2024届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点17 说明文A卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点17 说明文A卷（含解析） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-07-17 17:54:28 | ||
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2024届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点17 说明文（A卷）
1. When someone damages their backbone, the injury can leave them paralyzed(瘫痪的). Now, scientists have given three paralyzed men the ability to walk again, thanks to an implanted device.
The human backbone, or the spine, doesn't just help us stand up straight. Inside is the spinal cord, which carries important information between the head and the lower part of the body. This information moves around as bursts of electricity travels between the brain and the other parts of the body. When the spinal cord is hurt, this pathway gets damaged and the patients can't move their legs.
Now scientists in Switzerland have given three paralyzed men the ability to walk again. To walk again, the men had surgery. A special device was placed directly on the lower part of their spinal cord, below their injury. This "implant" contains sixteen electrodes, which are small objects that electricity can pass through. The researchers made sure the electrodes were lined up with nerves that control the leg muscles. The scientists controlled the implant from a tablet computer.
The patients' brains aren't sending "walking" messages to their legs. Instead, the tablet tells the implant to send the walking messages. The researchers used computers to generate patterns of movement, like taking a step. The patient then used the tablet to choose the pattern and the muscles move in the chosen way. Over time, the men were able to walk using a special walker with buttons to control each leg.
The solution isn't perfect. It's very expensive, it requires difficult surgery, and the patients can't walk without the system. But the scientists are hopeful that in the future, this sort of technology will allow many paralyzed people to begin to walk again in just hours.
1.What's the main function of the spinal cord
A.It serves as a message carrier. B.It helps people stand up straight.
C.It takes control of the muscles. D.It produces signals for movements.
2.What is the implanted device expected to do
A.Activate the damaged nerves. B.Identify the position of the injury.
C.Test the degree of the damage. D.Bridge the nerve gap made by the injury.
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A.How the surgery is performed. B.How the device works on patients.
C.How the patients walk without aid. D.How movement patterns are designed.
4.Which can be the best title of the text
A.Damaged nerves recover after surgery B.Tablets are used in a medical treatment
C.The implant helps the paralyzed walk again D.Scientists made a discovery on the backbone
2. Dozens of honeybees, which usually feed on wild flowers after leaving their hives(蜂房) in the campus gardens, were tricked into the cottage to feed from an artificial flower. Only one bee was allowed in at a time, and their visits to artificial flowers were videoed and timed under different fan speeds, which mimicked(模拟) calm and windy days.
But the researchers are trying to help them: it is a controlled experiment that reveals how high wind speeds significantly reduce the efficiency of their feeding.
With no wind, the bees on average took nectar(花蜜) from 5.45 flowers during their 90-second time trial. When wind speeds were increased, this fell to an average of 3.73 flowers.
Researchers also examined the indirect impact of higher winds by moving the flowers.
The findings reveal that, while flower movements did not appear to have an effect on the bees, the movement of air from the fans made them much more hesitant to take off from a flower, with time taken ranging from an initial 0.05 seconds to 54 seconds.
Georgia Hennessy, lead author of the research, said that one possible reason for the wind causing hesitancy was that small increases in wind speeds reduced the bees' body temperature, so they required longer time to warm up the flight muscles required to take off.
"With wind speeds predicted to increase in the years ahead, understanding how we can help bees in a changing climate is becoming ever more pressing. Although we can't do much to control or stop the wind, we can take steps to reduce its impact on bees, such as placing hives in sheltered locations," said Hennessy.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN warned that the decline in global bee populations was a "threat to global food security and diversity".
Dave Goulson, professor of biology at the University of Sussex, said, "Bees already face many pressures in the modern world, such as loss of habitats and exposure to pesticides(杀虫剂), and a great many are in decline. Coping with increasingly windy weather under climate change may be the final straw."
1.What task did the researchers set for the bees
A.Identifying the new route. B.Surviving in extreme conditions.
C.Feeding under different wind speeds. D.Distinguishing various kinds of flowers.
2.What probably makes a bee hesitant to take off from a flower
A.A full stomach. B.Loss of balance.
C.Changed flower positions. D.Reduced body temperature.
3.What can we do to reduce the impact of high winds on bees
A.Stop the wind. B.Restore their habitats.
C.Address climate change. D.Prohibit the use of pesticides.
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A.Loss of bees causes failure of food crops
B.Bees are on the decline as global warming worsens
C.Bees may struggle in winds caused by global warming
D.Artificial flowers are used for threatened bee populations
3. It can be incredibly difficult to encourage ourselves to go for a run during winter, particularly when it's wet and windy outside. But new research has found that even a super-quick run could have great health benefits. In fact, it seems just a 10-minute session will not only make us feel better, but could actually improve brain health, too. Now, we all know that exercise can improve mental and physical health in many ways.
But when it comes to mental wellbeing, there's been relatively little research done on the specific benefits of running, compared with other physical activities, such as cycling. So this was something put to the test during a recent study. Researchers from University of Tsukuba in Japan asked participants to run on a treadmill (跑步机) for just 10 minutes. They then had to take a Stroop Color and Word Test which is used to measure reaction times in brain processing. Results showed there was a highest point in self-reported pleasure and an increase in degree of activity of the brain.
In other words, runners were found to have an increase in blood flow in the part of the brain that's associated with dealing with functions and controlling mood (情绪). Researchers then compared these results to a similar study on cycling, which also showed improved cognition(认知), but no mood improvement. Therefore, it seems various types of exercise can make us feel differently.
The authors noted, "Given exercise is medicine, the effects of drugs differ depending on the type of drug, different types of exercise such as running and cycling should be observed to have different effects on mental health and brain functions as well.''
So pushing ourselves to get outside for a run really will make us feel better, potentially more than other fitness activities. And these findings show that we don't necessarily need to do a lot of exercise to feel the benefit of it.
1. What did the new research find
A. Running fast benefits all of us. B. Running is the best exercise.
C. A short time run can be beneficial. D. A healthy mind encourages us to run.
2. How did the researchers get the result
A. By using different drugs. B. By taking some word tests.
C. By collecting the former information. D. By doing experiments and comparisons.
3. Which is related to our happiness
A. Cycling. B. Medicine. C. Blood flow. D. Colors.
4. What is the main idea of the text
A. We should go for a run in winter.
B. Running benefits us physically and mentally.
C. We don't need a lot of exercise.
D. Running on a treadmill is better than running outside.
4. Decades of research has shown that the ability to forgive is a life skill that helps the young build resilience(恢复力). A sense of purpose helps them realize schoolwork is more meaningful and more powerful. Being thankful changes the very nature of their lives, enabling them to gather their motivation to learn and find lifelong success. Humble (谦卑的) kids love learning. Learning requires curiosity, and curiosity requires them to explore what they don't know.
