2024届高考英语发现语法：非谓语动词课件（共61张PPT）

(共61张PPT)
高考英语语法非谓语动词
2023.07.09
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不定式
PART 01
不定式
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不定式
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不定式的一般式：没有明确强调时间先后，可以与谓语同时发生，也可以和谓语动词有先后关系
I’m pleased to see you here.
I am expecting to hear from you.
I would like you to stay over the weekend with me.
不定式
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不定式的完成式：谓语动词在表现动作之后
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
She is said to have studied abroad last year.
The boy pretended to have known the answer.
不定式
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不定式的进行式：两者同时发生
Mary seems to be thinking deeply.
The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in.
I happened to be watching tv when she called.
不定式
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不定式的被动：不定式的动作的承受者是逻辑主语
一个名词或代词发出一个动作，句子里已经有谓语，那么这个动作就是非谓语，非谓语的发出者（语意上的主语）就是逻辑主语
She asked to be treated equally.
The radio needs to be repaired.
The room seems to have been broken into.
不定式
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不定式的句法功能：
①作主语
不定式通常可以用形式主语it来替代，然后不定式放句末
To live in China is Mr.Smith’s dream.=it is mr.smith’s dream to live in china
To stop working now seems impossible.
不定式
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不定式的句法功能：
②作宾语
I have decided to study engineering.
How I wish to have another day off.
不定式
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不定式的句法功能：
③作表语
Be+表语构成系表结构
表示的一件具体的事，常常跟goal、wish表示目标的词联系
序数词、唯一性的词
My goal is to be a scientist.
My only wish is to have a job in an office.
不定式
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不定式的句法功能：
④作补足语
动词+宾语+不定式，不定式作宾语补足语
宾语+不定式，构成复合宾语
含to的不定式
Parents want their children to develop fully.
We all expect you to come this weekend.
不含to的不定式
Did you see anyone enter the house
I will have all my friends come over this weekend.
不定式
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带to的不定式：
Ask want wish order tell
Persuade advise allow warn
Encourage require cause
不带to的不定式：
See watch hear feel notice
Observe look at make let have
不定式
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不定式的句法功能：
⑤作定语
He was the first guest to arrive.
I am the only one to hear the news.
I am looking for a room to live in.
不定式
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不定式的句法功能：
⑥作状语：
原因状语:I am sorry to hear you are ill
She was surprised to see George walk in.
目的状语To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself
In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows.
结果状语What have I said to make you so angry
The child is old enough to dress himself.
评论性状语To be honest
不定式
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不定式的逻辑主语：
①代词或名词
I will have a lot of homework to do this Sunday.
My father promised to take me to the seaside.
I would prefer you the keep the news secret.
不定式
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不定式的逻辑主语：
②for引出逻辑主语
It won’t be easy for you to find a new job.
There is no reason for us to doubt his words.
I stood aside for her to pass.
不定式
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不定式的逻辑主语：
③of引出逻辑主语
It was kind of you to help us.to help
It’s silly of you to trust such a man.
不定式
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不定式的省略：
To的省略：使役动词和感官动词
I didn’t notice jenny enter the room.
The joke made us all laugh
All you need to do is (to) press the button.
My sister usually helps me (to) choose clothes in the shop.
Why bother
使役动词：let make have
感官动词：feel、notice、look、listen
Help sb do sth
不定式
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常见后跟不带to的不定式结构：
Had better do sth.
Would rather do sth.
Cannot but do sth.
Do nothing but do sth.
Have nothing to do but do sth.
不定式
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主动形式表示被动意义：
①
Have\get\want\need+n+不定式
I have a large family to provide for.
We’ve have lots of difficulties to overcome for the time being.
不定式
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主动形式表示被动意义：
②n+性质形容词+不定式
常见性质形容词：Easy hard difficult interesting heavy pleasant comfortable safe impossible
The work is easy to do
These signs are hard to see clearly
不定式
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主动形式表示被动意义：
③疑问代词+不定式
I don’t know which to choose.
I am wondering who to turn to for help.
不定式
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主动形式表示被动意义：
④be+不定式
常用的此类动词：to blame to seek to let
This house is to let.
动名词
PART 02
动名词
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动名词
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动名词的一般式：
没有明显时间性，同时发生，谓语发生前，谓语发生后
Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit.(同时发生)
Thank you for giving us so much help yesterday.（谓语发生前）
Doctors advise giving up smoking.(谓语动词发生后)
动名词
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动名词的完成式：表示已经完成
He apologized for having broken his promise.过去
Nell denies having broken the window.现在
动名词
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动名词的被动：逻辑主语是动作的承担者
I hate being laughed at in public.
I appreciate being given the opportunity.
The bird just missed being caught.
多数情况下避免使用动名词的被动完成时以显得累赘，而用一般式代替
动名词
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句法功能：
①作主语
It 作为形式主语
Finding a job is difficult these days.
Smoking may cause cancer.
Sailing a boat is great fun.
It is no use regretting your past mistakes.
动名词
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句法功能：
②作表语
抽象的概念，动作的本身
My hobby is painting.
Seeing is believing.
His favourite sport is skiing
动名词
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句法功能：
③作宾语
动词后作宾语
I suggested going for a work.
Would you mind opening the door.
