高二英语期末考试答案
一 听力（共20小题，每题1.5分，共30分）
1. What will the speakers do next
A. Visit a friend. B. Pick up Billy. C. Buy some beans.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Billy needs some beans for his science project at school. Maybe we can stop by a store on our way home.
W: Let’s go to Greens. It’s just around the corner.
M: Okay.
2. Who is Andy Clarks
A. A public librarian. B. A TV actor. C. A famous lawyer.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, Stephen, guess who I saw at the city library Andy Clarkes — the leading actor in The Good Lawyer — the famous TV series.
M: What was he doing there His popularity has slipped since the final season of the show.
3. What are the speakers talking about
A. Gifts for Jason. B. A baseball game. C. The woman's retirement.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: It seems as if everybody is talking about Jason’s retirement.
M: Yes, his office is filled with gifts. I gave him a T-shirt with a baseball pattern on it.
W: That’s nice. I’ll get him something this afternoon. Hope it’s not late.
4. What went on at Cooper's last night
A. A movie show. B. A birthday party. C. A sales promotion.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Did you go to Cooper’s last night
M: No, was there anything special
W: Yes, the employees dressed up as movie characters, and every customer received a discount card.
M: That was interesting.
5. What problem do the speakers have
A. They are late for work.
B. They get stuck in traffic.
C. They have lost their way.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Oh, the road is jammed with traffic again. We are going to be late for work.
M: Let’s make a U-turn at the next crossroads and try another way.
6. Where are the speakers
A. At home. B. At the office. C. At the airport.
7. How does Sara sound
A. Anxious. B. Surprised. C. Grateful.
【答案】6. C 7. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Do you think Janet could make it
M: I’m sure she can. Have you tried calling her
W: Yes, of course. But I can’t get through. The flight has already been called twice. What are we going to do Board without her I should have reminded her at the office yesterday. She may have totally forgotten it.
M: Take it easy, Sarah. Let me call her home number. Oh, there she is.
8. What made Miss Johnson choose teaching as a profession
A. Pressure from her family. B. Her passion for the work. C. A teacher's encouragement.
9. What does Miss Johnson think is the best part of her job
A. Being with children. B. Winning others' respect. C. Learning different things.
10. What does Miss Johnson want her students to become
A. Lifelong learners. B. Creative thinkers. C. Good communicators.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Welcome to our program, Miss Johnson. Congratulations on winning the Teacher of the Year award.
W: Thank you, Peter. I’m more than happy to be here.
M: What inspired you to be a teacher, Miss Johnson
W: Well, I’ve always loved to learn, but I’ve enjoyed teaching others even more. It’s in the family.
M: Could you tell us what the best part about your job is
W: Getting to know all of the different kids and communicating with them. I have always loved kids.
So, I will always enjoy that part of my job.
M: Then, what do you hope to achieve by being a teacher
W: My goal is to help my students develop awareness of their strengths, weaknesses, and learning needs, and to enable them to learn throughout their lives.
M: That sounds great.
11. What does Becky like about living with her parents
A. They have a big house.
B. They cook meals for her.
C. They pay all her expenses.
12. What does Ethan suggest Becky do regarding her mother
A. Have patience.
B. Provide company.
C. Express gratitude.
13. Why is Ethan concerned about his parents living on their own
A. They may feel lonely.
B. They may fail to get along.
C. They may have an emergency.
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Ethan, have you thought about getting your own house
M: Yeah. But I’m convinced my parents love having me back. What about you
W: Um... Not sure yet. Right now, I enjoy getting my meals cooked for me every day.
M: Do you pay a contribution to the house
W: Of course, I do. But it’s still much less than I would pay to live in my own flat. Right
M: Obviously.
W: The only thing I don’t like is that my mom wants to know every part of my life. Becky what are you doing tomorrow Where With whom The same questions every day.
M: Moms are like that. They ask because they care. You’ve got to be patient with them. My parents ask those questions too, but I may not move out soon. The thought of leaving them fills me with fear. What if one of them falls over What if they both have a fall together
W: That would be terrible.
14. Whose speech did the woman listen to this morning
A. John Miller's. B. David Thompson's. C. Allan Brown's.
15. What is the workshop in the afternoon about
A. Knowledge economy. B. Risk assessment. C. Employee motivation.
16. What does the woman say about her job
A It can be challenging. B. It is truly interesting. C. It will be rewarding.