All of this research suggests how character can often be a powerful catalyst(催化剂) for learning. When children can feel thankfulness for their teachers, humility (谦卑) in the face of new knowledge, purpose in connecting small tasks to big goals, and forgiveness when losing attention because of being hurt, they can better open themselves to the tiring process of learning about the world. But as children learn, this can also help them to go along the way for further character development.
In our program about love, we spoke to Amy Warren, a researcher at Tuft University's Institute for Applied Research and Youth Development, who studied "great love and sympathy", the ability for people to widen their circle of care to the whole human beings. After in-depth interviews with 100 teenagers, she discovered that the bottom line that influenced young people's ability for great love and sympathy was not moral instruction or a religious education, but exposure to different experiences and knowledge—everything from playing sports and conversations with people from different communities to knowing a second language and scientific knowledge. In other words, learning.
She ended her discoveries with a sentence from the poet Ortega Y Gasset: "So many things fail to interest us, simply because they don't find in us enough surfaces on which to live, and what we have to do is to increase the number of ideas in our mind, so that a much larger number of themes can find a place in it at the same time." So, it's easy to see parents supporting their child's characters and learning as one and the same.
1. What can the four characters give the young
A. Feeling no tiredness. B. Avoiding hurt.
C. Finding something bad. D. Getting something unknown.
2. What does the underlined phrase "the bottom line" in Paragraph 3 mean
A. The key factor. B. The main mistake.
C. The useless method. D. The possible theory.
3. Who is important to help kids according to the text
A. Poets. B. Parents. C. Teachers. D. Researchers.
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Pour Great Characters Inspire Kids To Learn
B. The Importance Of Forgiveness
C. What Should Kids Learn After School
D. The Most Important Characters For Kids
5. In Melbourne lies an 87-square-meter, three-story, two-bedroom and one-bathroom house. That may sound like a real property advertisement, but it could be the home of the future.
Made from organic materials and run on sustainable(可持续的) energy, the building, known as "The Greenhouse", is completely zero waste. It was designed by zero waste advocate Bakker, as part of his Future Food System housing experiment. "The greenhouse is inspired by nature—it's an ecosystem where nothing is wasted," Bakker says.
Organic waste is fed into a bio-digester where it ferments(发酵) and turned into gas for cooking or fertilizer for produce; rainwater is harvested and used for irrigation and a specific system, where plants grow using waste from fish; and hot steam from the shower enables a wall of mushrooms to boost. The house is designed, says Bakker, with the roof as the foundation, loaded with 35 tons of soil, which provides fertile (肥沃的) ground for produce—more than 200 plant species grow on the roof, as well as insects, snails, fish and chickens.
The site is more than just a model home; it's been a real one for Jo Barrett and Matt Stone, who were chefs al the small in-house restaurant. "To be able to grow and produce food on a tiny footprint in the city and turn it into exciting dishes is completely unique," says Stone.
Through the project, Bakker wanted to demonstrate he could feed a family with his design. "I think we've proved that it's actually more productive than even I imagined," he says. "We've harvested 35 kilos of potatoes from a square meter."
He hopes the example will offer a blueprint to future homes and an alternative to current food system, which is to blame for over a third of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. Creating a circular system could also greatly reduce food waste.
"We're the only species that generates waste. In nature, there is no waste; everything becomes a food source for something else," says Bakker. "If we transform to a circular system, we have so much potential to stop the destruction of wilderness and forest."
1. What is the main idea of the 3rd paragraph
A. The function of the greenhouse building.
B. The way the greenhouse building works.
C. The advantages of the greenhouse building.
D. The reason for designing the greenhouse building.
2. What do we learn about the greenhouse home
A. It can provide a good supply of produce.
B. Water is recycled for use in the house.
C. It is possessed by the designer Bakker.
D. Plant growing is free of soil in the house.
3. Why are the chefs mentioned in the 4th paragraph
A. To introduce the topic. B. To inform people of the latest restaurant.
C. To demonstrate the future modern home. D. To illustrate the advantage of the house.
4. What does the last paragraph suggest
A. People have to explore nature more.
B. Human relies heavily on the environment.
C. The greenhouse is a way to reduce waste.
D. The greenhouse helps reduce reliance on nature.
6. Blood donations save lives. But blood can only be stored under fridge for up to six weeks. After that, it's no longer usable for transfusions. But Kopechek's team has developed a method of preserving blood so it can be stored in a dehydrated(脱水的) state at room temperature. To do so, they turned to a sugar called trehalose(海藻糖), which is a common material in a friedcake...
"To help make them look fresh even when they might be months old, and you wouldn't know the difference." The researchers chose trehalose because in nature, it's made by tough animals like sea monkeys—also known as brine shrimp(虾)—famous for their ability to survive dehydration. "So these animals can dry out completely for a long period of time and then be rehydrated and restart normal function. So we wanted to use the trehalose that's produced by these creatures and apply that to preserving blood cells in a dried state, just like those creatures are."
But first, the researchers had to get trehalose into blood cells. They then used special equipment to drill holes in the cell tissue layers—which let some trehalose get in. And they need to have sufficient level of trehalose on both the inside and the outside of the cell in order to survive the dehydration and rehydration process. At that point, the blood could be dried and made into a powder. And then they can rehydrate the blood and have it return back to normal.
The team is still trying to improve production but thinks the dried blood could be stored at room temperature for years. Kopechek says the technique could be ready for clinical trials in three to five years. If successful, it could be used to create stores of dried blood in case of future diseases or natural disasters and for humanitarian aid work, military operations or even missions to Mars. Maybe first aid kits on the Red Planet will include dried red blood cells.
1.Why are sea monkeys mentioned in the second paragraph
A.Their born dehydration is worth studying.
B.They are as well-known as one species of shrimp.
C.They can produce much trehalose to lengthen their life.
D.Their ability to survive dehydration may inspire the researchers.
2.What's the third paragraph mainly about
A.The method of dehydrating plants. B.The process of producing dried blood.
C.The working system of taking in trehalose. D.The way of storing spare fresh blood.
3.What's Kopechek's attitude to the technique of preserving blood
A.Subjective. B.Supportive. C.Doubtful. D.Ambiguous.
4.Where is the passage probably from
A.A biology textbook. B.A travel brochure.
C.A popular novel. D.A science magazine.
7. A new study has found that braving the cold may be a good way to help burn off some of that Christmas desserts.
The research was carried out by scientists at Canada's Laurentian University and focused on high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This format has grown in popularity of late due to the fat-burning benefits it brings, and the team set out to explore how temperature might influence its effects.
