(共76张PPT)
differentiate [ d f ‘ren e t] v. 使有差异;辨别； 区别, 区分;
博学之，审问之，慎思之，明辨之，策行之。
《礼记 中庸》
Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous.
He who learns but does not think is lost; he who thinks but does not learn is in great danger.
If three of us are walking together, at least one of the other two is good enough to be my teacher.
—Confucius
— 孔子
学而不思则罔；思而不学则怠
三人行必有我师焉
Talk about English learning and learning strategies.
Practise expressing opinions.
Form nouns by adding -ion, -ation, -tion, or -sion to verbs.
Make a study plan.
Practise using modal verbs must, may, should, will and have to.
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pronunciation [ pr n ns 'e n]
n. 发音, 读法
aloud [ 'la d] adv. 大声地
total ['t tl]
n. 总数, 合计, 全体
v. 总计, 共计为;
adj. 总计的, 全体的;
upset [ p'set]
adj. 烦乱的, 不高兴的
dialect: form of a language (grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation) used in a part of a country or by a class of people
方言；土语；地方话
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pick up捡起, 拾起；接收(信号）收集, 发现, 得到, 搭便车，接人, 偶然结识, （未经正式学习而）学会, 改善，好转
He picked up his knife and fork.
他捡起了刀叉
I was able to pick you up on the short wave radio.
我能用短波收音机收听到你的信号。
She soon picked up French when she went to live in France.
她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。
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different adj.
differentiate
v.
pronounce v.
pronunciation
n.
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The aim of this quiz is to help you become aware of the fact that you have your own learning style or habits. Read the following appropriate comments to find what learner type you are and get some useful advice on your English learning.
become/ be aware of: to know; to have knowledge 意识到；明白
appropriate: adj. correct; suitable适合
I am well aware of the problems you face .
I suddeny became aware that someone was watching me .
I don’t think this film is appropriate
for young children .
同位语从句
①能跟同位语从句的名词。
idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt 等名词后面, 可以跟that或者连接代词、连接副词引导的同位语从句。同位语从句只是对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面的名词的具体含义。 例如：
We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their own．
They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again．
②同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that作为关系代词, 可以引导定语从句, 充当句子成分, 在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时, 起连词的作用, 没有实际意义，不充当句子成分, 一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good.
（that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略）
The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导同位语从句）
I had no idea that you were here.（that引导同位语从句, 不能省略）
Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece（that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略）
If your total score is between 23 and 27, you are probably an analytic learner. You may feel it is very important to be as accurate as possible all the time. And you probably prefer the sort of language learning where you need to think carefully. Suggestions for you to improve your language learning are: Firstly, try to speak more, and as often as possible. Secondly, don’t worry too much about your mistakes. Remember that the people you speak to won’t be listening for your mistakes, but for what you are trying to say. Finally, don’t be afraid to depend on yourself—you probably know more than you think.
1.“it is...”是feel的宾语从句，省略了that。例如：
I think it is very important to learn English well.
I believe it is easy for you to do the job.
2. 记住：人们听你说话不是为了挑错，而是为了听懂你说的内容。
1) you speak to是定语从句，修饰the people。people后省略了不定代词whom/who。
2) not... but...不是……，而是……。注意not和but后的部分一定要一致。例如：
He is not fifteen, but fourteen.
We are not going to Shanghai, but to Beijing.
It is not what you say but how you say it that matters.
3) listen (out) for sth. 意为“留神等着听”，例如：
Mom, please listen (out) for the phone while I’m cooking in the kitchen.
4as...as possible
Please answer my question as soon as possible.(=as soon as you can )
请尽快回答我的问题。
analytic [ n 'l t k(l)]adj. 分析型的
English is a synthetic language, while Chinese is analytic.
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v. n.
And you probably prefer the sort of language learning where you need to think carefully.
