2024届高考英语(人教版2019)大单元一轮复习 单元六 冠词-(素材)

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名称 2024届高考英语(人教版2019)大单元一轮复习 单元六 冠词-(素材)
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更新时间 2023-07-16 16:47:10

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单元六 冠词(精讲案)
一、不定冠词
不定冠词表示泛指,一般修饰可数名词单数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。例如:a pen 一支笔 an old man 一位老人
1. 不定冠词的基本用法
①用在首次提到的人或物的可数名词单数前面,泛指某个人或某个事物。
A gentleman is asking to see you.
②表示“一”,相当于one,如:I'll return in a day or two.
③表示“每”,相当于per,常用于表示时间、重量、长度等单位前。如:We have three meals a day.
④表示“同一性”,常构成“of+a/an+名词”形式,相当于the same,如:The children are of an age.
⑤表示类指,意为“某类……”,如:He wants to be a doctor.
⑥后面接人名可以表示“一个叫……的人”,或是其作品。如:A Mr. Smith is asking to see you.
⑦与抽象名词连用,可以表示“一场、一次、一件”。a success一件成功的事/一个成功的人,a pity一件遗憾的事,an honour一个引以为荣的人/一件引以为荣的事。
⑧与物质名词连用,表示“一种、一阵、一份”。 如:What a heavy rain!
⑨序数词前使用冠词的情况
“the+序数词”表示排序;“a/an+序数词”不表示排序,而表示“又一;再一”。如:
Mr. Li has decided to buy a second car.
I have failed twice, but I'll try a third time.
⑩比较级和最高级前冠词的选择
“a/an+比较级”表示“(众多人或事物中)比……更……的一个”,属于泛指;“the+比较级”表示“两者中较……的一个”。“the+最高级”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最……的一个”;“a most+形容词”表示“一个很/非常……”,此时后面没有比较范围,most只表示“很,非常”,如:Tom is the older of the two boys.
The first unit is a most difficult part but not the most difficult.
2. 常用不定冠词的固定搭配
all of a sudden突然  
as a matter of fact事实上
once a week每星期一次
at a loss不知所措,茫然
be on a visit参观,拜访
be/go on a diet节食
give sb. a lift让某人搭便车
have a gift for...在……方面有天赋
have a good time玩得开心
have a word with...与……谈话
in a hurry匆忙地
in a way从某种意义上说
make a living谋生
take a walk散步
take an interest in...对……感兴趣
take/have a rest休息一会儿
二、定冠词
★用法:
1. 用在表示特指的人或物的名词前。
Eg: The book on the desk is mine.
书桌上的那本书是我的。
2. 用在姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。
Eg: The Chens are going to move to Langfang. 姓陈的一家要搬到廊坊去。
3. 用在世纪、年代、朝代名词前或用在表示方位的名词前。
the Tang dynasty唐朝
the Spring and Autumn Period春秋时期
in the 1990's/1990s在20世纪90年代
the south南方/部
4. 用在表度量单位的名词前,表示“每一”。如by the hour/day/week/month year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo,但是size,weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
Eg: We got paid by the month.我们按月计酬。
Meat is sold by weight.肉按重量出售。
5. “the+形容词或分词”有时也可表类指。
Eg: the wounded伤员
the dying垂死之人
the unknown未知的事物
the deaf耳聋的人
6. “动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某部”结构中的the不可用物主代词代替。此外,在be red in the face(脸红),be lame in the right leg(右腿瘸),be blind in the left eye(左眼失明)等结构中,名词前也要用the。
Eg: An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.一个苹果从树上落下,砸在了他的头上。
7. 用于江河海洋、山脉群岛、海湾海峡等地理名词前。
Eg: The Yellow River is the cradle of Chinese culture.黄河是中华文化的摇篮。
The West Lake is famous for its beautiful scenery.西湖以其美景著称。
8. 用于含普通名词的国家、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等名称前。
Eg: I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到长城的情景。
9. 用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。注意:当两者进行比较时,在比较级前加定冠词起到特指作用,表示“两者中较……的一方”。
Eg: He was the first to speak against slavery.
