2023年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编：（4）阅读理解-健康环保类（含解析）
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（4）阅读理解-健康环保类——2023年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编
一、【2023年新高考全国II卷】
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding(编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of "We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while" was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
"We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it," said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
1.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
2.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
4.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
二、 【2023年全国甲卷】
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and the iranswer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
"Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range," says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions(预防) aren't taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. "Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits," says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
5.How do Americans look at grizzlies
A. They cause mixed feelings in people. B. They should be kept in national parks.
C. They are of high scientific value. D. They are a symbol of American culture.
6.What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A. The European settlers' behavior. B. The expansion of bears' range.
C. The protection by law since 1975. D. The support of Native Americans.
7.What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies
A. The opposition of conservation groups. B. The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C. The voice of the biologists. D. The local farmers' advocates.
8.What can be ierere from the last paragraph
A. Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C. A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
三、【2023年安徽临泉模拟】
It was a sight you don't normally see: a jellyfish lying dead in the middle of a parking lot partly flooded in water. But this was no ordinary parking lot. This particular section downtown Annapolis, Maryland, is among a growing number of areas easily affected by frequent high-tide flooding in the seaside town.
High-tide floods, also known as sunny-day floods, occur when tides reach anywhere from 1. 75 to 2 feet above the daily average high tide and start spilling onto streets. These floods are usually not related to storms. The typically occur during high tides. The gravitational pull of the Moon drives the tides. Winds can also influence how high the tides come in. Then there are the climate patterns like El Nino(厄尔尼诺现象), which lead to higher-than-normal sea levels along both the U.S. East and West coasts. And, of course, the most powerful driver is sea level rise itself. Because of rising seas driven by climate change, the frequency of this kind of flood has dramatically increased in recent years. The ocean is rising at about 3. 3 millimeters, or 0.13 inches a year, mostly due to the melting of land-based ice and the heated expansion of ocean water, according to NASA.
Defenses are built in response to the high-tide floods. Half a mile up the road from Downtown Annapolis, the U.S. Naval Academy is beating back water: a seawall built alongside the river, flood walls protecting campus buildings, and classroom floors and walls made of concrete or painted cinder block—materials more resistant to flooding than carpet, wood and drywall. Still, David Kriebel, a professor of ocean engineering at the U. S. Naval Academy, said, the water is rising fast, and much of this flood protection will only last for a few decades. At that point, additional measures will have to be taken. "You can build walls, you can add inflow preventers and you can protect areas that are worth protecting, but eventually, water's going to find its way through the holes," he said. "You're not really meant to hold back the tides."
9.What is the function of the first paragraph
A. To introduce the main topic. B. To share an unusual finding.
C. To warn people to protect animals. D. To make a phenomenon convincing.
10.Which of the following contributes most to the increase of high-tide floods
A.Winds. B. Climate change.
C.Moon's gravity. D. Certain climate patterns.
11.What does David Kriebel feel about the situation in a few decades
A. Curious B.Uncertain C.Confident D.Worried
12.What's the suitable title for the text
A. The Future World: Worth the Wait
B. Climate Crisis: Solutions on the Way
C. Rising Waters: Beating Back the Tides
D. Downtown Annapolis: Emerged under Water
四、【2023年四川绵阳模拟】
For some people, October is October. On October 5, Katmai National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when fans compare before and after photos of bears to vote for the one they think has gained the most weight before they bed down for the long freezing winter. Bear 747, also known as "Bear Force One", took the first-place spot with 68,105 votes. It weighed around 1,400 pounds.
Fat Bear Week started in 2014. At first, it was just Fat Bear Tuesday. Mike Fitz, a former park keeper at Katmai, noticed that live webcams showing the bears generated a lot of online comments, so he let people vote for their favorite fat bear on the Internet. The one-day event attracted 1, 700votes. In 2015, it was extended to a week. Last year, nearly 800,000 people got involved, turning it into a global campaign.
The contest serves two main purposes. First, some of America's national parks are in remote and undeveloped areas, which are difficult or costly to reach. Fat Bear Week brings Alaska's wilderness to fans' computer screens. "It's not limited to the fortunate few who can go to the river anymore." Fitz said.
Second, Fat Bear Week brings attention to the bears and the ecosystems they live in. The 2,200 bears of Katmai are strong for feeding on some of the healthiest salmon(三文鱼) in the world, said Sara Wolman, a former park keeper. Salmon in the Pacific Northwest are suffering from overfishing, dam construction and warming rivers due to climate change. Luckily, Brooks River, which Katmai's bears like to fish in, has been free from these threats so far.
Fat Bear Week has spread like viruses. Fans and creators say it's because it shows a conservation success story. For one week, people don't have to focus on climate change or habitat loss. "Maybe things aren't super great all the time in the world," said Felicia Jimenez, who is a current Katmai keeper. "But there are some really fat bears in Alaska."
13.Why was Bear 747 the winner
A. It was the heaviest. B. It was the most famous.
C. It gained the most pounds. D. It presented the best photos.
14.What is the purpose of paragraph 2
A. To praise Mike Fitz for his work. B.To review the history of the event.
C. To show the popularity of fat bears. D. To explain the role of live webcams.
15.What can we learn about Katmai's bears
A. They bring tourists to the park. B. They have a stable food source.
C.They remain difficult to be seen. D. They face a population decline.
16.Which can be the best title for the text
A. Fat Bear Week: Conservation Is Joyful
B. Brown Bears: Winter Survival Is Crucial
C. Bear 747: A Fat Yet Healthy Champion
D. Katmai's Bears: A Special Beauty Contest
五、 【2023年山西三晋模拟】
The Dead Sea is an amazing wonder of the world: the lowest exposed spot on Earth, where the water is so full of salt that bathers float right to the top.
But today the Dead Sea is drying up, and its banks are collapsing. The water level is dropping close to 4 feet every year. The main part of the lake is now around 950 feet deep—about 15% shallower, and a third of the surface area, compared to its shape half a century ago.
"You've seen a living disaster in front of your eyes," says Jake Ben Zaken, an Israeli who says he operates the only passenger boats on the Dead Sea.
As the lake recedes, it changes the landscape around it in both beautiful and harmful ways. Beautiful salt formations are revealed where the water dries up. But there are also terrible scenes of beaches and parking lots swallowed up by sinkholes along the shore.
Solutions have been proposed to replenish(填满) the Dead Sea, but no significant action has been taken to prevent its further destruction. Climate change makes recovery of the lake seem even further out of reach.
The Dead Sea is a landlocked lake that's partly in Jordan, Israel and the Israeli-occupied West Bank. The lake—named the Dead Sea because it contains too much salt and is not suitable for aquatic(水生的) life—has been drying up for decades.
"It's a human-made problem," say environmental researchers and officials. In a region where water is rare, Israel, Jordan and Syria in the last several decades have diverted(改道) the freshwater sources that feed the Dead Sea, for drinking water and irrigation. Plus, Israeli and Jordanian companies evaporate(蒸发). Dead Sea water to harvest its rich minerals for export. The part of the lake with Israeli hotels, a popular spot for tourists to float in Dead Sea water, is actually an artificial evaporation pool in the lake's southern basin.
