阅读表达专项复习
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课件40张PPT。阅读表达2014四川高考英语新题型专项复习Reading and Expression 阅读表达题是2014年四川高考新增题型，要求考生在读懂一篇300字左右的文章的基础上，用不超过所规定的字数，简要回答有关文章内容的5个问题，每小题2分。题型概述 阅读表达考查能力阅读理解能力书面表达能力 与传统的阅读理解不同的是，阅读表达题在考查考生阅读理解的基础上，增加了对书面表达能力的考查。也就是说，该试题既考查考生的语言输入，也考查语言的输出；同时，考生对问题的回答即语言的输出应建立在对文章内容理解的前提上。山东、江西、湖南、天津的高考阅读表达题主要有以下几种设题类型：
1. 简答题
2. 填空题
3. 翻译题
4. 同义句替换题1)细节设问题
2)主旨大意题
3)指代关系确认题
4)词义猜测或句意理解题
5)逻辑推理题
6)个人观点看法题补全文中空缺句子
短文转述填空设题类型设题类型2014四川高考阅读表达样题1. For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead?
(within 10 words)
2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (within 6
words）
3. According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after
GooseHead closed down? (within 10 words)
4. How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company?
(within 5 words)
5. What is the key to success according to Ashley?
(within 5 words)①五个小题均为特殊疑问句型的简答题；
②字数要求都在10个词之内；
③设问考查方向主要有两种，即主旨大意题和细
节设问题。一、主旨大意题常见提问方式：
1. What’s the best title of ...?
2. What is the purpose of ...?
3. What’s the main idea / topic / point of ...?
4. What does the passage mainly talk about？
Or: What’s mainly talked about in this passage?例1 [1]Fear and pain are two of the most useful things that human beings and animals have, if they are properly used. If .... Similarly, if.... Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which human beings and animals might soon die out.
[2] In our first sentence we suggested that fear should be properly used. If, for example, ...
[3] The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but to use fear as your servant and guide instead. Fear will warn you of danger; then you have to decide what action to take.
[4] In many cases, .... For example, ....
[5] In some cases, however ..., .... For example, ...Q: What’s mainly talked about in this passage? (within 15 words)A. Fear and pain are two of the most useful things.
B. Fear and pain are two guards.
C. Something about fear and how we can deal with fear. 断章取义，以偏概全。错误类型1温馨提示1关注文章体裁和篇章结构，分清主旨和细节。 英语文章的体裁不同，主旨大意呈现的方式往往也会不同。因此，解答主旨大意题时，一定要关注文章的体裁和篇章结构，分清主旨和细节，特别注意文章的首段和末段，每段的首句和末句，剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所使用的论据，找到各段的主题句，然后进行归纳、总结。例2 (2010山东) [1]One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways.
Q: What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words) Which is not suitable?
A. Eating dinner together benefits in many ways.
B. Families benefit from eating dinner together.
C. Having dinner together is beneficial to families.It lacks the key word “family”.概括过于笼统，缺乏针对性。错误类型2温馨提示2回答主旨大意题时要尽量使用文中高频出现的关键词句。大小写和标点符号错误。例3 You might be reading this article and saying, “Hey, that sounds just like me!” If so, we’re glad you recognize that this happens to you. Now you can start taking steps to lessen your test anxiety. Here are some ways to do that:
...Q: What is the best title of the passage?
(within 10 words)Which of the following are right?