The study involved 11 overweight adults who took part in two HIIT sessions a week apart. One of these was carried out in a "thermoneutral" environment with temperatures of around 70℉ (21℃), and the other at a cold 32℉ (0℃). The sessions consisted of 10 separate cycling race at 90 percent effort lasting one minute, followed by 90-second "recovery" periods of cycling at 30 percent intensity.
After each session, the participants cooled down by gently cycling or walking, ate a nutrition bar before going to sleep and enjoyed a high-fat breakfast the morning after. During these sessions, the scientists monitored skin temperature, core body temperature, heart rate and the amount of oxygen. Blood samples were also drawn to help calculate fat burning rates following the breakfast the next day.
"The present study found that high-intensity exercise in the cold increased lipid oxidation(脂质氧化) by 358 percent in comparison to high-intensity exercise in a thermoneutral environment," the team writes.
The authors also note that the idea that cold temperatures help us burn more fat during exercise will need further investigation(调查), though the first-of-a-kind study does indicate it's a possibility worth pursuing.
1.What is good for burning off fat according to the study
A.Cold food. B.Low temperature.
C.Hard workout. D.Cycling race.
2.What is the third paragraph mainly about
A.Introduction to the study. B.Some data in the study.
C.The participants in the study. D.The process of the study.
3.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Further study needs to be done. B.Doing exercise burns more fat.
C.The efforts of scientists are in vain. D.The study result is unreasonable.
4.What is the best title of the text
A.High-intensity Workouts Help Burn off Extra Calories
B.Cycling in the Cold Is a Great Way to Build up Your Body
C.Study Shows Fat-burning Potential of Exercising in the Cold
D.Researchers Have Found More Fat-burning Workouts
8. Human beings are not alone in having invented vaccination(接种疫苗), while honeybees got there first and they can run what look like vaccination programmes, which has been confirmed by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
Queen bees vaccinate their eggs before they are laid. But the question is how the queen receives her antigen supply of defensive matter, for she lives purely on royal jelly(蜂王浆), a liquid produced by nurse bees when they are in the life stage of feeding the young. Dr. Harwood wondered if the nurses combined the royal jelly they produced with pieces from pathogens(病原体碎片) they had consumed while eating something brought in from outside.
To test this idea, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini nests equipped with the young to look after. They fed the nurses on sugar-water, and for three of the hives they added Paenibacillus larvae, a bacterium causing a disease, to sugar-water.
Dr. Harwood and Dr. Salmela marked the bacteria, to make them easy to track. And, sure enough, microscope confirmed that Paenibacillus larvae were getting into royal jelly secreted by those bees which had been fed with the sugar water. Moreover, examination of this royal jelly included higher levels of defensive matter, compared with royal jelly from bees that had not been mixed with Paenibacillus larvae. This matter is thought to help bee immune systems fight against bacteria.
All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, via their royal jelly, passing defensive matter on to the queen, then into eggs. They also mean, because the young receive royal jelly for the first few days after they hatch, the nurses are giving the young the second defensive matter. Each young bee is therefore being vaccinated twice.
1.What puzzled Dr. Harwood about the queen bees
A.Whether bees run vaccination earlier than man.
B.How the antigen come into the queen bees' bodies.
C.Where the nurses receive pathogens.
D.What the royal jelly consists of.
2.How did Dr. Harwood develop his experiment
A.By dividing bees into different roles. B.By observing the nurses' behaviors.
C.By changing the components of royal jelly. D.By keeping track of the special bacterium.
3.What do we learn from the results of the experiment
A.Nurse bees are the key to vaccination for bee group.
B.The queens produced defensive matter by themselves.
C.Bacteria-used royal jelly has fewer defensive matter.
D.Two vaccinations are given to young bees by caregivers directly.
4.Where is the passage probably taken from
A.A pet guide. B.A social website.
C.An official document. D.A medical magazine.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 ADBC
解析：1.根据第二段中的"Inside is the...of the body"可知, 脊髓携带着大脑和下肢之间的重要信息, 即它充当着信息载体。故选A。
2.根据第二段中的"When the spinal...move their legs"可知, 一旦脊髓受损, 传输信息的通道会被损坏, 病人就无法移动双腿; 根据第三段中的"The researchers made...the leg muscles"可知, 移植的电极会帮助连接控制腿部肌肉的神经, 据此可以推断, 植入的设备应该能够连接受伤的神经。故选D。
3.根据第四段中的"the tablet tells...the chosen way"可知, 本段主要讲了植入物如何在病人身上起作用, 帮助病人重新行走。故选B。
4.本文介绍了一项医学进步, 根据本文中心句即第一段中的"scientists have given...an implanted device"和文章大意可知, 本文主要介绍了科学家通过植入物帮助瘫痪病人重新行走。故选C。
2.答案：1-4 CDCC
解析：1.根据第一段第二句"Only one bee was...calm and windy days"可知, 该项研究的内容是在不同的风扇转速下, 模拟无风和有风的天气, 且研究人员对蜜蜂造访人造花的过程进行录像和计时。故选C。
2.根据第六段中的"one possible reason...required to take off"可知, 风导致蜜蜂犹豫不决的一个可能原因是, 风速的升高降低了蜜蜂的体温, 因此它们需要更长的时间来热身起飞。据此可以推知, 体温的降低导致蜜蜂犹豫是否要起飞。故选D。
.根据尾段尾句"Coping with increasingly...may be the final straw"可知, 应对气候变化下日益多风的天气可能是最后一根稻草。故选C。
4.通读全文可知, 本文尾句"Coping with increasingly...the final straw"是全文的主旨句, 又结合文章内容可知,本文主要介绍了气候变暖引起的日益多风的天气对蜜蜂采蜜的影响,及对蜜蜂的数量的影响。故选C。