他是第一个发表演说反对奴隶制的人。
He is the better of the two.他是两者中较好的那个。
10. 用于西方乐器前。
Eg: play the piano/violin/guitar弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他
11. 用在same,very,only前构成"the same/very/only +名词"结构。
Eg:
He is the very person(=just the person)I am looking for.他正是我在找的人。
He is the only poet in this country that deserves the name.他是这个国家唯一一位名副其实的诗人。
12. 用在某些固定短语中。
in the countryside 在乡下
in the end最后,终于
in (the) daytime在白天
in the habit of习惯于
make the most of充分利用
in the distance在远处
in the way挡路
on the whole总的说来
on the right/left 在右/左边
at the moment此刻
for the time being暂时
in the meantime同时
at the end of......的尽头
in the playground在操场上
go to the doctor's去看医生
by the way顺便提-下
the other day前几天
on the radio/phone通过无线电广播/电话
on the spot在现场,当场,当下
to tell (you) the truth说实话,老实说
go to the cinema去看电影
not in the least (=not at all) 一点也不
on the one hand…on the other hand... 一方面……,另一方面.....
for the most part通常,多半
all the time一直
特别提醒:
1、定冠词通常放在all, both, double, exactly, just等词之后。
2、定冠词要放在half, twice, much之后。
三、零冠词
零冠词的基本用法
1.专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时,其前不用冠词。
Beijing is the capital of China.
Kindness is virtue.
Snow dissolves into water.
2.表示季节、月份、星期、节假日、棋类、球类、学科、一日三餐、语言、运动等的名词前一般不加冠词。
Spring is the best season of the year.
I have been studying in this college since July, 2015.
We have a seven-day holiday on China's National Day.
Tom enjoys playing chess.
The boys like playing football after class.
They can choose other subjects like Art and Computer Science.
Do you have breakfast at home or at school
3.称呼语、自己的家庭成员及表示头衔、职务的名词做表语或同位语时,一般不加冠词,但用作主语或宾语时要用冠词。
They appointed Sam manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.
I'm captain of the class team at school.
The chairman declared the meeting open.
4.当by与表示交通工具的名词连用表示方式时,名词前不用冠词。
I'd rather travel by bus than airplane.
5. 常用零冠词的固定搭配
in fact事实上
for example例如
in danger在危险中
with pleasure高兴地
in time及时
in fear恐惧地
at work在上班
at dinner在吃饭
after school放学后
at first起初
at last最终
by hand手工做的
pay attention to注意
set fire to放火
take pride in以……为豪
take care of照顾
take office就职
take part in参加
in town在城里
keep...in mind牢记
in trouble处在麻烦中
on foot步行
leave word留言
on time按时
catch sight of看见
do harm to对……有害
lose weight减肥
四、冠词的活用
1、表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词,如:sun,moon,earth,universe,world 等,常与定冠词连用,但该名词前有形容词修饰时,可以与不定冠词连用。
Eg: The moon travels around the earth.月亮围着地球转。
A bright moon is hanging in the sky.一轮明月正悬挂在空中。
We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
We are building a new world.
我们正在建立一个新世界。
2、“the+形容词最高级”表示比较,意为最……的;“a/an+形容词最高级”无比较含义。
Eg: It is the most useful dictionary.
它是最有用的词典。
It is a most useful dictionary.
(most=very)它是一本非常有用的词典。
3、“the+序数词”表示次序;“a/an+序数词”不表示与其他人或物排序,而表示“又一,再一”
Eg: It is the second time that he has visited the city.这是他第二次参观这座城市。(表示次序)
Can you give me a second chance (a second=another) 你能再给我一次机会吗?
▲五、有无冠词意义迥异的情况
at table在吃饭
at the table在桌子旁
at school上学
at the school在学校
by day白天
by the day按日计算
go to bed上床睡觉(侧重活动)
go to the bed朝床边走去(侧重地点)
go to church做礼拜(侧重活动)
go to the church去教堂(侧重地点)
in hospital住院
in the hospital在医院
in charge of掌管
in the charge of由……掌管
in place of取代
in the place of在……的位置上
in office执政
in the office 在办公室内
in possession of占有
in the possession of被…...占有
leave school辍学
leave the school离开学校
out of question毫无疑问
out of the question不可能
two of us我们中的两个
the two of us我们两个
in front of....(外部)的前面
in the front of....(内部)的前部
1. _____fun it is to relax ourselves in a nature reserve 15 km south of Hangzhou!
A. What; the B. How; / C. What; / D. How; the
2. Lily didn't remember the exact date of the storm, but she knew it was ______ Sunday, because she was at ______church.
A. a; the B. a; / C. the; a D. the; /
3. Do you know ______an "o" and ______ "u" in the word "computer"
A. there is; an B. is there; an C. there is; a D. is there; a
4. Under ______reform program announced on November 15, the government has decided to give ______green light to couples wanting to have two children if one of the two parents is an only child.
A. a; a B. the; the C. /; a D. a; /
5. Let's go to ______cinema—that'll take your mind off the problem for ______while.
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a
6. University is ______most worthwhile time of discovery and learning, and it is also ______very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.
A. a; a B. the; / C. /; a D. a; the
7. As an old saying goes, "He who has never been to ______Great Wall is not a true man."
A. a B. an C. the D. /
8. Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ______ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ______ way.
