Prize.
When
In 2015.
Sweden
Why
Part1(para1)
Read paragraph 1, and find out the 5W1H.
She was awared for her discovery of qinghaosu to the fight against malaria.
Where
What is the writing type of this articles
Expository writing (说明文)
Novel
News report
Essay（散文/随笔）
Step 2: Structure of news reports
Read and match
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3-5
Para. 6
Tu Youyou won a Nobel Prize In 2015 for discovery of qinghaosu.
Tu Youyou and her team’s efforts finally paid off.
Tu Youyou and her team solved a lot of problems before they successfully discovered qinghaosu.
Tu Youyou acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
1. …malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
eg Illegal hunting is threatening the survival of the species.
【拓展】
survive v. 活下来，幸存
survivor n. 幸存者，生还者
非法狩猎正威胁到物种的生存。
【学法点拨】
survive——
refuse——
arrive——
approve——
v. + -al n.
refusal 拒绝
survival 幸存
arrival 到达
approval 赞成
A survive B (by xx years ) A比B活得长(多少年)
survive on 靠……生存下来
即学活用：
① How does the family survive such a small monthly wage
② It’s said that the woman survived her husband 10 years.
③
on
by
He survived the earthquake.
翻译：他在地震中幸存下来。
Life became a struggle for survival.
生活变成了一场争取生存的斗争。
2、In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.
在20世纪60年代, 许多人死于疟疾, 1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长, 这个小组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。
intend vi. &vt. 想要; 打算，计划; 意指
I intend you to come with me.
We intend that production will start next month.
我打算让你和我一起去。
我们打算下个月开始生产。
【拓展】
intention n. 意图, 目的; 打算
intended adj. 预期的, 有意的
have no intention of doing sth. 无意做某事; 不打算做某事
【归纳】
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
intend to do / doing sth. 打算做某事
be intended for 打算供……之用
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) The university is known for its language and culture courses _________ (intend) for international students.
2) I have no __________ (intend) of retiring.
3) I ______________________ as a volunteer in an environmental protection organization during the summer holidays
intended
intention
intend working / to work
我打算暑假期间在一个环保组织做志愿者。
3. Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
refer to:
①查阅，参考
eg He gave the speech without referring to his notes.
他不看讲稿发表了演讲。
我们同意永远不再提这件事。
②提到，谈及
eg We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
③涉及……；与……相关
eg The figures refer to our sales in Europe.
【拓展】
1) refer sth. to... 把……提交给……
refer to ... as 把……称为
2) reference n. 提及；谈到；参考；查阅
in/with reference to... 关于……
这些数字是我们在欧洲的销售额。
【语境应用】翻译下面句子。
1) I don't want to refer to this matter any more.
2) Refer to the dictionary when you don't know how to spell a word.
我再也不想提这件事了。
当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时，查阅一下词典。
4、Inspired by an over 1, 600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
据一本1600多年前的古籍记载, 古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物, 受此启发, 屠呦呦重新设计了实验, 为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分, 她尝试在低温下提取。
inspire vt. 鼓舞; 激励; 启发思考
How do you inspire your students to do their best
I inspired Tom with hope.
你如何激励你的学生们, 使他们发挥出最好水平呢
我用希望激励汤姆。
【词块积累】
(1)inspire sb. to do sth. 　 激励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth. 用……来激励某人
(2)inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的
(3)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的; 启发灵感的
(4) inspiration n. 灵感; 鼓舞
即学活用：
①His speech was so (inspire) that his students were inspired
(study) harder than ever before.
② (inspire) by my good friend, I intended to study abroad.
翻译： 没有灵感我写不出东西。
inspiring
to study
Inspired
I can not write without inspiration.
5、However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials beacuse research resoures were limited.
然而，由于研究资源有限，很难生产足够的青蒿提取物用于大型试验。
trial n. 试用，试验，审讯，考验，试用期 v. 测试，试验
Researchers are testing 67 vaccines in clinical trials on humans.
研究人员正在对67种疫苗进行人体临床试验。
She agreed to employ me for a trial period.
试用期
We had the machine on trial for a week.