A. Steps To Lessen Your Test Anxiety
B. Tips on Lessening Your Test Anxiety
C. How to Lessen Your Test Anxiety.
D. WAYS TO LESSEN YOUR TEST ANXIETYTo → toDon’t use “.”.错误类型3温馨提示3“标题”与“主题”小有不同：
1)“标题”具有概括性、醒目性和
简洁性，因此常用简洁的短语
归纳标题；而文章的“主题”常用
完整的句子，有时也可用短语。
2)标题的结尾一般没有标点符
号；而主题的结尾一般要打上
英文句点。3)书写标题时注意：第一个单词
的首字母和实词(名词、动词、
代词、形容词、副词等)的首字
母一般要大写，虚词(冠词、介
词、并列连词、不定式符号to)
一般不大写首字母；也可以将
所有单词的所有字母都大写。
而书写主题时：只需大写第一
个单词的首字母。本题型在阅读表达题中所占的比重最大，主要是根据文中的某个细节设问，以how, what, why提问的问题为主，间或也用when, where, which, who等提问。二、细节设问题Step 1: 浏览试题，找出试题关键词。
这样做，既可预测文章内容，又便于在阅
读文章时有的放矢查读有效信息，节省阅
读时间，提高阅读效率。
Step 2: 帯着问题速读文章，根据试题关键词定位
答题信息。
即：紧扣关键词，浏览全文，找出信息句。
阅读时，与关键词无关的句子或段落要速
读，而与关键词相关处要细读。
Step 3: 推敲理解信息句，遣词组句答题。
此步是答题关键，因为受词数限制，不能
全部用原信息句作答，需仔细推敲，提炼
概括出有针对性的语句作答。解题步骤错误类型1审题不清，造成答非所问。例4 ...She had only enrolled in the first place because her boss would offer her a promotion if she took a few accounting courses.
... She received the promotion as her boss promised and wasn’t planning to continue a degree. But a request from her father, who was dying of cancer, made her think twice.
Q: What had contributed to Kathy’s studying the
accounting program at Iowa State University?
(within 10 words)A. Kathy’s boss’ promise of offering her a promotion.
B. A request from her father.
C. Kathy’s boss’ promise and her father’s request.理解偏差，造成信息句定位错误。例5 ... People who work late should try to give
themselves a short break and do something restful
before going to bed. ... “When you put the light out,”
Dr. Winkle says, “concentrate on relaxing your
muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and
you’ll be asleep before you know it.
Q: What should people do before going to sleep?
(within 12 words)A. Try to give themselves a short break and do
something restful.
B. Concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working
slowly up from your feet.错误类型2例6 [5] Be motivated enough
... If you aren’t motivated enough, you won’t feel like working and productivity will have no meaning.Q: What makes you feel like working? (No more than 6 words.)Which of the following are right?
A. Being motivated enough.
B. Be motivated enough.
C. That you are motivated enough.
D. If you are motivated enough.答案与问题不协调一致。错误类型3例7 [5] Thanks to technologies, especially clean
technologies, a lot less pollution could be
produced. It is just a matter of cost.Q: Why could a lot less pollution be produced? (within 6 words)A. Thanks to technologies, especially clean
technologies.
B. Because of technologies, especially clean
technologies.例8 [5] ... A visit to local bird watching club websites
will give you a short list of recommended titles for
your region or planned vacation spot.Q: Where can you find information on books of
birding in certain areas? (within 6 words)A. Local bird watching club websites.
B. At local bird watching club websites.
C. To local bird watching club websites. 不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答，不能仅仅为了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形式上的对应。因此，在省略回答时，一定要保证同所问的问题结合在一起时能形成完整的句子。温馨提示4简略回答时一定要注意答案与问题的一致性。◆常见疑问句的回答形式如下：
1) 回答“目的”(purpose)时，一般用：
2) 回答Why ...?时，一般用：
3) 回答How ...?时，表方法、手段时一般用：
表“观点、看法或情感、情绪”时一般用：
4) 回答What (作主语) ...?时，一般用：
回答What(作宾语) ...?时，一般用：
5)回答when / where...?，一般用：
不定式短语。because从句、because of短语、不定式短语等。by doing sth. 形容词(短语)名词(词组) / -ing短语/ 主语从句等。完整句子或根据问题结构选用合适的词类。表时间或地点的介词短语。时态与题干不符合、字数不符合规定。例9 Unlike men, women stop for directions when they have no idea where they are going. ...
Q: What will female drivers do when they don’t know where to go? (within 8 words)A. They / Female drivers stop for directions.