3.答案：1-4 CDCB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第三句"In fact, it seems just a 10-minute session will not only make us feel better, but could actually improve brain health, too."可知,事实上,仅仅10分钟的锻炼时间似乎不仅能让我们感觉更好,而且居然能改善大脑健康。由此可推知,新的研究发现,短时间的跑步可能是有益的。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段第三句"Researchers from University of Tsukuba in Japan asked participants to run on a treadmill(跑步机) for just 10 minutes."以及第三段第二句中的"Researchers then compared these results to a similar study on cycling"可知,日本筑波大学的研究人员做了一项实验,要求参与者们在跑步机上跑步10分钟,并与相同条件下的骑自行车(的参与者们)的结果进行比较,即研究者们通过做实验和比较得出了研究结果。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其是最后一句"Results showed there was a highest point in self-reported pleasure and an increase in degree of activity of the brain."和第三段第一句"In other words, runners were found to have an increase in blood flow in the part of the brain that's associated with dealing with functions and controlling mood(情绪)."可知,实验结果表明自我报告的快乐程度达到了最高点,大脑的活跃程度也有所增加。换句话说,跑步者大脑中的与执行功能和控制情绪相关的部分的血流量增加了。由此可推知,血流量与人们的快乐相关。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了一项研究,研究表明跑步对人们的身心健康有好处。B项符合文章主旨。故选B。
4.答案：1-4 DABA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段"Decades of research has shown that the ability to forgive is a life skill that helps the young build resilience(恢复力). A sense of purpose helps them realize schoolwork is more meaningful and more powerful. Being thankful changes the very nature of their lives, enabling them to gather their motivation to learn and find lifelong success. Humble(谦卑的) kids love learning. Learning requires curiosity, and curiosity requires them to explore what they don't know."可知,宽容、有目标、感恩和谦虚都有助于孩子学习,学习需要有好奇心,好奇心让孩子们探索他们不知道的东西。即这四种品质可以让孩子们获取他们不知道的内容。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句中的"that influenced young people's ability for great love and sympathy was not moral instruction or a religious education, but exposure to different experiences and knowledge"可知,影响年轻人有博爱和同情的能力的关键因素不是道德教学或宗教教育,而是接触到的不同的经历和知识。由此可推知,画线短语the bottom line应意为"关键因素",与A项意思相符。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段内容尤其是最后一句"So, it's easy to see parents supporting their child's characters and learning as one and the same."可知,我们很容易看到父母把支持他们孩子的性格和支持孩子的学习看得同样重要。由此可知,父母的支持对孩子来说很重要。故选B。
4.标题概括题。根据第一段内容和第二段第一句"All of this research suggests how character can often be a powerful catalyst(催化剂) for learning."可知,所有这些研究结果都表明,对学习来说,性格往往是强大的催化剂,即文章介绍了四种性格对于儿童成长,尤其是在学习方面的好处。A项适合做本文的标题。故选A。
5.答案：1-4 BADC
解析：1. 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要介绍了温室的各个部分是如何运作、变"废"为"能"的，即温室的运作方式。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"The house is designed, says Bakker, with the roof as the foundation, loaded with 35 tons of soil, which provides fertile(肥沃的) ground for produce—more than 200 plant species grow on the roof, as well as insects, snails, fish and chickens."可知，房子的设计以屋顶作为基础，装载35吨土壤，土壤提供了用于生产的肥沃土地，有200多种植物在屋顶上生长，也有昆虫、蜗牛、鱼和鸡。由此可知，温室可以提供良好的农产品供应。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"The site is more than just a model home; it's been a real one for Jo Barrett and Matt Stone, who were chefs at the small in-house restaurant."和第五段第一句"Through the project, Bakker wanted to demonstrate he could feed a family with his design."可知，这个房子不只是一个模型，对于Jo Barrett和Matt Stone来说，它是一个真正的家；而通过这个项目，Barrett想要证明他的设计能够养活一个家庭。由此可推知，第四段提到Jo Barrett和Matt Stone两名厨师是为了表明这个房子的优点。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容尤其是最后一句"If we transform to a circular system, we have so much potential to stop the destruction of wilderness and forest."可知，如果我们(的居住环境)转化为可循环系统，我们就很有可能停止破坏生态环境和森林。由此可推知，最后一段表明温室是一种减少浪费的方式。故选C。
6.答案：1-4 DBBD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段第二至四句中的"sea monkeys...famous for their ability to survive dehydration. So these animals can dry out completely...So we wanted to use the trehalose...apply that to preserving blood cells...like those creatures are."可知, 这些动物能完全脱水变干很长一段时间后再水化, 然后重启正常的机能。所以研究人员想利用这些动物产生的海藻糖, 将其应用于在干燥的状态下保存血细胞。由此可推知, 第二段提及海猿是为了表明海猿脱水生存的能力可能让研究人员获得了保存血液的灵感。故选D。
2.段落大意题。根据第三段中的"first"、"then"、"At that point"、"And then"等描述过程的衔接词和"blood cells"、"rehydrate"以及第四句中的"the blood could be dried and made into a powder"可知, 本段主要介绍了制造脱水血液的过程。故选B。
3.观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句"Kopechek says the technique could be ready for clinical trials in three to five years."可知, Kopechek表示这种技术能为三到五年内的临床试验做准备。由此可推知, Kopechek对此项技术持支持态度。故选B。
4.文章出处题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了一项关于血液保存的科学研究。由此可推知, 本文可能来自一本科学杂志。故选D。
7.答案：1-4 BAAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段"A new study has found that braving the cold may be a good way to help burn off some of that Christmas desserts."可知, 根据该研究, 低温有助于燃烧脂肪。故选B。
2.段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知, 本段介绍了这项研究的研究对象以及研究过程。由此可推知, 本段主要介绍了这项研究。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"The authors also note that the idea that cold temperatures help us burn more fat during exercise will need further investigation(调查)"可知, 低温有助于我们在运动中燃烧更多脂肪的想法还需要做进一步的研究(去证实)。故选A。
4.标题概括题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了一项研究, 此研究发现在低温中锻炼的人们可以燃烧更多的脂肪。因此C项为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
8.答案：1-4 BDAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是第二句中的"But the question is how the queen receives her antigen supply"可知, Harwood博士对于抗原进入蜂后体内的方式感到困惑。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容尤其是第四段第一句"Dr. Harwood and Dr. Salmela marked the bacteria, to make them easy to track."可知, Harwood博士为了验证自己的猜想, 便和Salmela博士把150只保育蜂分成六组, 用糖水喂养这些保育蜂, 并在其中三个蜂巢的糖水中加入了幼虫芽孢杆菌, 然后研究人员在显微镜下追踪被标记了的幼虫芽孢杆菌的情况。由此可推知, Harwood博土是通过追踪特殊的细菌来开展他的实验的。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句"All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, via their royal jelly, passing defensive matter on to the queen, then into eggs. They also mean, because the young receive royal jelly for the first few days after they hatch, the nurses are giving the young the second defensive matter."可知, 综上所述, 这些发现表明, 保育蜂确实通过蜂王浆将抗原传给蜂后, 以便将其接种到卵中。这也意味着, 因为幼虫在孵化后的最初几天也会接受蜂王浆, 所以保育蜂会给它们的幼虫注射第二次疫苗。由此可推知, 保育蜂对蜂群的疫苗接种至关重要。故选A。
4.文章出处题。通读全文内容可知, 本文主要介绍了蜜蜂是最先发明疫苗并接种疫苗的物种。因此, 本文最有可能摘自一本医学杂志。故选D。
2
1. When someone damages their backbone, the injury can leave them paralyzed(瘫痪的). Now, scientists have given three paralyzed men the ability to walk again, thanks to an implanted device.