17.How deep was the main part of the Dead Sea 50 years ago probably
A.About 800 feet. B.About 1,000 feet.
C.About 1,100 feet. D.About 1,300 feet.
18.What does the underlined word “recedes” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Goes up. B.Gets popular. C.Flows over. D.Becomes smaller.
19.What's the last paragraph mainly about
A.The solutions to the problem. B.The future of the Dead Sea.
C.The reasons for the problem. D.The situation of the Dead Sea.
20.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.The Dead Sea Is Dying
B.The Dead Sea Is Recovering
C.The Dead Sea—a Salty Lake with Minerals
D.The Dead Sea—a Place for Tourists to Float
六、【2023年江西上饶模拟】
Around the world, rivers seem to be raging. While catastrophic flooding of Pakistan's rivers has left tens of millions without homes, a drought unseen for 500 years has squeezed Europe's major waterways almost dry. There is little disagreement about what's going on: climate change is causing both rainfall and droughts to intensify. The question now is how to manage those climate-changed waterways and, specifically, what role dams should play in fighting against the kinds of disasters.
Advocates say water storage dams will become more essential to mitigate extreme water flows by absorbing water during flooding and releasing it in times of drought. Dams, they say, can help combat climate change by producing renewable hydropower(水力发电) that is cleaner than fossil fuel energy.
However, criticisms have long centered on the negative impact most dams have on biodiversity and river ecosystems. Not only do the vast amounts of concrete used to build large dams leave huge carbon footprints, there is also much evidence that greenhouse gas emissions from dams are often far greater than previously thought. Increasingly a scientific case is also being made that dams actually worsen both floods and droughts.
Now, more dam developers are turning to "run-of-river" technology, in which the river's water flows continuously through a hydropower station without a reservoir(水库) to store it. Such projects are generally considered more environmentally friendly, but they do not allow for water to be managed according to weather conditions.
Then there are those who say we should stay away from dams, and look for ways using nature-based solutions. Many ecologists say that protecting wetlands, for example, should be a priority, since those ecosystems act as natural sponges(海绵) for floodwaters within a river basin. "We have turned river basins into economic machines that only serve people and not nature, and this creates more problems, like droughts and flooding," says Herman Wanningen, the founder of the advocacy group Dam Removal Europe. "We have to learn to cooperate with nature and not against it anymore."
21.What does the underlined word mitigate refer to in prara 2
A. Ease. B. Motivate. C.Block. D.Store.
22.Why do critics oppose the construction of dams
A. It needs a large amount of concrete. B. It destroys local ecosystem.
C. It may produce negetive effect. D. It gives off harmful gases.
23.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Dams have long lost their storage function.
B. The starting point of our solution should serve nature.
C. Flooding and droughts can help promote economy.
D. Protecting wetland is a once-and-for-all solution.
24.What's the best title for the text
A. Dams' Traditional Role: Pros and Cons.
B. Disaster Relief: Working with Nature.
C. Building More Dams: A Way Out
D. Worsening Climate Change: Take Action!
七、 【2023年山西高三模拟】
Conifers(针叶树)are generally better than broad-leaved trees at purifying air from pollutants. But deciduous(落叶的)trees may be better at taking in particle-bound pollution .A new study led by the University of Gorbenburg shows that the best trees for air purification depend on the type of pollutants involved
Trees and other greenery in cities provide many benefits that are important for the well- being of residents. Leaves and needles on trees filter air pollutants and reduce exposure to poisonous substances in the air. But which trees purify the air most effectively Researchers from the University of Gothenburg have collected leaves and needles from eleven different trees growing in the same place in the Gothenburg Botanical Garden (GBG) to analyse which substances they have absorbed.
“This tree collection provides a unique opportunity to test many different species of trees with similar environmental conditions and exposure to air pollutants," said Jenny Klingberg, a researcher of the GBG.
A total of 32 different pollutants were analysed, some of which are bound to particles of various sizes. Others are gaseous. This project has focused on PAHs(多环芳烃).In cities. traffic is the biggest source of these pollutants, which are released due to incomplete burning in engines.
“Our analyses show that different species of trees have different abilities to absorb air pollutants. Conifers generally absorb more gaseous PAHs than broad-leaved trees. Another advantage of conifers is that they also act as air purifiers in winter, when air pollution is usually at its highest," said Jenny Klingberg.
"This study contributes to improving our understanding of the ability of trees to clean the air and which species are best at absorbing air pollutants," said Jenny Klingberg. This knowledge is important for urban planning when designing sustainable cities. While trees and greenery can contribute to better air quality in eities at-the-and of the day, the most-important measure is to reduce emissions.
25.Which is the determining factor in choosing the most suitable trees to purify air
A. Air quality. B. Geographical location.
C. The height of plants. D. The kind of pollutants.
26.Why did the researchers collect leaves and needles from GBG
A. To compare their shapes. B. To create a tree collection.
C. To figure out what they absorb. D. To display them on exhibition.
27.What may cause more PAHs to be released
A. Fuel vehicles. B. Electric engines.
C. Traffic accidents. D. Complete burning.
28.What is the most effective way to better air quality in cities
A. Decreasing emissions. B. Planting more conifers.
C. Raising public awareness. D. Designing sustainable cities.
八、【2023年海南东方模拟】
Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunken or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship large amounts of Ooho bubbles(水泡) without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events, such as marathons, music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho; they have recently applied a patent for their new advancements. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at events in London, San Francisco, Boston, at conferences, festivals, and so on.
Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer’s interest while the production machine is getting up and running. It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.
29.How is most plastic dealt with in America
A. It’s sold. B. It’s recycled. C. It’s buried. D. It’s wasted.
30.Why did the team invent Ooho
A. To make a profit for a company. B. To protect the environtnent.
C. To make people eat as they drink. D. To reduce the cost of plastic bottle.
31.What can we infer about Ooho from the text
A. It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.
B. It has become popular since it began to be sold.
C. It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.
D. It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.
32.What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph
A. Ooho is to be a success in the future.
B. Ooho is being supported by smart people.
C. Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.
D. Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.
九、【2023年安徽高三模拟】
The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short trip from camp. On the plain (平原), we can just see many wild animals. This is why we're here to observe Tibetan antelopes.
Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet,Xinjiang and Qinghai.Watch them move slowly across the green grass. I'm attracted by the lovely animals.I'm also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being killed for their valuable fur.
My guide Zhaxi works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a place for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protesting the wildlife is a way of life."We're not tying to save the animals.” he says,"Actually, we're trying to save ourselves."
Between the 1980s and 1990s, the population of the Tibetan antelope dropped by over 50 percent. People were shooting antelopes to make profits. Their living places were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.
In order to save the animals, the Chinese government placed them under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.
The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015.the Tibetan antelope was removed from the list of animals in danger. The government, however,does not intend to stop the protection programs, since the threats (威胁) to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
Much is being done to protect wildlife but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. We can stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet only when we learn to exist in peace with nature.
33.The author went to Tibet in order to________. ( )
A.breathe fresh air in Tibet B.enjoy the scene in Tibet
C.learn the history of Tibet D.observe Tibetan antelopes
34.Where does Zhaxi work ( )
A.In Tibet. B.In Xinjiang C.In Qinghai. D.In Sichuan
35.What happened to the Tibetan antelope between the 1980s and 1990s ( )
A.Tibetan antelopes were well protected.