17. What do the man and the woman both want to do
A. Apply for a new position.
B. Offer their staff a salary raise.
C. Improve their management skills.
【答案】14. B 15. C 16. A 17. C
【解析】
【原文】W: It’s a pretty good conference, huh
M: Yeah. All speakers are well-known and knowledgeable in the subject matter. Did you listen to
John Miller’s speech on how to avoid business risks this morning
W: No, I missed that one. I went to a speech at Alan Brown Hall. The speaker was David Thompson.
M: Oh, that should be a good one, too. I attended his lecture last year. By the way, there will be a workshop this afternoon on how to motivate employees. Are you interested
W: Sure. I was promoted to the position of manager a few months ago. And I have to manage a staff of 12 people. It can be quite a difficult situation sometimes. That’s why I am here today.
M: Same here. I only have seven people reporting to me. Yet, sometimes I feel like pulling my hair out. I need to find a way to create harmony within my department.
18. What does the speaker probably do
A. She's a medical doctor.
B. She's a fitness instructor.
C. She's a swimming coach.
19. What is a common workout mistake
A. Focusing only on building muscles.
B. Taking too many types of exercises.
C. Doing the same routine all the time.
20. How often does the speaker suggest people do hard workouts
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
【答案】18. B 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Welcome to Star Fitness Club. I’m Tina Harrison. Before you start, I’d like to offer you some tips. We all know that regular exercise is important, but few of us know how to exercise properly. I’ve seen many people make the same workout mistakes in this place. One mistake people often make is sticking to the same routine. It is not good for building up your muscles. I’d like to suggest that you change your routine every other month. What’s more, you can try different kinds of workouts, such as jogging, biking, or swimming. This can help keep your whole body in shape. Another mistake most people make is to workout intensely almost every day. You need to give your body a break, and allow time for the muscles to grow. It is not the harder the better. Two hard workout days every week is enough. If you really hate to skip a day, you can plan easy exercises on other days. However, experts’ suggestion is that you take one day off completely each week.
二 阅读理解（共15小题，每题2.5分，共37.5分）
A 21-23 ACB
A 代词指代题。根据文章标题 My Favourite Books---Posted by Catherine Chung. Agreat writer.<<我最喜欢的书>> 由Chung发布---一个伟大的作家。 可知，本文是以作家Catherine Chung为第一视角的记叙文，介绍她喜欢的书，因此文中的第一人称I，指的是Catherine Chung,故选A。
C. 推理判断题。根据Too much Happiness by Alice Munro介绍部分 Kovalevskaya was a 19th- century mathematician at a time when women were not allowed in most of Europe to attend university. She married a man who promised to take her to Germany to study .She made major contributions to the field and became the first woman in Russia to obtain a doctorate in mathematics.科瓦列夫斯卡纳是一名19世纪的数学家，当时大部分欧洲国家不允许女性上大学。她嫁给了一个答应带她去德国学习的人。她在这一领域做出了巨大贡献，成为俄罗斯第一位获得数学博士学位的女性。可知，Too Happiness 这本书是关于俄罗斯女数学家的先驱科瓦列夫斯卡纳的，故选C。