⊙where为__________, 放在先行词language learning 后, 引导_____ 从句。 Where 在这里表模糊化地点。
关系副词
定语
where引导的定语从句修饰的先行词已从明显的‘地点’转为‘地点的模糊化’。当先行词表示人物的‘情形，状况或某事物所发展的阶段，程度，范围，方面时’都可用where引导。
最常见的表地点的模糊化名词有：case, situation, condition, occasion, circumstance, state (情形和状态)；point, degree, stage, grade (程度与阶段)；level, period, range, scope, aspect (范围与方面)
∮ They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
∮ I can think of many cases where students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
【经典考题】
1. —What do you think of teacher, Bob
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ____ you are doing something serious but interesting. (高考北京卷)
A. where B. which C. when D. that
2. It’s helpful to put children in a situation ______ they can see themselves differently. (高考福建卷)
A. that B. when C. which D. where
He gave the police an accurate description of the robbers .
accurate: adj.
careful and exact
If you score somewhere between 9 and 13 points, you are probably a relaxed learner. You seem to learn languages without really working hard and you usually enjoy communicating with people. You may feel that you should learn more grammar rules, but you probably don’t enjoy it and quickly lose interest. Here are some suggestions for you. Try to find more time to learn and organize a regular time for learning. Then try to correct yourself more. If you can try to become more aware of the mistakes that you make regularly, you will find it easier to do something about them.
Relaxed here means_____.
A. not feeling worried, anxious, etc.
B. feeling worried
score n. 分数；成绩 vt. 得分
regular adj. 规则的；有规律的；有秩序的；定时的
regularly adv. 有规律的；经常
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seem意为似乎，seem可用作连系动词或不
及物动词，意为“似乎；好像”，其常见用
法：
一、“主语+ seem + (to be)+表语”，表语多为名词或形容词，有时是其他的词或短语，以说明主语的特征或状态。例如：
∮Tom seems (to be) a very clever boy.
∮The man over there seems to be a new teacher.
2）“主语+ seem + 不定式”，此句型中的seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。
∮Mrs Green doesn’t seem (或seems not) to like the idea.
∮The children seemed to be eating something in the room.
∮The young man seemed to have changed much.
3）“It seems + that从句”，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。
∮It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.
∮It seems that Mr Brown will not come again.
4）“There + seem to be +名词”，其中to be 可省略。
∮There doesn’t seem to be much hope 。
∮There seems no need to wait longer .
Reading regularly does good to our mind as excising to our body.
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If your score is between 14 and 22, you are a mixture. You have both the strong points and weaknesses of the analytic learner and the relaxed learner. You learn in different ways and at different times depending on the situation and on what you are learning. Look at the following suggestions. Try to find out what areas of your learning you have to improve by studying the descriptions of both analytic and relaxed learners. Then overcome your weaknesses and exert your strong points to the utmost.
exert: v. to bring into use
overcome （overcame，overcome）vt. 战胜，克服
exert… to the utmost
to the greatest degree 发挥全力；尽全力
你会根据情况和你正在学的内容采取不同的学习方式，并且在不同的时间学习。
depend on 取决于；依赖于; 动词-ing形式作状语，表方式；介词on的宾语有两个：the situation和what you are learning，后者是宾语从句。
注意下面对话中depend on的用法：
—Shall we go on a picnic tomorrow 明天我们去野餐好吗？
—It depends on the weather. 那要看天气。
---are you going to leave for New York tomorrow
----it （all） depends .
The mother exerted herself to the utmost to send her son to college.
那位母亲尽全力让儿子念大学。
If you score between 0 and 8 points, it does not mean that you are not a good language learner. Perhaps this is the first time you have thought about the way you learn. Follow these suggestions: Observe how other students learn English and read some books that tell you how to learn a foreign language.
Generally speaking, language learners can be divided into four types. Knowing what learner type you are may help you learn English better.
Observe here means _____.
A. to listen carefully
B. to watch carefully
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Perhaps this is the first time you have thought of the way （in which / that）you learn.
结构That/It/This is the first;second;third time (that )sb. have/has done…这是某人第…次做某事
That’s/It’s the first time I have been to Beijing
be divided into…被分成…
∝ This play is divided into three acts, and
each act has three scenes.
