单元七 代词(精准训练)
1. There are two apples on the table. One is red and____ is green.
A. the other B. another C. others D. the others
2. —Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can't find a repair shop.
—I know e on. I'll show you.
A. that B.it C.one D. some
3. —Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk
—________, thanks. I'd like a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
4. Is that a book on computer technology If so, I would like to borrow________.
A. are B. it C. this D. some
5. I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like of them very much.
A. either B. any C. each D. another
6. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.
A. one B. this C. that D. it
7. —What do you think of their school
—It's really beautiful. But I don't think their school is as big as________.
A. ours B. us C. we D. our
8. —Can you come on Monday or Tuesday
—I'm afraid ________ day is possible.
A. either B. some C. neither D. any
9. —You look so happy!
—Jack says I am pretty. has ever told me that before.
A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Everybody D. Nobody
10. —Is that model plane
—Yes, it's . My sister sent it to me.
A. your; my B. your; mine C. you; me D. yours; mine
11. Do you think ______ possible for so many people to sit in such a small room
A. this B. that C. there D.it
12. Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.
A. another B. the other C. one another D. one
13. — Of the three suggestions our monitor made, which one do you like
— ______. They are not practical at all.
A. Neither B. Both C. Any D. None
14. No matter how busy he is, Tom makes ______ a rule to see his grandparents every weekend.
A. this B. that C. it D. him
15. Every week, I write an email and tell my parents _________ that happened in our school.
A. exciting something B. something exciting
C. excited something D. something excited
A
Oracle bones(甲骨) were believed to be first unearthed in Anyang, once called Yin, the capital of the Shang Dynasty. Villagers then had little idea of what they had found and sold the bones to drugstores as ①_________(tradition) Chinese medicines. The medicines gained the notice of historians. The discovery ②_________(follow) by a series of archaeological excavations(挖掘).
Over the past 120 years, major systematic excavations have been carried ③_________. A relic site museum has been built at the Yinxu site, ④_________(recognize) as a UNHSCO Word Heritage Site. Discovering the oracle bones and inscriptions helped explore the cu lures of Xia and Shang dynasties, ⑤_________ trace the origins of the Chinese civilization.
The content of the inscriptions emphasizes the respect for ancestors and other core Chinese values ⑥_________ have been passed on until today. It ⑦_________(appeal) to not only scholars but also those outside the circles of archaeology. Chen Nan, a profess w at Tsinghua University's Academy of Arts and Design, has energized the life of these ancient symbols by ⑧_________(feature) them in the biaoqingbao (emoticons) he developed.
"They represent the ⑨_________(clue) lo our cultural lineage(传承)," Chen says. "I feel ⑩_________ our responsibility to communicate about the charge of the primitive inscriptions with the younger generations and foreigners."
B
It can take a little imagination to see how some innovations might change an economy. Not so with the latest Al tools. It is easy—from a writer's perspective, uncomfortably so—①_____(think) of contexts in which something like ChatGPT, a clever chatbot which ②_____(take) the web by storm since its release in November 2022, could either dramatically boost a human worker's productivity or replace them outright. The ChatGPT in its name stands for "generative pre-trained transformer", ③_____ is a particular kind of language model.
④_____(feed) huge amounts of human-created text, ChatGPT looks for statistical regularities in this data, learns what words and phrases ⑤_____(associate) with others and therefore predict what words should come next in any given sentence and ⑥_____ sentences fit together. The result is a machine that can persuasively mimic(模仿) human language.
This capacity ⑦_____ mimicry allows ChatGPT to write essays and poetry, think up jokes, formulate code, and answer questions whether to a child or an expert. Its performance is so astonishing ⑧_____ many over the past months have been both celebrating and panicking. "Essays are dead," wrote the cognitive scientist Tim Kietzmann. Others claim that it will finish off Google as a search engine. And the program ⑨_____ thinks it may be able to replace humans in jobs from insurance agent to court reporter.
Nevertheless, there is an ⑩_____(underlie) problem that faces any form of artificial intelligence. A computer manipulates(处理) symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules with which to transform one string of symbols into another, or to recognize statistical patterns. But it does not specify what those symbols or patterns mean. To a computer, meaning is irrelevant ChatGPT "knows" what appears meaningful to humans, but not what is meaningful to itself.