B. 细节理解题。根据Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang 介绍部分This collection contains several maths stories. 这本合集里有几个数学故事；The Housekeeper and the Professor by Yoko Ogawa介绍部分 It’s about a woman who comes to work for a once great mathematician. 故事讲的是一个女人为一位曾经伟大的数学家工作；Too much Happiness by Alice Munro介绍部分 Kovalevskaya was a 19th- century mathematician科瓦列夫斯卡纳是一名19世纪的数学家；The Ore Miner’s Wife by Karl Iagnemma介绍部分 It is about a miner who thinks he’s discovered the proof to the problem : construct a square, equal in area to a given circle.它是关于一个矿工的，他认为自己发现了问题的证明：构造一个正方形，面积等于一个给定的圆。可知，列出的书籍具有的共同点是他们都包括数学。故选B。
24-27 B ABB
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章通过会议与母亲在农场的生活来表达对逝去的母亲的怀念。
细节理解题。根据文章第二段There was nothing for a young girl to do but watch the one station on the old TV set.（一个年轻的女孩除了在那台旧电视上看一个频道外没有别的事可做。）可知C原因；We had a big wood stove in the kitchen that did its best to heat the little farmhouse, but it always seemed cold and too quiet for me.（我们的厨房里有一个很大的木质炉子，尽力为这个小农舍取暖，但我总觉得它又冷又静）以及 I still hate the silence of the farm. （我仍讨厌农场的寂静）可知A是不喜欢的原因；.The place was shabby, with no indoor pipes or heat. （这个地方是乡村风格，没有室内管道，也没有暖气）可知D是作者讨厌乡村的原因之一。故选B。
推理判断题。根据文章第四段 I still hate the silence of the farm. While my mom loved to sit at her kitchen table and look out at her garden and flowers and retell all the old stories, I missed the hustle and bustle of my life at home.But I sat there listening quietly as she recalled（我仍然讨厌农村的寂静。虽然妈妈喜欢坐在厨房的餐桌旁向外望去欣赏自己的花园和鲜花，讲述过去的故事但我却怀念城市的喧嚣。但是在她回忆着一切时，我还是静静的聆听）可知作者喜欢的生活和妈妈的截然相反。妈妈喜欢的是安静的生活，那么我怀念的是城市喧嚣的生活。因此选A。
细节理解题。根据地一段 My sweet mom went to be with her lord four years ago.（四年前我的妈妈去和主在一起了）可知，作者的妈妈四年前去世了。故选B。
主旨大意题。本文主要是作者在追忆自己的母亲。而其中最为突出的是和母亲一块儿唱儿歌的情景，所以标有Mom’s Song(母亲的歌）作为文章标题最为合适，故选B。
C 28-31 A D BB
【导语】本文是说明文。本文介绍了詹姆斯 韦布太空望远镜首次拍摄到了太阳系外的一颗行星的照片以及照片对于研究未知系外行星的意义。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Astronomers discovered HIP 65426 b in 2017 using the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in Chile. (天文学家于2017年在智利使用欧洲南方天文台的超大望远镜发现了HIP 65426 b)”可知，天文学家2017年在智利使用欧洲南方天文台的甚大望远镜发现了HIP 65426 b，故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“According to NASA, taking direct images of exoplanets presents a challenge because stars are much brighter than their surrounding planets — HIP 65426 b is more than 10,000 times duller than its host star in the near-infrared(根据美国国家航空航天局的说法，直接拍摄系外行星的图像是一项挑战，因为它的宿主恒星比周围的行星亮得多——HIP 65426 b在近红外波段比其主星暗10000多倍)”可知，很难直接拍摄HIP 65426 b的图像的原因是它的宿主恒星的光线太强了，故选D项。
30．词义猜测题。根据根据第三段“HIP 65426 b is more than 10,000 times duller than its host star in the near-infrared(HIP 65426 b在近红外波段比其主星暗10000多倍)”、第四段“Webb has a near-infrared camera and mid-infrared instrument, which are both equipped with coronagraphs(韦布有一个近红外相机和中红外仪器，这两个仪器都配备了日冕仪)”以及“the telescope can easily separate it from the star in the image(望远镜可以很容易地将它与图像中的恒星分开)” 可知，HIP 65426 b的宿主恒星太亮导致无法对它直接拍摄，下文说能够拍摄，由此可推理出日冕仪挡住了HIP 65426 b的宿主恒星的光线，划线词的含义应为“挡住”含义，故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are many more images of exoplanets to come that will shape our overall understanding of their physics, chemistry, and formation. We may even discover previously unknown planets, too(未来还有更多的系外行星图像，这些图像将塑造我们对其物理、化学和构成的整体理解。我们甚至可能发现以前未知的行星)”可知，Aarynn Carter 认为 HIP 65426 b的图像可用于探索其他系外行星，故选B项。
D 32-35 【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
七选五 （共5小题，每题2.5分，共12.5分）
36-40 . FCGBD
36上句提到健康生活通常是一件复杂且累人的事情，但不总是如此；下句提到为了孩子的健康是时候改变课堂环境了。由此可知，空处应与不复杂不累人以及孩子的健康有关。F现在有条件我们可以轻松做到的事情来保持孩子健康，承上启下，符合语境。
下句讲到久坐和成年后出现的健康问题有关。C项孩子们在学校里的大部分时间都坐在课桌旁与下句构成因果关系，符合语境。
上句讲到过去几年中，许多研究表明，学生使用站立式课桌时所体验到的运动范围扩大的好处出奇的多。下句讲的是好处之一。由下句中的Besides可知空处也是讲述学生使用站立式课桌时所体验到的好处之一。G项举例说明采用站立式课桌可以帮助孩子保持健康，避免其增重过多的好处，符合语境。