B. They will stop to ask the way.
C. They will stop to make sure of the directions.如拼写错误、标点符号错误、大小写混乱、词性混用、主谓不一致等。错误类型4其它错误温馨提示51. 书写细节设问题的答案时注意：
A. 即使答案只有一个单词或短语，第
一个字母也要大写，而且别忘了句
末用英文句点。
B. 必须在规定的字数范围内书写答案。
2. 使用完整句子作答时注意：
主谓一致和时态尽量与题干的主谓结
构和时态一致。1) “加”：在处理信息时需要补充一些词汇才能把
意思表达清楚。例10 (12湖南) ... The manager expected a clean environment and, particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.Q: What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do? (No more than 14 words)Key: The manager particularly expected the workers to _____ fast service with a friendly smile.信息处理原则—— “加-减-变”【解析】原文中的expect sth.要调整为问题里的expect sb. to do sth.,因此添加了offer一词。offer例11 ... [5] Scores Help You Stand Out
TOEFL test scores help you stand out because of
the TOEFL test’s reputation for quality, fairness
and 100% academic content.Q: Why do the TOEFL scores help you stand out? (No
more than 6 words)Key: Because of the TOEFL test’s reputation.【解析】此答案为了满足字数要求去掉了
reputation后面与问题无关的修饰
成分。2) “减”：在处理信息时要能够找到句子的主干部
分、找准关键信息，去掉那些修饰部分
或变换一种更为简练的表达。例12 (13四川“联测促改”) ... Yark is the most
attractive of the Channel Islands, free from the
effect of motor cars, and all the noise and
disturbance of modern day life.Q: Why is Yark the most attractive of the Channel Islands according to Paragraph 1? (within 6 words)Key: Because it is ________. //
Because it is free from ________.【解析】此答案将信息句中的详细表达变换成了更为简练的表达，满足了字数的要求。naturalpollution3) “变”：在回答问题时要对信息句作出适当
的变化(包括人称、数和时态)。例13 (12湖南) From my first job at the restaurant,
I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned
staying positive no matter how rough things
seem to get. Q: What did the author learn from his first job? (No
more than 11 words)Key: He learned teamwork, devotion, staying
positive ________________.【解析】信息句为两个句子，但两个句子主谓
结构相同，因此只需保留一个主谓结构；另
外，还把状语从句简化成了介词短语作状语。in rough situations例14 (12山东)
[3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. Q: According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down? (no more than 10 words) A. She wrote a book (called The Goosehead Guide
to Life).
B. She was asked to write a book. 【解析】此答案针对问题结构，将信息句中的不重要信息即非限制性定语从句删掉，还把被动语态变成了主动语态。例15 (12湖南) Over the years later I still work at that
restaurant whenever I go home during vacations.
I love my co-workers there and all the customers
know who I am.
Q: Why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations? (No more than 13 words)Key: Because he loves his co-workers and all the
customers know who he is.【解析】原文采用了第一人称，但问题却用了
第三人称，因此回答该问题时要注意
人称和动词形式的变换。 压缩信息常见方法1) 采用缩写减少字数， 如：
could not = will not =
they will = it is / has =
2) 用单词代替短语，如：
例16 ①... A really fearless soldier is not a good
soldier because he will soon be killed; and a dead
soldier is of no use to his army.
Q: Why does the author say that a fearless soldier is
not a good soldier? (no more than 15 words)Key: Because a fearless soldier will be killed sooner and a dead soldier is ______.(of no use = useless)couldn’t
they’llwon’t
it’suseless②We are not in favour of smoking in public places.
③It’s time to put an end to racial discrimination.
④We can pay the goodness back indirectly.
We are against smoking in public places.It’s time to end racial discrimination.We can repay the goodness indirectly.◆not in favour of = against◆put an end to = end◆pay back = repay3)将从句压缩成单词或短语。
这里的从句主要指定语从句、状语从句和宾语
从句。
例17 ① (13四川“联测促改”) Yark has a quality which is quite special; this quality draws visitors back for their holidays, year after year.
Q: What draws visitors back to Yark according to Paragraph 2? (within 4 words)Key: A special quality.【解析】把定语从句压缩成单个形容词做定
语，并放在了所修饰词之前。② (13成都“二诊”) Then I went to the store and made the purchase. They made it pretty difficult because of a new process that had just been put in place.