The human backbone, or the spine, doesn't just help us stand up straight. Inside is the spinal cord, which carries important information between the head and the lower part of the body. This information moves around as bursts of electricity travels between the brain and the other parts of the body. When the spinal cord is hurt, this pathway gets damaged and the patients can't move their legs.
Now scientists in Switzerland have given three paralyzed men the ability to walk again. To walk again, the men had surgery. A special device was placed directly on the lower part of their spinal cord, below their injury. This "implant" contains sixteen electrodes, which are small objects that electricity can pass through. The researchers made sure the electrodes were lined up with nerves that control the leg muscles. The scientists controlled the implant from a tablet computer.
The patients' brains aren't sending "walking" messages to their legs. Instead, the tablet tells the implant to send the walking messages. The researchers used computers to generate patterns of movement, like taking a step. The patient then used the tablet to choose the pattern and the muscles move in the chosen way. Over time, the men were able to walk using a special walker with buttons to control each leg.
The solution isn't perfect. It's very expensive, it requires difficult surgery, and the patients can't walk without the system. But the scientists are hopeful that in the future, this sort of technology will allow many paralyzed people to begin to walk again in just hours.
1.What's the main function of the spinal cord
A.It serves as a message carrier. B.It helps people stand up straight.
C.It takes control of the muscles. D.It produces signals for movements.
2.What is the implanted device expected to do
A.Activate the damaged nerves. B.Identify the position of the injury.
C.Test the degree of the damage. D.Bridge the nerve gap made by the injury.
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A.How the surgery is performed. B.How the device works on patients.
C.How the patients walk without aid. D.How movement patterns are designed.
4.Which can be the best title of the text
A.Damaged nerves recover after surgery B.Tablets are used in a medical treatment
C.The implant helps the paralyzed walk again D.Scientists made a discovery on the backbone
2. Dozens of honeybees, which usually feed on wild flowers after leaving their hives(蜂房) in the campus gardens, were tricked into the cottage to feed from an artificial flower. Only one bee was allowed in at a time, and their visits to artificial flowers were videoed and timed under different fan speeds, which mimicked(模拟) calm and windy days.
But the researchers are trying to help them: it is a controlled experiment that reveals how high wind speeds significantly reduce the efficiency of their feeding.
With no wind, the bees on average took nectar(花蜜) from 5.45 flowers during their 90-second time trial. When wind speeds were increased, this fell to an average of 3.73 flowers.
Researchers also examined the indirect impact of higher winds by moving the flowers.
The findings reveal that, while flower movements did not appear to have an effect on the bees, the movement of air from the fans made them much more hesitant to take off from a flower, with time taken ranging from an initial 0.05 seconds to 54 seconds.
Georgia Hennessy, lead author of the research, said that one possible reason for the wind causing hesitancy was that small increases in wind speeds reduced the bees' body temperature, so they required longer time to warm up the flight muscles required to take off.
"With wind speeds predicted to increase in the years ahead, understanding how we can help bees in a changing climate is becoming ever more pressing. Although we can't do much to control or stop the wind, we can take steps to reduce its impact on bees, such as placing hives in sheltered locations," said Hennessy.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN warned that the decline in global bee populations was a "threat to global food security and diversity".
Dave Goulson, professor of biology at the University of Sussex, said, "Bees already face many pressures in the modern world, such as loss of habitats and exposure to pesticides(杀虫剂), and a great many are in decline. Coping with increasingly windy weather under climate change may be the final straw."
1.What task did the researchers set for the bees
A.Identifying the new route. B.Surviving in extreme conditions.
C.Feeding under different wind speeds. D.Distinguishing various kinds of flowers.
2.What probably makes a bee hesitant to take off from a flower
A.A full stomach. B.Loss of balance.
C.Changed flower positions. D.Reduced body temperature.
3.What can we do to reduce the impact of high winds on bees
A.Stop the wind. B.Restore their habitats.
C.Address climate change. D.Prohibit the use of pesticides.
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A.Loss of bees causes failure of food crops
B.Bees are on the decline as global warming worsens
C.Bees may struggle in winds caused by global warming
D.Artificial flowers are used for threatened bee populations
3. It can be incredibly difficult to encourage ourselves to go for a run during winter, particularly when it's wet and windy outside. But new research has found that even a super-quick run could have great health benefits. In fact, it seems just a 10-minute session will not only make us feel better, but could actually improve brain health, too. Now, we all know that exercise can improve mental and physical health in many ways.
But when it comes to mental wellbeing, there's been relatively little research done on the specific benefits of running, compared with other physical activities, such as cycling. So this was something put to the test during a recent study. Researchers from University of Tsukuba in Japan asked participants to run on a treadmill (跑步机) for just 10 minutes. They then had to take a Stroop Color and Word Test which is used to measure reaction times in brain processing. Results showed there was a highest point in self-reported pleasure and an increase in degree of activity of the brain.
In other words, runners were found to have an increase in blood flow in the part of the brain that's associated with dealing with functions and controlling mood (情绪). Researchers then compared these results to a similar study on cycling, which also showed improved cognition(认知), but no mood improvement. Therefore, it seems various types of exercise can make us feel differently.
The authors noted, "Given exercise is medicine, the effects of drugs differ depending on the type of drug, different types of exercise such as running and cycling should be observed to have different effects on mental health and brain functions as well.''
So pushing ourselves to get outside for a run really will make us feel better, potentially more than other fitness activities. And these findings show that we don't necessarily need to do a lot of exercise to feel the benefit of it.
1. What did the new research find
A. Running fast benefits all of us. B. Running is the best exercise.
C. A short time run can be beneficial. D. A healthy mind encourages us to run.
2. How did the researchers get the result
A. By using different drugs. B. By taking some word tests.
C. By collecting the former information. D. By doing experiments and comparisons.
3. Which is related to our happiness
A. Cycling. B. Medicine. C. Blood flow. D. Colors.
4. What is the main idea of the text
A. We should go for a run in winter.
B. Running benefits us physically and mentally.
C. We don't need a lot of exercise.
D. Running on a treadmill is better than running outside.
4. Decades of research has shown that the ability to forgive is a life skill that helps the young build resilience(恢复力). A sense of purpose helps them realize schoolwork is more meaningful and more powerful. Being thankful changes the very nature of their lives, enabling them to gather their motivation to learn and find lifelong success. Humble (谦卑的) kids love learning. Learning requires curiosity, and curiosity requires them to explore what they don't know.
