牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 2 The Universal Language Grammar and usage 课件(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
Grammar & Usage (I)
Verb-ing forms as subjects and objects
Unit 2 The universal language
Their stories can remind you of the phrase “bosom friend”.
知己
In China’s Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, there lived a man named Boya, who was a master of the qin. Playing the qin was his life. He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques. However, Boya believed no one could understand his music until he met Zhong Ziqi. Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind. When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly. In fact, Boya had intended to call the piece High Mountains and Flowing Water.
P20
A Exploring the rules
Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi. The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways, they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year. However, Zhong Ziqi failed to show up on that day. When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqi’s death, he was overcome with sorrow. He played High Mountains and Flowing Water in front of Zhong Ziqi’s grave. After he finished playing the piece, he destroyed the qin and said, “Since the only person that understands my music is gone, it’s no use keeping the qin.”
A Exploring the rules
P20
Lead-in
Read the story of Part A on Page 20 and fill the following table.
When In China’s (1) _____________________________________
Who Boya, (2) ____________________
Zhong Ziqi, Boya’s audience and friend
What happened Boya played the qin very well, but he believed no one could
(3) ___________________ until he met Zhong Ziqi.
Zhong was able to recognize the image in Boya’s piece of music: (4) ____________________________________.
They became great friends and agreed to meet the next year.
(5) ___________________ because Zhong Ziqi, the only person that could understand his music was gone.
Spring and Autumn and Warring States period
a master of the qin
understand his music
High Mountains and Flowing Water
Boya destroyed his qin
In China’s Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, there lived a man named Boya, who was a master of the qin. Playing the qin was his life. He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques. However, Boya believed no one could understand his music until he met Zhong Ziqi. Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind. When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly. In fact, Boya had intended to call the piece High Mountains and Flowing Water.
A Exploring the rules
P20
Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi. The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways, they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year. However, Zhong Ziqi failed to show up on that day. When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqi’s death, he was overcome with sorrow. He played High Mountains and Flowing Water in front of Zhong Ziqi’s grave. After he finished playing the piece, he destroyed the qin and said, “Since the only person that understands my music is gone, it’s no use keeping the qin.”
悲痛欲绝，不胜悲哀
A Exploring the rules
P20
Go through the story on page 20 again and find the sentences that use verb-ing forms as subjects or objects and fill in the table below. The first ones have been done for you.
A Exploring the rules
Verb-ing forms as subjects Playing the qin was his life.
Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, …
…, it’s no use keeping the qin.
Verb-ing forms as objects … everyone enjoyed listening …
Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, …
When Boya continued playing, …
…, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.
… before going their separate ways, …
After he finished playing the piece, …
A Exploring the rules
Working out the rules
When the verb-ing form is used as the subject of a sentence, we can sometimes use the preparatory subject (1) at the beginning of the sentence.
The verb-ing form can also be used as the object of a
(2) or a (3) .
verb
it
preposition
Work in pairs. Identify what verb-ing forms are used as in the following sentences.
Answering my emails takes all morning.
Losing a close game is always depressing.
I love learning about country music.
He is fond of reading novels.
as the subject
as the subject
as the object
as the object
Working out the rules
Go through the notes on page 94.
Working out the rules
概念
动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。
一. 动词-ing形式的时态和语态
______________ (wait) for his girlfriend, he walked around in a mysterious way.
______________ (wait) for his girlfriend for several hours, he finished a fantastic handicraft.
Waiting
Having waited
二、动词-ing形式作主语
动词-ing形式直接作主语表示抽象的概念，
通常直接置于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g.
Reading aloud is a good way in learning a language.
朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。
Getting up early is a good habit.
早起是一种好习惯。
2. 置于句末，用it作形式主语，多见于下面几个句型:
It is worth doing... 做.....是值得的
It + be + a waste of time doing.. 做.....是浪费时间的
It is/was no good/use doing... 做.....是没有用的
e.g.
It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.
谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
三、动词-ing形式作宾语的用法
1.有些动词和动词短语后常用动词-ing形式作宾语。如:
admit, appreciate, avoid, stand (忍受), miss, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, imagine, escape, excuse, suggest, feel like, finish, forgive, mention, mind, practise, get down to, give up, devote...to, insist on, keep (on), look forward to, pay attention to, put off, stick to, be accustomed/used to (习惯于)…
2.在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成
allow/advise/forbid/permit +
e.g.
They advise solving the problem in this way.
他们建议用这种方法解决这个问题。
We don’t allow anybody to smoke here.
我们不允许任何人在这儿吸烟。
sb. to do.
doing
3. 动词need，require，want意为“需要”时，后跟动词-ing形式的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。
need/require/want doing = need/require/want to be done.
e.g.
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
窗户需要擦了。
4. 在begin, start, continue, intend后用动词-ing形式和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。
begin/start/continue/intend to do/doing.