B.Tibetan antelopes population dropped
C.Tibetan antelopes lived in peace with people
D.Tibetan antelopes destroyed new roads and railways,
36.According to Paragrah6, the measures taken by the Chinese government were____.( )
A.Useless B.basic C.successful D.simple
37.What's the purpose of the text ( )
A.To kill the Tibetan antelope. B.To study the Tibetan antelope.
C.To watch the Tibetan antelope. D.To protect the Tibetan antelope.
十、【2023年陕西咸阳模拟】
Biologists are becoming more and more concerned that global climate change will probably reduce biodiversity. Some biologists estimate that 35% of animals and plants could become extinct in the wild by 2050 due to global climate change. Before the industrial revolution, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rarely climbed above 280 ppm; but during the 2014 calendar year, carbon dioxide levels ascended to 402 ppm.
In the fall of 2014, the National Audubon Society released a report entitled Birds and Climate Change. It is a comprehensive, first-of-its kind study that predicts how climate change could affect the ranges of 588 North American birds. Of the 588 North American bird species, more than half are likely to be in trouble. The National Audubon Society's models indicate that 314 species will lose more than 50 percent of their current climatic range by 2080. Of the 314 species at risk from global warming, 126 of them are classified as climate endangered. These birds are projected to lose more than 50 percent of their current range by 2050. The other 188 species are classified as climate threatened and expected to lose more than 50 percent of their current range by 2080 if global warming continues at its current pace.
In January 2020, two widely reported studies were carried out to show the dramatic impact of climate disruption on our wildlife and fisheries along the California coast. The first study showed that from 2014 to 2016, over a million common murres from Alaska through California died as a result of a marine heat wave. The second study shows that acid rainfall caused by carbon emissions is harming shell-building animals in the ocean. The study found that larval Dungeness crabs' shells suffer damage in west coast seawater, putting at risk the most profitable fishery in California and a beloved local seafood.
These newly documented impacts provide more evidence that we are running out of time to take action by drastically reducing our use of fossil fuels in order to slow the rate of climate disruption and to give birds and other animals more time to adapt.
Visit our How You Can Help Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions page to learn what you can do to help protect these species at risk from climate disruption.
38.What does “ascended” underlined in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Reduced. B.Rose. C. Fell. D. Appeared.
39.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The report on the human society. B.The reason of global warming.
C.The disappearance of the birds. D. The influence of climate change.
40.What can we learn about the two studies from Paragraph 3
A.They both had a big effect on humans. B. Many murres were killed by heat wave.
C. Crabs' shells are local people's favorite. D. Acid rain caused most carbon emission.
41.Where is this text probably taken from
A. A science website. B. An art magazine.
C.A history book. D. A diet newspaper.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：B
解析：理解具体信息题干问的是在文章开头作者描述的是什么现象。根据第一段中的"access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find" (城市居民越来越难以接触大自然）以及"it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild"(在一个城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)可知，在城市里很难接触大自然。故选B。
2.答案：D
解析：推断题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原因。根据第四段第一句话"Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories...began to emerge"(在320份提交的材料中,一种被研究人员称为"自然语言"的类别模式开始出现)可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故选D。
3.答案：C
解析：推断题干问的是我们从第五段所举的例子中可以学到什么。根据第五段所举的例子"the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying...a fountain on their lunch break"可知,年轻的职业人土周末可以在公园徒步旅行，周内可以沿着喷泉散步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故选C。
4.答案：B
解析：理解具体信息题干问的是在我们与大自然互动之前，我们应该做些什么。根据最后一段Kahn的话"And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it"(为了实现这一点，我们还需要保护自然，以便与之互动）可知，我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然。故选B。
二、
5.答案：A
解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段的"Grizzly bears...occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche(灰熊在美国人心中占据了一个矛盾的角落）"和"we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams...their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear"可知，人们对灰熊既怕又爱。由此可见，人们对它们的感情很复杂。故选A。
6.答案：C
解析：根据第三段的"In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act(1975年，灰熊被列入《美国濒危动物法案》中)"和第四段的"Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.(如今，美国大约有2000或更多头灰熊)"可以推断，灰熊数量增长与1975年以来的法律保护息息相关。故选C。
7.答案：A
解析：理解具体信息 根据题干的"the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies"可以迅速锁定第四段。根据第四段的"Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups(由于来自保护组织的诉讼，这两次尝试都被推翻了)"可知，动物保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类及野生动物管理局将灰熊从《美国濒危动物法案》中除名。故选A。
8.答案：B
解析：根据最后一段的"If people remove food and attractants... is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away(如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和营地拿走，灰熊经过时通常会平安无事。在鸡舍和其他农场动物住所周围安装电围栏对赶走灰熊也非常有效)"可以推断，人类可以和灰熊和谐共处。故选B。
三、
9.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。第一段讲述马里兰州安纳波利斯市中心的停车场被高潮洪水淹没,出现了死去的水母。下文分析高潮洪水的成因和当地的应对措施。所以第一段的功能是引出文章的主题。故选A。
10.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的And, of course, the most powerful driver is sea level rise itself. Because of rising seas driven by climate change, the frequency of this kind of flood has dramatically increased in recent years.(当然,最有力的驱动力是海平面上升本身。由于气候变化导致海平面上升,近年来这种洪水的频率急剧增加。)可知,气候变化是促使高潮洪水高频发生的最大诱因。故选B。
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的much of this flood protection will only last for a few decades 以及but eventually, water's going to find its way through the holes 和You're not really meant to hold back the tides.可以推测,David Kriebel对几十年后的情况感到担忧。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。文章讲述高潮洪水成为了沿海地区的一大威胁,高潮洪水的主要成因是气候变化。城市所采取的措施解决了眼下的问题。故C项Rising Waters: Beating Back the Tides 适合做标题。故选C。
四、
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“On October 5, Katmai National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when fans compare before and after photos of bears to vote for the one they think has gained the most weight before they bed down for the long freezing winter.(10月5日,阿拉斯加南部的卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区拉开了胖熊黄金周的序幕,粉丝们根据前后对比照片,投给在它们睡下度过漫长寒冷的冬天之前体重增加最多的熊可知,粉丝们投给他们认为夏天里体重增加最多,为冬眠做好准备的熊)”所以Bear 747获胜是因为它体重增加得最多。故选C。
14.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容,结合本段前两句“Fat Bear Week started in 2014. At first, it was just Fat Bear Tuesday.(胖熊周始于2014年。一开始,它只是“胖熊星期二”)”及最后两句“In 2015, it was extended to a week. Last year, nearly 800,000 people got involved, turning it into a global campaign.(2015年,它延长至一周。去年,近80万人参与其中,使之成为一项全球性活动)”可知,本段旨在回顾“胖熊黄金周”的历史。故选B。