All of this research suggests how character can often be a powerful catalyst(催化剂) for learning. When children can feel thankfulness for their teachers, humility (谦卑) in the face of new knowledge, purpose in connecting small tasks to big goals, and forgiveness when losing attention because of being hurt, they can better open themselves to the tiring process of learning about the world. But as children learn, this can also help them to go along the way for further character development.
In our program about love, we spoke to Amy Warren, a researcher at Tuft University's Institute for Applied Research and Youth Development, who studied "great love and sympathy", the ability for people to widen their circle of care to the whole human beings. After in-depth interviews with 100 teenagers, she discovered that the bottom line that influenced young people's ability for great love and sympathy was not moral instruction or a religious education, but exposure to different experiences and knowledge—everything from playing sports and conversations with people from different communities to knowing a second language and scientific knowledge. In other words, learning.
She ended her discoveries with a sentence from the poet Ortega Y Gasset: "So many things fail to interest us, simply because they don't find in us enough surfaces on which to live, and what we have to do is to increase the number of ideas in our mind, so that a much larger number of themes can find a place in it at the same time." So, it's easy to see parents supporting their child's characters and learning as one and the same.
1. What can the four characters give the young
A. Feeling no tiredness. B. Avoiding hurt.
C. Finding something bad. D. Getting something unknown.
2. What does the underlined phrase "the bottom line" in Paragraph 3 mean
A. The key factor. B. The main mistake.
C. The useless method. D. The possible theory.
3. Who is important to help kids according to the text
A. Poets. B. Parents. C. Teachers. D. Researchers.
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Pour Great Characters Inspire Kids To Learn
B. The Importance Of Forgiveness
C. What Should Kids Learn After School
D. The Most Important Characters For Kids
5. In Melbourne lies an 87-square-meter, three-story, two-bedroom and one-bathroom house. That may sound like a real property advertisement, but it could be the home of the future.
Made from organic materials and run on sustainable(可持续的) energy, the building, known as "The Greenhouse", is completely zero waste. It was designed by zero waste advocate Bakker, as part of his Future Food System housing experiment. "The greenhouse is inspired by nature—it's an ecosystem where nothing is wasted," Bakker says.
Organic waste is fed into a bio-digester where it ferments(发酵) and turned into gas for cooking or fertilizer for produce; rainwater is harvested and used for irrigation and a specific system, where plants grow using waste from fish; and hot steam from the shower enables a wall of mushrooms to boost. The house is designed, says Bakker, with the roof as the foundation, loaded with 35 tons of soil, which provides fertile (肥沃的) ground for produce—more than 200 plant species grow on the roof, as well as insects, snails, fish and chickens.
The site is more than just a model home; it's been a real one for Jo Barrett and Matt Stone, who were chefs al the small in-house restaurant. "To be able to grow and produce food on a tiny footprint in the city and turn it into exciting dishes is completely unique," says Stone.
Through the project, Bakker wanted to demonstrate he could feed a family with his design. "I think we've proved that it's actually more productive than even I imagined," he says. "We've harvested 35 kilos of potatoes from a square meter."
He hopes the example will offer a blueprint to future homes and an alternative to current food system, which is to blame for over a third of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. Creating a circular system could also greatly reduce food waste.
"We're the only species that generates waste. In nature, there is no waste; everything becomes a food source for something else," says Bakker. "If we transform to a circular system, we have so much potential to stop the destruction of wilderness and forest."
1. What is the main idea of the 3rd paragraph
A. The function of the greenhouse building.
B. The way the greenhouse building works.
C. The advantages of the greenhouse building.
D. The reason for designing the greenhouse building.
2. What do we learn about the greenhouse home
A. It can provide a good supply of produce.
B. Water is recycled for use in the house.
C. It is possessed by the designer Bakker.
D. Plant growing is free of soil in the house.
3. Why are the chefs mentioned in the 4th paragraph
A. To introduce the topic. B. To inform people of the latest restaurant.
C. To demonstrate the future modern home. D. To illustrate the advantage of the house.
4. What does the last paragraph suggest
A. People have to explore nature more.
B. Human relies heavily on the environment.
C. The greenhouse is a way to reduce waste.
D. The greenhouse helps reduce reliance on nature.
6. Blood donations save lives. But blood can only be stored under fridge for up to six weeks. After that, it's no longer usable for transfusions. But Kopechek's team has developed a method of preserving blood so it can be stored in a dehydrated(脱水的) state at room temperature. To do so, they turned to a sugar called trehalose(海藻糖), which is a common material in a friedcake...
"To help make them look fresh even when they might be months old, and you wouldn't know the difference." The researchers chose trehalose because in nature, it's made by tough animals like sea monkeys—also known as brine shrimp(虾)—famous for their ability to survive dehydration. "So these animals can dry out completely for a long period of time and then be rehydrated and restart normal function. So we wanted to use the trehalose that's produced by these creatures and apply that to preserving blood cells in a dried state, just like those creatures are."
But first, the researchers had to get trehalose into blood cells. They then used special equipment to drill holes in the cell tissue layers—which let some trehalose get in. And they need to have sufficient level of trehalose on both the inside and the outside of the cell in order to survive the dehydration and rehydration process. At that point, the blood could be dried and made into a powder. And then they can rehydrate the blood and have it return back to normal.
The team is still trying to improve production but thinks the dried blood could be stored at room temperature for years. Kopechek says the technique could be ready for clinical trials in three to five years. If successful, it could be used to create stores of dried blood in case of future diseases or natural disasters and for humanitarian aid work, military operations or even missions to Mars. Maybe first aid kits on the Red Planet will include dried red blood cells.
1.Why are sea monkeys mentioned in the second paragraph
A.Their born dehydration is worth studying.
B.They are as well-known as one species of shrimp.
C.They can produce much trehalose to lengthen their life.
D.Their ability to survive dehydration may inspire the researchers.
2.What's the third paragraph mainly about
A.The method of dehydrating plants. B.The process of producing dried blood.
C.The working system of taking in trehalose. D.The way of storing spare fresh blood.
3.What's Kopechek's attitude to the technique of preserving blood
A.Subjective. B.Supportive. C.Doubtful. D.Ambiguous.
4.Where is the passage probably from
A.A biology textbook. B.A travel brochure.
C.A popular novel. D.A science magazine.
7. A new study has found that braving the cold may be a good way to help burn off some of that Christmas desserts.
The research was carried out by scientists at Canada's Laurentian University and focused on high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This format has grown in popularity of late due to the fat-burning benefits it brings, and the team set out to explore how temperature might influence its effects.