这个剧分为三幕，每一幕有三个场景。
She divided the food into four equal shares.
她把食物分成相同的四份。
Violent prisoners are kept separate from the others. 有暴力行为的囚犯隔离囚禁。
1.The two dogs started to fight, so we tried to _____ them.
A.split B.separate C.tear D.divide
B
∝ Having a good command of English is very necessary for us.
∝ Misunderstanding what he said brought her great trouble.
knowing what learner type you are：
是一个（短语，句子），在整个句中的
句法功能是作主语。
everybody has their own learning style or habits
score between 9 and 13; a relaxed learner
score between 14 and 22; a mixture
score between 0 and 8; not clear
four types of language learners
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n.
v.
describe
suggest
n.
v.
mix
try to be as accurate as possible all the time try to speak more; not to worry about mistakes; not be afraid to depend on yourself
not really work hard; like to talk; not interested in learning grammar rules try to find more time to learn and organize a regular time for learning; try to correct yourself more
learn in different ways and at different times study the descriptions of the analytic learner and the relaxed learner
observe how other students learn English; read some books that tell how to learn a foreign language
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T
T
T
F
T
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1) Which of the following statements best sums up the main idea of the passage
A. The passage divides language learners into four types and regards the first type as the best.
B. The passage divides language learners into four types and gives advice to each of them.
C. The passage suggests that a higher
score means a better English learner.
D. The passage suggests that a higher
score means a poorer English learner.
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2) The writer probably wishes us to know that ________.
A. one learner type is better than another
B. no single learner type is good
C. it is very important to know what learner type you are and to use proper methods to learn
D. it is very important to get high scores in exams
3) The writer’s tone is probably ________.
A. subjective B. objective C. neutral D. not clear
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v.
n.
Period 2
-ion
-tion
-ation
-ture
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description 2) accurate 3) score 4) relaxed 5) communicate
6) depends on 7) overcome 8) regular 9) organized 10) aware of
1) accurate 2) improve 3) worry 4)relaxed 5) communicate
6) makes 7) weaknesses 8) poor / weak 9) good 10) observe
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analyses 2) accuracy 3) relax, relaxation
4) observations, observer 5) mixes, mixture 6) poor, weakness
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Adj.
n.
n.
v.
n.
Adj.
n.
n.
n.
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1) Action 2) observation 3) introduction 4) exams / examinations
5) decision 6) relaxation 7) translation 8) correction
Period 3
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情态动词must，have to表示“必须”和“应该做某事”
must可表示推测，其口气比较肯定，在表示非推测性用法时，意为“必须”，侧重于说话人的主观意志；
而have to 表示“必须”，则侧重于客观的需要。
must的两个否定形式，第一个否定形式是must not / mustn’t，表示“不许（做某事）”，第两个否定形式need not/needn’t，表示“不必”。
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1) must 2) should/must 3) may 4) may
5) have to 6) should 7) will 8) has to 9) must
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1) Ask your teacher for permission to leave school early tomorrow.
Applying the Rule
Make sentences by using may, should, must will or have to, based on the following situations .
May I leave school early tomorrow
2) Advise your friend to study harder.
You should work harder.
3) You are a doctor. Tell a patient that it is really necessary to take all the medicine.
4) Someone asks you the time. You haven’t got a watch but you’re sure it’s ten o’clock.
You have to take all the medicine.
It should be ten o’clock.
5) Someone ask you if it will rain tomorrow. You don’t know. But it is possible.
6) You phone is ringing . You are busy. Politely ask a friend to answer. it.
I have no idea. But it may rain tomorrow.
Will you please answer the phone for me
7. The plane should arrive at 12:00a.m .
8. I have to go home now ,because my son is alone at home .
If you need any help, I ____ be the first one to give it to you.