Q: Why did the purchase become hard for the writer? (within 8 words)Key: Because a new process was put in place.【解析】将because of短语变成because从句，并简化了定语从句；另外，时态也根据题干做出了相应的调整。③The girl who was caught stealing was set free at
last. (9 words)
④While he was reading the book, he heard a loud
noise. (8 words)
⑤The little girl was so tired that she couldn’t go any
farther. (10 words)
⑥The bear wants to climb the tree in order that it can
get the apple on it.
⑦We all hope that we will be able to play games on
the sports field. (10 words)
The girl caught stealing was set free at last.Reading the book, he heard a loud noise.The little girl was too tired to go any farther.The bear wants to climb the tree in order to get ...We all hope to play games on the sports field.4)合并分句法:
把两个意义相关的简单句合并为一个简单句。
例18 The woman is our new director. She is wearing
red clothes. (within 9 words)The woman in red / wearing red clothes is our new director.5) 句型转换法：
要求学生对所学的句子结构和词形的变化做到概念清楚，运用准确。
例19 Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.
例20 No other flowers are as beautiful as this one at
the exhibition.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.This flower is the most beautiful one at the exhibition.1. How much time do you usually need to do it?
2. What steps do you usually follow?
3. Which of the following do you think is the most
difficult？
①understanding the passage
②finding the information
③answering the questions by processing(处理/加
工)the information you have found?
4. What mistakes do you usually make?
5. Do a set of exercises in Chuan Yue Gao Kao.Reflection and homework [1] Ashley Power’s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”
[2]So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called Goosehead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees. 附 2013四川高考样题 [3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All About Ashley,” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “ I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen — I didn’t even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you’d be stressed, too！“
[4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don’t listen when people tell you that you can’t do it, because I heard ‘no’ a lot. Just keep going until you hear ‘yes’!”1. For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead? (within 10 words) _________________________________________
__________
2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (within 6 words) ____________________________________
3. According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down? (within 10 words) ______________________________________________
4. How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company? (within 5 words) ________________________
5. What is the key to success according to Ashley? (within 5 words)
______________________________________________
____________________________
She wanted to create an interesting website for teenagers.Ashley’s GooseHead was a big success.She wrote a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life.She felt happy but stressed.Being strong / Having your dreams / Working hard at your dreams / Keeping on trying.
1. 简答题
2. 填空题
3. 翻译题
4. 同义句替换题1)细节设问题
2)主旨大意题
3)指代关系确认题
4)词义猜测或句意理解题
5)逻辑推理题
6)个人观点看法题补全文中空缺句子
短文转述填空设题类型设题类型2014四川高考阅读表达样题1. For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead?
(within 10 words)
2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (within 6
words）
3. According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after
GooseHead closed down? (within 10 words)
4. How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company?
(within 5 words)
5. What is the key to success according to Ashley?
(within 5 words)①五个小题均为特殊疑问句型的简答题；
②字数要求都在10个词之内；
③设问考查方向主要有两种，即主旨大意题和细
节设问题。一、主旨大意题常见提问方式：
1. What’s the best title of ...?
2. What is the purpose of ...?
3. What’s the main idea / topic / point of ...?
4. What does the passage mainly talk about？
Or: What’s mainly talked about in this passage?例1 [1]Fear and pain are two of the most useful things that human beings and animals have, if they are properly used. If .... Similarly, if.... Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which human beings and animals might soon die out.
[2] In our first sentence we suggested that fear should be properly used. If, for example, ...
[3] The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but to use fear as your servant and guide instead. Fear will warn you of danger; then you have to decide what action to take.
[4] In many cases, .... For example, ....
[5] In some cases, however ..., .... For example, ...Q: What’s mainly talked about in this passage? (within 15 words)A. Fear and pain are two of the most useful things.