15.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Luckily, Brooks River, which Katmai's bears like to fish in, has been free from these threats so far.(幸运的是,到目前为止,布鲁克斯河还没有受到这些威胁,卡特迈公园的熊喜欢在此捕鱼)”可知,卡特迈公园的熊有一个稳定的食物来源。故选B。
16.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容,结合最后一段中“Fans and creators say it's because it shows a conservation success story.(粉丝们和创作者们说这是因为它展示了一个环保成功的故事)”可知,文章主要介绍了阿拉斯加南部的卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区举行的“胖熊黄金周”活动,它以一种竞技方式让人们关注熊及它们所居住的生态系统,故A项“胖熊黄金周:环境保护也可以很快乐”适合作为文章标题。故选A。
五、
17.答案：C
解析：数字计算题。根据第二段可知,目前死海主体的深度大约是950英尺,比起半个世纪前变浅了15%。也就是X-15%X=950,可计算出X等于1,117。故选C。
18.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据上文可知,死海目前正在不断干涸、水平面逐年下降,也就是不断"变小"。故选D。
19.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,本段作者主要分析了死海水分流失、逐年变浅的主要原因。故选C。
20.答案：A
解析：标题归纳题。综合全文可知,本文主要告诉我们：由于气候变化及人为原因,死海正在不断干涸、走向死亡。故选A。
六、
21.答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据下文"by absorbing water during flooding and releasing it in times of drought.(通过在洪水期间吸收水分,在干旱时释放水分。)"可推断,支持者表示,蓄水大坝通过在洪水期间吸收水分,在干旱时释放水分对于缓解极端水流是更加必不可少的,划线词与A项意思相近。A.Ease.缓解;B.Motivate.激励;C.Block.阻止;D.Store.储存。故选A。
22.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中"However, criticisms have long centered on the negative impact most dams have on biodiversity and river ecosystems. Not only do the vast amounts of concrete used to build large dams leave huge carbon footprints, there is also much evidence that greenhouse gas emissions from dams are often far greater than previously thought. Increasingly a scientific case is also being made that dams actually worsen both floods and droughts.(然而,长期以来,批评都集中在大多数大坝对生物多样性和河流生态系统的负面影响上。建造大型水坝所用的大量混凝土不仅会留下巨大的碳足迹,而且有大量证据表明,大坝排放的温室气体往往远远超过人们之前的想象。越来越多的科学案例表明,大坝实际上会加剧洪水和干旱。)"可知,批评者反对建造大坝是因为它可能会产生相反的效果。故选C。
23.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中"We have turned river basins into economic machines that only serve people and not nature, and this creates more problems, like droughts and flooding(我们把河流流域变成了只服务于人类而不是自然的经济机器,这造成了更多的问题,比如干旱和洪水)"及"We have to learn to cooperate with nature and not against it anymore.(我们必须学会与自然合作,而不是对抗它)"可知,我们解决方案的出发点应该是为自然服务。故选B。
24.答案：C
解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容,结合第一段中"The question now is how to manage those climate-changed waterways and, specifically, what role dams should play in fighting against the kinds of disasters.(现在的问题是如何管理这些受气候变化影响的水道,特别是大坝在减轻这类灾害方面应该发挥什么作用)"可知,气候变化正在导致降雨和干旱加剧,文章主要讨论建造大坝是否是解决这类灾害的出路,故C项"建造更多大坝:这是一条出路吗 "适合作为文章标题。A. Dams' Traditional Role: Pros and Cons.水坝的传统角色:利弊;B.Disaster Relief: Working with Nature.与自然合作;C.Building More Dams: A Way Out 建造更多大坝:这是一条出路吗 ;D. Worsening Climate Change: Take Action!日益恶化的气候变化:采取行动。故选C。
七、
25.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，净化空气的最佳树木取决于所涉及的污染物的类型。故选D。
26.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，哥德堡大学的研究人员收集了生长在哥德堡植物园内同一地点的11棵不同树木的叶子，目的是分析它们捕获了哪些物质。故选C。
27.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，研究人员总共分析了32种不同的污染物，其中一些是与不同大小的颗粒结合在一起的，其他则是气态的。这个项目关注的重点是多环芳烃。在城市中，交通是这些污染物的最大来源，它们是由于发动机不完全燃烧而释放出来的。故选A。
28.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，虽然树木和绿色植物有助于提高城市的空气质量，但归根结底，最重要的措施是减少排放。故选A。
八、
29.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据原文第一段的Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.在美国,只有23%的塑料最终被扔进了回收箱,这意味着每年有价值超过10亿美元的塑料被当作垃圾处理。可知,在美国,大部分的塑料都被当作垃圾扔掉了。故选D。
30.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据原文第一段的Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.使用塑料水瓶不仅会损害你的钱包,还会增加污染、浪费能源和水。和第二段And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.而且太多的塑料肯定会对环境造成危害,这可以解释他们发明这种新发明的目的。可知,其目的是保护环境。故选B。
31.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles.单个泡沫或一单位泡沫的价格尚未确定,但一单位泡沫的成本约为2美分,比塑料瓶更便宜。可知,其市场售价可能会比塑料瓶低。故选C。
32.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.价格正在迅速上涨,所以请关注今年这些瓶子的未来。可知,许多投资商看好储水容器Ooho的市场前景,作者也相信它一定会成功的。故选A。
九、
33.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中"This is why we're here to observe Tibetan antelope这就是我们来这里观察藏羚羊的原因。）可知，作者来西藏目的是观察藏羚羊。故选D。
34.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“My guide Zhaxi works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve.The reserve is a place for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet."(我的导游Zhaxi在Changtang国家级自然保护区工作。这个保护区是西藏西北部动植物的栖息地。）可知，Zhaxi在西藏工作。A.In Tibet在西藏；B.In Xinjiang在新疆；C.In Qinghai在青海；D.In Sichuan在四川。故选A。
35.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中"Between the 1980s and 1990s,the population of the Tibetan ant elope dropped by over 50 percent（从20世纪80年代到90年代，藏羚羊的数量下降超过了50%）可知，20世纪80年代到90年代之间，藏羚羊的数量在下降。故选B。
36.答案：C
解析：观点态度题。根据第六段中"The measures were effective.The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015.the Tibetan antelope was removed from the list of animals in da这g些措施是有效的。羚羊的数量已经恢复，并于2015年6月恢复。藏羚羊被从濒危动物名单中除名。可知，政府的保护措施是成功的。A.useless无用的；B.basic基本的；C.successful成功的；D.simple简单的。故选C。
37.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章在说藏羚羊处于濒危状态，作者呼吁大家投身保护藏羚羊。故选D。
十、
38.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段“Before the industrial revolution, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rarely climbed above 280 ppm; but during the 2014 calendar year, carbon dioxide levels ascended to 402 ppm.(在工业革命之前,大气中的二氧化碳含量很少攀升到280 ppm以上;但在2014年,二氧化碳水平ascended到了402ppm)”可知,这句话讲述大气中二氧化碳含量的上升问题。由此可知,划线词ascended的意思应该是“上升”,和选项B意思一致。故选B。
39.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“In the fall of 2014 ... at its current pace.可知,这一段主要讲述气候变化对鸟类的影响。故选D。
40.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“The first study showed that from 2014 to 2016,over a million common murres from Alaska through California died as a result of a marine heat wave.”可知,研究表明,许多普通海鸦死于海洋热浪。故选B。
41.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Visit our How You Can Help Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions page to learn what you can do to help protect these species at risk from climate disruption.”可知,这篇文章是来自于有关如何帮助减少温室气体排放的网站。由此推知,这篇文章可能来自一个科学网站。故选A。
2
一、【2023年新高考全国II卷】
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding(编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of "We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while" was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
"We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it," said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
1.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
2.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
4.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
二、 【2023年全国甲卷】
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and the iranswer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
"Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range," says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions(预防) aren't taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. "Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits," says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
5.How do Americans look at grizzlies
A. They cause mixed feelings in people. B. They should be kept in national parks.
C. They are of high scientific value. D. They are a symbol of American culture.
6.What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A. The European settlers' behavior. B. The expansion of bears' range.
