2024届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点17 说明文B卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点17 说明文B卷（含解析） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-07-17 17:53:37 | ||
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2024届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点17 说明文（B卷）
1. People who have difficulty in falling asleep may put on a pair of socks when they are going to sleep. It is said that it will promote sleep. What is the reason behind it
To understand why, you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body works at an average temperature of 37℃. But at night, your core body temperature dips as much as 1.2℃ over the course of six or seven hours of sleep.
This gradual decrease in core body temperature, as it turns out, is a key part of the complicated neurobiological (神经生物学的) behavior of falling asleep and staying asleep. And the faster you can lower your core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep. The palms of your hands and soles of your feet are the body's most efficient heat exchangers, since they are hairless and less insulated (有隔热保护的) than other skin surfaces.
Studies have shown that warming the feet before going to sleep by having a warm foot bath or by wearing socks promotes vasodilation (血管舒张), which in turn lowers the body's core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet.
In a study, Korean researchers found that wearing a pair of special "sleeping socks" not only speeded up the onset of sleep, but increased the overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking episodes in half.
These scientific studies confirm that wearing socks to bed can actually promote sleep. If you're one of those people who have trouble falling asleep, put on a pair of socks at bedtime!
1. What does getting to sleep mainly depend on
A. The average temperature of human bodies.
B. The overall sleep time.
C. The insulated hands.
D. The drop in core body temperature.
2. Which parts of the body mainly give off heat
A. The head and hair. B. Skin and bloody
C. The heart and lungs. D. Hands and Feet.
3. Which of the following is not one of the benefits of wearing socks when sleeping
A. Falling asleep quicker. B. Feeling comfortable.
C. Increasing the sleep time. D. Waking up less often at night.
4. Where does the passage probably come from
A. A newspaper. B. A travel guide.
C. A science report. D. A fashion magazine.
2. "We thought dogs would behave like children under age 5, but now we guess that perhaps dogs can understand when someone is dishonest," says Huber at the University of Vienna in Austria. "Maybe they think, 'This person has the same knowledge as me, but is giving me the wrong information.' It's possible they could see that as intentionally misleading, which is lying."
Once that trust was established, the team had the dogs witness another person move the food from the first to the second howl. The communicators were either in the room, and also witnessed the switch, or were briefly absent and so apparently unaware that the food had been switched. In either case, the communicators would later recommend the first bowl, which was now empty.
In previous versions of this experiment with children under age 5, the participants reacted in particular ways. They would typically ignore a communicator who gave honest but misleading advice on where the food was. However, if the communicator had been in the room and witnessed the switch, but still recommended the first (now empty) howl, young children were actually much more likely to follow the communicator's knowingly misleading suggestion.
This may be because the children and non-human primates(灵长类) trusted the communicator over the evidence of their own eyes, says Huber.
The dogs in the new experiment, however, weren't so trusting of lying communicators, much to the researchers' surprise, says Huber. Half of the dogs would follow the communicator's misleading advice if the communicator hadn't witnessed the food switch. But about two-thirds of dogs ignored a communicator who had witnessed the food switch and still recommended the now-empty bowl. These dogs simply went to the bowl filled with food instead. "They did not rely on the communicator anymore," says Huber.
1. What do Huber's words in the first paragraph imply
A. Dogs are a lot cleverer than we thought.
B. Dogs can be trained to act like children.
C. Dogs can understand everything humans mean.
D. Dogs won't believe people any longer.
2. What's the purpose of the third paragraph
A. To draw a conclusion. B. To sum up the reason.
C. To make a comparison. D. To lead in a new experiment.
3. Who would the dogs trust after the food was moved
A. The one who moved the food.
B. The one who didn't see the food switch.
C. The one who saw the food switch and told the truth.
D. The one who saw the food switch and recommended the wrong bowl.
4. What can we conclude from the passage
A. We should treat dogs honestly.
B. Dogs are cleverer than children under age 5.
C. We can train dogs to find food in different ways.
D. Dogs judge the communicator mainly by what they see.
3. During the time of the pharaohs(法老), the rich soils along the Nile River supported roughly 3 million people. Now there are 30 times that number of people living in Egypt, with the Egyptian population soaring from 45 million in the 1980s to over 100 million now.
Just 4% of Egypt's land is suitable for agriculture, and that number is reducing quickly due to the urban and suburban development and the population growth. "It's not an exaggeration (夸张) to say that this is a crisis," said Nasem Badreldin, an expert at the University of Manitoba. "Satellite data shows that Egypt is losing about 2% of its farmland per decade due to urbanization, and the process is speeding. If this continues, Egypt will face serious food security problems."
Satellite dataalso shows how much farmland has been lost to development around the city of Alexandria between the 1980s and 2021. Farmland areas appear green; towns and cities are gray. According to one analysis, the amount of farmland near Alexandria dropped by 11% between 1987 and 2019, while urban areas increased by 11%. In recent years, Egyptian government has promised to end unlicensed building on farmland, which remains a difficult task to fulfill.
Urbanization isn't the only factor to reduce Egypt's farmland. Sea level rise of 1.6 millimeters per year has contributed to the salinization (盐碱化) of farmland in Egypt. About 15% of Egypt's richest farmland has already been damaged by sea level rise and saltwater intrusion(侵入). One response to the loss of farmland has included efforts to green parts of the desert. For instance, Farouk El-Baz, Boston University scientist, has planned to build highways, railways, water pipelines, and power lines to promote the establishment of new farmland in deserts west of the delta.
While that project hasn't been finished, much of desert has turned into farmland in recent decades. The satellite photos show new farmland along the Cairo Highway. A mixture of center-pivot irrigation(灌溉) and drip irrigation makes farming in this area possible. "It is certainly possible to establish new farmland from the desert by tapping groundwater resources, though it's a little expensive process," said Badreldin.
1. What does the underlined "this" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. The urban expansion. B. The reduction of farmland.
C. The suburban development. D. The growth of population.
2. How many factors are mentioned that have caused the loss of farmland
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. What is Badreldin's attitude to the establishment of new farmland
A. Uncertain. B. Optimistic. C. Disapproving. D. Doubtful.
4. What is the best title of the passage
A. The Food Security Problems in Egypt
B. The Urbanization Along Nile River
C. Agricultural Development Along Nile River
D. Egypt's Disappearing Farmland
4. Despite being there for your safety, many people still ignore the red man at traffic lights and cross early, running the risk of a deadly accident. Now Smart, a car maker, has come up with a smart idea for an experiment to see if safety could be improved at traffic lights by encouraging pedestrians to wait for the green man with a "Dancing Traffic Light".