空前讲到站立式课桌进教室的好处很明显，空后提到否则站立时间长很可能会弄伤它们的肌肉。由此可知，空处应承上启下，且与站立式的课桌使用有关。故B项但是对孩子来说循序渐进地使用这些课桌很重要符合语境。
前面讲到坐不可怕，它不是一件我们绝不能做的事，问题在于我们坐的太多了，而且我们的孩子也是这样，这使得他们成功和健康的可能性变得更小。由此可知，空处应涉及具体的做法，故D项因此有必要用站立式课桌把座分散开来符合语境。
三 完形填空（共15小题，每题1分，共15分）
参考答案：
41．B 42．D 43．A 4 4．D 45．B 46．C 47．A 48．D 49．C 50．B 51．A 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己灭鼠的经历告诉我们解决问题之前要有耐心，不要仓促做决定。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：道路铺设好了，房子盖好了。A. reconstructed重建；B. laid铺设；C. widened加宽，拓宽；D. blocked堵住，挡住。根据上文中的“a wilderness behind our block was developed”及下文中的“houses were built”可知，此处指的是铺路。故选B。
42．考查动词短语辨析。句意：突然，我们开始注意到院子里的一些野生动物，在我家里，我经历了老鼠的入侵。A. take account of考虑到，顾及；B. take care of照顾；C. take charge of负责；D. take notice of注意到。根据下文中的“some wildlife in our yards and in my home, I experienced an invasion (涌入) of mice”可知，作者他们在院子里注意到一些野生动物。故选D。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不知道老鼠生活在荒地上——我以为它们只生活在城市里。A. uninformed无知的，不了解情况的；B. concerned担心的；C. curious好奇的；D. uncertain不确定的。根据下文中的“I had just thought they only lived in cities”可知，作者原先不知道老鼠能生活在荒地里。uninformed“无知的，不了解情况的”，符合语境。故选A。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们真的让我很烦，我想马上摆脱它们。A. protect保护；B. ban禁止；C. excuse为……找理由；D. spare使免受，免除。根据上文中的“They really annoyed me”和下文中的“So I turned to mouse poison”可知，作者想立刻摆脱它们。故选D。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被告知这种毒药会使老鼠口渴，它们会离开房子去找水。A. painful痛苦的；B. thirsty口渴的；C. weak虚弱的；D. frightened害怕的。根据下文中的“they would leave the house for water”和“I left a bowl of water outside”可知，作者被告知毒药会使老鼠口渴。故选B。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在外面放了一碗水，但第二天早上发现了许多死老鼠。A. new新的；B. fat胖的；C. dead死的；D. homeless无家可归的。根据下文中的“end their life”可知，第二天早上，作者发现碗旁边有许多死(dead)老鼠。故选C。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没打算结束他们的生命。A. intend打算；B. afford付得起；C. manage勉励完成；D. hesitate犹豫。根据上文中的“That wasn’t what I wanted”可知，作者没想杀死它们。故选A。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，老鼠继续从外面涌进来。A. fall下降；B. drop使落下；C. rush迅速移动；D. pour大量涌入。根据上文中的“an invasion(涌入)of mice”和下文中的“I researched the problem... I haven’t seen a mouse since”可知，与此同时，老鼠继续从外面涌入。故选D。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从中毒的意外后果中吸取教训后，我研究了这个问题。A. unavoidable不可避免的；B. unacceptable不能接受的；C. unexpected出乎意料的；D. unusual不同寻常的。根据语境可知，此处指从毒药的意外后果中吸取教训后，作者研究了这个问题。故选C。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我分析了大量的案例后，我了解到，把老鼠赶出我的房子的最好方法是清除入口。A. mind思想；B. knowledge知识；C. rescue营救；D. assistance帮助。根据上文中的“I researched the problem”和下文中的“the best way... a large number of cases”可知，此处指作者通过分析大量实例知道了把老鼠赶出家门的最好办法就是把入口清掉。come to sb.’s knowledge“被某人知道，被某人获悉”，符合语境。故选B。
51．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. get rid of除掉；B. make use of利用；C. pay attention to注意；D. give way to让步，给……让路。根据上文中的“I researched the problem”和下文中的“the best way... a large number of cases”可知，此处指作者通过分析大量实例知道了把老鼠赶出家门的最好办法就是把入口清掉。故选A。
52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我花了几周的时间，但我最终堵住了所有的开口，从那以后我再也没见过一只老鼠。A. accidentally意外地；B. Eventually最终；C. mistakenly错误地；D. Hopefully满怀希望地。根据上文中的“It took me weeks, but”及下文中的“blocked every opening”可知，虽然花费了好几周的时间，但作者最终(eventually)堵住了所有洞口。故选B。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都做过这样的事：在最激动的时刻做出草率的决定，结果却为自己的行为感到后悔。A. regret后悔；B. ignore忽视；C. anticipate期待；D. explain解释。结合上文作者的经历及感受可知，此处指我们都有过这样的经历：一时冲动作出了轻率的决定，结果却为我们的行为感到后悔。故选A。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：下次遇到问题时，要有耐心，而不是马上采取行动。A. expectation期待；B. wisdom智慧；C. patience耐心；D. imagination想象力。根据下文中的“instead of acting right away”可知，此处指要有些耐心(patience)。故选C。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你仔细考虑一下，你会找到一个更好的解决办法。A. situation情况；B. opportunity机会；C. replacement替代物；D. solution解决办法。根据语境及常识可知，如果你仔细考虑一下的话，你会找到更好的解决办法。solution“解决办法，处理手段”，符合语境。故选D。