答案以及解析
1.答案:A
解析:在两个当中,one...the other...表示"一个……另一个……"。故选:A。
2.答案:C
解析:考查代词词义辨析。句意:——对不起,我想请人修我的手表,但我找不到维修店。——我知道一个。来吧,我带你去。根据语境分析,此处表达"知道一个"泛指"一个维修店", 应用代词one。 故选C项。
3.答案:B
解析:——你更喜欢哪一个,一瓶橘子汁还是一瓶牛奶?——哪一个也不喜欢,谢谢。我想要一杯茶。选项A 两者中任何一个,选项B 两者中任何一个也不,选项C 是两者都,选项D 是三者以上当中一个也没有。根据句意,橘子汁或奶更喜欢哪一个,回答是要一杯茶,所以两个哪一个也不要,所以应该B .
4.答案:B
解析:为了避免重复,用it指代前文中提到的a book。B项正确。故选:B。
5.答案:A
解析: 句意:我在纽约和芝加哥住过,但这两个城市我都不是非常喜欢。根据前一个分句中New York和Chicago可知作者提到的是两个城市,空格处的内容也应该和"两个"有关,可选A。any和another都与三者或三者以上有关,each意为"每个",指的是一个群体中的每个,与句意不符,故都可排除。not ...either = neither,意为"两者都不"。故本题正确答案是A项。
6.答案:C
解析:考查代词。句意:主街上交通信号灯的绿灯指示时间比旁边小街上的绿灯指示时间长。one用于指代上文中出现的单数可数名词,表泛指,此处完全不符合;this不能用于此种形式的指代;it用于指代上文提到的同名同物,但该处是指代另外街道上的交通,也不符合;that指代上文中出现的不可数名词或单数可数名词,表特指,其后有修饰语限制。空处指代的是前面的the traffic,是抽象不可数名词,而且是特指。故选C。
7.答案:A
解析:代词为本题主要考查点。句意:——你认为他们学校怎么样?——很漂亮,但我认为没有我们学校大。ours相当于our school。
8.答案:C
解析:考查副词词义辨析.句意:——你能在周一还是在周二来 ——我恐怕这两天都不能来. either两者之一 ;neither两者都不;some一些;少许.any一般用于疑问句及否定句;根据题干可知,I'm afraid表示否定意义, 应用neither, 故选C.
9.答案:D
解析:考查不定代词。A. Somebody某人 ; B. Anybody任何人; C. Everybody每个人; D. Nobody没有人。分析句子可知,此处表示从没有人这样对我说,因此使用不定代词Nobody作主语。故选:D。
10.答案:B
解析:考查代词。第一空,修饰后文名词短语model plane ,应用形容词性物主代词your ;第二空,作表语,应用名词性物主代词mine,相当于my model plane。故选:B。
11.答案:D
解析:考查it用法。本题中的It是一个形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式结构。句意:你认为对于很多人来说坐在一个小房间里可能吗 故D正确。
12.答案:A
解析:考查代词用法。句意:回收是保护环境的一种方式,重复使用是另一种方式。another的意思是"另一个,又一个",非特指;the other 的意思是"两者中的另一个",是特指;one another的意思是"互相";one的意思是"一个",非特指。此处不是特指,指的是很多种中的另一种,故选A。
13.答案:D
解析:考查代词。句意: 在我们班长提出的三个建议中,你喜欢哪一个 一个也不喜欢。 它们根本不实用。A. Neither两者都不; B. Both两者都; C. Any任何一个; D. None三者或者以上都不。根据提问者的话中the three suggestions可知是三个建议,以及空后"They are not practical at all."可知,回答者一个也不喜欢, 表示三者都不,应用none. 故选D项。
14.答案:C
解析:句意:不管他有多么忙,汤姆把每周末去看父母当作一个惯例。考查代词it在句中作形式宾语的用法。故此题选择C项。
15.答案:B
解析:考查不定代词和形容词。句意:每周,我写一封电子邮件,告诉我的父母在我们学校发生的一些令人兴奋的事情,由句意可知,空处缺少宾语"一些令人兴奋的事情",不定代词something作宾语,修饰不定代词something应用-ing形式的形容词作定语,且定语后置,故选B项。
A
答案:①traditional②was followed③out④recognized⑤and⑥that/which⑦appeals/has appealed⑧featuring⑨clues⑩it
解析:①考查形容词。句意:村民们当时几乎不知道他们发现了什么,于是把骨头作为中药卖给了药店。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词Chinese medicines, 故填traditional。
②考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:这一发现之后进行了一系列考古发掘。结合句意可知,句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,主语为discovery,谓语动词用三单形式,且与follow之间是被动关系。故填was followed。
③考查固定短语。句意:在过去的120年里,进行了大规模的系统挖掘。carry out表示"执行,实行", 故填out。