The Dancing Traffic Light was designed to draw the attention of people who were standing waiting to cross the road in Portugal. It shows a dancing red figure, as opposed to the static (静态的) figure that is normally shown. The figure is a low-resolution (低分辨率的) representation of someone who is in a room nearby, dancing.
Those who want to dance can go into the room and then select music of their choice. When the traffic light turns red, the music plays and the individual can then start to dance. A video is fed of the person dancing in real lime to the traffic light and the dancing red figure can keep pedestrians amused while they wait.
Apart from providing entertainment for pedestrians as they wait to cross the road, there is also the "gaming" side to the Dancing Traffic Light as anyone can be the dancing figure and so he or she can contribute to the project.
This isn't the first time that entertainment has been used for positive social outcomes. The Volkswagen Fun Theory campaign involved a Piano Staircase which encouraged people to walk up the stairs instead of using an elevator and the Bottle Bank Arcade that was made to encourage people to recycle.
Smart said that 81 % more people stopped at die red light to watch it dance while they waited for the green light to appear.
1. Why did Smart design the Dancing Traffic Light
A. To help reduce traffic accidents.
B. To make traffic lights more interesting.
C. To provide entertainment for pedestrians.
D. To draw the attention of pedestrians.
2. What is the idea behind the Dancing Traffic Light
A. A real person dances beside the traffic light.
B. A pedestrian performs a dance while waiting.
C. An individual dances to various music in a room.
D. A figure dances in real time to red traffic lights.
3. What does the author want to stress in Paragraph 5
A. The needs for more such campaigns.
B. The use of entertainment in some social activities.
C. The influence of the Dancing Traffic Light.
D. The good results of safety products.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Road Safety—An Essential Task
B. A Campaign—A Solution from the Air
C. A Dancing Traffic Light—A Guardian of Life
D. Smart—A Pioneer in Traffic Light Research
5. The world produces around 359 million tons of plastics each year. Plastics are certainly a big problem, but they don't necessarily have to be. There are many ways we could set plastics on a different lifecycle. One that I have been working on is turning plastics into a hardy, reliable and sustainable building material.
Most people believe that plastics recycling is severely limited: only a few types can be recycled. This is unsurprising. The proportion of plastics that are recycled is minimal (最低限度的). But all polymers (聚合物) are, technologically, recyclable. Some of them can be used again and again to produce the same goods. Some can technically be reprocessed into new materials for different applications.
The problem is that recycling much of this plastic waste is currently unprofitable. But the amount of these materials all over the world is large and keeps on growing. What if this plastic waste could be used to produce something useful to the society Many universities and businessmen are attempting to do this. Most solutions target mixed plastics waste and suggest applications different from the original ones. For example, several groups have developed building materials made of plastic waste.
Plastics are strong, durable, waterproof, lightweight and recyclable—all key properties for construction materials. So, what if all of this plastic waste could be turned into building materials for low-income populations Existing actions are promising, but not yet reproducible on an industrial scale.
I study plastic waste with the aim of finding interesting ways to remove it from the environment. From agricultural waste to concrete waste, there are many ways to obtain materials to produce bricks and other useful elements for buildings.
So perhaps plastics are not necessarily the problem. They can be part of a pathway towards a more sustainable way of living.
1. What can we conclude from Paragraph 1
A. Man has found a way to reuse plastics.
B. The problem with plastics is quite serious.
C. The author feels optimistic about plastics.
D. Plastics are considered reliable daily products.
2. What does the underlined word "them" refer to in Paragraph 2
A. Plastics. B. Polymers. C. Goods. D. Materials.
3. What do we know about plastic recycling
A. It draws public attention to plastic waste.
B. It has benefited construction industry.
C. It brings about no profits at present.
D. It can be done on a large scale.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Plastics—a Potential Building Material B. The Threat of Plastics
C. Plastics—a Global Problem D. The Effects of Plastics
6. According to a new study, palm oil (棕榈油) could do more harm than we realized, potentially playing a role in encouraging cancer to spread throughout the body. In a study conducted on mice, the researchers discovered that a fatty acid within palm oil could promote the metastasis (转移) of skin and mouth cancer cells. The effect lasted even when the tumor (肿瘤) ceils were exposed to palm oil for a short time before being removed.
"In this study, we detail the process and show the involvement of a metastasis 'memory' ability and we point to a curing approach to reverse it. This is promising," says Dr. Aznar-Benitah, who was involved in the study.
Previous studies only had shown palm oil could promote metastasis in cancer. To discover exactly how, the researchers took samples of oral tumor cells and skin cancer and exposed them to a diet rich in palm oil. These cells were then transplanted into mice to see whether the diet would change their behavior and encourage them to spread more readily. They found that the diet made them more aggressive, increasing their potential lo spread in the mice. Alarmingly, even cells exposed to the diet for just a short time showed that same aggression, suggesting the cells developed a "memory" impression as a result of the palm oil.
The tumor cells experienced special changes that stimulated Shwann cells (the cells wrapping around neurons, like the plastic around electrical wires). This generated a neural network around the tumor cells that allowed it to grow and spread. With 90 percent of cancer deaths from the cancer spreading throughout the body, containing metastasis could he a game-changer in cancer treatment. In the study, the researchers suggest fighting palm-oil-promoted metastasis by blocking the action of Schwann cells, hut this will need further testing to verify.
"There is something very special about the palmitic acid within palm oil that makes it an extremely strong promoter of metastasis," said Dr. Aznar-Benitah. "I think it is too early to determine which type of diet could be consumed by cancer patients that would slow down the metastasis process."
1. What will happen to tumor cells when they contact palm oil temporarily
A. They will produce a matter of fatty acid.
B. They will be promoted to spread in the body.
C. They will remain as inactive as before.
D. They will multiply at a very slow speed.
2. Which of the following can best explain the meaning of the underlined word "reverse" in Paragraph 2
A. Occupy. B. Accelerate. C. Transform. D. Worsen.
3. What is the most possible shortage of the previous studies
A. They performed experiments on newly-born mice.
B. They took some samples of skin cancer cells only.
C. They never told how cancer cells were put into mice.
D. They didn't explore how palm oil promoted cancer shifting.
4. What do we know about Shwann cells
A. They are the products of cancer shifting.
B. They advance the spread of tumor cells.
C. They are too aggressive to be contained.
D. They lie in skin and mouth cancer cells.
7.A new study, published in The Journal of Experimental Psychology, found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.
In the study, researchers used various experiments to gauge (测量) connectedness. In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then assigned people at random to do one or the other. Although people anticipated (预料) that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone's voice actually made the experience better. However, people who participated in the experiment reported that they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone versus email, and they did not feel more awkward.