四 语法填空（共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）
【答案】56. and 57. originally 58. surrounded 59. were permitted 60. featured
61. spacious 62. simpler 63. as 64. events 65. the
【解析】
【原文】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。
【56题详解】
考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
【57题详解】
考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
【59题详解】
考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
【60题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
【62题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
【64题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。
【65题详解】
考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
五 应用文写作（15分）
【答案】Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3. I think it’s not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.
My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together.
Thank you for considering my suggestion.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇是应用文写作，要求考生给外教写一封邮件，告诉他将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
首先：to begin with → first of all
提高：improve → progress
建议：suggestion → advice
选择：choose → select
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.
拓展句：My suggestion is that we are supposed to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve.（运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]
Besides, Students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.（运用了省略句和who引导定语从句）
六 读后续写（25分）
One possible version:
【答案】A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. “I knew you’d win! I am proud of you. You made it!” he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. I said, “It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher. Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn’t have written this article. Again thank you very much!”
I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing.” “You know I didn’t like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works.” I said seriously. Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer. I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者上中学的时候，社会学老师邀请作者参加一个写作比赛。作者不喜欢写作，于是想都没想就拒绝了。但是在老师的鼓励下，作者同意试一试。作者在写作过程中虽然很累，但是没有放弃，坚持下来了。在作者最终完成写作时，作者感到写作让他很快乐，他已经不在乎输赢了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几个星期后，当我几乎忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息。”和第二段首句“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室。”可知，第一段可描写作者获得比赛一等奖，在颁奖典礼上作者表达了对社会老师的感激。
②由第二段首句内容“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室。”可知，第二段可描写老师鼓励作者继续写作，自此作者坚持写作取得了成功，作者将这一切归功于自己的老师。
2.续写线索：比赛消息传来——作者获奖——高兴——颁奖典礼感谢老师——颁奖后来到老师办公室——老师告诉作者坚持写作——作者表达了对写作的喜爱——作者写作取得了成功——感激老师
3.词汇激活
行为类
①告知：inform/tell
②成功做到：make it/succeed
③表达：express/convey
情绪类
①高兴的：happy/glad
②激动地：excitedly/with excitement
【点睛】[高分句型1] I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. （运用了由连接词that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2] It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher.（运用了强调句）
[高分句型3] I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句）双鸭山市部分中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