5. 有些动词，后接动词-ing形式作宾语，与用动词不定式作宾语意义大相径庭。
mean to do sth. 打算/意欲做......
mean doing sth. 意味着.....
forget to do sth. 忘记去做
forget doing sth. 忘记曾经做过......
go on to do sth. 完成某事后继续做另一件事
go on doing sth. 继续做原来的事
四、动词-ing形式的否定形式
动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。
e.g.
You have no excuse for not going.
你没有理由不去。
He was punished for not having done his homework.
他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。
动词-ing形式
作主语和宾语
作主语
作宾语
表示一种习惯、概念或经验
用it作形式主语及其常用句式形式
常用动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)
后接不定式和动词-ing形式意义不同的动词(短语)
Revision
B1 Circle the mistakes and write down the correct forms in the blanks. P21
1. Listen to music is my favourite thing to do.
2. I really enjoy to read biographies of musicians.
3. It’s no use try to play the violin if you’re not going to give it your best shot.
4. Would you mind to teach me how to play the guitar
5. These instruments were meant for play traditional Chinese music.
Listening
reading
trying
teaching
playing
Applying the rules
B2 Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
If you have to choose music from the Earth to send into space, what music do you think is capable of (1) ____________ (represent) mankind The sound of the Chinese qin is one answer to this question. In 1977, two spacecraft called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were sent out (2) _________ (explore) the solar system. On both spacecraft, there is a selection of music from our planet. (3) __________ (send) music into outer space was the idea of the famous scientist Carl Sagan, who believed intelligent life existed on other planets. The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space (if there is any). A group of scientists and artists got down to (4) _________ (choose) suitable music.
representing
to explore
Sending
choosing
Applying the rules
Of course, they had trouble (5) _______ (select) which pieces of music to include. In the end, 27 different pieces of music (6) ______ (last) 90 minutes were put on the spacecraft. China is represented by a recording of Guan Pinghu (7) _______ (play) an ancient piece called Flowing Water on the Chinese instrument qin. It is said that Boya wrote it.
It took about 40 years for the Voyager spacecraft (8) _______ (enter) the space between the stars. We do not know what will happen in the end, but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet.
selecting
lasting
playing
to enter
Applying the rules
Practice
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs below .(p64)
repair volunteer go be see change recognize watch protest come
___________ offers us a chance to help those in need.
We all think the sofa is perfect but he is considering ________it.
It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ________ for a swim
There’s no use __________. I won’t change my mind.
__________ kind and understanding is an important aspect of effective communication.
6. What I have to do now is ___________ my computer.
Volunteering
changing
going
protesting
Being/To be
(to) repair
7. I know ball games are good for health, but I prefer __________ football to playing it.
8. ___________ as different from other kids when I was very young had an effect on my later life.
9. We are going to have a party at the weekend to celebrate New Year and we are looking forward to your _________.
10. Many famous people wear sunglasses so that they can go to public places without _______________.
watching
Being seen
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs below .(p64)
repair volunteer go be see change recognize watch protest come
coming
being recognized
Practice
一、用正确的分词形式完成句子
1. Would you mind _________ (turn) down your radio a little, please
2. _________ (make) friends plays an important part in our life.
3. It is no use _________ (talk) with a person like him.
4. Yesterday, I had difficulty/trouble in __________ (hunt) for some important information on the Internet.
5. We all had a good time __________ (stay) at your home.
6. He usually spends his free time __________ (develop) his own hobby.
7. My dear child, don’t waste too much time just __________ (play) around.
8. ________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
turning
Making
talking
hunting
staying
developing
playing
Ignoring
二、选择最佳选项
1. Bill suggested ________ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold
2. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and ________ better ones of your own.
A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced
3. I read about your club in the evening paper today, and I’m phoning _________ out a bit more.
A. finding B. to find C. in finding D. find
4. I spent my last week in Rome _____ the teachers of the Art College and _______ pictures with them.
A. visited, took B. to visit, take C. visiting, to take D. visiting, taking
C
C
B
D
Mary’s ________ (be) late for class this morning made the teacher angry.
The two students who had broken the school rules were lucky enough to escape ________________ (punish).
They insisted on _______ another chance to try.
A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given
Tom was very unhappy for____________ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
Additional Exercises
being
being punished
C
D
Write down your favourite kind of music and share the reasons to your group members, using verb-ing forms correctly.
I like listening to pop music best because of the lyrics, which can be very inspiring. Buying newly-released albums of my favourite singers always excites me. On my way to school or back home, I usually listen to my collection, which makes the journey more relaxing. I spend most of my spare time enjoying music too, instead of watching TV or surfing the Internet. Playing some of my best-loved songs like “My Heart will Go on”, “Hero”, and “You raise me up”, really make my day.
Applying the rules
Homework
Finish the extra exercise on KKL