Unit 5 What are the shirts made of 单元语法与话题写作讲与练

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 What are the shirts made of
单元语法习作专练
一般现在时的被动语态
1.被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式,用于说明主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态中的执行者可由介词by引出。如:
Lots of students love this English song.(主动语态,句子的主语Lots of students是动作love的执行者)
This English song is loved by lots of students.(被动语态,句子的主语This English song是动作love的承受者)
2.一般现在时的被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,其中的助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。一般现在时的被动语态的各种句式如下:
句式 构成 例句
肯定 句 主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词(+其他). English is widely used all over the world.
否定 句 主语+am/is/are+not+及物动词的过去分词(+其他). The uniforms are not worn by students every day.
一般 疑问句 Am/Is/Are+主语+及物动词的过去分词(+其他) Are you asked to stay at home alone
3.主动语态变被动语态的方法
把主动语态的句子转换为被动语态的句子,需遵循以下几个步骤:
(1)变换主语:把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语。若宾语是人称代词,应该把宾格变为主格。
(2)变换谓语:把主动语态中的谓语变成被动语态结构(be+及物动词的过去分词),注意时态不能变。
(3)用by短语表示动作的执行者:原来主动语态中的主语放在by后,用以说明动作的执行者,如果不需要说明,也可省略。
4.注意事项
(1)动词短语如talk about,pay attention to,take care of等在变为被动语态时,其中的介词不可漏掉。
(2)在主动语态的句子中,感官动词和使役动词后面接省略to的动词不定式;但在变为被动语态时,不能省略to。
【对点集训】
一、根据语境,用所给词的适当形式填空
1.English ______ (learn) as a foreign language in most of Chinese schools.
2.The dogs______ (take) good care of by my mother.
3.Usually,my homework______ (not do) in the afternoon.
4.Are the flowers ______ (water) every day
5.Computers ______ (not sell) well in that shop.
二、根据汉语意思和提示词完成句子
1.英语老师经常使用录音机。(use)
Recorders______ often ______ by English teachers.
2.你的手机是在中国制造的吗 (make)
Is your mobile phone______ ______ China
3.我们的教室每天都打扫。(clean)
Our classroom ______ ______ every day.
4.这些衬衫是丝绸制成的。(make)
These shirts ______ ______ ______ silk.
5.大家都喜欢这本书。(like)
The book______ ______ by everyone.
【单元写作专项】
主题:人与社会之科学与技术,涉及子主题“科学技术与工程”。
内容:描述产品的制作过程、外观特征和象征意义。
要求:正确使用一般现在时的被动语态。
【典例研磨】
请你以“Chinese Xuan Paper”为题,写一篇不少于100词的英语短文,介绍中国宣纸。
Place 安徽泾县
Materials used 竹子,青檀(qingtan),稻草(rice straw)
How to make 手工制作,十八道工序(procedure),约一年时间
Be used for 最好的书画(calligraphy and paintings)用纸
Features 植物的气味(smell),深受文人墨客(poets and writers)喜爱,久存不坏
Step 1:审题·研要求
1.人称:第三人称为主
2.时态:一般现在时为主
3.核心:介绍中国的宣纸
Step 2:列纲·研结构
Step 3:润色·磨篇章
Chinese Xuan Paper Chinese Xuan Paper has a history of over 1,500 years.① The best Chinese Xuan Paper is produced in Jing county②, Anhui. It is made from bamboo, qingtan, rice straw and so on.People can smell pleasant smell of plants when using it.③ 　　It is made by hand only.④ Besides, it needs 18 procedures to make a perfect piece of Xuan Paper. So it takes about one year to complete everything.⑤ Xuan Paper is the best paper for calligraphy and paintings so it is always loved by poets and writers. What’s more, it can be kept and remained for many years. In a word, Chinese Xuan Paper is thought to be one of the greatest treasures in China.⑥ And it shows the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty. ①开篇点题,总述宣纸历史悠久。
②运用本单元所学的一般现在时的被动语态表达产地,学以致用。 ③使用系动词smell表达特性。 ④使用 by 短语,恰当说明其制作方式。 ⑤运用“It takes some time to do sth.”句式,增强表达效果。 ⑥用in a word引出总结,简明扼要。
【实战写作】
　　假如你是韩梅,远在美国的笔友Linda给你写信了,信中,Linda向你了解中国有什么著名小吃。请根据表格提示给Linda回信。
民间小吃 糖葫芦(tanghulu)
原料 山楂(haw),有些地方的糖葫芦用草莓、葡萄,甚至小苹果等制成
历史渊源 据说(It is said that...),宋代(the Song Dynasty)一位皇帝的妻子曾因吃了糖葫芦治好了病,因此流传下来
象征 幸福和团圆
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参考答案
一、根据语境,用所给词的适当形式填空
1. is learned
2. are taken
3. isn’t done
4. watered
5. don’t sell
二、根据汉语意思和提示词完成句子
1. are used
2. made in
3. is cleaned
4. are made of
5. is liked
【实战写作】
Dear Linda,
　　You asked me what famous snacks there were in my country.Well, our country is famous for a special snack—tanghulu.
　　Each different part of China has different tanghulu.It is usually made of haws, which are put together on a stick and covered with ice sugar.But there are more materials for tanghulu today in some places, such as strawberries, grapes, and even little apples.
　　It is said that tanghulu ever saved the life of an emperor’s wife in the Song Dynasty.It was so delicious and healthy that many Chinese people like eating it. It is now seen as the bright symbols of happiness and reunion.
Yours,
Han Mei
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)