注意事项：
1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
19.15. B. 9.18. C .9.15.
1. What will the speakers do next
A. Visit a friend. B. Pick up Billy. C. Buy some beans.
2. Who is Andy Clarks
A. A public librarian. B. A TV actor. C. A famous lawyer.
3. What are the speakers talking about
A. Gifts for Jason. B. A baseball game. C. The woman's retirement.
4. What went on at Cooper's last night
A. A movie show. B. A birthday party. C. A sales promotion.
5. What problem do the speakers have
A. They are late for work.
B. They get stuck in traffic.
C. They have lost their way.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第六段材料，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. Where are the speakers
A. At home. B. At the office. C. At the airport.
7. How does Sara sound
A. Anxious. B. Surprised. C. Grateful.
听第七段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What made Miss Johnson choose teaching as a profession
A. Pressure from her family. B. Her passion for the work. C. A teacher's encouragement.
9. What does Miss Johnson think is the best part of her job
A. Being with children. B. Winning others' respect. C. Learning different things.
10. What does Miss Johnson want her students to become
A. Lifelong learners. B. Creative thinkers. C. Good communicators.
听第八段材料，回答第11至第13题。
11. What does Becky like about living with her parents
A. They have a big house.
B. They cook meals for her.
C. They pay all her expenses.
12. What does Ethan suggest Becky do regarding her mother
A. Have patience.
B. Provide company.
C. Express gratitude.
13. Why is Ethan concerned about his parents living on their own
A. They may feel lonely.
B. They may fail to get along.
C. They may have an emergency.
听第九段材料，回答第14至第17题。
14. Whose speech did the woman listen to this morning
A. John Miller's. B. David Thompson's. C. Allan Brown's.
15. What is the workshop in the afternoon about
A. Knowledge economy. B. Risk assessment. C. Employee motivation.
16. What does the woman say about her job
A. It can be challenging. B. It is truly interesting. C. It will be rewarding.
17. What do the man and the woman both want to do
A. Apply for a new position.
B. Offer their staff a salary raise.
C. Improve their management skills.
听第十段材料，回答第18至第20题。
18. What does the speaker probably do
A. She's a medical doctor.
B. She's a fitness instructor.
C. She's a swimming coach.
19. What is a common workout mistake
A. Focusing only on building muscles.
B. Taking too many types of exercises.
C Doing the same routine all the time.
20. How often does the speaker suggest people do hard workouts
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
My favourite books
----- Posted by Catherine Chung, a great writer
Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang
This collection contains several maths stories. The one I recommend is Division By Zero,about Jane Parkinson , a brilliant German mathematician. To her great despair, she ends up proving that mathematics is inconsistent and is able to prove that any two numbers are equal . A beautiful , thought- provoking(发人深省的）story about belief ,understanding and faith.
The Housekeeper and the Professor by Yoko Ogawa
It’s about a woman who comes to work for a once great mathematician. Due to a brain injury , he has only 80 minutes of memory available to him before he forgets everything. It is filled with beautiful maths ,simply and clearly described alongside finely drawn relationships between characters.
Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro
Kovalevskaya was a 19th- century mathematician at a time when women were not allowed in most of Europe to attend university. She married a man who promised to take her to Germany to study .She made major contributions to the field and became the first woman in Russia to obtain a doctorate in mathematics.
The Ore Miner’s Wife by Karl Iagnemma
It is about a miner who thinks he’s discovered the proof to the problem : construct a square, equal in area to a given circle. His wife , not knowing what has suddenly taken his attention and his time, fears he is being unfaithful. A moving exploration of the joys of entering a problem whole and the desire and impossibility of truly knowing those we love.
21.What does “I” refer to in paragraph 1
A.Catherine Chung. B. Ted Chiang.
C. Jane Parkinson. D. Yoko Ogama.
22.Which book is about a pioneering Russian woman mathematician？
A.Stories of Your Life and Others B. The Housekeeper and the Professor
C Too Much Happiness D. The Ore Miner’s Wife
23.What do the listed books have in common
A.They tell love stories. B. They involve mathematics.
C They explore human relationship. D. They reveal people’s inner world.
B
My sweet mom went to be with her lord four years ago. She did it her way.