In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connected by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication — whether video or audio only — made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via text.
Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist based in New York City, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can "correspond information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person."
Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message. Each party is more present, and therefore, able to gauge the meaning behind the content without ruminating (认真思考) on the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation.
1. What is the purpose of the study
A. To encourage people to let their fingers do the talking.
B. To introduce the effects of verbal and non-verbal communications.
C. To demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of making phone calls.
D. To compare connectedness of communication through voice and typing.
2. Which way will make you feel more connected if you miss a friend far away
A. Typing a letter. B. Sending an email.
C. Having a video chat. D. Texting a message.
3. What does "a controlled form of communication" refer to in Paragraph 4
A. A way to talk about controlled topics.
B. A way to communicate without time limit.
C. A way to explain something without delay.
D. A way to express thoughts without being disturbed.
4. What advantage does making phone calls over texting
A. Being more formal. B. Being less awkward.
C. Being more straightforward. D. Being less expensive.
8.Do you enjoy watching beautiful sunsets and seeing wildlife in some of the best parts of Wisconsin Do you like being around people who share the same respect and love for natural resources If you say "yes", then a fisheries biologist is a great career choice for you.
As you can probably guess, education is very important. A Bachelor of Science degree in fisheries or biology is strongly recommended. Many biologists have a Master's degree. But it's not only good education that prepares you for a career as a fisheries biologist—field experience is also important. Volunteer work, internships and short-term fish technician positions are good ways to gain valuable training that can give you an edge in the competitive job market.
In addition to good education and field experience, a fisheries biologist needs other skills. You'll spend a lot of time working with the public, so it's important to feel comfortable talking to a variety of people. Good communication, listening, and presentation skills are a must.
A common misconception among many people is that fisheries biologists get to fish all the time. Most biologists wish that were true. But as a fisheries biologist, you are especially busy during the fishing season, which leaves little time for you to actually go fishing. It's sad, but true.
Each day brings something different in the life of a fisheries biologist. In the spring and fall, you spend a lot of time on the water shocking fish in order to sample the population, studying fish, and talking with people. The winter is spent analyzing fish data and communicating with the public.
So if you find fish interesting and fun to learn about, and like working both outside and inside, consider a career as a fisheries biologist. You'll never be bored!
1. We can infer this passage is written to _____.
A. advise us to respect and protect wildlife
B. encourage us to spend more time working outside
C. explain why education is important for our career
D. introduce a good career to those who are interested in wildlife
2.What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about
A. Education needed to find a good job.
B. Requirements for becoming a fisheries biologist.
C. The benefits of being a fisheries biologist.
D. Some good ways to gain valuable training.
3. The underlined word "misconception" in Paragraph 4 probably means "_____".
A. question
B. misunderstanding
C. dream
D. explanation
4. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A. fisheries biologists like working in winter most
B. fisheries biologists can easily get bored with their work
C. fisheries biologists get to fish all the time all year round
D. fisheries biologists spend a lot of time working outside in the spring and fall
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 DDBC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句This gradual decrease in core body temperature, as it turns out, is a key part of the complicated neurobiological behavior of falling asleep and staying asleep.可知,核心体温的逐渐下降是入睡和保持睡眠这一复杂的神经生物学行为的关键。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的The palms of your hands and soles of your feet are the body's most efficient heat exchangers可知,手掌和脚掌是身体最有效的传热器。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的wearing a pair of special "sleeping socks" not only speeded up the onset of sleep, but increased the overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking episodes in half可知,穿袜子睡觉不仅加快了入睡过程,而且使总睡眠时间平均增加了30分钟,还使夜间醒来的次数减少了一半。B项(感觉舒服)在文章中未提及。故选B。
4.推理判断题。本文主要介绍了穿袜子睡觉有助于睡眠的原因以及相关研究,故本文应出自一篇科学报告。故选C。
2.答案：1-4 ACBA
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段内容尤其是第一句中的"but now we guess that perhaps dogs can understand when someone is dishonest"可知,Huber猜测也许当某个人不诚实时,狗会知道。由此可推知,Huber的话表明狗比我们所认为的要聪明得多。故选A。
2.目的意图题。通读全文尤其是第三段内容可知,本段主要介绍了5岁以下儿童寻找食物的特定方式,此种方式与狗寻找食物的方式明显不同。由此可推知,作者写第三段的目的是将儿童与狗寻找食物的方式进行对比。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、三句中的"Half of the dogs would follow the communicator's misleading advice if the communicator hadn't witnessed the food switch. But about two-thirds of dogs ignored a communicator who had witnessed the food switch"可知,如果交流者没有看到食物的转移,一半的狗会听从交流者的误导性的建议,但大约三分之二的狗会忽视看到了食物的转移的交流者(的建议)。由此可推知,当食物被移动后,狗会信任没有看到食物被移动的人。故选B。
4.推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段内容可知,文章介绍了一项实验,该实验表明狗比人类想象得要聪明得多,如果你给狗留下了不诚实的印象,那么它们就不会再相信你了。由此可推知,我们应该诚实地对待狗。故选A。
3.答案：1-4 BABD