C. The protection by law since 1975. D. The support of Native Americans.
7.What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies
A. The opposition of conservation groups. B. The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C. The voice of the biologists. D. The local farmers' advocates.
8.What can be ierere from the last paragraph
A. Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C. A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
三、【2023年安徽临泉模拟】
It was a sight you don't normally see: a jellyfish lying dead in the middle of a parking lot partly flooded in water. But this was no ordinary parking lot. This particular section downtown Annapolis, Maryland, is among a growing number of areas easily affected by frequent high-tide flooding in the seaside town.
High-tide floods, also known as sunny-day floods, occur when tides reach anywhere from 1. 75 to 2 feet above the daily average high tide and start spilling onto streets. These floods are usually not related to storms. The typically occur during high tides. The gravitational pull of the Moon drives the tides. Winds can also influence how high the tides come in. Then there are the climate patterns like El Nino(厄尔尼诺现象), which lead to higher-than-normal sea levels along both the U.S. East and West coasts. And, of course, the most powerful driver is sea level rise itself. Because of rising seas driven by climate change, the frequency of this kind of flood has dramatically increased in recent years. The ocean is rising at about 3. 3 millimeters, or 0.13 inches a year, mostly due to the melting of land-based ice and the heated expansion of ocean water, according to NASA.
Defenses are built in response to the high-tide floods. Half a mile up the road from Downtown Annapolis, the U.S. Naval Academy is beating back water: a seawall built alongside the river, flood walls protecting campus buildings, and classroom floors and walls made of concrete or painted cinder block—materials more resistant to flooding than carpet, wood and drywall. Still, David Kriebel, a professor of ocean engineering at the U. S. Naval Academy, said, the water is rising fast, and much of this flood protection will only last for a few decades. At that point, additional measures will have to be taken. "You can build walls, you can add inflow preventers and you can protect areas that are worth protecting, but eventually, water's going to find its way through the holes," he said. "You're not really meant to hold back the tides."
9.What is the function of the first paragraph
A. To introduce the main topic. B. To share an unusual finding.
C. To warn people to protect animals. D. To make a phenomenon convincing.
10.Which of the following contributes most to the increase of high-tide floods
A.Winds. B. Climate change.
C.Moon's gravity. D. Certain climate patterns.
11.What does David Kriebel feel about the situation in a few decades
A. Curious B.Uncertain C.Confident D.Worried
12.What's the suitable title for the text
A. The Future World: Worth the Wait
B. Climate Crisis: Solutions on the Way
C. Rising Waters: Beating Back the Tides
D. Downtown Annapolis: Emerged under Water
四、【2023年四川绵阳模拟】
For some people, October is October. On October 5, Katmai National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when fans compare before and after photos of bears to vote for the one they think has gained the most weight before they bed down for the long freezing winter. Bear 747, also known as "Bear Force One", took the first-place spot with 68,105 votes. It weighed around 1,400 pounds.
Fat Bear Week started in 2014. At first, it was just Fat Bear Tuesday. Mike Fitz, a former park keeper at Katmai, noticed that live webcams showing the bears generated a lot of online comments, so he let people vote for their favorite fat bear on the Internet. The one-day event attracted 1, 700votes. In 2015, it was extended to a week. Last year, nearly 800,000 people got involved, turning it into a global campaign.
The contest serves two main purposes. First, some of America's national parks are in remote and undeveloped areas, which are difficult or costly to reach. Fat Bear Week brings Alaska's wilderness to fans' computer screens. "It's not limited to the fortunate few who can go to the river anymore." Fitz said.
Second, Fat Bear Week brings attention to the bears and the ecosystems they live in. The 2,200 bears of Katmai are strong for feeding on some of the healthiest salmon(三文鱼) in the world, said Sara Wolman, a former park keeper. Salmon in the Pacific Northwest are suffering from overfishing, dam construction and warming rivers due to climate change. Luckily, Brooks River, which Katmai's bears like to fish in, has been free from these threats so far.
Fat Bear Week has spread like viruses. Fans and creators say it's because it shows a conservation success story. For one week, people don't have to focus on climate change or habitat loss. "Maybe things aren't super great all the time in the world," said Felicia Jimenez, who is a current Katmai keeper. "But there are some really fat bears in Alaska."
13.Why was Bear 747 the winner
A. It was the heaviest. B. It was the most famous.
C. It gained the most pounds. D. It presented the best photos.
14.What is the purpose of paragraph 2
A. To praise Mike Fitz for his work. B.To review the history of the event.
C. To show the popularity of fat bears. D. To explain the role of live webcams.
15.What can we learn about Katmai's bears
A. They bring tourists to the park. B. They have a stable food source.
C.They remain difficult to be seen. D. They face a population decline.
16.Which can be the best title for the text
A. Fat Bear Week: Conservation Is Joyful
B. Brown Bears: Winter Survival Is Crucial
C. Bear 747: A Fat Yet Healthy Champion
D. Katmai's Bears: A Special Beauty Contest
五、 【2023年山西三晋模拟】
The Dead Sea is an amazing wonder of the world: the lowest exposed spot on Earth, where the water is so full of salt that bathers float right to the top.
But today the Dead Sea is drying up, and its banks are collapsing. The water level is dropping close to 4 feet every year. The main part of the lake is now around 950 feet deep—about 15% shallower, and a third of the surface area, compared to its shape half a century ago.
"You've seen a living disaster in front of your eyes," says Jake Ben Zaken, an Israeli who says he operates the only passenger boats on the Dead Sea.
As the lake recedes, it changes the landscape around it in both beautiful and harmful ways. Beautiful salt formations are revealed where the water dries up. But there are also terrible scenes of beaches and parking lots swallowed up by sinkholes along the shore.
Solutions have been proposed to replenish(填满) the Dead Sea, but no significant action has been taken to prevent its further destruction. Climate change makes recovery of the lake seem even further out of reach.
The Dead Sea is a landlocked lake that's partly in Jordan, Israel and the Israeli-occupied West Bank. The lake—named the Dead Sea because it contains too much salt and is not suitable for aquatic(水生的) life—has been drying up for decades.
"It's a human-made problem," say environmental researchers and officials. In a region where water is rare, Israel, Jordan and Syria in the last several decades have diverted(改道) the freshwater sources that feed the Dead Sea, for drinking water and irrigation. Plus, Israeli and Jordanian companies evaporate(蒸发). Dead Sea water to harvest its rich minerals for export. The part of the lake with Israeli hotels, a popular spot for tourists to float in Dead Sea water, is actually an artificial evaporation pool in the lake's southern basin.
17.How deep was the main part of the Dead Sea 50 years ago probably
A.About 800 feet. B.About 1,000 feet.