The study involved 11 overweight adults who took part in two HIIT sessions a week apart. One of these was carried out in a "thermoneutral" environment with temperatures of around 70℉ (21℃), and the other at a cold 32℉ (0℃). The sessions consisted of 10 separate cycling race at 90 percent effort lasting one minute, followed by 90-second "recovery" periods of cycling at 30 percent intensity.
After each session, the participants cooled down by gently cycling or walking, ate a nutrition bar before going to sleep and enjoyed a high-fat breakfast the morning after. During these sessions, the scientists monitored skin temperature, core body temperature, heart rate and the amount of oxygen. Blood samples were also drawn to help calculate fat burning rates following the breakfast the next day.
"The present study found that high-intensity exercise in the cold increased lipid oxidation(脂质氧化) by 358 percent in comparison to high-intensity exercise in a thermoneutral environment," the team writes.
The authors also note that the idea that cold temperatures help us burn more fat during exercise will need further investigation(调查), though the first-of-a-kind study does indicate it's a possibility worth pursuing.
1.What is good for burning off fat according to the study
A.Cold food. B.Low temperature.
C.Hard workout. D.Cycling race.
2.What is the third paragraph mainly about
A.Introduction to the study. B.Some data in the study.
C.The participants in the study. D.The process of the study.
3.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Further study needs to be done. B.Doing exercise burns more fat.
C.The efforts of scientists are in vain. D.The study result is unreasonable.
4.What is the best title of the text
A.High-intensity Workouts Help Burn off Extra Calories
B.Cycling in the Cold Is a Great Way to Build up Your Body
C.Study Shows Fat-burning Potential of Exercising in the Cold
D.Researchers Have Found More Fat-burning Workouts
8. Human beings are not alone in having invented vaccination(接种疫苗), while honeybees got there first and they can run what look like vaccination programmes, which has been confirmed by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
Queen bees vaccinate their eggs before they are laid. But the question is how the queen receives her antigen supply of defensive matter, for she lives purely on royal jelly(蜂王浆), a liquid produced by nurse bees when they are in the life stage of feeding the young. Dr. Harwood wondered if the nurses combined the royal jelly they produced with pieces from pathogens(病原体碎片) they had consumed while eating something brought in from outside.
To test this idea, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini nests equipped with the young to look after. They fed the nurses on sugar-water, and for three of the hives they added Paenibacillus larvae, a bacterium causing a disease, to sugar-water.
Dr. Harwood and Dr. Salmela marked the bacteria, to make them easy to track. And, sure enough, microscope confirmed that Paenibacillus larvae were getting into royal jelly secreted by those bees which had been fed with the sugar water. Moreover, examination of this royal jelly included higher levels of defensive matter, compared with royal jelly from bees that had not been mixed with Paenibacillus larvae. This matter is thought to help bee immune systems fight against bacteria.
All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, via their royal jelly, passing defensive matter on to the queen, then into eggs. They also mean, because the young receive royal jelly for the first few days after they hatch, the nurses are giving the young the second defensive matter. Each young bee is therefore being vaccinated twice.
1.What puzzled Dr. Harwood about the queen bees
A.Whether bees run vaccination earlier than man.
B.How the antigen come into the queen bees' bodies.
C.Where the nurses receive pathogens.
D.What the royal jelly consists of.
2.How did Dr. Harwood develop his experiment
A.By dividing bees into different roles. B.By observing the nurses' behaviors.
C.By changing the components of royal jelly. D.By keeping track of the special bacterium.
3.What do we learn from the results of the experiment
A.Nurse bees are the key to vaccination for bee group.
B.The queens produced defensive matter by themselves.
C.Bacteria-used royal jelly has fewer defensive matter.
D.Two vaccinations are given to young bees by caregivers directly.
4.Where is the passage probably taken from
A.A pet guide. B.A social website.
C.An official document. D.A medical magazine.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 ADBC
解析：1.根据第二段中的"Inside is the...of the body"可知, 脊髓携带着大脑和下肢之间的重要信息, 即它充当着信息载体。故选A。
2.根据第二段中的"When the spinal...move their legs"可知, 一旦脊髓受损, 传输信息的通道会被损坏, 病人就无法移动双腿; 根据第三段中的"The researchers made...the leg muscles"可知, 移植的电极会帮助连接控制腿部肌肉的神经, 据此可以推断, 植入的设备应该能够连接受伤的神经。故选D。
3.根据第四段中的"the tablet tells...the chosen way"可知, 本段主要讲了植入物如何在病人身上起作用, 帮助病人重新行走。故选B。
4.本文介绍了一项医学进步, 根据本文中心句即第一段中的"scientists have given...an implanted device"和文章大意可知, 本文主要介绍了科学家通过植入物帮助瘫痪病人重新行走。故选C。
2.答案：1-4 CDCC
解析：1.根据第一段第二句"Only one bee was...calm and windy days"可知, 该项研究的内容是在不同的风扇转速下, 模拟无风和有风的天气, 且研究人员对蜜蜂造访人造花的过程进行录像和计时。故选C。
2.根据第六段中的"one possible reason...required to take off"可知, 风导致蜜蜂犹豫不决的一个可能原因是, 风速的升高降低了蜜蜂的体温, 因此它们需要更长的时间来热身起飞。据此可以推知, 体温的降低导致蜜蜂犹豫是否要起飞。故选D。
.根据尾段尾句"Coping with increasingly...may be the final straw"可知, 应对气候变化下日益多风的天气可能是最后一根稻草。故选C。
4.通读全文可知, 本文尾句"Coping with increasingly...the final straw"是全文的主旨句, 又结合文章内容可知,本文主要介绍了气候变暖引起的日益多风的天气对蜜蜂采蜜的影响,及对蜜蜂的数量的影响。故选C。