解析：1.指代判断题。根据第二段第一句中的"Just 4% of Egypt's land is suitable for agriculture, and that number is reducing quickly"和倒数第二句"Satellite data shows that Egypt is losing about 2% of its farmland per decade due to urbanization, and the process is speeding."可知,埃及仅有4%的土地适合耕种,而且这一数字正在迅速减少。卫星数据显示,由于城市化,埃及每十年就会失去大约2%的耕地,并且这个过程正在加快。结合画线词所在句可知,毫不夸张地说,这是一个危机。由此可推知,"this"指的是耕地的减少。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是第一、二句"Urbanization isn't the only factor to reduce Egypt's farmland. Sea level rise of 1.6 millimeters per year has contributed to the salinization(盐碱化) of farmland in Egypt."可知,城市化并不是埃及耕地减少的唯一因素。每年海平面上升1.6毫米导致埃及土地盐碱化。由此可知,导致耕地减少的主要因素有两个:城市化和海平面上升。故选A。
3.观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句中的"It is certainly possible to establish new farmland from the desert by tapping groundwater resources, though it's a little expensive process"可知,通过利用地下水资源在沙漠中建立新的耕地是完全有可能的,虽然这是一个(成本)有点昂贵的过程。由此可推知,Badreldin对于建立新的耕地持乐观的态度。故选B。
4.标题概括题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了随着埃及城市化以及海平面的上升,埃及正面临着耕地减少的危机。D项准确概括文章内容,是本文的最佳标题。故选D。
4.答案：1-4 ADBC
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句"Now Smart, a carmaker, has come up with a smart idea for an experiment to see if safety could be improved at traffic lights by encouraging pedestrians to wait for the green man with a 'Dancing Traffic Light'."可知,这家名为Smart的汽车制造商设计出跳舞的交通信号灯是为了减少交通事故的发生。故选A。
2.考查细节理解。根据第三段第二、三句"When the traffic light turns red, the music plays and the individual can then start to dance. A video is fed of the person dancing in real time to the traffic light…"可知,当交通信号灯变成红色时,(那个房间里)会有音乐响起,而那个人会开始实时跳舞。故选D。
3.考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容可知,本段首句衔接上文,指出了跳舞的交通信号灯这个项目以娱乐形式取得了积极的社会成效。紧接着下文提到其他类似的应用了娱乐形式的活动。由此可推断,作者在第五段是想强调在一些社会活动中娱乐形式的使用。故选B。
4.考查主旨大意。通读全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了汽车制造商Smart设计出的一款跳舞的交通信号灯,该设计旨在鼓励行人遵守交通规则,以减少交通事故的发生。由此可知,C项"跳舞的交通信号灯——生命的守护者"为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
5.答案：1-4 CBCA
解析：1.考查推理判断。由第一段中的"Plastics are certainly a big problem, but they don't necessarily have to be. There are many ways we could set plastics on a different lifecycle."可知,虽然塑料是个大问题,但是作者认为有很多能让塑料被我们循环利用的方法。由此可知,作者对塑料持有一种乐观的态度。故选C。
2.考查代词指代。画线词所在句承接上一句"But all polymers(聚合物) are, technologically, recyclable.",这一句的意思是"但是从技术上来说,所有的聚合物都是可以被循环利用的",画线词所在句(它们中的一些可以一次又一次地被用来生产同样的商品)承接上文的意思,故them指代的是polymers。故选B。
3.考查细节理解。由第三段中的第一句"The problem is that recycling much of this plastic waste is currently unprofitable."可知,目前对塑料的回收利用不能带来利润。故选C。
4.考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了塑料的回收利用问题。文章的第一段最后一句提到,作者一直致力于把塑料变成一种适应力强、耐用和可靠的可持续性建筑材料。第二段的最后一句也提到,从技术上看,聚合物可以被加工成不同用途的材料。其他段落也主要介绍了塑料的这个用途,特别是倒数第三段明确提出了将塑料制成建筑材料的可行性。故选A。
6.答案：1-4 BCDB
解析：1.考查细节理解。由第一段中的"…potentially playing a role in encouraging cancer to spread throughout the body."和"The effect lasted even when the tumor(肿瘤) cells were exposed to palm oil for a short time before being removed.",以及第三段中的"Alarmingly, even cells exposed to the diet for just a short time showed that same aggression…"可知,即使肿瘤细胞短暂接触棕榈油,也能导致其快速扩散。故选B。
2.考查词义猜测。由第一段第二句的"…the researchers discovered that a fatty acid within palm oil could promote the metastasis(转移) of skin and mouth cancer cells."和画线单词前的a curing approach to可知,reverse是"转变;使反转"的意思。故选C。
3.考查细节理解。由第三段第一句和第二句可知,以前的研究仅仅表明棕榈油会促使癌症转移,但是没有探究棕榈油具体是怎样导致癌症转移的。故选D。
4.考查细节理解。由第四段第一句和第二句可知,肿瘤细胞的特殊变化刺激了施万细胞,从而在肿瘤细胞周围产生了一个神经网络,使得肿瘤细胞生长和扩散。故选B。
7.答案：1-4DCDC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段可知,发表在《实验心理学杂志》上的一项新研究发现,包括语音在内的交流互动,如电话或视频聊天,比打字,如短信或电子邮件,能产生更强的社会联系;结合第二段第一句 In the study, researchers used various experiments to gauge the bond.可知,在这项研究中,研究人员使用了各种实验来衡量纽带关系。所以可知,这项研究的目的是比较语音和打字沟通的纽带关系。A项"鼓励人们用手指说话"、B项"介绍语言和非语言交流的影响"和 C项"展示打电话的优点和缺点"都不是文中提及的研究的目的。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句However, people... reported that they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone versus email...可知,通过电话和老朋友联系会建立一种更强烈的联系。由此可知,如果你想念远方的朋友,视频聊天这种方式会让你们感觉更亲近。故选C。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文communicate information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person可知,完全按照自己的意图传递信息,而不会被对方意外补充。所以推断画线部分指的是一种不受干扰的表达思想的方式。A项"谈论可控话题的一种方式";B项"一种没有时间限制的交流方式"C项"一种没有延迟的解释某事的方式"。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Romanoff说在现实生活中,发短信会让人很难判断谈话背后的真实意思。考虑到信息的净效应,打电话实际上更方便。每一方都在场,因此, 能够判断内容背后的意义,而不必推敲词和标点背后无尽可能的含义。所以可推断出,相比发短信,打电话的优势在于更直截了当。根据第二段中的Although people anticipated that a phone call would be more awkward 可知,人们都觉得打电话会更尴尬,所以B项"不怎么尴尬"错误;A 项"更正式"和D项"不太贵"不是原文的信息。故选C。
8.答案：1-4DBBD
解析：1.推理判断题。第一段由"Do you enjoy watching beautiful sunsets and seeing wildlife in some of the best parts of Wisconsin Do you like being around people who share the same respect and love for natural resources "两个问题引出渔业生物学家这一职业,下文详细介绍了该职业的要求和工作内容。由此推知,文章的写作目的是向那些对野生动物感兴趣的人介绍一个好的职业。其他三项不是本文的写作目的。 故选D。
2.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的"As you can probably guess, education is very important."和第三段的"In addition to good education and field experience, a fisheries biologist needs other skills."可知,二、三两段主要讲的是成为一名渔业生物学家的要求,不仅需要好的教育、实地经验,还需要沟通能力等技能。故选B。
3.词义猜测题。根据下文"But as a fisheries biologist, you are especially busy during the fishing season, which leaves little time for you to actually go fishing. It's sad, but true."可知,许多人误认为渔业生物学家的工作就是一直在捕鱼。由此推知,画线词misconception的意思是"误解"。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的"In the spring and fall, you spend a lot of time on the water shocking fish in order to sample the population, studying fish, and talking with people." 可推知,渔业生物学家在春天和秋天花很多时间在外面工作。文中并未表明他们最喜欢在冬天工作,故A项不正确;由最后一段最后一句"You'll never be bored!"可知B项错误;由第四段中的"which leaves little time for you to actually go fishing"可知C项错误。故选D。
2
1. People who have difficulty in falling asleep may put on a pair of socks when they are going to sleep. It is said that it will promote sleep. What is the reason behind it
To understand why, you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body works at an average temperature of 37℃. But at night, your core body temperature dips as much as 1.2℃ over the course of six or seven hours of sleep.