试用
Everyone is expected to stand the trials of adolescence.
考验
The men were arrested but not brought to trial.
审判，审理
每个人都要经受青春期的考验。
这台机器我们试用了一个星期。
她同意试用我一段时间。
这些人被逮捕了，但没有受到审判。
5、However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials beacuse research resoures were limited.
然而，由于研究资源有限，很难生产足够的青蒿提取物用于大型试验。
limited adj. 有限的
Time is limited and let's come straight to the point.
The damage was limited to the roof.
be limited to 限定在……
时间有限, 我们开门见山吧。
损坏仅限于屋顶。
limitation n. 限制；控制
limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的
【拓展】
within limits 在某种程度上; 有一定限制
set a limit on 对……加以限制
beyond the limit 超过限度
n.
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) My wife and I __________ (定了一个限额) on how much we spend on clothes.
2) They told us that we could do whatever we liked,
___________________ (在一定限度内).
set a limit
within (certain) limits
6. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data.
postpone vt. 延迟，延期
eg They decided to postpone their holiday until next year.
他们决定将假期延后到来年。
postpone, put off
相同点 不同点
postpone 在表示“推迟某事”时，可以互换。如： The flight was postponed / put off due to bad weather. 由于天气不好，航班被推迟了。 postpone 动作主体是人，表示有意识地推迟，延迟的时间确定。如：
Because of heavy rain, we have decided to postpone our sports meeting until next Monday. 由于下大雨， 我们已经决定把运动会推迟到下周一。
put off put off 强调“拖延时间”，指因客观原因造成的拖延或主观上故意拖延。如：
You’re always putting off things. You should get rid of this bad habit.
你做事总是拖拉，你得克服这个坏习惯。
【语境应用】用postpone, put off的适当形式填空。
1) Our online meeting was __________________ for an hour by a power cut.
2) He _________________ going to Beijing for his holiday because an urgent thing had happened.
3) Don’t _________________ making the arrangements until the last minute.
postponed / put off
postponed
put off
不要把安排拖到最后一分钟。
7、To speed up the process and ensure its safety…
speed up: (使)加速
eg The truck speeded up going down the hill.
【反义短语】slow down 减速，慢下来
at a speed of 以……的速度
at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最快速
卡车在下山时加快了速度。
8、The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.
pay off:
①成功，凑效，达到目的
eg All her hard work paid off in the end, and she finally passed the exam.
她的所有努力最终有了收获——她终于通过了考试。
首先我要还清欠款。
② 付清（还清）债务
eg I'll pay off all my debts first.
③付清工资解雇某人
eg Two hundred workers have been paid off.
注意：
pay off 意为“取得成功；奏效”时，物作主语；
意为“偿清，付清”时，人作主语
两百名工人拿到工资被解雇了。
【拓展】pay短语
pay for sth. 为某事吃苦头或受惩罚; 花钱买某物
pay back 偿还; 报复
pay a visit to 访问
【语境应用】用pay的相关短语完成句子。
My hard work finally _________when they called me for an interview.
2) I will ___________ the book whatever the price.
3) How can I ________ you ________ for all your kindness
4) I _____________ Mr. and Mrs. Smith yesterday afternoon.
pay for
paid off
pay back
paid a visit to
9、More than 40 years after its dicovery, Tu was eventually awared a Nobel Prize for her work.
在发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。
award n. 奖; 奖品; 奖金 vt. 授予; 颁发; 奖励
They awarded the first prize to John.
Learning that he won an award for his album, the composer felt very proud of himself.
他们把一等奖授予约翰。
得知自己的专辑获奖后, 这位作曲家感到非常自豪。
【词块积累】
get/receive/win an award(for. . . ) 　 因……获奖
award sb. sth. =award sth. to sb. 授予某人某种荣誉
give sb. an award 给某人颁奖
10、Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
也许下一代科学家利用中医的智慧, 确实会发现更多有益于全球卫生保健的药物。
beneficial adj. 有益的; 有用的
To some extent, proper pressure is beneficial to our growth.