I enjoy reading science fiction.
介词连用构成介宾短语
He objected to changing his job.
She insisted on giving up the plan.
I don’t feel like going to the movie.
动名词
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句法功能：
④作定语
表示功能
A swimming poor=the pool for swimming
A reading room=a room for reading
A ironing board
A hiding place
现在分词
PART 03
现在分词
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现在分词
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①一般式
通常是同时进行的
We walked alone the river bank , talking and laughing.
The little boy went away , crying.
现在分词
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②完成式
Having finished the work , she got ready to go shopping.
Having been ill for two weeks, she felt rather weak.
现在分词
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③被动形式
The question being discussed is of great importance.
Having been seriously injured in the accident , he had to be taken to the hospital immediately.
现在分词
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句法功能：
①作定语
用来表示某种性质。单词就放在名词前面，短语就放在名词后面
An interesting book
An exciting experience
A disappointing boy
A missing child
The man sitting at the back
现在分词
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句法功能：
②作表语
The report is very encouraging
The book is rather boring.
The result of the game was disappointing.
现在分词
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句法功能：
③作补足语
宾语不能表示完整意思，所以需要宾语补足语构成复合宾语
形容词性
I find this movie exciting.
We wall think the speech inspiring.
动词性
I see him passing by a bank.
I smelt something burning.
现在分词
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句法功能：
④作状语
原因状语
Hearing the news ,they all jumped for joy.
Having finished my speech , I answered the questions.
Living far from school , I have to get up early every morning.
结果状语
The fire lasted a whole night , causing great damage.
伴随状语
Following Tom, we started to climb.
评论性状语
Personally speaking
过去分词
PART 04
过去分词
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只有一般式
表示否定，就在过去分词前加not
Given enough care, the children can cooperate better.
Greatly encouraged , we made up our mind to carry on the hard work.
Not treated in time , the injured woman died soon.
过去分词
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句法功能
①作表语
表示情感、感受
I was amazed at the news.
I felt confused , even bored.
Excited-exciting
过去分词
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句法功能
②作定语
及物A satisfied smile used books cooked food
被动+完成
不及物A retired teacher the fallen leaves a developed country
完成，但没有被动的意思
过去分词
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句法功能
③作补足语
（被动的意义）
Keep your eyes shut for two minutes.
Have you heard this song sung in Japanese
I expect this plan carried out successfully
过去分词
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句法功能
④作状语
Asked about his address , the boy didn’t respond.
The boy , asked about his address , didn’t respond.
Bitten by the snake in the bush , Susan was sent back to the camp.
非谓语动词的比较
PART 05
过去分词
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不定式与动名词作主语的区别
不定式表示具体某一次的行为和动作goal、plan
动名词是抽象的、一般的概念hobby
To visit China is my next goal.
Collecting stamps can enlarge one’s knowledge.
Climbing mountains is great fun.
过去分词
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不定式与动名词作宾语的区别
①某些动词只能接动名词作宾语
They all avoided mentioning that game.
I enjoy watching sport news.
We won’ t allow smoking here.
过去分词
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常见接动名词作宾语的动词：
Admit advise allow avoid
Bear cannot help consider delay
Enjoy finish give up imagine
Include keep keep on mind
Miss put off permit practise
Resist risk suggest stand
过去分词
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不定式与动名词作宾语的区别
②只能跟不定式作宾语的
I hope to hear from you soon.
The manager demanded to know if I had had a job before.
过去分词
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常见接不定式宾语的动词：
afford agree ask choose
Decide demand desire expect
Fail hope intend learn
Manage mean offer prepare
Pretend promise refuse wish
过去分词
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不定式与动名词作宾语的区别
③跟动名词/不定式
如：Like hate begin start prefer continue
After a short rest , she started working/to work.
I prefer walking/to walk to school.
Despite the difficulties , we continued doing/ to do the research.
过去分词
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不定式与动名词作宾语的区别
④不定式和动名词的意思相差较大
A）try to do 努力去做和try doing试着去做
He tried to stand up but failed.
Let’s try telling him about the sad news.
b）regret to do 对某件事遗憾和regret doing后悔
I regret to tell you that I cannot come.
I really regret missing his lecture.
过去分词
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不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词作表语的区别
①表示一定的概念，具有名词性质，可以用不定式也可以用动名词，但一般用动名词
My hobby is collecting/to collect ancient coins.
My part time job is teaching/to teach yoga.
过去分词
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不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词作表语的区别
②只能用不定式：表示具体动作或表示将来的含义
The plan is to set aside a day for the interview.
过去分词
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不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词作表语的区别
③现在分词和过去分词具有形容词含义的
Your speech is very encouraging.
I was disappointed at this decision.
The children was frightened to see the dog.
过去分词
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不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词作定语的区别
①不定式通常用来表示将要发生的事情
The next thing to do is to encourage Mary to walk on.
The school to be built next month is intended for disabled children.
过去分词
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不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词作定语的区别
②动名词表示某种用途或者属性
A walking stick
A measuring tape
A washing machine
过去分词
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不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词作定语的区别
③现在分词和过去分词：
现在分词是表示正在进行的、主动的；过去分词是表示已经完成的，被动的
Fallen leaves
A falling tree
A changed situation
A developed country
A boring meeting
An interesting experience