A. must B. have to
C. will D. need
难度系数:
难度系数:
Johnny, you ____ play with knife, you ____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t
B. mustn’t; may
C. shouldn’t; must
D. can’t; shouldn't.
难度系数:
--- How is your tour around the North Lake Is it beautiful
--- It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will B. would
C. should D. must
--Look, it ___ be Lao Wang.
--No, it ___ be him. He has gone abroad.
A. may； must B. must； mayn’t
C. must； can’t D. can； mayn’t
难度系数:
—She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.
A. should B. could
C. must D. might
难度系数:
Period 4
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familiar adj. --- v. -ize
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making mistakes 2) eager to; starts trying to use it
3) interested in 4) to speak in class 5) depend entirely on
6) outside the classroom and in it
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Period 5
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flexible ['fleks bl]
adj. 易曲的, 柔软的, 灵活的
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Period 6
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Before you can start speaking and writing in English, your brain must learn enough correct English sentences. You can’t speak English if you have never seen an English sentence in your life. That is obvious. And you can’t speak English well if you have not seen a large number of English sentences.
There are two ways to learn correct English sentences: Listening and reading. Both are good, but reading is usually much easier than listening. With the help of a good dictionary, you will be able to understand English texts much more easily than, for example, English television or movies.
brain [bre n]
n. 脑; 头脑
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有两种获得正确英语句子的途径：听和读。两种都好，但是通常读比听更容易。
1) much为程度副词，用在形容词比较级前加强语气,“更……”。
2) ... but reading is usually much easier than listening. 此句中所说的“更容易”指的是前句中提 到的 to learn correct English sentences方面，即“在获得/学会正确英语句子”方面。
If you read just one book in English, you will see that your English has become much better. You will start using lots of new vocabulary and grammar in your school compositions and e-mail messages. You will be surprised that correct English phrases will just come to you when you are writing or speaking! Things like the simple past tense and how to use the word “since” will become part of you. You will use them automatically, without thinking.
By reading a book in English, you will give your brain thousands of English sentences. So it will be easy for you to use English, because your brain will be repeating the things that it has seen many times. How can you make a mistake and say “I feeled bad”, if you have seen the correct phrase “I felt bad” 250 times in the last book you read
do-did
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你自己都会觉得奇怪，当你提笔写东西或张嘴说英语的时候，英语短语会不请自来。
句中的come to you的意思为enter your mind suddenly，即“你突然想起……”；此表达法无被动形式。
If you read in English, you will gradually forget about grammar rules. This is what we call grammar intuition. You don’t need to know the rules for the present perfect tense. You don’t even have to know the name “present perfect”. Instead, read a few books in English, and soon you will feel that “I have seen Paul yesterday” is wrong and “I saw Paul yesterday” is correct. How Simple. Your brain has seen the second kind of sentence 192 times, and the first kind 0 times.
This is how native speakers know what is correct. It’s no magic. You can do it, too. The only difference between you and native speakers is that they have heard and read more English sentences than you have.
have/has done
句中的192和0并非用来表示什么确切数字，只是强调“许多次，经常”和“从来没有”，分别指阅读第二种句子和第一种句子的频率。
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“This” refers to the previous sentence “You can’t speak English if you have never seen an English sentence in your life”.
A.You will be able to understand English texts much more easily.
B.You will start using lots of new vocabulary and grammar in your school compositions and e-mail messages.
C. You will give your brain thousands of English sentences because your brain will be repeating the things that it has seen many times.
D.You will gradually forget about grammar rules.
The ability of speaking or writing correct English sentences without thinking about the grammar rules.
The article mainly tells us that a lot of reading is very important in learning and using English well.
instead 2) came to 3) automatically 4) obvious
5) With the help of 6) magic 7) repeated 8) message
9) threw away 10) native
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词组 become aware of all the time be afraid to
depend on in different ways at different times
generally speaking as often as possible
表达法 / 句型 enjoying doing sth. have time to do sth. read aloud have a good memory for… learn…by heart pick up learner type be as accurate as possible worry too much about not…but
listen for sth. lose interest exert… to the utmost it does not mean that… be divided into work hard
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