This gradual decrease in core body temperature, as it turns out, is a key part of the complicated neurobiological (神经生物学的) behavior of falling asleep and staying asleep. And the faster you can lower your core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep. The palms of your hands and soles of your feet are the body's most efficient heat exchangers, since they are hairless and less insulated (有隔热保护的) than other skin surfaces.
Studies have shown that warming the feet before going to sleep by having a warm foot bath or by wearing socks promotes vasodilation (血管舒张), which in turn lowers the body's core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet.
In a study, Korean researchers found that wearing a pair of special "sleeping socks" not only speeded up the onset of sleep, but increased the overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking episodes in half.
These scientific studies confirm that wearing socks to bed can actually promote sleep. If you're one of those people who have trouble falling asleep, put on a pair of socks at bedtime!
1. What does getting to sleep mainly depend on
A. The average temperature of human bodies.
B. The overall sleep time.
C. The insulated hands.
D. The drop in core body temperature.
2. Which parts of the body mainly give off heat
A. The head and hair. B. Skin and bloody
C. The heart and lungs. D. Hands and Feet.
3. Which of the following is not one of the benefits of wearing socks when sleeping
A. Falling asleep quicker. B. Feeling comfortable.
C. Increasing the sleep time. D. Waking up less often at night.
4. Where does the passage probably come from
A. A newspaper. B. A travel guide.
C. A science report. D. A fashion magazine.
2. "We thought dogs would behave like children under age 5, but now we guess that perhaps dogs can understand when someone is dishonest," says Huber at the University of Vienna in Austria. "Maybe they think, 'This person has the same knowledge as me, but is giving me the wrong information.' It's possible they could see that as intentionally misleading, which is lying."
Once that trust was established, the team had the dogs witness another person move the food from the first to the second howl. The communicators were either in the room, and also witnessed the switch, or were briefly absent and so apparently unaware that the food had been switched. In either case, the communicators would later recommend the first bowl, which was now empty.
In previous versions of this experiment with children under age 5, the participants reacted in particular ways. They would typically ignore a communicator who gave honest but misleading advice on where the food was. However, if the communicator had been in the room and witnessed the switch, but still recommended the first (now empty) howl, young children were actually much more likely to follow the communicator's knowingly misleading suggestion.
This may be because the children and non-human primates(灵长类) trusted the communicator over the evidence of their own eyes, says Huber.
The dogs in the new experiment, however, weren't so trusting of lying communicators, much to the researchers' surprise, says Huber. Half of the dogs would follow the communicator's misleading advice if the communicator hadn't witnessed the food switch. But about two-thirds of dogs ignored a communicator who had witnessed the food switch and still recommended the now-empty bowl. These dogs simply went to the bowl filled with food instead. "They did not rely on the communicator anymore," says Huber.
1. What do Huber's words in the first paragraph imply
A. Dogs are a lot cleverer than we thought.
B. Dogs can be trained to act like children.
C. Dogs can understand everything humans mean.
D. Dogs won't believe people any longer.
2. What's the purpose of the third paragraph
A. To draw a conclusion. B. To sum up the reason.
C. To make a comparison. D. To lead in a new experiment.
3. Who would the dogs trust after the food was moved
A. The one who moved the food.
B. The one who didn't see the food switch.
C. The one who saw the food switch and told the truth.
D. The one who saw the food switch and recommended the wrong bowl.
4. What can we conclude from the passage
A. We should treat dogs honestly.
B. Dogs are cleverer than children under age 5.
C. We can train dogs to find food in different ways.
D. Dogs judge the communicator mainly by what they see.
3. During the time of the pharaohs(法老), the rich soils along the Nile River supported roughly 3 million people. Now there are 30 times that number of people living in Egypt, with the Egyptian population soaring from 45 million in the 1980s to over 100 million now.
Just 4% of Egypt's land is suitable for agriculture, and that number is reducing quickly due to the urban and suburban development and the population growth. "It's not an exaggeration (夸张) to say that this is a crisis," said Nasem Badreldin, an expert at the University of Manitoba. "Satellite data shows that Egypt is losing about 2% of its farmland per decade due to urbanization, and the process is speeding. If this continues, Egypt will face serious food security problems."
Satellite dataalso shows how much farmland has been lost to development around the city of Alexandria between the 1980s and 2021. Farmland areas appear green; towns and cities are gray. According to one analysis, the amount of farmland near Alexandria dropped by 11% between 1987 and 2019, while urban areas increased by 11%. In recent years, Egyptian government has promised to end unlicensed building on farmland, which remains a difficult task to fulfill.
Urbanization isn't the only factor to reduce Egypt's farmland. Sea level rise of 1.6 millimeters per year has contributed to the salinization (盐碱化) of farmland in Egypt. About 15% of Egypt's richest farmland has already been damaged by sea level rise and saltwater intrusion(侵入). One response to the loss of farmland has included efforts to green parts of the desert. For instance, Farouk El-Baz, Boston University scientist, has planned to build highways, railways, water pipelines, and power lines to promote the establishment of new farmland in deserts west of the delta.
While that project hasn't been finished, much of desert has turned into farmland in recent decades. The satellite photos show new farmland along the Cairo Highway. A mixture of center-pivot irrigation(灌溉) and drip irrigation makes farming in this area possible. "It is certainly possible to establish new farmland from the desert by tapping groundwater resources, though it's a little expensive process," said Badreldin.
1. What does the underlined "this" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. The urban expansion. B. The reduction of farmland.
C. The suburban development. D. The growth of population.
2. How many factors are mentioned that have caused the loss of farmland
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. What is Badreldin's attitude to the establishment of new farmland
A. Uncertain. B. Optimistic. C. Disapproving. D. Doubtful.
4. What is the best title of the passage
A. The Food Security Problems in Egypt
B. The Urbanization Along Nile River
C. Agricultural Development Along Nile River
D. Egypt's Disappearing Farmland
4. Despite being there for your safety, many people still ignore the red man at traffic lights and cross early, running the risk of a deadly accident. Now Smart, a car maker, has come up with a smart idea for an experiment to see if safety could be improved at traffic lights by encouraging pedestrians to wait for the green man with a "Dancing Traffic Light".