B. Fear and pain are two guards.
C. Something about fear and how we can deal with fear. 断章取义，以偏概全。错误类型1温馨提示1关注文章体裁和篇章结构，分清主旨和细节。 英语文章的体裁不同，主旨大意呈现的方式往往也会不同。因此，解答主旨大意题时，一定要关注文章的体裁和篇章结构，分清主旨和细节，特别注意文章的首段和末段，每段的首句和末句，剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所使用的论据，找到各段的主题句，然后进行归纳、总结。例2 (2010山东) [1]One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways.
Q: What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words) Which is not suitable?
A. Eating dinner together benefits in many ways.
B. Families benefit from eating dinner together.
C. Having dinner together is beneficial to families.It lacks the key word “family”.概括过于笼统，缺乏针对性。错误类型2温馨提示2回答主旨大意题时要尽量使用文中高频出现的关键词句。大小写和标点符号错误。例3 You might be reading this article and saying, “Hey, that sounds just like me!” If so, we’re glad you recognize that this happens to you. Now you can start taking steps to lessen your test anxiety. Here are some ways to do that:
...Q: What is the best title of the passage?
(within 10 words)Which of the following are right?
A. Steps To Lessen Your Test Anxiety
B. Tips on Lessening Your Test Anxiety
C. How to Lessen Your Test Anxiety.
D. WAYS TO LESSEN YOUR TEST ANXIETYTo → toDon’t use “.”.错误类型3温馨提示3“标题”与“主题”小有不同：
1)“标题”具有概括性、醒目性和
简洁性，因此常用简洁的短语
归纳标题；而文章的“主题”常用
完整的句子，有时也可用短语。
2)标题的结尾一般没有标点符
号；而主题的结尾一般要打上
英文句点。3)书写标题时注意：第一个单词
的首字母和实词(名词、动词、
代词、形容词、副词等)的首字
母一般要大写，虚词(冠词、介
词、并列连词、不定式符号to)
一般不大写首字母；也可以将
所有单词的所有字母都大写。
而书写主题时：只需大写第一
个单词的首字母。本题型在阅读表达题中所占的比重最大，主要是根据文中的某个细节设问，以how, what, why提问的问题为主，间或也用when, where, which, who等提问。二、细节设问题Step 1: 浏览试题，找出试题关键词。
这样做，既可预测文章内容，又便于在阅
读文章时有的放矢查读有效信息，节省阅
读时间，提高阅读效率。
Step 2: 帯着问题速读文章，根据试题关键词定位
答题信息。
即：紧扣关键词，浏览全文，找出信息句。
阅读时，与关键词无关的句子或段落要速
读，而与关键词相关处要细读。
Step 3: 推敲理解信息句，遣词组句答题。
此步是答题关键，因为受词数限制，不能
全部用原信息句作答，需仔细推敲，提炼
概括出有针对性的语句作答。解题步骤错误类型1审题不清，造成答非所问。例4 ...She had only enrolled in the first place because her boss would offer her a promotion if she took a few accounting courses.
... She received the promotion as her boss promised and wasn’t planning to continue a degree. But a request from her father, who was dying of cancer, made her think twice.
Q: What had contributed to Kathy’s studying the
accounting program at Iowa State University?
(within 10 words)A. Kathy’s boss’ promise of offering her a promotion.
B. A request from her father.
C. Kathy’s boss’ promise and her father’s request.理解偏差，造成信息句定位错误。例5 ... People who work late should try to give
themselves a short break and do something restful
before going to bed. ... “When you put the light out,”
Dr. Winkle says, “concentrate on relaxing your
muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and
you’ll be asleep before you know it.
Q: What should people do before going to sleep?
(within 12 words)A. Try to give themselves a short break and do
something restful.
B. Concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working
slowly up from your feet.错误类型2例6 [5] Be motivated enough
... If you aren’t motivated enough, you won’t feel like working and productivity will have no meaning.Q: What makes you feel like working? (No more than 6 words.)Which of the following are right?
A. Being motivated enough.
B. Be motivated enough.
C. That you are motivated enough.
D. If you are motivated enough.答案与问题不协调一致。错误类型3例7 [5] Thanks to technologies, especially clean
technologies, a lot less pollution could be
produced. It is just a matter of cost.Q: Why could a lot less pollution be produced? (within 6 words)A. Thanks to technologies, especially clean
technologies.