④考查过去分词。句意:在被联合国教科文组织认定为世界遗产的殷墟遗址,已经建成了一个遗址博物馆。此处为非谓语动词作状语,museum和recognize之间是被动关系,故用过去分词形式, 故填recognized。
⑤考查连词。句意:甲骨文的发现有助于探索夏商文化,追溯中华文明的起源。explore和trace之间是并列关系,且句子是肯定句,因此空格处用and表并列, 故填and。
⑥考查定语从句。句意:铭文的内容强调了对祖先的尊重和其他一直流传到今天的中国核心价值观。此处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为core Chinese values,在从句中作主语,故填that/which。
⑦考查时态和主谓一致。句意:它不仅吸引了学者,而且也吸引了考古圈外的人。根据语境可知,句子可表示客观事实,时态用一般现在时,也可用现在完成时,表示已经完成的动作,主语It是单数,谓语动词用三单形式。故填appeals/has appealed。
⑧考查动名词。句意:清华大学艺术设计学院教授Chen Nan将这些古老的符号融入了自己开发的表情包中,为这些符号注入了活力。by是介词,其后跟动名词作宾语,故填featuring。
⑨考查可数名词的复数。句意:它们代表了我们文化谱系的线索。clue是可数名词,此处表示不止一个,因此空格处用复数,故填clues。
⑩考查形式宾语。句意:我觉得我们有责任向年轻一代和外国人传播原始铭文的魅力。空格处用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式,feel it our responsibility to do表示"觉得做某事是我们的责任",故填it。
B
答案:①to think②has taken③which④Fed⑤are associated⑥how⑦for⑧that⑨itself⑩underlying
解析:①考查动词不定式。句意:从作家的角度来看,很容易想到像ChatGPT这样的智能聊天机器人,自2022年11月发布以来就在网络上掀起了风暴,它要么可以极大地提高人类工人的工作效率,要么可以完全取代他们。此处为it be adj. to do sth.句型,不定式作真正主语。故填to think。
②考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:从作家的角度来看,很容易想到像ChatGPT这样的智能聊天机器人,自2022年11月发布以来就在网络上掀起了风暴,它要么可以极大地提高人类工人的工作效率,要么可以完全取代他们。空处为定语从句的谓语动词,根据后文since its release in November2022可知用现在完成时,定语从句谓语与先行词a clever chatbot保持一致,助动词用has。故填has taken。
③考查非限制性定语从句。句意:ChatGPT顾名思义就是"生成式预训练转换器",这是一种特殊的语言模型。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词The ChatGPT,从句缺少主语,指物,故填which。
④考查过去分词。句意:在大量的人工文本中,ChatGPT在这些数据中寻找统计规律,学习哪些单词和短语与其他单词和短语相关,从而预测在任何给定的句子中接下来应该出现哪些单词,以及句子如何组合。分析句子结构可知,feed与逻辑主语ChatGPT构成被动关系,故用过去分词作状语,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Fed。
⑤考查固定短语和时态。句意:在大量的人工文本中,ChatGPT在这些数据中寻找统计规律,学习哪些单词和短语与其他单词和短语相关,从而预测在任何给定的句子中接下来应该出现哪些单词,以及句子如何组合。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词,表示"与……相关"可知短语为be associated with,结合上文learns可知为一般现在时,主语words and phrases是复数,谓语用复数形式。故填are associated。
⑥考查宾语从句。句意:在大量的人工文本中,ChatGPT在这些数据中寻找统计规律,学习哪些单词和短语与其他单词和短语相关,从而预测在任何给定的句子中接下来应该出现哪些单词,以及句子如何组合。空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少方式状语,应用how。故填how。
⑦考查介词。句意:这种模仿能力使ChatGPT能够写文章和诗歌,想出笑话,编写代码,并回答孩子或专家的问题。结合句意表示"……的能力"短语为capacity for...,故填for。
⑧考查固定句型。句意:它的表现如此惊人,以至于在过去的几个月里,许多人既在庆祝,又在恐慌。此处为so...that...句型,表示"如此……以至于……",that引导结果状语从句,故填that。
⑨考查反身代词。句意:该程序本身认为,它可能会取代人类从事从保险代理人到法庭记录员的工作。此处指程序"它本身"应用反身代词itself,作同位语。故填itself。
⑩考查形容词。句意:然而,任何形式的人工智能都面临着一个潜在的问题。修饰名词problem应用形容词underlying,作定语。故填underlying。
2