C.About 1,100 feet. D.About 1,300 feet.
18.What does the underlined word “recedes” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Goes up. B.Gets popular. C.Flows over. D.Becomes smaller.
19.What's the last paragraph mainly about
A.The solutions to the problem. B.The future of the Dead Sea.
C.The reasons for the problem. D.The situation of the Dead Sea.
20.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.The Dead Sea Is Dying
B.The Dead Sea Is Recovering
C.The Dead Sea—a Salty Lake with Minerals
D.The Dead Sea—a Place for Tourists to Float
六、【2023年江西上饶模拟】
Around the world, rivers seem to be raging. While catastrophic flooding of Pakistan's rivers has left tens of millions without homes, a drought unseen for 500 years has squeezed Europe's major waterways almost dry. There is little disagreement about what's going on: climate change is causing both rainfall and droughts to intensify. The question now is how to manage those climate-changed waterways and, specifically, what role dams should play in fighting against the kinds of disasters.
Advocates say water storage dams will become more essential to mitigate extreme water flows by absorbing water during flooding and releasing it in times of drought. Dams, they say, can help combat climate change by producing renewable hydropower(水力发电) that is cleaner than fossil fuel energy.
However, criticisms have long centered on the negative impact most dams have on biodiversity and river ecosystems. Not only do the vast amounts of concrete used to build large dams leave huge carbon footprints, there is also much evidence that greenhouse gas emissions from dams are often far greater than previously thought. Increasingly a scientific case is also being made that dams actually worsen both floods and droughts.
Now, more dam developers are turning to "run-of-river" technology, in which the river's water flows continuously through a hydropower station without a reservoir(水库) to store it. Such projects are generally considered more environmentally friendly, but they do not allow for water to be managed according to weather conditions.
Then there are those who say we should stay away from dams, and look for ways using nature-based solutions. Many ecologists say that protecting wetlands, for example, should be a priority, since those ecosystems act as natural sponges(海绵) for floodwaters within a river basin. "We have turned river basins into economic machines that only serve people and not nature, and this creates more problems, like droughts and flooding," says Herman Wanningen, the founder of the advocacy group Dam Removal Europe. "We have to learn to cooperate with nature and not against it anymore."
21.What does the underlined word mitigate refer to in prara 2
A. Ease. B. Motivate. C.Block. D.Store.
22.Why do critics oppose the construction of dams
A. It needs a large amount of concrete. B. It destroys local ecosystem.
C. It may produce negetive effect. D. It gives off harmful gases.
23.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Dams have long lost their storage function.
B. The starting point of our solution should serve nature.
C. Flooding and droughts can help promote economy.
D. Protecting wetland is a once-and-for-all solution.
24.What's the best title for the text
A. Dams' Traditional Role: Pros and Cons.
B. Disaster Relief: Working with Nature.
C. Building More Dams: A Way Out
D. Worsening Climate Change: Take Action!
七、 【2023年山西高三模拟】
Conifers(针叶树)are generally better than broad-leaved trees at purifying air from pollutants. But deciduous(落叶的)trees may be better at taking in particle-bound pollution .A new study led by the University of Gorbenburg shows that the best trees for air purification depend on the type of pollutants involved
Trees and other greenery in cities provide many benefits that are important for the well- being of residents. Leaves and needles on trees filter air pollutants and reduce exposure to poisonous substances in the air. But which trees purify the air most effectively Researchers from the University of Gothenburg have collected leaves and needles from eleven different trees growing in the same place in the Gothenburg Botanical Garden (GBG) to analyse which substances they have absorbed.
“This tree collection provides a unique opportunity to test many different species of trees with similar environmental conditions and exposure to air pollutants," said Jenny Klingberg, a researcher of the GBG.
A total of 32 different pollutants were analysed, some of which are bound to particles of various sizes. Others are gaseous. This project has focused on PAHs(多环芳烃).In cities. traffic is the biggest source of these pollutants, which are released due to incomplete burning in engines.
“Our analyses show that different species of trees have different abilities to absorb air pollutants. Conifers generally absorb more gaseous PAHs than broad-leaved trees. Another advantage of conifers is that they also act as air purifiers in winter, when air pollution is usually at its highest," said Jenny Klingberg.
"This study contributes to improving our understanding of the ability of trees to clean the air and which species are best at absorbing air pollutants," said Jenny Klingberg. This knowledge is important for urban planning when designing sustainable cities. While trees and greenery can contribute to better air quality in eities at-the-and of the day, the most-important measure is to reduce emissions.
25.Which is the determining factor in choosing the most suitable trees to purify air
A. Air quality. B. Geographical location.
C. The height of plants. D. The kind of pollutants.
26.Why did the researchers collect leaves and needles from GBG
A. To compare their shapes. B. To create a tree collection.
C. To figure out what they absorb. D. To display them on exhibition.
27.What may cause more PAHs to be released
A. Fuel vehicles. B. Electric engines.
C. Traffic accidents. D. Complete burning.
28.What is the most effective way to better air quality in cities
A. Decreasing emissions. B. Planting more conifers.
C. Raising public awareness. D. Designing sustainable cities.
八、【2023年海南东方模拟】
Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunken or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship large amounts of Ooho bubbles(水泡) without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events, such as marathons, music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho; they have recently applied a patent for their new advancements. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at events in London, San Francisco, Boston, at conferences, festivals, and so on.
Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer’s interest while the production machine is getting up and running. It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.
29.How is most plastic dealt with in America
A. It’s sold. B. It’s recycled. C. It’s buried. D. It’s wasted.
30.Why did the team invent Ooho
A. To make a profit for a company. B. To protect the environtnent.
C. To make people eat as they drink. D. To reduce the cost of plastic bottle.
31.What can we infer about Ooho from the text
A. It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.
B. It has become popular since it began to be sold.
C. It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.
D. It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.
32.What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph
A. Ooho is to be a success in the future.
B. Ooho is being supported by smart people.
C. Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.
D. Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.
九、【2023年安徽高三模拟】
The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short trip from camp. On the plain (平原), we can just see many wild animals. This is why we're here to observe Tibetan antelopes.
Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet,Xinjiang and Qinghai.Watch them move slowly across the green grass. I'm attracted by the lovely animals.I'm also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being killed for their valuable fur.
My guide Zhaxi works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a place for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protesting the wildlife is a way of life."We're not tying to save the animals.” he says,"Actually, we're trying to save ourselves."
Between the 1980s and 1990s, the population of the Tibetan antelope dropped by over 50 percent. People were shooting antelopes to make profits. Their living places were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.
In order to save the animals, the Chinese government placed them under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.
The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015.the Tibetan antelope was removed from the list of animals in danger. The government, however,does not intend to stop the protection programs, since the threats (威胁) to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
Much is being done to protect wildlife but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. We can stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet only when we learn to exist in peace with nature.
33.The author went to Tibet in order to________. ( )
A.breathe fresh air in Tibet B.enjoy the scene in Tibet
C.learn the history of Tibet D.observe Tibetan antelopes
34.Where does Zhaxi work ( )
A.In Tibet. B.In Xinjiang C.In Qinghai. D.In Sichuan
35.What happened to the Tibetan antelope between the 1980s and 1990s ( )
A.Tibetan antelopes were well protected.