The Dancing Traffic Light was designed to draw the attention of people who were standing waiting to cross the road in Portugal. It shows a dancing red figure, as opposed to the static (静态的) figure that is normally shown. The figure is a low-resolution (低分辨率的) representation of someone who is in a room nearby, dancing.
Those who want to dance can go into the room and then select music of their choice. When the traffic light turns red, the music plays and the individual can then start to dance. A video is fed of the person dancing in real lime to the traffic light and the dancing red figure can keep pedestrians amused while they wait.
Apart from providing entertainment for pedestrians as they wait to cross the road, there is also the "gaming" side to the Dancing Traffic Light as anyone can be the dancing figure and so he or she can contribute to the project.
This isn't the first time that entertainment has been used for positive social outcomes. The Volkswagen Fun Theory campaign involved a Piano Staircase which encouraged people to walk up the stairs instead of using an elevator and the Bottle Bank Arcade that was made to encourage people to recycle.
Smart said that 81 % more people stopped at die red light to watch it dance while they waited for the green light to appear.
1. Why did Smart design the Dancing Traffic Light
A. To help reduce traffic accidents.
B. To make traffic lights more interesting.
C. To provide entertainment for pedestrians.
D. To draw the attention of pedestrians.
2. What is the idea behind the Dancing Traffic Light
A. A real person dances beside the traffic light.
B. A pedestrian performs a dance while waiting.
C. An individual dances to various music in a room.
D. A figure dances in real time to red traffic lights.
3. What does the author want to stress in Paragraph 5
A. The needs for more such campaigns.
B. The use of entertainment in some social activities.
C. The influence of the Dancing Traffic Light.
D. The good results of safety products.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Road Safety—An Essential Task
B. A Campaign—A Solution from the Air
C. A Dancing Traffic Light—A Guardian of Life
D. Smart—A Pioneer in Traffic Light Research
5. The world produces around 359 million tons of plastics each year. Plastics are certainly a big problem, but they don't necessarily have to be. There are many ways we could set plastics on a different lifecycle. One that I have been working on is turning plastics into a hardy, reliable and sustainable building material.
Most people believe that plastics recycling is severely limited: only a few types can be recycled. This is unsurprising. The proportion of plastics that are recycled is minimal (最低限度的). But all polymers (聚合物) are, technologically, recyclable. Some of them can be used again and again to produce the same goods. Some can technically be reprocessed into new materials for different applications.
The problem is that recycling much of this plastic waste is currently unprofitable. But the amount of these materials all over the world is large and keeps on growing. What if this plastic waste could be used to produce something useful to the society Many universities and businessmen are attempting to do this. Most solutions target mixed plastics waste and suggest applications different from the original ones. For example, several groups have developed building materials made of plastic waste.
Plastics are strong, durable, waterproof, lightweight and recyclable—all key properties for construction materials. So, what if all of this plastic waste could be turned into building materials for low-income populations Existing actions are promising, but not yet reproducible on an industrial scale.
I study plastic waste with the aim of finding interesting ways to remove it from the environment. From agricultural waste to concrete waste, there are many ways to obtain materials to produce bricks and other useful elements for buildings.
So perhaps plastics are not necessarily the problem. They can be part of a pathway towards a more sustainable way of living.
1. What can we conclude from Paragraph 1
A. Man has found a way to reuse plastics.
B. The problem with plastics is quite serious.
C. The author feels optimistic about plastics.
D. Plastics are considered reliable daily products.
2. What does the underlined word "them" refer to in Paragraph 2
A. Plastics. B. Polymers. C. Goods. D. Materials.
3. What do we know about plastic recycling
A. It draws public attention to plastic waste.
B. It has benefited construction industry.
C. It brings about no profits at present.
D. It can be done on a large scale.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Plastics—a Potential Building Material B. The Threat of Plastics
C. Plastics—a Global Problem D. The Effects of Plastics
6. According to a new study, palm oil (棕榈油) could do more harm than we realized, potentially playing a role in encouraging cancer to spread throughout the body. In a study conducted on mice, the researchers discovered that a fatty acid within palm oil could promote the metastasis (转移) of skin and mouth cancer cells. The effect lasted even when the tumor (肿瘤) ceils were exposed to palm oil for a short time before being removed.
"In this study, we detail the process and show the involvement of a metastasis 'memory' ability and we point to a curing approach to reverse it. This is promising," says Dr. Aznar-Benitah, who was involved in the study.
Previous studies only had shown palm oil could promote metastasis in cancer. To discover exactly how, the researchers took samples of oral tumor cells and skin cancer and exposed them to a diet rich in palm oil. These cells were then transplanted into mice to see whether the diet would change their behavior and encourage them to spread more readily. They found that the diet made them more aggressive, increasing their potential lo spread in the mice. Alarmingly, even cells exposed to the diet for just a short time showed that same aggression, suggesting the cells developed a "memory" impression as a result of the palm oil.
The tumor cells experienced special changes that stimulated Shwann cells (the cells wrapping around neurons, like the plastic around electrical wires). This generated a neural network around the tumor cells that allowed it to grow and spread. With 90 percent of cancer deaths from the cancer spreading throughout the body, containing metastasis could he a game-changer in cancer treatment. In the study, the researchers suggest fighting palm-oil-promoted metastasis by blocking the action of Schwann cells, hut this will need further testing to verify.
"There is something very special about the palmitic acid within palm oil that makes it an extremely strong promoter of metastasis," said Dr. Aznar-Benitah. "I think it is too early to determine which type of diet could be consumed by cancer patients that would slow down the metastasis process."
1. What will happen to tumor cells when they contact palm oil temporarily
A. They will produce a matter of fatty acid.
B. They will be promoted to spread in the body.
C. They will remain as inactive as before.
D. They will multiply at a very slow speed.
2. Which of the following can best explain the meaning of the underlined word "reverse" in Paragraph 2
A. Occupy. B. Accelerate. C. Transform. D. Worsen.
3. What is the most possible shortage of the previous studies
A. They performed experiments on newly-born mice.
B. They took some samples of skin cancer cells only.
C. They never told how cancer cells were put into mice.
D. They didn't explore how palm oil promoted cancer shifting.
4. What do we know about Shwann cells
A. They are the products of cancer shifting.
B. They advance the spread of tumor cells.
C. They are too aggressive to be contained.
D. They lie in skin and mouth cancer cells.
7.A new study, published in The Journal of Experimental Psychology, found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.
In the study, researchers used various experiments to gauge (测量) connectedness. In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then assigned people at random to do one or the other. Although people anticipated (预料) that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone's voice actually made the experience better. However, people who participated in the experiment reported that they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone versus email, and they did not feel more awkward.