A. a; / B. the; the C. /; the D. a; the
9. If I had followed her advice and worn ______warm clothing, I wouldn't have caught such ______bad cold.
A. a; / B. a; a C. /; a D. /; /
10. This is ______old computer. I want a new one.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
11. It's wise to keep on ______good terms with neighbouring countries, which will be mutually beneficial in ______ long term.
A. /; a B. the; a C. /; the D. the; the
12. There is ______ report in today's newspaper. It's about ______sports meeting that will be held in Fuzhou.
A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the
13. The library in our school is ______ eye-catching building.
A. 不填 B. an C. a D. the
14. China is seeing ________ growing trend in the number of people owning pets and ________ recent survey finds that one in 13 Chinese now keep animals.
A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a
15. The heavy rain lasted 3 hours on _____end and came to _____ end when the class was over.
A. an; an B. an; / C. /; an D. /; /
答案以及解析
1.答案:C
解析:考查感叹句和冠词。句意:在杭州南面15千米的一个自然保护区放松身心好开心啊!感叹句:What+不可数名词+主语+谓语!有具体数字直接+方向+of...。故选C。
2.答案:B
解析:考查冠词。句意:丽丽不能准确地记住风暴的时间,但是她知道那是一个周日,因为她在教堂里做礼拜。在这里Sunday是一个泛指的名词,而 at church是固定短语,意为做礼拜。故选B。
3.答案:C
解析:考查冠词。句意:你知道computer中有一个o和一个u吗 Do you know 后跟的是宾语从句,用陈述句语序,即there is, u/u:/虽然是一个元音字母,但它的第一个音/j/是一个辅音音素,辅音开始的单词前用不定冠词a。故选C。
4.答案:B
解析:考查冠词。过去分词短语announced on November 15作后置定语,相当于which was announced on November 15;这里特指11月15号宣布的改革计划,用定冠词the,排除A、C、D。故选B。
5.答案:B
解析:考查冠词。go to the cinema与for a while均为习惯搭配,分别指“去看电影”,“一会儿”。故选B。
6.答案:A
解析:考查冠词。句意:大学是一段学习和探索都非常有价值的时光,而且对于我们每一个人来说也是一次很快乐很有价值的经历。第一空,因为没有明确的范围,故不用最高级,a most意为“很,非常”;experience意为“经历”时是可数名词,在这里是泛指,所以前面需要用不定冠词。故选A。
7.答案:C
解析:考查冠词。句意:正如一句老话所说,“不到长城非好汉。”Great Wall表示“长城”,是由普通名词构成的专有名词,前面要加上定冠词the。故选C。
8.答案:D
解析:考查冠词。句意:多年来,简的奶奶想写一本关于儿童的书,但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指,第二个in the way是固定搭配,意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配,不定冠词用于泛指。故选D。
9.答案:C
解析:考查冠词。句意:如果我早听了她的建议,穿着暖和的衣服,我就不会得这么重的感冒了。第一空因为clothing是衣服的总称,前面不能用不定冠词;第二空是固定短语catch a bad cold患重感冒。故选C。
10.答案:B
解析:考查冠词。句意:这是一台旧电脑,我想要一台新的。定冠词 the表示特指,不定冠词 a/an表示泛指,a用于以辅音音素开始的词前,an用于以元音音素开始的词前,本题中表示“一……”是不定冠词的用法,old的第一个音/ /是元音,用不定冠词an。故选B。
11.答案:C
解析:考查冠词。句意:与邻国保持良好关系是明智的,从长远来看,这将是互惠互利的。根据句意及句子结构可知,第一空考查短语keep on good terms with,表示“与……保持好关系”,故填零冠词;第二空考查短语 in the long term,表示“从长远看”,故填定冠词the。故选C。
12.答案:A
解析:考查冠词。句意:今天的报纸上有一个报道。它是关于即将在福州举行的运动会的。根据第一句句意可知,此处表示类别,故填a,根据meeting后的定语从句可知,此处是特指,故填the。故选A。
13.答案:B
解析:句意:我们学校的图书馆是一座引人注目的建筑物。根据句意可知这里表示"一座引人注目的建筑物",使用不定代词,eye是元音音素开头的单词,用an。故选:B。
14.答案:D
解析:考查冠词。句意:中国见证了养宠物的人越来越多的趋势,最近的一项调查发现,每13个中国人中就有一个人养动物,不定冠词a表示泛指,定冠词the表示特指,指上文提及到的事物,或双方都知道的事物,第一空特指“在养宠物人数方面的增长趋势”,应用定冠词the, survey是可数名词,第二空泛指“一项最近的调查”,用不定冠词,故选D。
15.答案:C
解析:on end相当于continuously,表示“连续地”,位于具体的时间之后; come to an end是固定词组,就是结束的意思。
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