B.Tibetan antelopes population dropped
C.Tibetan antelopes lived in peace with people
D.Tibetan antelopes destroyed new roads and railways,
36.According to Paragrah6, the measures taken by the Chinese government were____.( )
A.Useless B.basic C.successful D.simple
37.What's the purpose of the text ( )
A.To kill the Tibetan antelope. B.To study the Tibetan antelope.
C.To watch the Tibetan antelope. D.To protect the Tibetan antelope.
十、【2023年陕西咸阳模拟】
Biologists are becoming more and more concerned that global climate change will probably reduce biodiversity. Some biologists estimate that 35% of animals and plants could become extinct in the wild by 2050 due to global climate change. Before the industrial revolution, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rarely climbed above 280 ppm; but during the 2014 calendar year, carbon dioxide levels ascended to 402 ppm.
In the fall of 2014, the National Audubon Society released a report entitled Birds and Climate Change. It is a comprehensive, first-of-its kind study that predicts how climate change could affect the ranges of 588 North American birds. Of the 588 North American bird species, more than half are likely to be in trouble. The National Audubon Society's models indicate that 314 species will lose more than 50 percent of their current climatic range by 2080. Of the 314 species at risk from global warming, 126 of them are classified as climate endangered. These birds are projected to lose more than 50 percent of their current range by 2050. The other 188 species are classified as climate threatened and expected to lose more than 50 percent of their current range by 2080 if global warming continues at its current pace.
In January 2020, two widely reported studies were carried out to show the dramatic impact of climate disruption on our wildlife and fisheries along the California coast. The first study showed that from 2014 to 2016, over a million common murres from Alaska through California died as a result of a marine heat wave. The second study shows that acid rainfall caused by carbon emissions is harming shell-building animals in the ocean. The study found that larval Dungeness crabs' shells suffer damage in west coast seawater, putting at risk the most profitable fishery in California and a beloved local seafood.
These newly documented impacts provide more evidence that we are running out of time to take action by drastically reducing our use of fossil fuels in order to slow the rate of climate disruption and to give birds and other animals more time to adapt.
Visit our How You Can Help Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions page to learn what you can do to help protect these species at risk from climate disruption.
38.What does “ascended” underlined in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Reduced. B.Rose. C. Fell. D. Appeared.
39.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The report on the human society. B.The reason of global warming.
C.The disappearance of the birds. D. The influence of climate change.
40.What can we learn about the two studies from Paragraph 3
A.They both had a big effect on humans. B. Many murres were killed by heat wave.
C. Crabs' shells are local people's favorite. D. Acid rain caused most carbon emission.
41.Where is this text probably taken from
A. A science website. B. An art magazine.
C.A history book. D. A diet newspaper.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：B
解析：理解具体信息题干问的是在文章开头作者描述的是什么现象。根据第一段中的"access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find" (城市居民越来越难以接触大自然）以及"it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild"(在一个城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)可知，在城市里很难接触大自然。故选B。
2.答案：D
解析：推断题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原因。根据第四段第一句话"Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories...began to emerge"(在320份提交的材料中,一种被研究人员称为"自然语言"的类别模式开始出现)可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故选D。
3.答案：C
解析：推断题干问的是我们从第五段所举的例子中可以学到什么。根据第五段所举的例子"the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying...a fountain on their lunch break"可知,年轻的职业人土周末可以在公园徒步旅行，周内可以沿着喷泉散步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故选C。
4.答案：B
解析：理解具体信息题干问的是在我们与大自然互动之前，我们应该做些什么。根据最后一段Kahn的话"And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it"(为了实现这一点，我们还需要保护自然，以便与之互动）可知，我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然。故选B。
二、
5.答案：A
解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段的"Grizzly bears...occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche(灰熊在美国人心中占据了一个矛盾的角落）"和"we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams...their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear"可知，人们对灰熊既怕又爱。由此可见，人们对它们的感情很复杂。故选A。
6.答案：C
解析：根据第三段的"In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act(1975年，灰熊被列入《美国濒危动物法案》中)"和第四段的"Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.(如今，美国大约有2000或更多头灰熊)"可以推断，灰熊数量增长与1975年以来的法律保护息息相关。故选C。
7.答案：A
解析：理解具体信息 根据题干的"the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies"可以迅速锁定第四段。根据第四段的"Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups(由于来自保护组织的诉讼，这两次尝试都被推翻了)"可知，动物保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类及野生动物管理局将灰熊从《美国濒危动物法案》中除名。故选A。
8.答案：B
解析：根据最后一段的"If people remove food and attractants... is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away(如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和营地拿走，灰熊经过时通常会平安无事。在鸡舍和其他农场动物住所周围安装电围栏对赶走灰熊也非常有效)"可以推断，人类可以和灰熊和谐共处。故选B。
三、
9.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。第一段讲述马里兰州安纳波利斯市中心的停车场被高潮洪水淹没,出现了死去的水母。下文分析高潮洪水的成因和当地的应对措施。所以第一段的功能是引出文章的主题。故选A。
10.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的And, of course, the most powerful driver is sea level rise itself. Because of rising seas driven by climate change, the frequency of this kind of flood has dramatically increased in recent years.(当然,最有力的驱动力是海平面上升本身。由于气候变化导致海平面上升,近年来这种洪水的频率急剧增加。)可知,气候变化是促使高潮洪水高频发生的最大诱因。故选B。
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的much of this flood protection will only last for a few decades 以及but eventually, water's going to find its way through the holes 和You're not really meant to hold back the tides.可以推测,David Kriebel对几十年后的情况感到担忧。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。文章讲述高潮洪水成为了沿海地区的一大威胁,高潮洪水的主要成因是气候变化。城市所采取的措施解决了眼下的问题。故C项Rising Waters: Beating Back the Tides 适合做标题。故选C。
四、
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“On October 5, Katmai National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when fans compare before and after photos of bears to vote for the one they think has gained the most weight before they bed down for the long freezing winter.(10月5日,阿拉斯加南部的卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区拉开了胖熊黄金周的序幕,粉丝们根据前后对比照片,投给在它们睡下度过漫长寒冷的冬天之前体重增加最多的熊可知,粉丝们投给他们认为夏天里体重增加最多,为冬眠做好准备的熊)”所以Bear 747获胜是因为它体重增加得最多。故选C。