3.答案：1-4 CDCB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第三句"In fact, it seems just a 10-minute session will not only make us feel better, but could actually improve brain health, too."可知,事实上,仅仅10分钟的锻炼时间似乎不仅能让我们感觉更好,而且居然能改善大脑健康。由此可推知,新的研究发现,短时间的跑步可能是有益的。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段第三句"Researchers from University of Tsukuba in Japan asked participants to run on a treadmill(跑步机) for just 10 minutes."以及第三段第二句中的"Researchers then compared these results to a similar study on cycling"可知,日本筑波大学的研究人员做了一项实验,要求参与者们在跑步机上跑步10分钟,并与相同条件下的骑自行车(的参与者们)的结果进行比较,即研究者们通过做实验和比较得出了研究结果。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其是最后一句"Results showed there was a highest point in self-reported pleasure and an increase in degree of activity of the brain."和第三段第一句"In other words, runners were found to have an increase in blood flow in the part of the brain that's associated with dealing with functions and controlling mood(情绪)."可知,实验结果表明自我报告的快乐程度达到了最高点,大脑的活跃程度也有所增加。换句话说,跑步者大脑中的与执行功能和控制情绪相关的部分的血流量增加了。由此可推知,血流量与人们的快乐相关。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了一项研究,研究表明跑步对人们的身心健康有好处。B项符合文章主旨。故选B。
4.答案：1-4 DABA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段"Decades of research has shown that the ability to forgive is a life skill that helps the young build resilience(恢复力). A sense of purpose helps them realize schoolwork is more meaningful and more powerful. Being thankful changes the very nature of their lives, enabling them to gather their motivation to learn and find lifelong success. Humble(谦卑的) kids love learning. Learning requires curiosity, and curiosity requires them to explore what they don't know."可知,宽容、有目标、感恩和谦虚都有助于孩子学习,学习需要有好奇心,好奇心让孩子们探索他们不知道的东西。即这四种品质可以让孩子们获取他们不知道的内容。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句中的"that influenced young people's ability for great love and sympathy was not moral instruction or a religious education, but exposure to different experiences and knowledge"可知,影响年轻人有博爱和同情的能力的关键因素不是道德教学或宗教教育,而是接触到的不同的经历和知识。由此可推知,画线短语the bottom line应意为"关键因素",与A项意思相符。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段内容尤其是最后一句"So, it's easy to see parents supporting their child's characters and learning as one and the same."可知,我们很容易看到父母把支持他们孩子的性格和支持孩子的学习看得同样重要。由此可知,父母的支持对孩子来说很重要。故选B。
4.标题概括题。根据第一段内容和第二段第一句"All of this research suggests how character can often be a powerful catalyst(催化剂) for learning."可知,所有这些研究结果都表明,对学习来说,性格往往是强大的催化剂,即文章介绍了四种性格对于儿童成长,尤其是在学习方面的好处。A项适合做本文的标题。故选A。
5.答案：1-4 BADC
解析：1. 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要介绍了温室的各个部分是如何运作、变"废"为"能"的，即温室的运作方式。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"The house is designed, says Bakker, with the roof as the foundation, loaded with 35 tons of soil, which provides fertile(肥沃的) ground for produce—more than 200 plant species grow on the roof, as well as insects, snails, fish and chickens."可知，房子的设计以屋顶作为基础，装载35吨土壤，土壤提供了用于生产的肥沃土地，有200多种植物在屋顶上生长，也有昆虫、蜗牛、鱼和鸡。由此可知，温室可以提供良好的农产品供应。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"The site is more than just a model home; it's been a real one for Jo Barrett and Matt Stone, who were chefs at the small in-house restaurant."和第五段第一句"Through the project, Bakker wanted to demonstrate he could feed a family with his design."可知，这个房子不只是一个模型，对于Jo Barrett和Matt Stone来说，它是一个真正的家；而通过这个项目，Barrett想要证明他的设计能够养活一个家庭。由此可推知，第四段提到Jo Barrett和Matt Stone两名厨师是为了表明这个房子的优点。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容尤其是最后一句"If we transform to a circular system, we have so much potential to stop the destruction of wilderness and forest."可知，如果我们(的居住环境)转化为可循环系统，我们就很有可能停止破坏生态环境和森林。由此可推知，最后一段表明温室是一种减少浪费的方式。故选C。
6.答案：1-4 DBBD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段第二至四句中的"sea monkeys...famous for their ability to survive dehydration. So these animals can dry out completely...So we wanted to use the trehalose...apply that to preserving blood cells...like those creatures are."可知, 这些动物能完全脱水变干很长一段时间后再水化, 然后重启正常的机能。所以研究人员想利用这些动物产生的海藻糖, 将其应用于在干燥的状态下保存血细胞。由此可推知, 第二段提及海猿是为了表明海猿脱水生存的能力可能让研究人员获得了保存血液的灵感。故选D。
2.段落大意题。根据第三段中的"first"、"then"、"At that point"、"And then"等描述过程的衔接词和"blood cells"、"rehydrate"以及第四句中的"the blood could be dried and made into a powder"可知, 本段主要介绍了制造脱水血液的过程。故选B。
3.观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句"Kopechek says the technique could be ready for clinical trials in three to five years."可知, Kopechek表示这种技术能为三到五年内的临床试验做准备。由此可推知, Kopechek对此项技术持支持态度。故选B。
4.文章出处题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了一项关于血液保存的科学研究。由此可推知, 本文可能来自一本科学杂志。故选D。
7.答案：1-4 BAAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段"A new study has found that braving the cold may be a good way to help burn off some of that Christmas desserts."可知, 根据该研究, 低温有助于燃烧脂肪。故选B。
2.段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知, 本段介绍了这项研究的研究对象以及研究过程。由此可推知, 本段主要介绍了这项研究。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"The authors also note that the idea that cold temperatures help us burn more fat during exercise will need further investigation(调查)"可知, 低温有助于我们在运动中燃烧更多脂肪的想法还需要做进一步的研究(去证实)。故选A。
4.标题概括题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了一项研究, 此研究发现在低温中锻炼的人们可以燃烧更多的脂肪。因此C项为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
8.答案：1-4 BDAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是第二句中的"But the question is how the queen receives her antigen supply"可知, Harwood博士对于抗原进入蜂后体内的方式感到困惑。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容尤其是第四段第一句"Dr. Harwood and Dr. Salmela marked the bacteria, to make them easy to track."可知, Harwood博士为了验证自己的猜想, 便和Salmela博士把150只保育蜂分成六组, 用糖水喂养这些保育蜂, 并在其中三个蜂巢的糖水中加入了幼虫芽孢杆菌, 然后研究人员在显微镜下追踪被标记了的幼虫芽孢杆菌的情况。由此可推知, Harwood博土是通过追踪特殊的细菌来开展他的实验的。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句"All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, via their royal jelly, passing defensive matter on to the queen, then into eggs. They also mean, because the young receive royal jelly for the first few days after they hatch, the nurses are giving the young the second defensive matter."可知, 综上所述, 这些发现表明, 保育蜂确实通过蜂王浆将抗原传给蜂后, 以便将其接种到卵中。这也意味着, 因为幼虫在孵化后的最初几天也会接受蜂王浆, 所以保育蜂会给它们的幼虫注射第二次疫苗。由此可推知, 保育蜂对蜂群的疫苗接种至关重要。故选A。
4.文章出处题。通读全文内容可知, 本文主要介绍了蜜蜂是最先发明疫苗并接种疫苗的物种。因此, 本文最有可能摘自一本医学杂志。故选D。
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