2024届高考英语复习：Word Formation构词法课件(共47张PPT)

(共47张PPT)
A guide to word formation
构词法
Why do we learn word formation
Because it creates a sea of words.
……
木---杨、榕、桂、杉
钅---铁、钉、钱、银
讠---说、话、讲、谈
In Chinese,
In English，
构词法
派生法（Derivation）
合成法(Compounding)
转化法（Conversion）
缩略法（Abbreviation）
adding a prefix or suffix
changing the part of speech
combining two or more words
shortening some words
派生法（Derivation）
Prefix
前缀
Root
词根
Suffix
后缀
Derivation（派生）
a new word
unbelievable
able
un
词根 root
前缀 prefix
后缀 suffix
What prefixes and suffixes have we learnt
un-
否定前缀
dis-
in-
im-
mis-
non-
understand
polite
smoker
agree
fair
visible
前缀 含义 例词
rewrite;remarry,rethink
ex-husband; ex-lover
foreword（前言）; forethought(先见)
post-reading; post-election;
post-war
pre-reading, pre-prepared, pre-adolescent
midnight, midsummer, midautumn
前缀 含义 例词
re- rewrite;remarry,rethink
ex- ex-husband; ex-lover
fore foreword（前言）; forethought(先见)
post post-reading; post-election;
post-war
pre- pre-reading, pre-prepared, pre-adolescent
mid- midnight, midsummer, midautumn
time and order
again, back
former
before
after
before
middle
前缀 含义 例词
trans translate,transport
inter- international; internet
ex- export, exit
fore forehead, forearm, foreleg
under underground, underline
in,im- inside, import
from one place to another
between,among
out
front part of
below
Locative
前缀 含义 例词
mono monologue(独白)，
bi- bicycle,bilateral(双边的，双方的)
tri- triangle（三角形）, tricolor
semi- semicircle（半圆）; semifinal（半决赛）;
multi- multi-national; multi-media; multi-cultural
Number
one
two
three
half
many
前缀 含义 例词
mini- mini-bus; mini-bike;mini-camera
over- over-anxious; over-active;over-confident
extra- extra-solar; extra-curriculum;
micro- microfilm; microcomputer
super- supermarket; superpower, superman,
little
excessive过于
(beyond
超出范围...以外)
very small
more than, beyond
Degree or Size
2.suffixes
Noun
后缀 例词
+er teacher, worker, reader,farmer, writer
+or doctor, visitor, actor, inventor
+ess actress, hostess,waitress
+ist scientists, artist, dentist
+ar beggar
+ese Chinese, Japanese,
+ian musician, physician(医生)
people
前缀 例词
v. + ment argument; judgment; entertainment;
-ness happiness; illness
-ship leadership; friendship; ownership
n.+ ful mouthful; handful; spoonful;glassful
-ism socialism; materialism
-al refusal; arrival; approval;
Noun
Adj.
后缀 例词
-al national; personal; industrial
-an American; African; European
-ern western; eastern; northern
-able reasonable, believable, unbearable
-ful useful; careful; cheerful; beautiful
-ish childish; selfish; foolish
-ive active; creative, positive
后缀 例词
-ous various; anxious,; nervous
-some troublesome; lonesome, tiresome
-like childlike; womanlike; fatherlike
-ly friendly, lovely, orderly
-less careless, harmless, homeless
Verb
后缀 例词
-en widen, strengthen,
shorten, quicken
-fy beautify, simplify, purify, satisfy
ize organize, realize, nationalize(国有化)
前缀prefix
后缀suffix
否定前缀
其它前缀
名词后缀
形容词后缀
副词后缀
动词后缀
位置
数量
程度、大小
时间、顺序
(1)观察以上组别的单词，加了前缀、后缀之后单词的词义与词性(part of speech)改变了吗？
(2)一个前缀只有一种含义吗？
（3）同一后缀只有一种词性吗？
Rules: 1. 加前缀一般只改变_____________.
加后缀往往改变了______________.
2. 一个前缀可以有 个意思；一个后缀也可以使单词有 种词性。
词义
词性
多
多
总结规律：
war
prewar
interwar
postwar
战前的
两次战争期间的
战后的
How to use it
pre- before 在……前的
pre + view=preview
pre + pay=prepay
(预习)
(预付)
inter- between 在……之间，相互
interpersonal
international
（人与人之间的）
（国际间的）
post- after 在……后的
postgraduate
postgame
（研究生）
（赛后）
activity
react
actor
active
action
act
actress
reaction
反应
合成法(Compounding)
bat
man
＋
＝
sleep-walk
梦游
pain-killer
＋
＝
止痛药
Those “ladies” are beautiful.
shemale
she + male
Gender(性别): Male or Female
lady + boy
ladyboy
Brain storm
sun
sunglasses
sunlight
sunrise
sunshine
sunburnt
sunset
sunflower
sunbath
suncream
…
转化法（Conversion）
春风又绿江南岸。
驴不胜怒，蹄之。
形容词 动词
名词 动词
单词可从一种词性转化为另一种词性。
单词转化前后的意义联系密切。
2. The rain poured down.
rain 动词
rain 名词
1. It rains cats and dogs.
Guess the meanings of the underlined words and their part of speech(词性)
1.Taylor Swift is her favourite singer.
2.She loves a lot of singers but Taylor Swift is her favourite.
n.意为“最喜爱的东西或人”
a.意为“最喜爱的”
3.Tourists must try hot pot when they visit Sichuan.
4.Hot pot is a must for all tourists to taste in Sichuan.
n.意为“必须做（买、看）的事”
v.意为“必须做”
5.The child was looking at the chocolate cake with his greedy eyes.
6.The child was eyeing the chocolate cake greedily.
v.意为“注视”
n.意为“眼睛”
缩略法（Abbreviation）
Very Important Person
Chief Executive Officer
China Central Television
World Trade Organization
Virtual Reality
Photoshop
VIP
CEO
CCTV
WTO
VR
PS
Word Formation
构词法
Abbreviation(缩写)
Compounding (合成)
Conversion(转化)
Derivation(派生)
Prefix前缀
Suffix后缀
Summary
John and his father never agree on one thing, so they often (agree) with each other, for there was some （understand) between them. Once, John and his parents went to his aunt's home for dinner. When they left after dinner, John said “Bye-bye!" to his aunt in a low voice. However, his father didn't hear it and he thought John misbehaved himself for it was (polite) to leave without saying goodbye. John insisted that he did say it, but his father didn't listen to him.
From then on, John was (friend)to his father, which made his father (extreme) unhappy. Undoubtedly, it is (wise)of John to do so. After all, they are father and son. His father sent him to a class of manners to (rich)his knowledge of manners, his father believed would (able) him to be a Goodmannered boy. John's father said he was angry at his son's (honesty), which would certainly (danger) his future. His father's nonstop nonsense caused John much discomfort. John had to go to the class. Later on, he did everything against his father's will.
disagree
misunderstanding
impolite
unfriendly
unwise
enrich
enable
dishonesty
endanger
extremely
DO REMEMBER!!!
Word formation is not a panacea(万能药)！
Greenhouse
Dead-president
Mind Map