I got the call at work , and I headed home quickly.Mom and Dad lived on a small farm that they have owned since I was seven. I hated going there every weekend.There was nothing for a young girl to do but watch the one station on the old TV set.The place was shabby, with no indoor pipes or heat. We had a big wood stove in the kitchen that did its best to heat the little farmhouse, but it always seemed cold and too quiet for me.
My mom, on the other hand , loved the peace and quiet of the land and loved to work in the garden among her flowers and vegetables. In the evening, my mom and I would sit for hours singing in the little kitchen.I sang the melody and mom harmonized. Her favourite song was “Moon River” and we sang it over and over. Mom told me stories about how when I was a little girl , I could sing before I could talk. She loved to tell me over and over again that my playpens(婴儿床） was then placed in the kitchen next to the radio and there was one song I particularly loved called “Ivory Tower”.
As time passed,I had my own children and being a mother myself just allowed me to visit them every week or two. The kids loved the farm and the tractor rides with my dad. Me, well, I still hate the silence of the farm. While my mom loved to sit at her kitchen table and look out at her garden and flowers and retell all the old stories, I missed the hustle and bustle of my life at home.But I sat there listening quietly as she recalled.
Now , I sat back in the silence and the silence was deafening so I finally leaned over to turn on an old radio. Music always comforted me.
My heart skipped a beat. “Moon River”was playing on the radio. I sat there stunned, with a tear running down my cheek, as I listened to every familiar note.
Then the radio announcer came on . “Here’s one we haven’t heard in a while,” and an unfamiliar song began. I began to cry harder as I heard the words sung over the airwaves. “Come down, come down from your Ivory Tower....”.
24.The writer didn’t like staying in the farm for the following reasons EXCEPT that ___________.
A.it was always too cold and quiet
B.she couldn’t watch any TV program
C. there was nothing more that could make her excited.
D.life on the farm was too dull for a young girl of her age.
25.What does the underlined phrase refer to
A. the busy and noisy B. the simple and easy
C the slow-paced and comfortable D. the old-fashioned and classic
26.According to the text, we can infer that __________________
A. the writer’s kids hate the farm as she does
B. the writer’s mother passed away four years ago
C.the writer’s father worked as a tractor driver for a living
D.the writer has been living together with his parents since she was 7
27.Which of the following would be the best title for the text
A.Cherish Life B. Mom’s Song
C. Our Small Farmhouse D.My happy Childhood
C
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has taken its first image of a planet outside of our solar system. The telescope recorded four different views of HIP 65426 b, a large planet about 6 to 12 times the mass of the planet Jupiter.
“This is a historic moment, not only for Webb but also for astronomy generally,” said Sasha Hinkley, associate professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Exeter. Astronomers discovered HIP 65426 b in 2017 using the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in Chile. It is a young exoplanet (系外行星) around 15 to 20 million years old — Earth is 4.5 billion years old.
According to NASA, taking direct images of exoplanets presents a challenge because stars are much brighter than their surrounding planets — HIP 65426 b is more than 10,000 times duller than its host star in the near-infrared (近红外光), and a few thousand times duller in the mid-infrared.
Webb has a near-infrared camera and mid-infrared instrument, which are both equipped with coronagraphs (日冕仪). “It was really impressive how well the Webb coronagraphs worked to suppress the light of the host star,” Prof. Hinkley said. Since the planet is around 100 times further away from its host star than Earth is from the Sun, the telescope can easily separate it from the star in the image.
Although this is not the first direct image of an exoplanet taken from space, as the Hubble Space Telescope has taken direct exoplanet images previously, the image points the way to future observations that will disclose more information about exoplanets. “I think what’s most exciting is that we’ve only just begun,” said Aarynn Carter, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California. “There are many more images of exoplanets to come that will shape our overall understanding of their physics, chemistry, and formation. We may even discover previously unknown planets, too.”
28．What can be inferred about HIP 65426 b
A．It was first observed in Chile. B．It is a planet of the solar system.
C．It is about the size of Jupiter. D．It has a longer history than Earth.
29．Why is it hard to take direct images of HIP 65426 b
A．It’s very close to its host star. B．Infrared cameras can’t spot it.
C．It’s surrounded by other planets. D．The light of its host star is too strong.
30．What does the underlined word “suppress” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Strengthen. B．Block. C．Identify. D．Adjust.