在某种程度上，适当的压力对我们的成长有利。
(2)benefit v. /n. 使受益/好处
benefit from/by 得益于……, 从……中受益
be of benefit to=be beneficial to 对……有益处
for the benefit of sb. =for one's benefit 为了某人的利益
即学活用：
(1)语法填空。
①It is said that yoga is of great benefit human health. In other words, we can benefit yoga.
②In fact, music education is (benefit) and important to all the students.
(2)Taking plenty of exercise can be (对……非常有好处) your health.
(3)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals (为了……的利益) all its citizens.
from/by
to
beneficial
of great benefit to
for the benefit of
Read the news report again carefully and fill in the table below.
P46 A2
Problems Solutions
The extracts failed to produce any promising results.
Tu and her team could not produce enough qinghao extract because research resources were limited.
Tu and her team did not have sufficient safety data to start trials on patients.
Tu Youyou referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again, redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the qinghao herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
Tu Youyou and her team managed to find solutions to the problem, e.g. using household water containers instead of research equipment.
Tu Youyou and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves.
Task 4
1971
1930
succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice
1951-1955
1969
1972
2015
born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province
studied medicine at university in Beijing
became head of a team that intended to find a cure for malaria
successfully discovered qinghaosu
won the Nobel Prize
Tu’s personal experiences
Read for time and details
1. What qualities did Tu Youyou show as a scientist Use details from the news report to support your ideas.
hard-working 勤勉的
after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract
collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes, made hundreds of extracts from different herbs
patient 有耐心的
worked day and night and their health began to suffer, but they never gave up
committed 尽心尽力的
volunteered to test qinghao extract on herselves
selfless 无私的
…
Traditional Chinese medicine
TCM has a history of More than 4,000 years.
T
C
M
中医
The history Chinese medicine
Diagnostic methods
look (望)
smell/hear (闻)
ask (问)
palpation (切)
Forms of TCM
traditional Chinese herbmedicine(中药 )
acupuncture and moxibustion (针灸)
Chinese Medical Massage(推拿)
cupping(拔罐)
qigong(气功)
skin scraping(刮痧)
food therapy(食疗)
B1
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
The passage below is about traditional Chinese plete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
In her Nobel Lecture, Tu Youyou (1) __________ the strengths of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and pointed out that there is great potential for future advances if scientists make good use of these strengths.
referred to
Building your language
Their efforts to conduct research in both fields may finally (2) ________. A good example to illustrate this point is the discovery of qinghaosu in 1972, which was (3) ________ as an effective treatment for malaria. The Chinese herb qinghao, from which qinghaosu comes, has been used to cure diseases for almost 2,000 years.
pay off
intended
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded
in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed (4) ___________. By then, the fight against malaria had achieved only (5) ________ success. Since the discovery of qinghaosu, the survival rate of malaria patients has increased by around 30%.
limited
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
experiments
Without her (6) _______ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. It is important that scientists draw on the (7) ________ of both fields. With (8) _________ research, many more medical discoveries like qinghaosu are likely to be made.
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
wisdom
sufficient
broad
The news report uses some abstract nouns. Note the following suffixes and think of more words formed with them. Then fill in the table below with as many words as you can.
Parts of speech Suffixes Words
Adjectives -dom
-ness
Verbs -al
-ance
-ure
Adjectives / Verbs / Nouns -age
freedom
arrival, approval, proposal, refusal
pleasure, exposure, closure
marriage, passage, percentage
usefulness, kindness, loneliness,happiness
acceptance, performance, assistance
The news report explains “malaria” and “qinghaosu” using noun phrases. Find these explanations in the news report and explain the two medical terms below using noun phrases.
You can use a noun phrase to explain a term, thus making it easier to understand. A comma or a dash is often put before the explanation.你可以用名词短语来解释一个术语，这样更容易理解。在解释之前经常加逗号或破折号。
Learn this
Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu – the most effective part of the qinghao extract.
aspirin
The doctor asked me to have a good rest and take some aspirin,
ICU
After surgery, the man was sent to ICU,
a medicine often used to treat pain and fever.
a department in a hospital that provides specialized treatment or care.
阿司匹林
重症加强护理病房