In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connected by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication — whether video or audio only — made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via text.
Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist based in New York City, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can "correspond information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person."
Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message. Each party is more present, and therefore, able to gauge the meaning behind the content without ruminating (认真思考) on the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation.
1. What is the purpose of the study
A. To encourage people to let their fingers do the talking.
B. To introduce the effects of verbal and non-verbal communications.
C. To demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of making phone calls.
D. To compare connectedness of communication through voice and typing.
2. Which way will make you feel more connected if you miss a friend far away
A. Typing a letter. B. Sending an email.
C. Having a video chat. D. Texting a message.
3. What does "a controlled form of communication" refer to in Paragraph 4
A. A way to talk about controlled topics.
B. A way to communicate without time limit.
C. A way to explain something without delay.
D. A way to express thoughts without being disturbed.
4. What advantage does making phone calls over texting
A. Being more formal. B. Being less awkward.
C. Being more straightforward. D. Being less expensive.
8.Do you enjoy watching beautiful sunsets and seeing wildlife in some of the best parts of Wisconsin Do you like being around people who share the same respect and love for natural resources If you say "yes", then a fisheries biologist is a great career choice for you.
As you can probably guess, education is very important. A Bachelor of Science degree in fisheries or biology is strongly recommended. Many biologists have a Master's degree. But it's not only good education that prepares you for a career as a fisheries biologist—field experience is also important. Volunteer work, internships and short-term fish technician positions are good ways to gain valuable training that can give you an edge in the competitive job market.
In addition to good education and field experience, a fisheries biologist needs other skills. You'll spend a lot of time working with the public, so it's important to feel comfortable talking to a variety of people. Good communication, listening, and presentation skills are a must.
A common misconception among many people is that fisheries biologists get to fish all the time. Most biologists wish that were true. But as a fisheries biologist, you are especially busy during the fishing season, which leaves little time for you to actually go fishing. It's sad, but true.
Each day brings something different in the life of a fisheries biologist. In the spring and fall, you spend a lot of time on the water shocking fish in order to sample the population, studying fish, and talking with people. The winter is spent analyzing fish data and communicating with the public.
So if you find fish interesting and fun to learn about, and like working both outside and inside, consider a career as a fisheries biologist. You'll never be bored!
1. We can infer this passage is written to _____.
A. advise us to respect and protect wildlife
B. encourage us to spend more time working outside
C. explain why education is important for our career
D. introduce a good career to those who are interested in wildlife
2.What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about
A. Education needed to find a good job.
B. Requirements for becoming a fisheries biologist.
C. The benefits of being a fisheries biologist.
D. Some good ways to gain valuable training.
3. The underlined word "misconception" in Paragraph 4 probably means "_____".
A. question
B. misunderstanding
C. dream
D. explanation
4. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A. fisheries biologists like working in winter most
B. fisheries biologists can easily get bored with their work
C. fisheries biologists get to fish all the time all year round
D. fisheries biologists spend a lot of time working outside in the spring and fall
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 DDBC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句This gradual decrease in core body temperature, as it turns out, is a key part of the complicated neurobiological behavior of falling asleep and staying asleep.可知,核心体温的逐渐下降是入睡和保持睡眠这一复杂的神经生物学行为的关键。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的The palms of your hands and soles of your feet are the body's most efficient heat exchangers可知,手掌和脚掌是身体最有效的传热器。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的wearing a pair of special "sleeping socks" not only speeded up the onset of sleep, but increased the overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking episodes in half可知,穿袜子睡觉不仅加快了入睡过程,而且使总睡眠时间平均增加了30分钟,还使夜间醒来的次数减少了一半。B项(感觉舒服)在文章中未提及。故选B。
4.推理判断题。本文主要介绍了穿袜子睡觉有助于睡眠的原因以及相关研究,故本文应出自一篇科学报告。故选C。
2.答案：1-4 ACBA
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段内容尤其是第一句中的"but now we guess that perhaps dogs can understand when someone is dishonest"可知,Huber猜测也许当某个人不诚实时,狗会知道。由此可推知,Huber的话表明狗比我们所认为的要聪明得多。故选A。
2.目的意图题。通读全文尤其是第三段内容可知,本段主要介绍了5岁以下儿童寻找食物的特定方式,此种方式与狗寻找食物的方式明显不同。由此可推知,作者写第三段的目的是将儿童与狗寻找食物的方式进行对比。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、三句中的"Half of the dogs would follow the communicator's misleading advice if the communicator hadn't witnessed the food switch. But about two-thirds of dogs ignored a communicator who had witnessed the food switch"可知,如果交流者没有看到食物的转移,一半的狗会听从交流者的误导性的建议,但大约三分之二的狗会忽视看到了食物的转移的交流者(的建议)。由此可推知,当食物被移动后,狗会信任没有看到食物被移动的人。故选B。