31．What does Aarynn Carter say about the image of HIP 65426 b
A．It is the only image of exoplanets. B．It is useful in exploring other exoplanets.
C．It provides details of the exoplanet. D．It helps understand the solar system better.
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
34. What did the follow-up study focus on
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.
35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两个选项为多余选项。
It is often a complex and tiring task to live a healthy life, but that isn’t always the case.36___________
It’s time to change the classroom environment for the health of the children.
37____________It’s not surprising that sitting for long as a child is associated with health problems as an adult.Fortunately , there’s a simple ,overlooked solution to these problems--- standing classrooms.
Over the last few years , a number of studies have shown that the benefits of the increased range of movements students experience when using standing desks are surprisingly broad.38____________ Besides, standing desks encourage higher levels of teamwork and participation among students.Standing desks also help to reduce the risk of some diseases. They can help to prevent fatness, heart disease and low spirits.Sedentary(久坐的）lifestyles are a major reason why teenagers suffer from poor mental health, while higher activity levels reduce the chances of a child experiencing such an illness.
The benefits of bringing standing desks into classrooms are obvious.39__________Otherwise they will likely hurt their muscles when standing for a long time. Standing desks usually offer a full range of motion, which includes the option to sit or lean (倾斜身体） without losing eye-level of the rest of the class, and that full range of motion is important.
Sitting isn’t horrible.It isn’t a thing we should never do. The problem is that we do it too much, and so do our children, which makes children less likely to succeed and keep healthy.40_____________
It is time for us to stand up to stay healthy.
But it is important for children to use them gradually.
Children spend most of their school day sitting at desks.
Thus it’s necessary to break up the sitting with standing desks.
Something as cheap as a desk could be making a major difference.
Right now there is something we can do easily to keep our children healthy.
For example , they help students keep fit and avoid putting on too much weight.
语言运用 （共两节，满分 30分）
第一节 完形填空（共 15小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Several years ago, a wilderness behind our block was developed. The roads were 41 , and houses were built. Suddenly, we started taking 42 of some wildlife in our yards and in my home, I experienced an invasion (涌入) of mice.
I was 43 about mice’s living in wastelands — I had just thought they only lived in cities. They really annoyed me and I wanted to 44 myself from them immediately. So I turned to mouse poison. I was told the poison would make mice 45 , and they would leave the house for water. I left a bowl of water outside but found many 46 ones the next morning. That wasn’t what I wanted. I didn’t 47 to end their life. In the meantime, mice continued to 48 in from outside. Having learned from the 49 consequence of poisoning, I researched the problem. It came to my 50 that the best way to keep mice out of my house is to 51 the entry points after I analyzed a large number of cases. It took me weeks, but I 52 blocked every opening, and I haven’t seen a mouse since.
We’ve all done it: made rash (轻率的) decisions in the heat of the moment, only to 53 our action. Next time a problem occurs, have some 54 instead of acting right away. Should you think it over, you can find a better 55 .
41．A．reconstructed B．laid C．widened D．blocked
42．A．account B．care C．charge D．notice
43．A．uninformed B．concerned C．curious D．uncertain
44．A．protect B．ban C．excuse D．spare
45．A．painful B．thirsty C．weak D．frightened
46．A．new B．fat C．dead D．homeless
47．A．intend B．afford C．manage D．hesitate
48．A．fall B．drop C．rush D．pour
49．A．unavoidable B．unacceptable C．unexpected D．unusual
50．A．mind B．knowledge C．rescue D．assistance
51．A．get rid of B．make use of C．pay attention to D．give way to
52．A．accidentally B．eventually C．mistakenly D．hopefully
53．A．regret B．ignore C．anticipate D．explain
54．A．expectation B．wisdom C．patience D．imagination
55．A．situation B．opportunity C．replacement D．solution
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
During China's dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing _56_ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term“hutong”, _ 57_ (original) meaning“water well”in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, _58_ (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes _59_ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often _60_ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by _61_ (space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and _62 _ (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing's long history _ 63_ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic _64_ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _65_ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
第四部分 写作（共两节 ,满分40）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明问题；
2. 提出建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice.
What did the horse think, as he sped through the night Did he get tired Have doubts Did he want to quit I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere’s horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win, I wouldn’t care.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.
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