B. Because of technologies, especially clean
technologies.例8 [5] ... A visit to local bird watching club websites
will give you a short list of recommended titles for
your region or planned vacation spot.Q: Where can you find information on books of
birding in certain areas? (within 6 words)A. Local bird watching club websites.
B. At local bird watching club websites.
C. To local bird watching club websites. 不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答，不能仅仅为了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形式上的对应。因此，在省略回答时，一定要保证同所问的问题结合在一起时能形成完整的句子。温馨提示4简略回答时一定要注意答案与问题的一致性。◆常见疑问句的回答形式如下：
1) 回答“目的”(purpose)时，一般用：
2) 回答Why ...?时，一般用：
3) 回答How ...?时，表方法、手段时一般用：
表“观点、看法或情感、情绪”时一般用：
4) 回答What (作主语) ...?时，一般用：
回答What(作宾语) ...?时，一般用：
5)回答when / where...?，一般用：
不定式短语。because从句、because of短语、不定式短语等。by doing sth. 形容词(短语)名词(词组) / -ing短语/ 主语从句等。完整句子或根据问题结构选用合适的词类。表时间或地点的介词短语。时态与题干不符合、字数不符合规定。例9 Unlike men, women stop for directions when they have no idea where they are going. ...
Q: What will female drivers do when they don’t know where to go? (within 8 words)A. They / Female drivers stop for directions.
B. They will stop to ask the way.
C. They will stop to make sure of the directions.如拼写错误、标点符号错误、大小写混乱、词性混用、主谓不一致等。错误类型4其它错误温馨提示51. 书写细节设问题的答案时注意：
A. 即使答案只有一个单词或短语，第
一个字母也要大写，而且别忘了句
末用英文句点。
B. 必须在规定的字数范围内书写答案。
2. 使用完整句子作答时注意：
主谓一致和时态尽量与题干的主谓结
构和时态一致。1) “加”：在处理信息时需要补充一些词汇才能把
意思表达清楚。例10 (12湖南) ... The manager expected a clean environment and, particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.Q: What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do? (No more than 14 words)Key: The manager particularly expected the workers to _____ fast service with a friendly smile.信息处理原则—— “加-减-变”【解析】原文中的expect sth.要调整为问题里的expect sb. to do sth.,因此添加了offer一词。offer例11 ... [5] Scores Help You Stand Out
TOEFL test scores help you stand out because of
the TOEFL test’s reputation for quality, fairness
and 100% academic content.Q: Why do the TOEFL scores help you stand out? (No
more than 6 words)Key: Because of the TOEFL test’s reputation.【解析】此答案为了满足字数要求去掉了
reputation后面与问题无关的修饰
成分。2) “减”：在处理信息时要能够找到句子的主干部
分、找准关键信息，去掉那些修饰部分
或变换一种更为简练的表达。例12 (13四川“联测促改”) ... Yark is the most
attractive of the Channel Islands, free from the
effect of motor cars, and all the noise and
disturbance of modern day life.Q: Why is Yark the most attractive of the Channel Islands according to Paragraph 1? (within 6 words)Key: Because it is ________. //
Because it is free from ________.【解析】此答案将信息句中的详细表达变换成了更为简练的表达，满足了字数的要求。naturalpollution3) “变”：在回答问题时要对信息句作出适当
的变化(包括人称、数和时态)。例13 (12湖南) From my first job at the restaurant,
I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned
staying positive no matter how rough things
seem to get. Q: What did the author learn from his first job? (No
more than 11 words)Key: He learned teamwork, devotion, staying
positive ________________.【解析】信息句为两个句子，但两个句子主谓
结构相同，因此只需保留一个主谓结构；另
外，还把状语从句简化成了介词短语作状语。in rough situations例14 (12山东)
[3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. Q: According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down? (no more than 10 words) A. She wrote a book (called The Goosehead Guide
to Life).