4.推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段内容可知,文章介绍了一项实验,该实验表明狗比人类想象得要聪明得多,如果你给狗留下了不诚实的印象,那么它们就不会再相信你了。由此可推知,我们应该诚实地对待狗。故选A。
3.答案：1-4 BABD
解析：1.指代判断题。根据第二段第一句中的"Just 4% of Egypt's land is suitable for agriculture, and that number is reducing quickly"和倒数第二句"Satellite data shows that Egypt is losing about 2% of its farmland per decade due to urbanization, and the process is speeding."可知,埃及仅有4%的土地适合耕种,而且这一数字正在迅速减少。卫星数据显示,由于城市化,埃及每十年就会失去大约2%的耕地,并且这个过程正在加快。结合画线词所在句可知,毫不夸张地说,这是一个危机。由此可推知,"this"指的是耕地的减少。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是第一、二句"Urbanization isn't the only factor to reduce Egypt's farmland. Sea level rise of 1.6 millimeters per year has contributed to the salinization(盐碱化) of farmland in Egypt."可知,城市化并不是埃及耕地减少的唯一因素。每年海平面上升1.6毫米导致埃及土地盐碱化。由此可知,导致耕地减少的主要因素有两个:城市化和海平面上升。故选A。
3.观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句中的"It is certainly possible to establish new farmland from the desert by tapping groundwater resources, though it's a little expensive process"可知,通过利用地下水资源在沙漠中建立新的耕地是完全有可能的,虽然这是一个(成本)有点昂贵的过程。由此可推知,Badreldin对于建立新的耕地持乐观的态度。故选B。
4.标题概括题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了随着埃及城市化以及海平面的上升,埃及正面临着耕地减少的危机。D项准确概括文章内容,是本文的最佳标题。故选D。
4.答案：1-4 ADBC
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句"Now Smart, a carmaker, has come up with a smart idea for an experiment to see if safety could be improved at traffic lights by encouraging pedestrians to wait for the green man with a 'Dancing Traffic Light'."可知,这家名为Smart的汽车制造商设计出跳舞的交通信号灯是为了减少交通事故的发生。故选A。
2.考查细节理解。根据第三段第二、三句"When the traffic light turns red, the music plays and the individual can then start to dance. A video is fed of the person dancing in real time to the traffic light…"可知,当交通信号灯变成红色时,(那个房间里)会有音乐响起,而那个人会开始实时跳舞。故选D。
3.考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容可知,本段首句衔接上文,指出了跳舞的交通信号灯这个项目以娱乐形式取得了积极的社会成效。紧接着下文提到其他类似的应用了娱乐形式的活动。由此可推断,作者在第五段是想强调在一些社会活动中娱乐形式的使用。故选B。
4.考查主旨大意。通读全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了汽车制造商Smart设计出的一款跳舞的交通信号灯,该设计旨在鼓励行人遵守交通规则,以减少交通事故的发生。由此可知,C项"跳舞的交通信号灯——生命的守护者"为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
5.答案：1-4 CBCA
解析：1.考查推理判断。由第一段中的"Plastics are certainly a big problem, but they don't necessarily have to be. There are many ways we could set plastics on a different lifecycle."可知,虽然塑料是个大问题,但是作者认为有很多能让塑料被我们循环利用的方法。由此可知,作者对塑料持有一种乐观的态度。故选C。
2.考查代词指代。画线词所在句承接上一句"But all polymers(聚合物) are, technologically, recyclable.",这一句的意思是"但是从技术上来说,所有的聚合物都是可以被循环利用的",画线词所在句(它们中的一些可以一次又一次地被用来生产同样的商品)承接上文的意思,故them指代的是polymers。故选B。
3.考查细节理解。由第三段中的第一句"The problem is that recycling much of this plastic waste is currently unprofitable."可知,目前对塑料的回收利用不能带来利润。故选C。
4.考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了塑料的回收利用问题。文章的第一段最后一句提到,作者一直致力于把塑料变成一种适应力强、耐用和可靠的可持续性建筑材料。第二段的最后一句也提到,从技术上看,聚合物可以被加工成不同用途的材料。其他段落也主要介绍了塑料的这个用途,特别是倒数第三段明确提出了将塑料制成建筑材料的可行性。故选A。
6.答案：1-4 BCDB
解析：1.考查细节理解。由第一段中的"…potentially playing a role in encouraging cancer to spread throughout the body."和"The effect lasted even when the tumor(肿瘤) cells were exposed to palm oil for a short time before being removed.",以及第三段中的"Alarmingly, even cells exposed to the diet for just a short time showed that same aggression…"可知,即使肿瘤细胞短暂接触棕榈油,也能导致其快速扩散。故选B。
2.考查词义猜测。由第一段第二句的"…the researchers discovered that a fatty acid within palm oil could promote the metastasis(转移) of skin and mouth cancer cells."和画线单词前的a curing approach to可知,reverse是"转变;使反转"的意思。故选C。
3.考查细节理解。由第三段第一句和第二句可知,以前的研究仅仅表明棕榈油会促使癌症转移,但是没有探究棕榈油具体是怎样导致癌症转移的。故选D。
4.考查细节理解。由第四段第一句和第二句可知,肿瘤细胞的特殊变化刺激了施万细胞,从而在肿瘤细胞周围产生了一个神经网络,使得肿瘤细胞生长和扩散。故选B。
7.答案：1-4DCDC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段可知,发表在《实验心理学杂志》上的一项新研究发现,包括语音在内的交流互动,如电话或视频聊天,比打字,如短信或电子邮件,能产生更强的社会联系;结合第二段第一句 In the study, researchers used various experiments to gauge the bond.可知,在这项研究中,研究人员使用了各种实验来衡量纽带关系。所以可知,这项研究的目的是比较语音和打字沟通的纽带关系。A项"鼓励人们用手指说话"、B项"介绍语言和非语言交流的影响"和 C项"展示打电话的优点和缺点"都不是文中提及的研究的目的。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句However, people... reported that they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone versus email...可知,通过电话和老朋友联系会建立一种更强烈的联系。由此可知,如果你想念远方的朋友,视频聊天这种方式会让你们感觉更亲近。故选C。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文communicate information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person可知,完全按照自己的意图传递信息,而不会被对方意外补充。所以推断画线部分指的是一种不受干扰的表达思想的方式。A项"谈论可控话题的一种方式";B项"一种没有时间限制的交流方式"C项"一种没有延迟的解释某事的方式"。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Romanoff说在现实生活中,发短信会让人很难判断谈话背后的真实意思。考虑到信息的净效应,打电话实际上更方便。每一方都在场,因此, 能够判断内容背后的意义,而不必推敲词和标点背后无尽可能的含义。所以可推断出,相比发短信,打电话的优势在于更直截了当。根据第二段中的Although people anticipated that a phone call would be more awkward 可知,人们都觉得打电话会更尴尬,所以B项"不怎么尴尬"错误;A 项"更正式"和D项"不太贵"不是原文的信息。故选C。
8.答案：1-4DBBD
解析：1.推理判断题。第一段由"Do you enjoy watching beautiful sunsets and seeing wildlife in some of the best parts of Wisconsin Do you like being around people who share the same respect and love for natural resources "两个问题引出渔业生物学家这一职业,下文详细介绍了该职业的要求和工作内容。由此推知,文章的写作目的是向那些对野生动物感兴趣的人介绍一个好的职业。其他三项不是本文的写作目的。 故选D。
2.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的"As you can probably guess, education is very important."和第三段的"In addition to good education and field experience, a fisheries biologist needs other skills."可知,二、三两段主要讲的是成为一名渔业生物学家的要求,不仅需要好的教育、实地经验,还需要沟通能力等技能。故选B。
3.词义猜测题。根据下文"But as a fisheries biologist, you are especially busy during the fishing season, which leaves little time for you to actually go fishing. It's sad, but true."可知,许多人误认为渔业生物学家的工作就是一直在捕鱼。由此推知,画线词misconception的意思是"误解"。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的"In the spring and fall, you spend a lot of time on the water shocking fish in order to sample the population, studying fish, and talking with people." 可推知,渔业生物学家在春天和秋天花很多时间在外面工作。文中并未表明他们最喜欢在冬天工作,故A项不正确;由最后一段最后一句"You'll never be bored!"可知B项错误;由第四段中的"which leaves little time for you to actually go fishing"可知C项错误。故选D。
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