14.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容,结合本段前两句“Fat Bear Week started in 2014. At first, it was just Fat Bear Tuesday.(胖熊周始于2014年。一开始,它只是“胖熊星期二”)”及最后两句“In 2015, it was extended to a week. Last year, nearly 800,000 people got involved, turning it into a global campaign.(2015年,它延长至一周。去年,近80万人参与其中,使之成为一项全球性活动)”可知,本段旨在回顾“胖熊黄金周”的历史。故选B。
15.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Luckily, Brooks River, which Katmai's bears like to fish in, has been free from these threats so far.(幸运的是,到目前为止,布鲁克斯河还没有受到这些威胁,卡特迈公园的熊喜欢在此捕鱼)”可知,卡特迈公园的熊有一个稳定的食物来源。故选B。
16.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容,结合最后一段中“Fans and creators say it's because it shows a conservation success story.(粉丝们和创作者们说这是因为它展示了一个环保成功的故事)”可知,文章主要介绍了阿拉斯加南部的卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区举行的“胖熊黄金周”活动,它以一种竞技方式让人们关注熊及它们所居住的生态系统,故A项“胖熊黄金周:环境保护也可以很快乐”适合作为文章标题。故选A。
五、
17.答案：C
解析：数字计算题。根据第二段可知,目前死海主体的深度大约是950英尺,比起半个世纪前变浅了15%。也就是X-15%X=950,可计算出X等于1,117。故选C。
18.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据上文可知,死海目前正在不断干涸、水平面逐年下降,也就是不断"变小"。故选D。
19.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,本段作者主要分析了死海水分流失、逐年变浅的主要原因。故选C。
20.答案：A
解析：标题归纳题。综合全文可知,本文主要告诉我们：由于气候变化及人为原因,死海正在不断干涸、走向死亡。故选A。
六、
21.答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据下文"by absorbing water during flooding and releasing it in times of drought.(通过在洪水期间吸收水分,在干旱时释放水分。)"可推断,支持者表示,蓄水大坝通过在洪水期间吸收水分,在干旱时释放水分对于缓解极端水流是更加必不可少的,划线词与A项意思相近。A.Ease.缓解;B.Motivate.激励;C.Block.阻止;D.Store.储存。故选A。
22.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中"However, criticisms have long centered on the negative impact most dams have on biodiversity and river ecosystems. Not only do the vast amounts of concrete used to build large dams leave huge carbon footprints, there is also much evidence that greenhouse gas emissions from dams are often far greater than previously thought. Increasingly a scientific case is also being made that dams actually worsen both floods and droughts.(然而,长期以来,批评都集中在大多数大坝对生物多样性和河流生态系统的负面影响上。建造大型水坝所用的大量混凝土不仅会留下巨大的碳足迹,而且有大量证据表明,大坝排放的温室气体往往远远超过人们之前的想象。越来越多的科学案例表明,大坝实际上会加剧洪水和干旱。)"可知,批评者反对建造大坝是因为它可能会产生相反的效果。故选C。
23.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中"We have turned river basins into economic machines that only serve people and not nature, and this creates more problems, like droughts and flooding(我们把河流流域变成了只服务于人类而不是自然的经济机器,这造成了更多的问题,比如干旱和洪水)"及"We have to learn to cooperate with nature and not against it anymore.(我们必须学会与自然合作,而不是对抗它)"可知,我们解决方案的出发点应该是为自然服务。故选B。
24.答案：C
解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容,结合第一段中"The question now is how to manage those climate-changed waterways and, specifically, what role dams should play in fighting against the kinds of disasters.(现在的问题是如何管理这些受气候变化影响的水道,特别是大坝在减轻这类灾害方面应该发挥什么作用)"可知,气候变化正在导致降雨和干旱加剧,文章主要讨论建造大坝是否是解决这类灾害的出路,故C项"建造更多大坝:这是一条出路吗 "适合作为文章标题。A. Dams' Traditional Role: Pros and Cons.水坝的传统角色:利弊;B.Disaster Relief: Working with Nature.与自然合作;C.Building More Dams: A Way Out 建造更多大坝:这是一条出路吗 ;D. Worsening Climate Change: Take Action!日益恶化的气候变化:采取行动。故选C。
七、
25.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，净化空气的最佳树木取决于所涉及的污染物的类型。故选D。
26.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，哥德堡大学的研究人员收集了生长在哥德堡植物园内同一地点的11棵不同树木的叶子，目的是分析它们捕获了哪些物质。故选C。
27.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，研究人员总共分析了32种不同的污染物，其中一些是与不同大小的颗粒结合在一起的，其他则是气态的。这个项目关注的重点是多环芳烃。在城市中，交通是这些污染物的最大来源，它们是由于发动机不完全燃烧而释放出来的。故选A。
28.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，虽然树木和绿色植物有助于提高城市的空气质量，但归根结底，最重要的措施是减少排放。故选A。
八、
29.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据原文第一段的Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.在美国,只有23%的塑料最终被扔进了回收箱,这意味着每年有价值超过10亿美元的塑料被当作垃圾处理。可知,在美国,大部分的塑料都被当作垃圾扔掉了。故选D。
30.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据原文第一段的Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.使用塑料水瓶不仅会损害你的钱包,还会增加污染、浪费能源和水。和第二段And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.而且太多的塑料肯定会对环境造成危害,这可以解释他们发明这种新发明的目的。可知,其目的是保护环境。故选B。
31.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles.单个泡沫或一单位泡沫的价格尚未确定,但一单位泡沫的成本约为2美分,比塑料瓶更便宜。可知,其市场售价可能会比塑料瓶低。故选C。
32.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.价格正在迅速上涨,所以请关注今年这些瓶子的未来。可知,许多投资商看好储水容器Ooho的市场前景,作者也相信它一定会成功的。故选A。
九、
33.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中"This is why we're here to observe Tibetan antelope这就是我们来这里观察藏羚羊的原因。）可知，作者来西藏目的是观察藏羚羊。故选D。
34.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“My guide Zhaxi works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve.The reserve is a place for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet."(我的导游Zhaxi在Changtang国家级自然保护区工作。这个保护区是西藏西北部动植物的栖息地。）可知，Zhaxi在西藏工作。A.In Tibet在西藏；B.In Xinjiang在新疆；C.In Qinghai在青海；D.In Sichuan在四川。故选A。
35.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中"Between the 1980s and 1990s,the population of the Tibetan ant elope dropped by over 50 percent（从20世纪80年代到90年代，藏羚羊的数量下降超过了50%）可知，20世纪80年代到90年代之间，藏羚羊的数量在下降。故选B。
36.答案：C
解析：观点态度题。根据第六段中"The measures were effective.The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015.the Tibetan antelope was removed from the list of animals in da这g些措施是有效的。羚羊的数量已经恢复，并于2015年6月恢复。藏羚羊被从濒危动物名单中除名。可知，政府的保护措施是成功的。A.useless无用的；B.basic基本的；C.successful成功的；D.simple简单的。故选C。
37.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章在说藏羚羊处于濒危状态，作者呼吁大家投身保护藏羚羊。故选D。
十、
38.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段“Before the industrial revolution, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rarely climbed above 280 ppm; but during the 2014 calendar year, carbon dioxide levels ascended to 402 ppm.(在工业革命之前,大气中的二氧化碳含量很少攀升到280 ppm以上;但在2014年,二氧化碳水平ascended到了402ppm)”可知,这句话讲述大气中二氧化碳含量的上升问题。由此可知,划线词ascended的意思应该是“上升”,和选项B意思一致。故选B。
39.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“In the fall of 2014 ... at its current pace.可知,这一段主要讲述气候变化对鸟类的影响。故选D。
40.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“The first study showed that from 2014 to 2016,over a million common murres from Alaska through California died as a result of a marine heat wave.”可知,研究表明,许多普通海鸦死于海洋热浪。故选B。
41.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Visit our How You Can Help Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions page to learn what you can do to help protect these species at risk from climate disruption.”可知,这篇文章是来自于有关如何帮助减少温室气体排放的网站。由此推知,这篇文章可能来自一个科学网站。故选A。
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