B. She was asked to write a book. 【解析】此答案针对问题结构，将信息句中的不重要信息即非限制性定语从句删掉，还把被动语态变成了主动语态。例15 (12湖南) Over the years later I still work at that
restaurant whenever I go home during vacations.
I love my co-workers there and all the customers
know who I am.
Q: Why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations? (No more than 13 words)Key: Because he loves his co-workers and all the
customers know who he is.【解析】原文采用了第一人称，但问题却用了
第三人称，因此回答该问题时要注意
人称和动词形式的变换。 压缩信息常见方法1) 采用缩写减少字数， 如：
could not = will not =
they will = it is / has =
2) 用单词代替短语，如：
例16 ①... A really fearless soldier is not a good
soldier because he will soon be killed; and a dead
soldier is of no use to his army.
Q: Why does the author say that a fearless soldier is
not a good soldier? (no more than 15 words)Key: Because a fearless soldier will be killed sooner and a dead soldier is ______.(of no use = useless)couldn’t
they’llwon’t
it’suseless②We are not in favour of smoking in public places.
③It’s time to put an end to racial discrimination.
④We can pay the goodness back indirectly.
We are against smoking in public places.It’s time to end racial discrimination.We can repay the goodness indirectly.◆not in favour of = against◆put an end to = end◆pay back = repay3)将从句压缩成单词或短语。
这里的从句主要指定语从句、状语从句和宾语
从句。
例17 ① (13四川“联测促改”) Yark has a quality which is quite special; this quality draws visitors back for their holidays, year after year.
Q: What draws visitors back to Yark according to Paragraph 2? (within 4 words)Key: A special quality.【解析】把定语从句压缩成单个形容词做定
语，并放在了所修饰词之前。② (13成都“二诊”) Then I went to the store and made the purchase. They made it pretty difficult because of a new process that had just been put in place.
Q: Why did the purchase become hard for the writer? (within 8 words)Key: Because a new process was put in place.【解析】将because of短语变成because从句，并简化了定语从句；另外，时态也根据题干做出了相应的调整。③The girl who was caught stealing was set free at
last. (9 words)
④While he was reading the book, he heard a loud
noise. (8 words)
⑤The little girl was so tired that she couldn’t go any
farther. (10 words)
⑥The bear wants to climb the tree in order that it can
get the apple on it.
⑦We all hope that we will be able to play games on
the sports field. (10 words)
The girl caught stealing was set free at last.Reading the book, he heard a loud noise.The little girl was too tired to go any farther.The bear wants to climb the tree in order to get ...We all hope to play games on the sports field.4)合并分句法:
把两个意义相关的简单句合并为一个简单句。
例18 The woman is our new director. She is wearing
red clothes. (within 9 words)The woman in red / wearing red clothes is our new director.5) 句型转换法：
要求学生对所学的句子结构和词形的变化做到概念清楚，运用准确。
例19 Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.
例20 No other flowers are as beautiful as this one at
the exhibition.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.This flower is the most beautiful one at the exhibition.1. How much time do you usually need to do it?
2. What steps do you usually follow?
3. Which of the following do you think is the most
difficult？
①understanding the passage
②finding the information
③answering the questions by processing(处理/加
工)the information you have found?
4. What mistakes do you usually make?
5. Do a set of exercises in Chuan Yue Gao Kao.Reflection and homework [1] Ashley Power’s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”
[2]So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called Goosehead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees. 附 2013四川高考样题 [3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All About Ashley,” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “ I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen — I didn’t even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you’d be stressed, too！“
[4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don’t listen when people tell you that you can’t do it, because I heard ‘no’ a lot. Just keep going until you hear ‘yes’!”1. For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead? (within 10 words) _________________________________________
__________
2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (within 6 words) ____________________________________
3. According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down? (within 10 words) ______________________________________________
4. How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company? (within 5 words) ________________________
5. What is the key to success according to Ashley? (within 5 words)
______________________________________________
____________________________
She wanted to create an interesting website for teenagers.Ashley’s GooseHead was a big success.She wrote a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life.She felt happy but stressed.Being strong / Having your dreams / Working hard at your dreams / Keeping on trying.